A whole-time and whole-section soil pressure monitoring system for pipe jacking construction and a method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of whole time period, whole section earth pressure monitoring system and method of pipe jacking construction, and relates to the technical field of earth pressure monitoring, including distributed acquisition module, multi-source information acquisition module, fusion analysis module, management decision module and execution feedback module, the trend extrapolation model is used to predict the evolution trend of earth pressure, so that the system can actively warn and control before danger occurs, change post-repair to prevention, simultaneously build the complete closed loop of "perception-analysis-decision-execution-feedback", realize the intelligent operation of construction process, greatly reduce the dependence on artificial experience, the comprehensive risk index Q will current earth pressure, operation coordination and future risk depth be deeply fused, provide comprehensive and accurate quantitative basis for decision-making, the system can automatically switch between economic, early warning, control and protection four modes according to Q value and equipment health degree, both ensure construction safety, and can dynamically optimize construction efficiency under the premise of safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of earth pressure monitoring technology, and in particular to an earth pressure monitoring system and method for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction. Background Technology

[0002] Pipe jacking, a trenchless method for laying underground pipelines, is widely used in urban underground pipe network construction, tunnel engineering, and municipal infrastructure. This technology uses a hydraulic jacking system to push pipe sections into the soil one by one, forming a continuous underground passage. It offers advantages such as minimal impact on surface traffic and the environment, and high construction efficiency. However, pipe jacking construction faces challenges such as complex soil pressure distribution, variable geological conditions, and difficulty in real-time and precise control of construction parameters. Especially in sensitive environments such as soft soil, water-rich strata, or adjacent existing structures, improper soil pressure control can easily lead to engineering risks such as surface subsidence, tunnel face instability, and even collapse.

[0003] Currently, traditional earth pressure monitoring in pipe jacking construction relies heavily on localized pressure sensors or intermittent manual measurements. Data from various sensors is often collected independently and processed in a fragmented manner, creating "data silos." This lacks in-depth integration and correlation analysis of multi-source, heterogeneous information on face pressure, grouting pressure, jacking thrust, soil chamber pressure, and ground deformation. Consequently, the system can only provide fragmented descriptions of historical and current conditions, failing to establish a dynamic mapping model between earth pressure distribution and construction parameters and geological conditions. This makes it difficult to predict earth pressure trends and dynamically control construction parameters online. In long-distance, large-diameter pipe jacking projects or those traversing complex strata, geological conditions vary significantly along the route, and the dynamic response during construction is complex. This decision-making model based on lagging data and local experience is significantly less adaptable, not only hindering construction efficiency but also creating substantial engineering risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above situation, the present invention can transform safety control from a passive response to an active prevention through comprehensive risk assessment based on multi-source information fusion, thereby achieving automatic optimization and precise execution of construction parameters and improving construction efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution includes a distributed acquisition module, a multi-source information acquisition module, a fusion analysis module, a management decision-making module, and an execution feedback module.

[0006] The distributed acquisition module is deployed on the shield body of the pipe jacking machine and the subsequent segment structure to collect raw strain monitoring data in real time.

[0007] The multi-source information acquisition module synchronously collects construction parameter data and equipment operating status data of the jacking system. The construction parameter data includes jacking speed, jacking thrust, cutterhead torque, grouting pressure, and shield machine hinge angle.

[0008] The fusion analysis module is communicatively connected to the distributed acquisition module and the multi-source information acquisition module, and specifically performs the following calculation steps:

[0009] a. Data calculation and synchronization: The original strain monitoring data is calculated into real-time earth pressure values ​​of each node based on a predetermined physical relationship, and together with the time-aligned construction parameter data, they form a system state vector;

[0010] b. Trend extrapolation: Based on the system state vector in the time series, the estimated value of the earth pressure evolution at a specific future step is calculated using a preset deterministic trend extrapolation formula.

[0011] The management decision module quantifies current and future system risks through the calculation formula of the comprehensive risk index Q, and generates corresponding construction parameter control instructions based on the preset threshold range of the comprehensive risk index Q.

