Method for operating a pumped compressed air energy storage system

Abstract

This application relates to an operation method for a pumped-hydro compressed-air energy storage system. The method includes: upon completion of the system's construction, filling the upper water-air co-containment chamber with gas; during energy storage, controlling the simultaneous operation of a water pump and a compressor unit to pump water from the lower water-air co-containment chamber into the upper chamber, while simultaneously controlling the compressor unit to compress air into the lower chamber; during energy release, controlling the simultaneous operation of a turbine and an expander unit to allow water from the upper chamber to flow through the turbine into the lower chamber, while simultaneously generating electricity from air in the lower chamber through the expander unit. This solves the problem that existing scheduling methods struggle to achieve efficient coordination between pumped-hydro storage and compressed-air storage units in terms of response speed, energy conversion paths, and operational constraints, resulting in low overall system efficiency and hindering the realization of the advantages of hybrid energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to an operation method of a pumped compressed air energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of building new power systems, energy storage technology, as a core supporting means to ensure grid stability, flexibility, and the ability to absorb new energy sources, has become a key focus of current energy research and engineering practice. Pumped hydro storage, as the most mature form of large-scale energy storage, boasts advantages such as strong regulation capabilities, long service life, and low operating costs; however, its construction is highly dependent on natural terrain, particularly the requirement for a significant difference in head between upper and lower reservoirs, severely limiting its widespread deployment in plains, coastal areas, and urban peripheries. Compressed air storage, on the other hand, possesses high energy density and good spatial adaptability, making it suitable for deployment in areas lacking hydraulic head; however, its response speed is slow, its start-up and shutdown processes are complex, and its conversion efficiency is relatively low, making it difficult to independently handle scenarios such as rapid frequency regulation. Therefore, structurally integrating and operationally coupling pumped hydro storage and compressed air storage systems can achieve complementary advantages in rapid response and long-term energy support, constructing a more efficient and flexible energy storage system architecture.

[0003] However, due to the significant differences between the two types of energy storage units in terms of response characteristics, energy conversion paths and operational constraints, scheduling and control methods often struggle to balance system coordination and operational efficiency, resulting in the inability to achieve coordinated and optimized operation of pumped water and compressed air energy storage systems, which urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an operation method for a pumped compressed air energy storage system to address the problem that in related technologies, energy storage system operation methods are mostly designed for single energy storage systems, without fully considering the differences in response characteristics, energy efficiency, and operational constraints between the two types of energy storage units. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic modeling and coordination strategies for the coupling mechanism between the two, which makes it difficult to achieve optimized scheduling and coordinated control of energy storage resources in joint operation scenarios, thus limiting the overall performance and regulation capabilities of the system.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an operation method for a pumped-water compressed air energy storage system. The pumped-water compressed air energy storage system includes a water pump, a water turbine, a compressor unit, an expander unit, an upper water-air co-containment chamber, a lower water-air co-containment chamber, and corresponding valves and air drying and filtering devices. The method includes the following steps: when the pumped-water compressed air energy storage system is completed, gas is introduced into the upper water-air co-containment chamber; during the energy storage process of the pumped-water compressed air energy storage system, the water pump and the compressor unit are controlled to work simultaneously to pump water from the lower water-air co-containment chamber into the upper water-air co-containment chamber, and simultaneously, the compressor unit is controlled to compress air into the lower water-air co-containment chamber; during the energy release process of the pumped-water compressed air energy storage system, the water turbine and the expander unit are controlled to work simultaneously to allow water from the upper water-air co-containment chamber to flow into the lower water-air co-containment chamber through the water turbine, and simultaneously, the air from the lower water-air co-containment chamber generates electricity through the expander unit.

[0006] By employing the above technical means and utilizing core equipment such as water pumps, turbines, compressors, expanders, and water-gas co-containment chambers to construct a coupled operation mechanism, the system can achieve coordinated storage and release of water and gas energy. This improves the system's energy conversion efficiency and energy storage density, enhances operational flexibility and regulation capabilities, and enables intelligent switching of operating modes under different working conditions through organic linkage between various units. This meets the diverse needs of the power grid for peak shaving, frequency regulation, and emergency backup, providing solid technical support for building an efficient and reliable hybrid energy storage system.

[0007] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, before constructing the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the method further includes: calculating the system release energy of the pumped compressed air energy storage system; and optimizing the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system based on the system release energy by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber.

