A pressure regulating structure and its application in a pressure-limiting electrically controlled brake master valve and vehicle

Abstract

This invention discloses a pressure regulating structure and a pressure-limiting electrically controlled brake master valve and vehicle using the same. The structure includes a valve body, a piston drive assembly, and two valve assemblies. The valve body has an internal cavity with multiple partitions. The piston drive assembly, disposed within the valve body cavity, includes a first piston, a push rod, and multiple elastic limiting elements. The bottom of the first piston's internal cavity has multiple steps of different heights. The push rod is slidably disposed within the first piston. Multiple elastic limiting elements are arranged along an axis below the push rod, with their bottoms fixed to the steps of different heights within the first piston. The two valve assemblies are coaxially arranged sequentially below the first piston. The first piston can sequentially push the limiting valve cores of each valve assembly along its axis. Each valve assembly cooperates with a partition in the valve body to form a corresponding chamber and controls the opening and closing of the chamber with the external air passage. This invention solves the problems of complex structure, poor adaptability, and heavy braking burden of existing electrically controlled brake master valves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric brake master valve technology, specifically relating to a pneumatic pressure regulating structure and a pressure-limiting electric brake master valve and vehicle using the same. Background Technology

[0002] With the rise of new energy commercial vehicles, traditional brake master valves are gradually being phased out by the market because they cannot meet the needs of coordinated electronic control and energy recovery.

[0003] As an upgraded replacement for the traditional brake master valve, the electronically controlled brake master valve retains the excellent linear braking performance of the traditional brake master valve while adding voltage signal output capability. It can achieve both traditional braking and efficient energy recovery. However, the electronically controlled brake master valve still has obvious technical defects: the overall size of the electronically controlled brake master valve is relatively large, and its installation layout is not flexible enough, making it difficult to perfectly adapt to the pedal structure of various vehicle models; in addition, the existing electronically controlled brake master valve also has the problem of requiring too much pedal force, which increases the burden of braking operation on the driver. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a pressure regulating structure, a pressure-limiting electrically controlled brake master valve using the same, and a vehicle.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: Firstly, a pressure regulating structure is provided, comprising: The valve body has multiple baffles in its internal cavity; A piston drive assembly for controlling the opening and closing of the air passage is disposed in the cavity of the valve body, including a first piston, a push rod and multiple elastic limiting elements. The first piston has a first cavity, and the bottom of the first cavity has multiple steps of different heights. The push rod is slidably disposed in the first piston, and the multiple elastic limiting elements are disposed along the axis below the push rod and their bottoms are respectively fixed on the steps of different heights in the first piston. Two valve assemblies, namely the first valve assembly and the second valve assembly, are coaxially arranged below the first piston. The first piston can sequentially push the limiting valve cores of each valve assembly along the axis. Each valve assembly cooperates with the partition of the valve body to form a corresponding chamber. Each valve assembly serves as a switch connecting the chamber to the corresponding external air passage. Wherein, the cavity formed by the partition between the first valve assembly and the valve body is a first chamber, and the first chamber is connected to the third chamber, which serves as an external gas passage, to form a first gas circuit; the cavity formed by the partition between the second valve assembly and the valve body is a second chamber, and the second chamber is connected to the fourth chamber, which serves as an external gas passage, to form a second gas circuit; the partition inside the valve body is provided with a gas passage connecting the third chamber and the limiting valve core of the first valve assembly.

[0006] In some embodiments, the push rod pushes the elastic limiting element and the first piston to move along the axis until they contact the limiting valve core of the first valve assembly. At this time, both the first chamber and the second chamber are in a closed state. Then, the piston drive assembly drives the limiting valve core of the first valve assembly to continue moving along the axis until it contacts the limiting valve core of the second valve assembly. At this time, the first chamber is in an open state and the second chamber is in a closed state. Then, the piston drive assembly drives the limiting valve cores of the two valve assemblies to continue moving along the axis to a designated position. At this time, the first chamber and the second chamber are in an open state.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first valve assembly includes: A first valve seat is fixed inside the valve body by a partition of the valve body and is located below the piston drive assembly; and The first limiting valve core includes a first piston assembly, a first elastic element, and a first limiting valve. The first piston assembly is disposed below the first valve seat and passes through the first valve seat and is slidably connected to the first piston. The first elastic element is disposed on the first piston assembly. The first limiting valve is disposed on top of the first elastic element and located on the first piston assembly. The first limiting valve can reciprocate along the axial direction under the drive of the first piston assembly and the first elastic element.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second valve assembly includes: The second valve seat is fixed inside the valve body by a partition plate of the valve body and is located below the first valve seat. The second elastic element is fitted onto the outer side of the second valve seat. The second limiting valve core is disposed between the first piston assembly and the second valve seat, and includes a second elastic element and a second limiting valve. The second elastic element is disposed on the second valve seat. The second limiting valve is disposed on top of the second elastic element and located on the second valve seat. The second limiting valve can reciprocate along the axial direction under the drive of the first piston assembly.