[0012] The execution feedback module receives the construction parameter adjustment command, converts it into a control signal that can drive the field equipment, and collects new strain data and construction parameter data within a preset time after the command is executed. This feedback data is then sent back to the fusion analysis module to form a closed-loop control.

[0013] Furthermore, the data calculation is based on the following formula:

[0014] P_i = K·(ε_i - ε_{i0}) + B;

[0015] Where P_i is the earth pressure value calculated by the i-th sensing unit, K is the calibration coefficient of the sensing unit, ε_i is the strain value collected in real time, ε_{i0} is the initial calibration value, and B is the environmental compensation coefficient.

[0016] Furthermore, the trend extrapolation is calculated using the following deterministic formula:

[0017] P_projected(t+Δt)=P_current(t)+ΔP;

[0018] ΔP=(P_current(t)-P_historical_avg(t-Δt))×(V_current / V_historical_avg)×K_geo;

[0019] Where: P_projected(t+Δt) is the estimated earth pressure at time t+Δt; P_current(t) is the measured earth pressure at time t; P_historical_avg(t-Δt) is the average earth pressure in the previous sampling period [t-2Δt, t-Δt]; V_current is the current jacking speed; V_historical_avg is the average jacking speed in the previous sampling period [t-2Δt, t-Δt]; and K_geo is the geological influence coefficient.

[0020] Furthermore, the rule for determining the value of the geological influence coefficient K_geo is as follows:

[0021] In soft soil layers: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.7 to 0.9;

[0022] In sandy soil layers: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.9 to 1.1;

[0023] In rock strata: K_geo takes values ​​from 1.1 to 1.5;

[0024] In composite formations: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.9 to 1.3.

[0025] Furthermore, the trend extrapolation also includes a stress change early warning mechanism:

[0026] A stress change warning is triggered when the following conditions are met simultaneously:

[0027] |P_current(t)-P_historical_avg(t-Δt)|>P_threshold;

[0028] And |V_current - V_historical_avg| > V_threshold;

[0029] Wherein, P_threshold is the earth pressure variation threshold, with a value of 0.5-1.0 bar; V_threshold is the jacking speed variation threshold, with a value of 5-10 mm / min;

[0030] When a pressure surge warning is triggered, a modified trend extrapolation formula is used:

[0031] P_projected(t+Δt)=P_current(t)+ΔP×K_alert;

[0032] Wherein, K_alert is the warning correction coefficient, with a value ranging from 1.5 to 2.0.

[0033] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the comprehensive risk index Q is as follows:

[0034] Q=(F_Current * F_Operation)^(1 / 2)*exp(λ*F_Future);

[0035] Where: F_Current is the current risk index calculated based on the current uniformity of earth pressure distribution; F_Future is the future risk index calculated based on the predicted earth pressure evolution; F_Operation is the operational coordination index calculated based on the deviation between the current construction parameters and the ideal parameter set; λ is the future risk amplification coefficient, which is a real number greater than 0; exp() is the natural exponential function;

[0036] The preset mode switching threshold in the management decision module is defined as follows:

[0037] Q1 is the threshold for the early warning monitoring mode. When Q≥Q1, the system considers there to be a potential risk and requires enhanced monitoring.

[0038] Q2 is the threshold for the active control mode. When Q≥Q2, the system considers the risk to be high and the construction parameters need to be actively adjusted.

[0039] Q3 is the threshold for the safety protection mode. When Q≥Q3, the system considers the risk to be extremely high and protective measures need to be taken.

[0040] And Q1, Q2, Q3 are real numbers, and satisfy 0 <Q1<Q2<Q3。

[0041] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the current risk indicator F_Current is as follows:

[0042] F_Current=(1 / N)*Σ_{i=1}^N[ max(0,(P_i-P_safe) / P_safe )]^2;

[0043] Where N is the total number of sensing units, P_i is the earth pressure value of the i-th unit, and P_safe is the earth pressure safety threshold preset by the system.

[0044] The formula for calculating the operational coordination index F_Operation is as follows:

[0045] F_Operation =1+Σ[w_i*((X_i-X_{i_opt}) / ΔX_{i_max})^2 ];

[0046] Where X_i represents the actual value of the i-th construction parameter, X_{i_opt} represents the optimal setting value of the parameter under the current geological conditions; ΔX_{i_max} represents the maximum allowable deviation of the parameter; and w_i represents the weighting coefficient of the parameter.