[0008] By using the above technical means to optimize the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber, the structural volume and engineering construction cost of the system can be effectively reduced while ensuring the energy storage capacity and energy output requirements. This will improve the energy storage density and space utilization, thereby helping to achieve a reasonable match of system equipment configuration and enhance the overall energy conversion efficiency and economy of operation.

[0009] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, optimizing the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber includes: obtaining the energy storage density based on the electrical energy released by the water turbine and the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber; obtaining the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber based on the energy storage density; and configuring the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit according to the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber.

[0010] By employing the above technical means, based on the electrical energy output by the water turbine, the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber in the system's energy release, the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit are derived and configured. This achieves optimal matching of the system's performance and structure, ensuring that the compressed air energy storage unit meets the expected energy release requirements under given volume constraints. Consequently, the system's energy conversion efficiency and response capability are improved, equipment redundancy and operating losses are reduced, and the system achieves a balance between economy, compactness, and high efficiency.

[0011] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the electrical energy supplied by the water turbine is:

[0012] ,

[0013] in, This indicates the electrical energy output of the water turbine. , These represent the minimum and maximum air pressure in the upper water-air co-containment chamber, respectively; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; Indicates the efficiency of the water turbine;

[0014] The formula for calculating the work done by the isothermal expansion of air is:

[0015] ,

[0016] in, This represents the amount of work done by the isothermal expansion of air. This indicates the air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; It represents atmospheric pressure.

[0017] By using the above technical means to quantify the energy output of the two energy storage units, namely water and gas, it is possible to accurately assess the overall energy release capacity of the pumped compressed air energy storage system. This helps to achieve coordinated control during the water-gas coupled operation process, thereby providing a reliable data foundation and decision-making basis for the selection of key equipment, the formulation of operating modes, and the optimization of parameters.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the energy storage density is:

[0019] ,

[0020] in, This indicates the energy storage density of a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0021] By using the above technical means to quantify energy storage density, the energy storage capacity of pumped compressed air energy storage systems per unit volume or per unit mass can be clearly assessed. Under the premise of meeting the energy storage scale, the system volume can be minimized and the space utilization optimized, thereby improving the system integration and economy, and effectively supporting the miniaturization, modularization and engineering practicality of energy storage devices.

[0022] A second aspect of this application provides an operating device for a pumped-water compressed air energy storage system. The system includes a water pump, a water turbine, a compressor unit, an expander unit, an upper water-air co-containment chamber, a lower water-air co-containment chamber, and corresponding valves and air drying / filtering devices. The operating device includes: a gas filling module for filling the upper water-air co-containment chamber with gas upon completion of the system; a control module for controlling the water pump and compressor unit to operate simultaneously during the energy storage process, pumping water from the lower water-air co-containment chamber into the upper chamber, and simultaneously controlling the compressor unit to compress air into the lower chamber; and an operating module for controlling the water turbine and expander unit to operate simultaneously during the energy release process, allowing water from the upper chamber to flow through the water turbine into the lower chamber, and simultaneously causing air from the lower chamber to generate electricity through the expander unit.

[0023] By employing the above technical means and utilizing core equipment such as water pumps, turbines, compressors, expanders, and water-gas co-containment chambers to construct a coupled operation mechanism, the system can achieve coordinated storage and release of water and gas energy. This improves the system's energy conversion efficiency and energy storage density, enhances operational flexibility and regulation capabilities, and enables intelligent switching of operating modes under different working conditions through organic linkage between various units. This meets the diverse needs of the power grid for peak shaving, frequency regulation, and emergency backup, providing solid technical support for building an efficient and reliable hybrid energy storage system.

[0024] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, it further includes: a calculation module for calculating the system energy released by the pumped compressed air energy storage system; and an optimization module for optimizing the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system based on the system energy released by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber.

[0025] By using the above technical means to optimize the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber, the structural volume and engineering construction cost of the system can be effectively reduced while ensuring the energy storage capacity and energy output requirements. This will improve the energy storage density and space utilization, thereby helping to achieve a reasonable match of system equipment configuration and enhance the overall energy conversion efficiency and economy of operation.

[0026] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the optimization module includes: a first acquisition unit, used to obtain the energy storage density based on the electrical energy released by the water turbine and the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber of the system; a second acquisition unit, used to obtain the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber based on the energy storage density; and a configuration unit, used to configure the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit according to the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber.