[0009] Secondly, a pressure-limiting electrically controlled master valve is provided, which, in addition to the aforementioned pneumatic pressure regulating structure, also includes: A Hall sensor for achieving air pressure feedback and energy recovery is mounted on the valve body and includes a housing, a permanent magnet assembly, a signal processor, and a connector. The housing is located on the outside of the valve body and has a guide groove inside. At least a portion of the permanent magnet assembly is disposed within the guide groove and connected to the piston drive assembly. The permanent magnet assembly can reciprocate along the guide groove under the drive of the piston drive assembly. The signal processor is disposed parallel to and spaced apart from the permanent magnet assembly within the housing, and is used to monitor the motion state of the permanent magnet assembly and convert the corresponding air pressure changes into electrical signals. The connector is located on the outside of the housing and is electrically connected to the signal processor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the signal processor employs a dual Hall effect chip circuit board, which can synchronously generate analog voltage and switching signals based on the same magnetic field, supports setting analog quantity curves and switching curves through a program, and can output corresponding electrical signal curves according to changes in the magnetic field.

[0011] In some embodiments, the push rod pushes the piston drive assembly and the permanent magnet assembly to move along the axis. When the piston drive assembly pushes the first limit valve to a designated position, the first gas circuit is in a connected state, allowing compressed air to enter the third chamber from the first chamber. Subsequently, the air pressure inside the third chamber acts on the lower end of the piston drive assembly and pushes the piston drive assembly back to its original position along the axis. At this time, the first gas circuit is in a disconnected state.

[0012] In some embodiments, the gas inside the third chamber acts on the upper end of the first piston assembly through the gas passage and pushes the first piston assembly and the second limit valve to move along the axis to a designated position. At this time, the second gas circuit is in a connected state, allowing compressed air to enter the fourth chamber from the second chamber. Subsequently, the gas pressure in the third chamber continues to act on the lower end of the first piston assembly and pushes the first piston assembly back to its original position along the axis. At this time, the second gas circuit is in a disconnected state.

[0013] Thirdly, a vehicle is provided, including the aforementioned pressure-limiting electrically controlled brake master valve.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The first piston inside the piston drive assembly adopts a stepped design, which optimizes the force-bearing area. Through the synergistic effect of multiple elastic limiting elements and the stepped structure inside the piston drive assembly, the pedal force required for braking is reduced, making it have a lower operating force requirement compared to the traditional pressure-limiting brake master valve. The entire piston drive assembly has a simple structure, is easy to assemble, and helps to reduce the overall volume of the pressure-limiting electronic brake master valve. At the same time, the air pressure regulating structure integrated in the pressure-limiting brake master valve has multiple pressure-limiting units, which can adapt to high-pressure pipelines of different specifications and pedal structures of various vehicle models, and effectively reduce the driver's braking operation burden. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure-limiting electrically controlled master valve provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Hall sensor provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the Hall sensor provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] This invention provides a pneumatic pressure regulating structure that solves the problems of complex structure, large weight, poor adaptability, and heavy braking burden of the electronically controlled brake master valve in new energy commercial vehicles. This invention also provides a pressure-limiting electronically controlled brake master valve using this pneumatic pressure regulating structure, and a vehicle using this pressure-limiting electronically controlled brake master valve.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the air pressure regulating structure 10 includes a valve body 101, a piston drive assembly 102, and two valve assemblies 103.

[0020] The valve body 101 has an internal cavity with multiple baffles; in one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the valve body 101 includes an upper valve body 1011, a lower valve body 1012, and a guide seat 1013. Both sides of the upper valve body 1011 and the lower valve body 1012 are fixed by hexagonal head bolts and flat washer assemblies 1014, together forming the cavity of the valve body 101. An O-ring seal is provided at the connection between the upper valve body 1011 and the lower valve body 1012. Both the upper valve body 1011 and the lower valve body 1012 have cylindrical partitions extending along the axial direction and hollow at the top, namely a first partition 1015 and a second partition 1016. A first partition 1015 and a second partition 1016 are used to install two valve assemblies 103 respectively; a silencer seat 1017 is installed at the bottom of the lower valve body 1012, and a silencer mesh 1018 is set inside the silencer seat 1017 to reduce the noise generated when the machine is working; a guide seat 1013 is fixed to the variable cross section of the upper valve body 1011 by a wire retaining ring and a washer 1019, and an O-ring is installed in the cavity formed between the guide seat 1013 and the variable cross section of the upper valve body 1011 to reduce the air pressure area and thus reduce the pedal force.