[0047] The formula for calculating the future risk indicator F_Future is as follows:

[0048] F_Future=max(0,(P_projected_max-P_safe) / P_safe);

[0049] Where P_projected_max is the maximum value of the estimated earth pressure at all nodes within a specific future step.

[0050] Furthermore, the management decision-making module selects and executes the control mode according to the comprehensive risk index Q according to the following rules:

[0051] When (Q≥Q3) or (F_Health < H_critical), the system enters the safety protection mode, generates and executes a shutdown command, and triggers the highest level of audible and visual alarm. Here, H_critical is the critical threshold for device health, and F_Health is the device health index calculated based on the device's operating status data.

[0052] When the safety protection mode conditions are not met, but (Q≥Q2) or (dQ / dt≥R_alarm) is satisfied, the active control mode is entered, and instructions to reduce the jacking speed or adjust the grouting pressure are generated and executed, where dQ / dt is the risk index change rate and R_alarm is its alarm threshold.

[0053] When the above mode conditions are not met, but (Q≥Q1) or (F_Health< H_optimal) is satisfied, the warning monitoring mode is entered, parameter optimization suggestion instructions are generated and the operator is prompted to confirm, where H_optimal is the optimal operating threshold for device health.

[0054] In other cases, the system enters the economic construction mode, generating and executing jacking speed optimization commands aimed at improving construction efficiency or reducing energy consumption.

[0055] Furthermore, it includes the following steps:

[0056] S1: Synchronously collect raw strain monitoring data, construction parameter data, and equipment operating status data;

[0057] S2: Perform spatiotemporal synchronization and calculation on the data to obtain real-time earth pressure values;

[0058] S3: Based on current and historical data and construction parameters, calculate the estimated value of earth pressure evolution using a deterministic trend extrapolation formula;

[0059] S4: Based on real-time earth pressure values, construction parameters, and estimated values, calculate the comprehensive risk index Q, and generate control instructions according to its threshold range;

[0060] S5: Executes instructions and collects feedback data to achieve closed-loop control.

[0061] Furthermore, in step S4, the calculation of the comprehensive risk index Q depends simultaneously on the current risk indicator F_Current, the future risk indicator F_Future, and the operational coordination indicator F_Operation.

[0062] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art;

[0063] 1. By predicting the evolution trend of earth pressure through trend extrapolation models, the system can proactively warn and control the situation before it occurs, transforming post-event remediation into pre-event prevention. At the same time, it constructs a complete closed loop of "perception-analysis-decision-execution-feedback" to achieve intelligent operation of the construction process and significantly reduce reliance on human experience.

[0064] 2. The comprehensive risk index Q deeply integrates current earth pressure, operational coordination, and future risks, providing a comprehensive and accurate quantitative basis for decision-making. The system can automatically switch between four modes—economic, early warning, control, and protection—based on the Q value and equipment health, ensuring construction safety while dynamically optimizing construction efficiency under the premise of safety. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the module flow chart of the earth pressure monitoring system and method for full-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for a full-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring system and method for pipe jacking construction according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The foregoing and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are described in conjunction with the appendix below. Figures 1 to 2 The detailed description of the embodiments will make this clear. All structural details mentioned in the following embodiments are based on the accompanying drawings.

[0068] Example 1, based on existing technology, includes a distributed acquisition module, a multi-source information acquisition module, a fusion analysis module, a management decision-making module, and an execution feedback module:

[0069] The distributed acquisition module is deployed on the shield body of the pipe jacking machine and the subsequent segment structure to collect raw strain monitoring data in real time.

[0070] The multi-source information acquisition module synchronously collects construction parameter data and equipment operating status data of the jacking system. The construction parameter data includes jacking speed, jacking thrust, cutterhead torque, grouting pressure, and shield machine hinge angle.