[0027] By employing the above technical means, based on the electrical energy output by the water turbine, the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber in the system's energy release, the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit are derived and configured. This achieves optimal matching of the system's performance and structure, ensuring that the compressed air energy storage unit meets the expected energy release requirements under given volume constraints. Consequently, the system's energy conversion efficiency and response capability are improved, equipment redundancy and operating losses are reduced, and the system achieves a balance between economy, compactness, and high efficiency.

[0028] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the electrical energy supplied by the water turbine is:

[0029] ,

[0030] in, This indicates the electrical energy output of the water turbine. , These represent the minimum and maximum air pressure in the upper water-air co-containment chamber, respectively; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; Indicates the efficiency of the water turbine;

[0031] The formula for calculating the work done by the isothermal expansion of air is:

[0032] ,

[0033] in, This represents the amount of work done by the isothermal expansion of air. This indicates the air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; It represents atmospheric pressure.

[0034] By using the above technical means to quantify the energy output of the two energy storage units, namely water and gas, it is possible to accurately assess the overall energy release capacity of the pumped compressed air energy storage system. This helps to achieve coordinated control during the water-gas coupled operation process, thereby providing a reliable data foundation and decision-making basis for the selection of key equipment, the formulation of operating modes, and the optimization of parameters.

[0035] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the energy storage density is:

[0036] ,

[0037] in, This indicates the energy storage density of a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0038] By using the above technical means to quantify energy storage density, the energy storage capacity of pumped compressed air energy storage systems per unit volume or per unit mass can be clearly assessed. Under the premise of meeting the energy storage scale, the system volume can be minimized and the space utilization optimized, thereby improving the system integration and economy, and effectively supporting the miniaturization, modularization and engineering practicality of energy storage devices.

[0039] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system as described in the above embodiments.

[0040] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for operating a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0041] A fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed, is used to implement the above-described method for operating a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0042] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pumped compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an operation method of a pumped compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of an operating device for a pumped compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure label:

[0049] 101-Compressor unit, 102-Expander unit, 103-Low-temperature thermal storage tank, 104-High-temperature thermal storage tank, 105-Upper water-gas co-containment chamber, 106-Lower water-gas co-containment chamber, 107-Liquid piston, 108-Heat exchanger, 109-Electric motor, 110-Generator, 111-One set of water pumps / turbines;

[0050] 10-Operating device of pumped compressed air energy storage system; 100-Inflation module, 200-Control module, 300-Operating module; 401-Memory, 402-Processor, 403-Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0052] The following describes the operation method of a pumped-water compressed-air energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Addressing the technical problem mentioned in the background art, where significant differences exist between pumped-water energy storage and compressed-air energy storage units in terms of response characteristics, energy conversion paths, and operational constraints, making it difficult for scheduling and control methods to simultaneously consider system coordination and operational efficiency, thus hindering the coordinated and optimized operation of pumped-water and compressed-air energy storage systems, this application provides an operation method for a pumped-water compressed-air energy storage system. In this method, the operating parameters of key equipment such as water pumps, turbines, compressors, expanders, and water-air co-containment chambers are uniformly allocated to achieve coordinated storage and release of water and air energy, enabling the full utilization of water and air energy. This system combines the advantages of pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage to achieve joint regulation and efficient conversion of hydropower and air energy. This ensures stable energy output while effectively avoiding the strong dependence of pumped hydro storage systems on terrain elevation differences, expanding the application range of energy storage systems in flat or terrain-restricted areas. Furthermore, by introducing a water-air co-location structure and optimizing system parameters with minimizing cabin volume, the overall system volume and construction costs can be effectively reduced, while improving energy conversion efficiency and operational economy. This provides a feasible design scheme and technical path for the application of novel hybrid energy storage systems. This addresses the significant differences between pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage units in terms of response speed, energy conversion path, and operational constraints. Conventional scheduling and control methods struggle to simultaneously consider system coordination and operational efficiency, making it difficult to achieve synergistic optimization of the two energy storage methods in actual operation, thus affecting the overall system performance and energy efficiency.

[0053] Before describing the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application, the system structure and application scenarios involved in the embodiments of this application will be described first.

[0054] As one possible approach, during the pumped storage retrofit process, the system can be modified to replace the original method of sealing the upper and lower reservoirs, and pipelines leading to the compressor unit and expander unit can be drawn out through the lower water-air co-containment chamber. At the same time, the system can reuse the original pumped storage pump unit and turbine unit.