[0021] The piston drive assembly 102, used to control the opening and closing of the air passage, is disposed within the cavity of the valve body 101 and includes a first piston 1021, a push rod 1022, and multiple elastic limiting elements 1023. The first piston 1021 has a first cavity, the bottom of which has multiple steps of different heights. The push rod 1022 is slidably disposed within the first piston 1021. The multiple elastic limiting elements 1023 are all disposed along the axis below the push rod 1022, and their bottoms are respectively fixed on the steps of different heights within the first piston 1021. In one embodiment, as shown... Figure 1As shown, the piston drive assembly 102 includes a first piston 1021, a push rod 1022, a piston return spring 1024, a first spring 1023a, and a second spring 1023b. The first piston 1021 has a first cavity inside, with the bottom center of the first cavity protruding upwards, thus forming grooves on both sides. A plastic ball 1025 is installed at the center of the bottom surface of the outer wall of the first piston 1021 via a positioning seat 1026. In addition, a piston ring 1043 is fitted onto the outer wall of the first piston 1021 via multiple guide rings. Multiple O-rings are provided on the contact surface between the first piston 1021 and the piston ring 1043 to ensure the sealing performance of the entire piston structure. The push rod 1022 is located at the top of the first piston 1021, and the top end of the push rod 1022 is fixed to the top of the upper valve body 1011 via a pressure plate 1027. An O-ring and an elastic retaining ring 1028 are provided between the push rod 1022 and the pressure plate 1027. A dust cover 1029 is also installed on the pressure plate 1027 to prevent impurities from entering. The lower end of the piston ring 1043 is fixed to the guide seat 1013 by an O-ring and a guide ring. The piston return spring 1024 is fitted on the outer wall of the piston ring 1043 and its bottom is fixed to the washer 1019 of the guide seat 1013, so that the piston ring 1043 can slide back and forth in the upper valve body 1011 under the drive of the first piston 1021. The push rod 1022 is sealed to the top of the piston ring 1043 by an elastic retaining ring. The first spring 1023a and the second spring 1023b are both set in the first piston 1021 and their tops are connected to the push rod 1022. The bottom of the first spring 1023a is set in the groove at the bottom of the first piston 1021 by the first washer 1041, and the bottom of the second spring 1023b is set on the bottom surface of the first piston 1021 by the second washer 1042.

[0022] Two valve assemblies 103 are coaxially arranged below the first piston 1021. The first piston 1021 can sequentially push the limit valve cores of each valve assembly along the axis. Each valve assembly cooperates with the partition of the valve body 101 to form a corresponding chamber. Each valve assembly acts as a switch connecting the chamber to the corresponding external air passage. The two valve assemblies 103 are the first valve assembly 1031 and the second valve assembly 1032. The cavity formed by the first valve assembly 1031 and the partition of the valve body 101 is the first chamber B, and the cavity formed by the second valve assembly 1032 and the partition of the valve body 101 is the second chamber E.

[0023] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the two valve assemblies 103 are a first valve assembly 1031 and a second valve assembly 1032. The first valve assembly 1031 includes a first valve seat 1031a and a first limiting valve core 1031b. The first valve seat 1031a is a hollow circular base with first baffles 1033a symmetrically arranged along its axis. The bottom of the first valve seat 1031a is fixedly connected to a first partition 1015 via an elastic retaining ring. An O-ring is provided in the cavity between the first valve seat 1031a and the sidewall of the first partition 1015. The first limiting valve core 1031b includes a first piston assembly. 1031c, a first elastic element 1031d, and a first limit valve 1031e; the first piston assembly 1031c includes a second piston 1031f and a third piston 1031g, which are coaxially nested below the first valve seat 1031a. Both pistons pass through the first valve seat 1031a and are slidably connected to the first piston 1021. An O-ring is provided between the second piston 1031f and the third piston 1031g. An O-ring is also installed in the cavity formed between the plug 1031g and the side wall of the upper valve body 1011 to ensure the sealing of the first piston assembly 1031c; the first elastic element 1031d is fitted outside the second piston 1031f and disposed in the groove formed between the second piston 1031f and the first baffle 1033a; the first limit valve 1031e is disposed on the first valve seat 1031a, one end of which is connected to the first elastic element 1031d and the other end is slidably connected to the first baffle 1033a. The first limiting valve 1031e can reciprocate along the axial direction under the drive of the third piston 1031g and the first elastic element 1031d; the cavity between the piston drive assembly 102, the upper valve body 1011 and the first partition 1015 is the third chamber A, and the cavity between the first valve seat 1031a, the first limiting valve 1031e and the first partition 1015 is the first chamber B; in one embodiment, the first elastic element 1031d is a spring, or other elastic materials with similar functions can be used.