[0071] The fusion analysis module is communicatively connected to the distributed acquisition module and the multi-source information acquisition module, and specifically performs the following calculation steps:

[0072] a. Data calculation and synchronization: The original strain monitoring data is calculated into real-time earth pressure values ​​of each node based on a predetermined physical relationship, and together with the time-aligned construction parameter data, they form a system state vector;

[0073] b. Trend extrapolation: Based on the system state vector in the time series, the estimated value of the earth pressure evolution at a specific future step is calculated using a preset deterministic trend extrapolation formula.

[0074] The management decision module quantifies current and future system risks through the calculation formula of the comprehensive risk index Q, and generates corresponding construction parameter control instructions based on the preset threshold range of the comprehensive risk index Q.

[0075] The execution feedback module receives the construction parameter adjustment command, converts it into a control signal that can drive the field equipment, and collects new strain data and construction parameter data within a preset time after the command is executed. This feedback data is then sent back to the fusion analysis module to form a closed-loop control.

[0076] Furthermore, the data calculation is based on the following formula:

[0077] P_i = K·(ε_i - ε_{i0}) + B;

[0078] Where P_i is the earth pressure value calculated by the i-th sensing unit, K is the calibration coefficient of the sensing unit, ε_i is the strain value collected in real time, ε_{i0} is the initial calibration value, and B is the environmental compensation coefficient.

[0079] The trend extrapolation is calculated using the following deterministic formula:

[0080] P_projected(t+Δt)=P_current(t)+ΔP;

[0081] ΔP=(P_current(t)-P_historical_avg(t-Δt))×(V_current / V_historical_avg)×K_geo;

[0082] Where: P_projected(t+Δt) is the estimated earth pressure at time t+Δt; P_current(t) is the measured earth pressure at time t; P_historical_avg(t-Δt) is the average earth pressure in the previous sampling period [t-2Δt, t-Δt]; V_current is the current jacking speed; V_historical_avg is the average jacking speed in the previous sampling period [t-2Δt, t-Δt]; and K_geo is the geological influence coefficient.

[0083] Furthermore, the rule for determining the value of the geological influence coefficient K_geo is as follows:

[0084] In soft soil layers: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.7 to 0.9;

[0085] In sandy soil layers: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.9 to 1.1;

[0086] In rock strata: K_geo takes values ​​from 1.1 to 1.5;

[0087] In composite formations: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.9 to 1.3.

[0088] Furthermore, the trend extrapolation also includes a stress change early warning mechanism:

[0089] A stress change warning is triggered when the following conditions are met simultaneously:

[0090] |P_current(t)-P_historical_avg(t-Δt)|>P_threshold;

[0091] And |V_current - V_historical_avg| > V_threshold;

[0092] Wherein, P_threshold is the earth pressure variation threshold, with a value of 0.5-1.0 bar; V_threshold is the jacking speed variation threshold, with a value of 5-10 mm / min;

[0093] When a pressure surge warning is triggered, a modified trend extrapolation formula is used:

[0094] P_projected(t+Δt)=P_current(t)+ΔP×K_alert;

[0095] Wherein, K_alert is the warning correction coefficient, with a value ranging from 1.5 to 2.0.

[0096] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the comprehensive risk index Q is as follows:

[0097] Q=(F_Current * F_Operation)^(1 / 2)*exp(λ*F_Future);

[0098] Where: F_Current is the current risk index calculated based on the current uniformity of earth pressure distribution; F_Future is the future risk index calculated based on the predicted earth pressure evolution; F_Operation is the operational coordination index calculated based on the deviation between the current construction parameters and the ideal parameter set; λ is the future risk amplification coefficient, which is a real number greater than 0; exp() is the natural exponential function;

[0099] The preset mode switching threshold in the management decision module is defined as follows:

[0100] Q1 is the threshold for the early warning monitoring mode. When Q≥Q1, the system considers there to be a potential risk and requires enhanced monitoring.

[0101] Q2 is the threshold for the active control mode. When Q≥Q2, the system considers the risk to be high and the construction parameters need to be actively adjusted.

[0102] Q3 is the threshold for the safety protection mode. When Q≥Q3, the system considers the risk to be extremely high and protective measures need to be taken.