[0055] Specifically, in the pumped storage retrofit process of this application embodiment, the retrofit can be carried out according to the following steps: First, the water in the upper reservoir is discharged into the lower reservoir, and the lining of the upper reservoir is reinforced and sealed; then, with the vent of the upper reservoir open, the water in the lower reservoir is pumped into the upper reservoir, and the water intake pipe valve is closed, and the lining of the lower reservoir is reinforced and sealed; after that, the compressor unit and expander unit are installed in place and connected to the lower water-air common containment chamber; finally, the water is discharged into the lower reservoir, and high-pressure air is pressurized into the upper water-air common containment chamber through the compressor unit, thus completing the setup of the pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the pumped compressed air energy storage system may include a compressor unit 101, an expander unit 102, a low-temperature heat storage tank 103, a high-temperature heat storage tank 104, an upper water-air co-containment chamber 105, a lower water-air co-containment chamber 106, a liquid piston 107, a heat exchanger 108, an electric motor 109, a generator 110, and a water pump / turbine 111, etc.

[0057] It is understandable that the compressor unit 101 is usually connected between the lower water-gas co-containment chamber and the high-pressure gas storage tank. During the energy storage stage, it can compress air from atmospheric pressure to high pressure, push the gas into the water-gas co-containment chamber, and release the heat of compression to the high-temperature heat storage tank 104.

[0058] The expander unit 102 is located between the high-pressure gas outlet and the lower water-gas co-containment chamber. During the energy release phase, it can use the high-pressure air to expand isothermally or nearly isothermally, output mechanical work to drive the generator 110, and absorb the heat energy in the low-temperature heat storage tank 103 to maintain the gas in a hot state.

[0059] The cryogenic heat storage tank 103 is usually connected to the heat absorption end of the expander 102 and is used to store the cooling medium.

[0060] The high-temperature heat storage tank 104 can absorb and store the heat energy released during compression, and supply it to the expander 102 when the energy is released, so as to achieve near isothermal expansion and improve system efficiency.

[0061] The upper water-air co-containment chamber 105, located in the upper reservoir, can hold the pumped water and compress the air above it to store energy during the energy storage process; during the energy release process, the water is released to drive the water turbine to generate electricity, while the air expands to release gas energy.

[0062] The lower water-air co-containment chamber 106 is located in the lower reservoir, and its mechanism of action is the same as that of the upper water-air co-containment chamber 105.

[0063] The liquid piston 107 mainly manifests as the displacement effect of water. In the energy storage stage, the water pump injects water into the water-air co-containment chamber, and the water level rises, which is equivalent to the liquid piston moving upward and compressing the air in the upper part to store gas pressure energy. In the energy release stage, the compressed air in the upper part expands and pushes the water level down, which is equivalent to the liquid piston moving downward, which can release the gas energy and drive the water flow to drive the water turbine.

[0064] The heat exchanger 108 connects the compressor 101 with the high-temperature heat storage tank 104 and the expander 102 with the low-temperature heat storage tank 103, enabling efficient transfer and utilization of heat energy and assisting in isothermal compression and isothermal expansion processes.

[0065] Electric motor 109 and generator 110 are used. During the energy storage stage, electric motor 109 drives compressor 101 and water pump; during the energy release stage, water turbine and expander 102 drive generator 110 to generate electricity.

[0066] The water pump / turbine 111 connects the upper and lower reservoirs and is installed in the pipeline. It can be used as a water pump driven by the electric motor 109 during the energy storage stage; during the energy release stage, it runs in reverse as a water turbine to drive the generator 110, realizing bidirectional energy conversion.

[0067] The system structure and application scenarios proposed in the above embodiments can realize the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system provided in this application. The operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system will be described in detail below.

[0068] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the operation method of a pumped compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the operation method of this pumped compressed air energy storage system includes the following steps:

[0070] In step S201, when the pumped compressed air energy storage system is completed, gas is introduced into the upper water-gas co-containment chamber.

[0071] It should be noted that the upper water-air co-containment chamber is a sealed chamber that simultaneously contains water and compressed air. Located in the upper reservoir, it can be used for water-air co-containment energy storage and pressure regulation. When water is pumped into the upper reservoir, the water level inside the chamber rises, and the volume of compressed air decreases, thus completing energy storage. When the system releases energy, the compressed air expands, pushing the water out and driving the expander to generate electricity. This structure can utilize the synergistic effect of the compressibility of gas and the incompressibility of water to achieve efficient energy conversion and dynamic control. The gas inside the chamber is typically compressed air, i.e., compressed from conventional atmosphere, mainly composed of nitrogen and oxygen. This gas is widely available, low in cost, and has high safety and environmental friendliness, making it suitable for large-scale, sustainable energy storage applications.