[0024] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the second valve assembly 1032 includes a second limiting valve 1032a and a second limiting valve core 1032d. The second valve seat 1032b is an internally hollow circular cylindrical base with axially extending second baffles 1033b symmetrically arranged along the axis. The bottom of the second valve seat 1032b is fixed inside the lower valve body 1012 by an elastic retaining ring and is located above the sound-absorbing mesh 1018. An O-ring is provided in the cavity between the second valve seat 1032b and the side wall of the second partition 1016. The second limiting valve core 1032d includes the second valve seat 1032b and a second elastic element 1032c. The second elastic element 1032c is fitted on the outside of the second valve seat 1032b and is located in the second valve body 1032d. The second limit valve 1032a is disposed between the groove formed by the door seat 1032b and the second baffle 1033b, with one end connected to the second elastic element 1032c and the other end slidably connected to the second baffle 1033b. The second limit valve 1032a can reciprocate along the axial direction under the combined action of the first piston assembly 1031c and the second elastic element 1032c. The cavity between the second partition 1016, the lower valve body 1012, and the first piston assembly 1031c forms a fourth chamber D, and the cavity between the second valve seat 1032b, the second limit valve 1032a, and the second partition 1016 is the second chamber E. In one embodiment, the second elastic element 1032c is a spring, but other elastic materials with similar functions can also be used.

[0025] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the push rod 1022 is subjected to an external force, the push rod 1022 pushes multiple elastic limiting elements 1023 and the first piston 1021 to move downward along the axis until they contact the second piston 1031f of the first limiting valve core 1031b. At this time, both the first chamber B and the second chamber E are in the closed state. Afterward, the first piston 1021 pushes the first piston assembly 1031c to continue moving downward along the axis until it contacts the second limiting valve 1032a. At this time, the first chamber B is in the open state and the second chamber E is in the closed state. Afterward, the first piston 1021 pushes the second limiting valve 1032a to continue moving along the axis to a designated position (i.e., the maximum distance that the second limiting valve 1032a can move under the limitation of the second elastic element 1032c and the second valve seat 1032b) through the first piston assembly 1031c. At this time, the first chamber B and the second chamber E are in the open state.

[0026] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in one embodiment, a pressure-limiting electrically controlled main valve 20 is provided. In addition to the air pressure regulating structure 10 mentioned in the above embodiment, the pressure-limiting electrically controlled main valve 20 also includes a Hall sensor 201.