[0103] And Q1, Q2, Q3 are real numbers, and satisfy 0 <Q1<Q2<Q3。

[0104] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the current risk indicator F_Current is as follows:

[0105] F_Current=(1 / N)*Σ_{i=1}^N [ max(0,(P_i-P_safe) / P_safe )]^2;

[0106] Where N is the total number of sensing units, P_i is the earth pressure value of the i-th unit, and P_safe is the earth pressure safety threshold preset by the system.

[0107] The formula for calculating the operational coordination index F_Operation is as follows:

[0108] F_Operation =1+Σ[w_i*((X_i-X_{i_opt}) / ΔX_{i_max})^2 ];

[0109] Where X_i represents the actual value of the i-th construction parameter, X_{i_opt} represents the optimal setting value of the parameter under the current geological conditions; ΔX_{i_max} represents the maximum allowable deviation of the parameter; and w_i represents the weighting coefficient of the parameter.

[0110] The formula for calculating the future risk indicator F_Future is as follows:

[0111] F_Future=max(0,(P_projected_max-P_safe) / P_safe);

[0112] Where P_projected_max is the maximum value of the estimated earth pressure at all nodes within a specific future step.

[0113] Furthermore, the management decision-making module selects and executes the control mode according to the comprehensive risk index Q according to the following rules:

[0114] When (Q≥Q3) or (F_Health < H_critical), the system enters the safety protection mode, generates and executes a shutdown command, and triggers the highest level of audible and visual alarm. Here, H_critical is the critical threshold for device health, and F_Health is the device health index calculated based on the device's operating status data.

[0115] When the safety protection mode conditions are not met, but (Q≥Q2) or (dQ / dt≥R_alarm) is satisfied, the active control mode is entered, and instructions to reduce the jacking speed or adjust the grouting pressure are generated and executed, where dQ / dt is the risk index change rate and R_alarm is its alarm threshold.

[0116] When the above mode conditions are not met, but (Q≥Q1) or (F_Health< H_optimal) is satisfied, the warning monitoring mode is entered, parameter optimization suggestion instructions are generated and the operator is prompted to confirm, where H_optimal is the optimal operating threshold for device health.

[0117] In other cases, the system enters the economic construction mode, generating and executing jacking speed optimization commands aimed at improving construction efficiency or reducing energy consumption.

[0118] The execution feedback module includes an instruction parsing unit, a protocol adaptation unit, an execution monitoring unit, and an effect evaluation unit;

[0119] The instruction parsing unit receives construction parameter control instructions issued by the management decision module and parses out the target equipment identifier, instruction type, and control parameters. The target equipment identifier includes the jacking hydraulic system, grouting system, and cutterhead drive system. The instruction type includes absolute setting instructions and relative adjustment instructions. The control parameters include the target jacking speed value, the target grouting pressure value, and the target cutterhead torque value.

[0120] The protocol adaptation unit is connected to the instruction parsing unit and converts the parsed control parameters into industrial communication protocol data frames that match the local controller of the target device; the industrial communication protocols include PROFIBUS-DP protocol and Modbus TCP / IP protocol;

[0121] The execution monitoring unit is connected to the protocol adaptation unit. It sends the formatted instructions to the corresponding field device controller through the industrial bus network and monitors the feedback signals of key execution components within a 2-second time limit to verify whether the instructions are successfully executed. When the instructions fail to execute, the unit records the fault information and reports it to the management decision module.

[0122] Within a 30-second time window after the successful execution of the control command, the effect evaluation unit collects new strain monitoring data from the distributed sensing array and new construction parameter data from the multi-source information acquisition module to form a feedback dataset, and sends this feedback dataset back to the fusion analysis module.

[0123] The execution feedback module forms a closed-loop control through the above operations: the fusion analysis module updates the system state vector using feedback data, and the management decision module evaluates the effectiveness of the control strategy and optimizes the control parameters based on the feedback data.