[0072] In step S202, during the energy storage process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the water pump and the compressor unit are controlled to work simultaneously to pump water from the lower water-air co-containment chamber into the upper water-air co-containment chamber, while the compressor unit is controlled to compress air into the lower water-air co-containment chamber.

[0073] It can be explained that the energy storage process of a pumped compressed air energy storage system typically involves converting electrical energy from the power grid into the potential energy of water and the pressure energy of gas for storage; the energy release process involves releasing the stored water and gas energy to drive a turbine and expander to generate electricity, converting the stored energy back into electrical energy, thus achieving efficient energy conversion and regulation.

[0074] In this embodiment, the water pump is mainly used in the pumping and energy storage section of the system, which can pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir to increase the water potential energy; the compressor unit is mainly used in the gas energy storage section of the system, which can compress ambient air and inject it into the water-gas co-containment chamber to realize the storage of gas pressure energy. The two work together to convert electrical energy into water energy and gas energy, providing dual energy support for the subsequent energy release process of the system.

[0075] In step S203, during the energy release process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the water turbine and the expander unit are controlled to work simultaneously so that the water in the upper water-air co-containment chamber flows into the lower water-air co-containment chamber through the water turbine, and at the same time, the air in the lower water-air co-containment chamber generates electricity through the expander unit.

[0076] It is understandable that the water turbine and the expander unit can work together to complete the tasks of energy release and power generation. The water turbine can use the water flow returning from the upper reservoir to drive power generation, converting the potential energy of water into electrical energy; the expander unit can drive mechanical rotation through the expansion process of compressed air, realizing the conversion of gas energy into electrical energy. The two work together to release the stored water energy and gas energy, which can improve the overall power generation efficiency and output stability of the system.

[0077] It should be noted that pumps and turbines can often reuse equipment from existing pumped storage power stations, which can reduce retrofit costs and thus improve the overall economy and reliability of the system.

[0078] In actual operation, the pumped compressed air energy storage system should always maintain equal volumetric flow rates of water flowing through the pump and air flowing through the compressor unit, as well as equal volumetric flow rates of water flowing through the turbine and air flowing through the expander unit. Under this control logic, the embodiments of this application can ensure that the back pressure of the compressor unit and the intake pressure of the expander unit are both constant, further ensuring the efficient operation of the compressed air energy storage system.

[0079] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, before constructing the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the method further includes: calculating the system release energy of the pumped compressed air energy storage system; and optimizing the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber based on the system release energy.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, the released energy of the system can consist of two parts, corresponding to the energy release processes of the turbine and the expander, respectively. On one hand, the turbine can utilize the receding water flow from the upper reservoir to drive the generator, converting the stored water potential energy into electrical energy, constituting the first part of the system's released energy. On the other hand, the expander can release compressed air from the air-water co-containment chamber, causing it to drive mechanical devices to perform work during expansion, similarly driving the generator to output electrical energy, constituting the second part of the system's released energy. These two parts together constitute the total released energy of the system, the magnitude of which reflects the system's energy conversion capability and operating efficiency.

[0081] For example, design parameters may include multiple key indicators, including but not limited to the rated power and efficiency of pump units and turbine units, the compression ratio and energy conversion efficiency of compressor units and expander units, the total volume of the gas-water co-containment chamber, energy storage density, and the overall round-trip efficiency of the system. These design parameters can jointly determine the energy storage scale, response speed, and energy regulation capability of the system in actual operation, and are an important basis for system modeling and optimization design.

[0082] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system are optimized by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber. This includes: obtaining the energy storage density based on the electrical energy released by the water turbine and the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber; obtaining the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber based on the energy storage density; and configuring the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit according to the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber.