[0124] The equipment health index F_Health is calculated by the fusion analysis module based on the equipment operating status data, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0125] F_Health = (1 / M) * Σ_{j=1}^M H_device_j

[0126] H_device_j = 1 - [ δ_1 * (N_switch_j / N_max_j) + δ_2 * ((T_junc_j -T_room) / (T_max_j - T_room)) ]

[0127] Where: M is the number of key devices being monitored;

[0128] H_device_j is the health sub-index of the j-th device;

[0129] N_switch_j represents the cumulative number of switching operations on the capacitor bank in the j-th device;

[0130] N_max_j is the maximum allowable number of switching operations for the capacitor bank of the j-th device.

[0131] T_junc_j is the real-time junction temperature of the power device in the j-th device;

[0132] T_room represents the ambient temperature;

[0133] T_max_j is the maximum allowable junction temperature of the power device in the j-th device;

[0134] δ_1 and δ_2 are weighting coefficients, and satisfy δ_1 + δ_2 = 1.

[0135] Furthermore, it includes the following steps:

[0136] S1: Synchronously collect raw strain monitoring data, construction parameter data, and equipment operating status data;

[0137] S2: Perform spatiotemporal synchronization and calculation on the data to obtain real-time earth pressure values;

[0138] S3: Based on current and historical data and construction parameters, calculate the estimated value of earth pressure evolution using a deterministic trend extrapolation formula;

[0139] S4: Based on real-time earth pressure values, construction parameters, and estimated values, calculate the comprehensive risk index Q, and generate control instructions according to its threshold range;

[0140] S5: Executes instructions and collects feedback data to achieve closed-loop control.

[0141] Furthermore, in step S4, the calculation of the comprehensive risk index Q depends simultaneously on the current risk indicator F_Current, the future risk indicator F_Future, and the operational coordination indicator F_Operation.

[0142] The distributed sensing array adopts a fiber optic grating sensor network, and the specific configuration is as follows: Three rings of sensors are arranged in a ring on the outer surface of the shield shell of the pipe jacking machine, with 8 sensing points evenly distributed in each ring, for a total of 24 measuring points;

[0143] Twelve sensor points are arranged radially on the cutter head panel;

[0144] Sixteen sensor points are arranged in a grid pattern on the earthen partition.

[0145] On the inner wall of the subsequently installed tunnel segment structure, one ring of sensors is installed every three rings, with four measuring points per ring;

[0146] All sensors are connected in series via optical fiber to the fiber optic demodulator, with a sampling frequency set to 100Hz and an accuracy of ±1μɛ.

[0147] The multi-source information acquisition module is connected to the controllers of each subsystem via an industrial bus: jacking speed acquisition: real-time jacking speed is read from the PLC of the jacking hydraulic system, with a range of 0-100 mm / min and an accuracy of ±0.5 mm / min;

[0148] Thrust acquisition: Acquired by a pressure sensor installed on the jack, with a range of 0-30000kN and an accuracy of ±100kN;

[0149] Cutter head torque acquisition: Read torque current signal from the cutter head drive motor frequency converter, range 0-5000kN·m, accuracy ±50kN·m;

[0150] Grouting pressure acquisition: obtained through a pressure transmitter in the grouting pipeline, with a range of 0-10 bar and an accuracy of ±0.1 bar;

[0151] Articulation angle acquisition: read from the shield machine attitude measurement system, range ±2°, accuracy ±0.01°;

[0152] The equipment operating status data includes the main drive motor current, gearbox oil temperature, and hydraulic oil temperature, with a sampling frequency of 10Hz.

[0153] In specific use of this invention, based on existing technology and normal construction process, step 1: system initialization, all sensors self-test, read geological parameters, and set initial construction parameters;

[0154] Step 2: Start the jacking process, and the distributed sensing array collects strain data in real time (sampling frequency 100Hz);

[0155] Step 3: The multi-source information acquisition module synchronously acquires construction parameters (sampling frequency 10Hz);

[0156] Step 4: The fusion analysis module performs trend prediction every 5 seconds;

[0157] Step 5: The management decision-making module calculates the risk index Q every 2 seconds;

[0158] Step 6: Adjust the control mode in real time based on the Q value;

[0159] Step 7: Execute the feedback module to monitor the execution effect of the instructions and update the system status.

[0160] Abnormal handling procedure, abnormal situation: earth pressure in a certain area suddenly increases by 20%;

[0161] System response:

[0162] 1. The trend extrapolation module predicts that pressure will continue to rise;

[0163] 2. The risk index Q rose from 0.08 to 0.22;

[0164] 3. The system switches from early warning and monitoring mode to active control mode;

[0165] 4. Execute the command to reduce the jacking speed (50→30mm / min);

[0166] 5. Monitor pressure changes; if the pressure continues to rise, enter safety protection mode.

[0167] The above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to this. For those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains and related fields, any extensions, operation methods, and data substitutions made based on the technical solution concept of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring system for pipe jacking construction, characterized in that, It includes a distributed acquisition module, a multi-source information acquisition module, a fusion analysis module, a management decision-making module, and an execution feedback module; The distributed acquisition module is deployed on the shield body of the pipe jacking machine and the subsequent segment structure to collect raw strain monitoring data in real time. The multi-source information acquisition module synchronously collects construction parameter data and equipment operating status data of the jacking system. The construction parameter data includes jacking speed, jacking thrust, cutterhead torque, grouting pressure, and shield machine hinge angle. The fusion analysis module is communicatively connected to the distributed acquisition module and the multi-source information acquisition module, and specifically performs the following calculation steps: a. Data calculation and synchronization: The original strain monitoring data is calculated into real-time earth pressure values ​​of each node based on predetermined physical relationships, and together with the time-aligned construction parameter data, they form a system state vector; b. Trend extrapolation: Based on the system state vector of the time series, the estimated value of the earth pressure evolution at a specific step in the future is calculated through a preset deterministic trend extrapolation formula. The management decision module quantifies current and future system risks through the calculation formula of the comprehensive risk index Q, and generates corresponding construction parameter control instructions based on the preset threshold range of the comprehensive risk index Q. The execution feedback module receives the construction parameter adjustment command, converts it into a control signal that can drive the field equipment, and collects new strain data and construction parameter data within a preset time after the command is executed. The feedback data is then sent back to the fusion analysis module to form a closed-loop control. The trend extrapolation is calculated using the following deterministic formula: P_projected(t+Δt)=P_current(t)+ΔP; ΔP=(P_current(t)-P_historical_avg(t-Δt))×(V_current / V_historical_avg)×K_geo; Where: P_projected(t+Δt) is the estimated earth pressure at time t+Δt; P_current(t) is the measured earth pressure at time t; P_historical_avg(t-Δt) is the average earth pressure in the previous sampling period [t-2Δt, t-Δt]; V_current is the current jacking speed; V_historical_avg is the average jacking speed in the previous sampling period [t-2Δt, t-Δt]; K_geo is the geological influence coefficient; The formula for calculating the comprehensive risk index Q is as follows: Q=(F_Current*F_Operation)^(1 / 2)*exp(λ*F_Future); Where: F_Current is the current risk index calculated based on the current uniformity of earth pressure distribution; F_Future is the future risk index calculated based on the predicted earth pressure evolution; F_Operation is the operational coordination index calculated based on the deviation between the current construction parameters and the ideal parameter set; λ is the future risk amplification coefficient, which is a real number greater than 0; exp() is the natural exponential function.

2. The earth pressure monitoring system for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data calculation is based on the following formula: P_i = K·(ε_i - ε_{i0}) + B; Where P_i is the earth pressure value calculated by the i-th sensing unit, K is the calibration coefficient of the sensing unit, ε_i is the strain value collected in real time, ε_{i0} is the initial calibration value, and B is the environmental compensation coefficient.

3. The earth pressure monitoring system for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rule for determining the value of the geological influence coefficient K_geo is as follows: In soft soil layers: K_geo takes values ​​from 0.7 to 0.9; In sandy soil layers: K_geo ranges from 0.9 to 1.1; In rock strata: K_geo takes values ​​from 1.1 to 1.5; In composite formations: K_geo ranges from 0.9 to 1.

3.