[0083] It can be explained that the electrical energy output of the water turbine refers to the total electrical energy generated during the energy release phase of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, as water flows from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir, driving the turbine to rotate and outputting electrical energy through the connected generator. This electrical energy reflects the efficiency and capacity of converting water potential energy into electrical energy, and is an important parameter for measuring the system's water energy utilization effect. The work done by isothermal air expansion refers to the total mechanical work or electrical energy generated during the energy release phase of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, as compressed air in the gas-water co-containment chamber or storage tank expands in a near-isothermal manner, driving the expander and outputting electrical energy through the generator. This work reflects the effective energy provided by the compressed air energy storage unit during gas release and is a measure of gas energy utilization. The efficiency is an important indicator, and its magnitude is usually affected by factors such as the initial pressure of compressed air, expansion ratio, range of gas volume change, and whether the expansion process is close to an ideal isothermal state. The total water-air co-containment volume of the system refers to the sum of the total volumes of all water-air co-containment chambers in the pumped compressed air energy storage system. It can determine the maximum space that the system can hold for water and compressed air. This volume can affect the compressed air storage capacity, the adjustment range of the water-air interface, and the continuous output capacity during the energy release phase. It is one of the key parameters in system structural design and energy density control. Under the premise of ensuring energy storage capacity and output power, minimizing the total chamber volume is usually the optimization goal to reduce civil engineering costs, improve structural compactness, and system economy.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, energy storage density is a key indicator for measuring the energy that a pumped compressed air energy storage system can store per unit volume or unit mass, reflecting the system's space utilization efficiency and energy integration capability. In this system, energy storage density typically includes two parts: water potential energy storage density and gas pressure energy storage density, corresponding to the energy storage performance of the reservoir and the water-air co-containment chamber, respectively. By increasing the water potential difference or the energy intensity of compressed air per unit volume, the overall energy storage density of the system can be effectively improved, thereby achieving higher energy capacity within a limited space.

[0085] As one possible approach, on the one hand, the energy released by the system can be used as the output of the water turbine. In this embodiment, it can be assumed that the air pressure variation range in the upper water-air co-containment chamber is as follows: Because the air expands and comes into close contact with the water, it can be assumed that the air undergoes isothermal expansion during the energy release process, and its work done on the outside can be converted into electrical energy for the water turbine.

[0086] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the electrical energy supplied by the turbine can be expressed as:

[0087] ,

[0088] in, This indicates the electrical energy output of the water turbine. , These represent the minimum and maximum air pressure in the upper water-air co-containment chamber, respectively; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the efficiency of the water turbine.

[0089] Meanwhile, this application embodiment assumes that the air pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber is... Then, the range of changes in the head and pump head of the turbine during operation can be expressed as follows: The feasible range of head and pump head variations for water pumps and turbines should include this range, which can be expressed as:

[0090] ,

[0091] in, This represents the density of water, 1000 kg / m³. 3 ; This represents the acceleration due to gravity, and can be 9.8. This indicates the elevation difference between the upper and lower reservoirs at the site of the power station construction; , These represent the minimum and maximum head of the water turbine, respectively. , These represent the minimum and maximum head of the water pump, respectively.

[0092] During this process, the feasible head limit limits the ability of the pump to lift water to the upper water-air co-containment chamber during the energy storage stage, affecting the water storage height and filling efficiency. The head range can affect the potential energy carried by a unit volume of water, which is an important factor in determining the power generation capacity of the turbine. Both can jointly determine the effective potential energy difference that can be achieved in the system, thereby affecting the energy conversion efficiency and energy storage capacity design of the entire pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0093] On the other hand, the energy released by the system can also be reflected in the output of the expander unit. During the energy release process, the air undergoes multiple stages of isobaric expansion and adiabatic expansion. Its external work is slightly greater than the external work done by the isothermal expansion of air. The excess can be balanced with the equipment losses. Therefore, the external work done by the expander unit can be estimated using the external work done by the isothermal expansion of air.

[0094] Therefore, the formula for calculating the work done by the isothermal expansion of air can be expressed as:

[0095] ,

[0096] in, This represents the amount of work done by the isothermal expansion of air. This indicates the air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; It represents atmospheric pressure.

[0097] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the total work done by the system can be expressed as: The total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber in the system can be expressed as Therefore, the energy storage density of the system can be obtained from the embodiments of this application.

[0098] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating energy storage density can be expressed as:

[0099] ,

[0100] in, This indicates the energy storage density of a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0101] In some cases, the main design parameter of the system is the air pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, the derivative of the energy storage density with respect to the air pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber can be set to 0, i.e.

[0102] ,

[0103] Based on the above formula, the air pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber can be calculated in the embodiments of this application. Based on this, the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit are configured.

[0104] According to the above optimization scheme, the embodiments of this application can achieve efficient matching between turbine output, expander work and water-air co-containment chamber volume under the premise of meeting the system's predetermined energy release requirements, thereby reducing the overall system footprint and structural cost, improving energy storage density and energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, through multi-parameter collaborative design, the system's adaptability to different operating conditions can also be enhanced, providing strong support for building an efficient, compact and economical hybrid energy storage system.