4. The earth pressure monitoring system for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The trend extrapolation also includes a stress change early warning mechanism: A stress change warning is triggered when the following conditions are met simultaneously: |P_current(t)-P_historical_avg(t-Δt)|>P_threshold; And |V_current-V_historical_avg|>V_threshold; Wherein, P_threshold is the earth pressure variation threshold, with a value of 0.5-1.0 bar; V_threshold is the jacking speed variation threshold, with a value of 5-10 mm / min; When a pressure surge warning is triggered, a modified trend extrapolation formula is used: P_projected(t+Δt)=P_current(t)+ΔP×K_alert; Wherein, K_alert is the warning correction coefficient, with a value ranging from 1.5 to 2.

0.

5. The earth pressure monitoring system for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset mode switching threshold in the management decision module is defined as follows: Q1 is the threshold for the early warning monitoring mode. When Q≥Q1, the system considers there to be a potential risk and requires enhanced monitoring. Q2 is the threshold for the active control mode. When Q≥Q2, the system considers the risk to be high and the construction parameters need to be actively adjusted. Q3 is the threshold for the security protection mode. When Q≥Q3, the system considers the risk to be extremely high and protective measures need to be taken. And Q1, Q2, Q3 are real numbers, and satisfy 0 <Q1<Q2<Q3。 6. The earth pressure monitoring system for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the current risk indicator F_Current is as follows: F_Current=(1 / N)*Σ_{i=1}^N[max(0,(P_i-P_safe) / P_safe)]^2; Where N is the total number of sensing units, P_i is the earth pressure value of the i-th unit, and P_safe is the earth pressure safety threshold preset by the system. The calculation formula for the operation coordination index F_Operation is as follows: F_Operation = 1 + Σ[w_i * ((X_i - X_{i_opt}) / ΔX_{i_max})^2]; where, X_i represents the actual value of the i-th construction parameter, X_{i_opt} represents the optimal set value of this parameter under the current geological conditions; ΔX_{i_max} represents the maximum allowable deviation of this parameter; w_i represents the weight coefficient of this parameter; The calculation formula for the future risk index F_Future is as follows: F_Future = max(0, (P_projected_max - P_safe) / P_safe); where, P_projected_max is the maximum value of the predicted soil pressure of all nodes within a specific future step length.

7. The earth pressure monitoring system for all-time, full-section earth pressure monitoring during pipe jacking construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rules for the management decision-making module to select and execute the control mode according to the comprehensive risk index Q are as follows: When (Q ≥ Q3) or (F_Health < H_critical), enter the safety protection mode, generate and execute the shutdown instruction, and at the same time trigger the highest-level sound and light alarm, where H_critical is the critical threshold of the equipment health degree, and F_Health is the equipment health degree index calculated based on the equipment operation status data; When the conditions for the safety protection mode are not met and (Q ≥ Q2) or (dQ / dt ≥ R_alarm) is satisfied, enter the active regulation mode, generate and execute the instruction to reduce the jacking speed or adjust the grouting pressure, where dQ / dt is the change rate of the risk index, and R_alarm is its alarm threshold; When the above mode conditions are not met and (Q ≥ Q1) or (F_Health < H_optimal) is satisfied, enter the early warning monitoring mode, generate the parameter optimization suggestion instruction and prompt the operator to confirm, where H_optimal is the optimal operation threshold of the equipment health degree; In other cases, enter the economic construction mode, generate and execute the jacking speed optimization instruction aiming to improve the construction efficiency or reduce the energy consumption.

8. A method for monitoring earth pressure throughout the entire time period and across the entire cross-section during pipe jacking construction, applicable to any of the systems described in claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Synchronously collect the original strain monitoring data, construction parameter data and equipment operation status data; S2: Perform spatio-temporal synchronization and calculation on the data to obtain the real-time soil pressure value; S3: Based on the current and historical data and construction parameters, calculate the predicted value of the soil pressure evolution through the deterministic trend extrapolation formula; S4: Based on the real-time soil pressure value, construction parameters and predicted value, calculate the comprehensive risk index Q, and generate the regulation instruction according to its threshold interval; S5: Execute the instruction and collect the feedback data to achieve closed-loop control.

9. The method for monitoring earth pressure during pipe jacking construction throughout all time periods and across all cross-sections according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the calculation of the comprehensive risk index Q depends on the current risk index F_Current, the future risk index F_Future and the operation coordination index F_Operation at the same time.

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