[0105] According to the operation method of the pumped-air compressed air energy storage system proposed in the embodiments of this application, the operating parameters of key equipment such as water pumps, turbines, compressors, expanders, and water-air co-containment chambers are uniformly coordinated to achieve coordinated storage and release of water and air energy. This method can fully combine the advantages of pumped-air energy storage and compressed-air energy storage, and achieve joint regulation and efficient conversion of water and air energy. This effectively avoids the problem of strong dependence of pumped-air energy storage systems on terrain elevation differences while ensuring energy output stability, and expands the application range of energy storage systems in flat or terrain-restricted areas. At the same time, by introducing a water-air co-containment structure and designing system parameters with minimizing the chamber volume as the optimization goal, the total system volume and engineering construction cost can be effectively reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency and operating economy can be improved. This provides a feasible design scheme and technical path for the promotion and application of new hybrid energy storage systems.

[0106] Next, the operating apparatus of the pumped compressed air energy storage system proposed according to the embodiments of this application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0107] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the operating device of the pumped compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, the operating device 10 of the pumped compressed air energy storage system includes: an air filling module 100, a control module 200, and an operating module 300.

[0109] The air filling module 100 is used to fill the upper water-air co-containment chamber with gas when the pumped compressed air energy storage system is completed.

[0110] The control module 200 is used to control the water pump and compressor unit to work simultaneously during the energy storage process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, so as to pump water from the lower water-air common compartment into the upper water-air common compartment, and at the same time control the compressor unit to compress air into the lower water-air common compartment.

[0111] The operation module 300 is used to control the turbine and expander to work simultaneously during the energy release process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, so that the water in the upper water-air co-containment chamber flows into the lower water-air co-containment chamber through the turbine, and at the same time, the air in the lower water-air co-containment chamber generates electricity through the expander.

[0112] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, it further includes a calculation module and an optimization module.

[0113] The calculation module is used to calculate the system energy released by the pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0114] The optimization module is used to optimize the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system based on the system's released energy and by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber.

[0115] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the optimization module includes: a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit, and a configuration unit.

[0116] The first acquisition unit is used to obtain the energy storage density based on the electrical energy of the turbine and the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, as well as the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber of the system.

[0117] The second acquisition unit is used to obtain the air pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber based on the energy storage density.

[0118] The configuration unit is used to configure the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit according to the air pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber.

[0119] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the electrical energy supplied by the turbine is as follows:

[0120] ,

[0121] in, This indicates the electrical energy output of the water turbine. , These represent the minimum and maximum air pressure in the upper water-air co-containment chamber, respectively; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the efficiency of the water turbine.

[0122] The formula for calculating the work done by air during isothermal expansion is:

[0123] ,

[0124] in, This represents the amount of work done by the isothermal expansion of air. This indicates the air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; It represents atmospheric pressure.

[0125] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating energy storage density is:

[0126] ,

[0127] in, This indicates the energy storage density of a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0128] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the operation method embodiment of the pumped compressed air energy storage system also applies to the operation device of the pumped compressed air energy storage system in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] The operating device of the pumped-air compressed air energy storage system proposed in this application unifies the operating parameters of key equipment such as water pumps, turbines, compressors, expanders, and water-air co-containment chambers to achieve coordinated storage and release of water and air energy. It can fully combine the advantages of pumped-air energy storage and compressed-air energy storage, realize the joint regulation and efficient conversion of water and air energy, and thus effectively avoid the problem of strong dependence of pumped-air energy storage systems on terrain elevation differences while ensuring energy output stability. It expands the application range of energy storage systems in flat or terrain-restricted areas. At the same time, by introducing a water-air co-containment structure and optimizing the system parameter design with minimizing the chamber volume as the optimization goal, the total system volume and engineering construction cost can be effectively reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency and operating economy can be improved. It provides a feasible design scheme and technical path for the promotion and application of new hybrid energy storage systems.

[0130] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include:

[0131] The memory 401, the processor 402, and the computer program stored on the memory 401 and capable of running on the processor 402.

[0132] When the processor 402 executes the program, it implements the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system provided in the above embodiments.

[0133] Furthermore, electronic devices also include:

[0134] Communication interface 403 is used for communication between memory 401 and processor 402.

[0135] The memory 401 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 402.

[0136] Memory 401 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0137] If the memory 401, processor 402, and communication interface 403 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 403, memory 401, and processor 402 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0138] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 401, processor 402, and communication interface 403 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 401, processor 402, and communication interface 403 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0139] Processor 402 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0140] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for operating the pumped compressed air energy storage system.

[0141] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that can run computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system provided in this application.

[0142] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0143] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0144] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0145] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0146] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or more of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0147] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0148] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0149] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for operating a pumped compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that, The pumped compressed air energy storage system includes a water pump, a water turbine, a compressor unit, an expander unit, an upper water-air co-containment chamber, a lower water-air co-containment chamber, and corresponding valves and air drying and filtering devices. The method includes the following steps: When the pumped compressed air energy storage system is completed, gas is introduced into the upper water-gas co-containment chamber. During the energy storage process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the water pump and the compressor unit are controlled to work simultaneously to pump water from the lower water-air co-containment chamber into the upper water-air co-containment chamber, and at the same time, the compressor unit is controlled to compress air into the lower water-air co-containment chamber. During the energy release process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the water turbine and the expander unit are controlled to work simultaneously so that the water in the upper water-air co-containment chamber flows into the lower water-air co-containment chamber through the water turbine, and at the same time, the air in the lower water-air co-containment chamber generates electricity through the expander unit. Prior to the construction of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, the process also includes: calculating the system release energy of the pumped compressed air energy storage system; and optimizing the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system based on the system release energy by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber. The optimization of the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber includes: obtaining the energy storage density based on the electrical energy released by the water turbine and the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber; obtaining the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber based on the energy storage density; and configuring the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit according to the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber. The formula for calculating the electrical energy output of the water turbine is as follows: ， in, This indicates the electrical energy output of the water turbine. , These represent the minimum and maximum air pressure in the upper water-air co-containment chamber, respectively; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; Indicates the efficiency of the water turbine; The formula for calculating the work done by the isothermal expansion of air is: ， in, This represents the amount of work done by the isothermal expansion of air. This indicates the air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; Indicates atmospheric pressure; The formula for calculating the energy storage density is: ， in, This indicates the energy storage density of a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

2. An operating device for a pumped compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that, The pumped compressed air energy storage system includes a water pump, a water turbine, a compressor unit, an expander unit, an upper water-air co-containment chamber, a lower water-air co-containment chamber, and corresponding valves and air drying and filtering devices. The operating device includes: An inflation module is used to fill the upper water-gas co-containment chamber with gas when the pumped compressed air energy storage system is completed. The control module is used to control the water pump and the compressor unit to work simultaneously during the energy storage process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, so as to pump water from the lower water-air co-containment chamber into the upper water-air co-containment chamber, and at the same time, control the compressor unit to compress air into the lower water-air co-containment chamber. The operation module is used to control the water turbine and the expander unit to work simultaneously during the energy release process of the pumped compressed air energy storage system, so that the water in the upper water-air co-containment chamber flows into the lower water-air co-containment chamber through the water turbine, and at the same time, the air in the lower water-air co-containment chamber generates electricity through the expander unit. The operating device further includes: a calculation module for calculating the system energy released by the pumped compressed air energy storage system; and an optimization module for optimizing the design parameters of the pumped compressed air energy storage system based on the system energy released by minimizing the volume of the water-air co-containment chamber. The optimization module includes: a first acquisition unit, used to obtain the energy storage density based on the electrical energy released by the water turbine and the work done by the isothermal expansion of air, and the total volume of the water-air co-containment chamber of the system; a second acquisition unit, used to obtain the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber based on the energy storage density; and a configuration unit, used to configure the relevant parameters of the compressed air energy storage unit according to the air pressure inside the lower water-air co-containment chamber. The formula for calculating the electrical energy output of the water turbine is as follows: ， in, This indicates the electrical energy output of the water turbine. , These represent the minimum and maximum air pressure in the upper water-air co-containment chamber, respectively; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; Indicates the efficiency of the water turbine; The formula for calculating the work done by the isothermal expansion of air is: ， in, This represents the amount of work done by the isothermal expansion of air. This indicates the air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber; This indicates the volume within the water-air co-containment chamber; Indicates atmospheric pressure; The formula for calculating the energy storage density is: ， in, This indicates the energy storage density of a pumped compressed air energy storage system.

3. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system as described in claim 1.

4. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system as described in claim 1.

5. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed to implement the operation method of the pumped compressed air energy storage system as described in claim 1.

Images