[0027] A Hall sensor 201, used for pressure feedback and energy recovery, is mounted on the valve body 101 and includes a housing 2011, a permanent magnet assembly 2012, a signal processor 2013, and a connector 2014. The housing 2011 is located on the outside of the valve body 101 and has a guide groove 2011a inside. At least a portion of the permanent magnet assembly 2012 is disposed within the guide groove 2011a and connected to the piston drive assembly 102, allowing the permanent magnet assembly 2012 to reciprocate along the guide groove 2011a under the drive of the piston drive assembly 102. The signal processor 2013 is disposed parallel to and spaced apart from the permanent magnet assembly 2012 within the housing 2011, used to monitor the motion state of the permanent magnet assembly 2012 and convert the corresponding pressure changes into electrical signals. The connector 2014 is located outside the housing 2011 and electrically connected to the signal processor 2013. In one embodiment, as... Figure 2-3 As shown, the Hall sensor 201 includes a housing 2011, a permanent magnet assembly 2012, a signal processor 2013, and a connector 2014. The outer casing 2011 is fixed to the outside of the upper valve body 1011 by an assembly of hexagonal head screws and flat washers 2011b. The interior of the outer casing 2011 has a guide groove 2011a. The permanent magnet assembly 2012 includes a permanent magnet 2012a, a mounting base 2012b, a third spring 2012c, and a hook 2012d. The permanent magnet 2012a and the third spring 2012c are both mounted on the mounting base 2012b. The hook 2012d is fixedly connected to the mounting base 2012b by a hot riveting process to form an integral motion unit. The entire motion unit is connected to the groove on the outside of the piston ring 1043 via the hook 2012d, allowing the piston ring 1043 to drive the entire permanent magnet assembly 2012 to reciprocate along the guide groove 2011a. The signal processor 2013 is arranged parallel to and spaced apart from the permanent magnet assembly 2012 inside the outer casing 2011, used to monitor the movement of the permanent magnet assembly 2012 and transmit the signal. The corresponding air pressure change is converted into an electrical signal; the connector 2014 is soldered onto the circuit board and extends downward from the right side plate of the housing 2011 and the cover plate 2015 on the right side plate. The bottom of the connector 2014 is connected to the vehicle's VCU processor. The VCU processor converts the received signal into a braking signal and transmits it to the motor, allowing the motor to enter the energy recovery mode; the right side plate of the housing 2011 also has a programming port 2011d for debugging the signal processor 2013. After the circuit board is debugged, the programming port 2011d is sealed with a cover plate 2015 equipped with a sealing ring; in one embodiment, the signal processor 2013 adopts a dual Hall chip circuit board, which can synchronously generate analog voltage and switching signals using the same magnetic field. It can not only set the analog quantity curve and switching curve through the program, but also output an electrical curve according to the change of the magnetic field, which has the characteristics of stable signal, no contact jitter and high sensitivity.

[0028] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first chamber B and the third chamber A form a first gas circuit, and the second chamber E and the fourth chamber D form a second gas circuit. A gas passage C, connecting the third chamber A and the first piston assembly 1031c, is provided on the partition inside the valve body. Both the first chamber B and the second chamber E are connected to the vehicle's air reservoir; both the third chamber A and the fourth chamber D are connected to the vehicle's brake lines.

[0029] When the driver depresses the brake pedal, the pedal force is transmitted to the push rod 1022 through the pedal mechanism. The push rod 1022 pushes the piston drive assembly 102 downward. The piston drive assembly 102 first contacts the first limit valve 1031e, and then continues to move downward, simultaneously driving the permanent magnet assembly 2012 to move as well. After sensing the change in the magnetic field, the signal processor 2013 outputs a corresponding electrical signal to the VCU system. The VCU then controls the motor to achieve energy recovery based on the relevant electrical signal. During the process of the piston drive assembly 102 pushing the first limit valve 1031e and the first elastic element 1031d downward, the first chamber B and the third chamber A are connected, and the first gas circuit is in a connected state. Compressed air in the vehicle's air reservoir enters the third chamber A from the first chamber B and is then delivered to the vehicle's brake lines to generate braking force on the wheels. After air pressure is established in the third chamber A, the air pressure in the third chamber A will act on the lower end of the piston drive assembly 102 and push the piston drive assembly 102 upward slightly until the passage between the first chamber B and the third chamber A is closed. At this time, the first gas circuit is in a disconnected state, and both the air inlet and outlet are closed, and the output pressure and input force in the first gas circuit reach equilibrium. If the pedal force increases, the piston drive assembly 102 will move downward again and open the first limit valve 1031e, repeating the above process to raise the pressure inside the first gas circuit to a new equilibrium point.

[0030] After air pressure is established in the third chamber A, the air pressure is transmitted to the upper end of the third piston 1031g through the gas passage C. The air pressure pushes the third piston 1031g and the second piston 1031f downward. Then, the third piston 1031g pushes the second limit valve 1032a downward through the second piston 1031f. During this process, the second chamber E and the fourth chamber D are connected, and the second gas circuit is in a connected state. Compressed air in the vehicle's air reservoir enters the fourth chamber D from the second chamber E and is then delivered to the vehicle's brake lines to brake the wheels. At the same time, the air pressure in the third chamber A continues to act on the lower ends of the second piston 1031f and the third piston 1031g. The air pressure pushes the third piston 1031g to move slightly upward, closing the passage between the second chamber E and the fourth chamber D. At this time, the second gas circuit is in a disconnected state. Afterward, both the air inlet and outlet are closed, and the output pressure and input force in the second gas circuit reach equilibrium.

[0031] The air pressure regulating structure provided by this invention reduces the pedal force required for braking by optimizing the piston force-bearing area, which can effectively reduce the driver's braking operation burden; the multiple pressure limiting units inside the structure can be adapted to different high-pressure pipelines and vehicle pedals; the Hall sensor of the pressure limiting electric brake master valve adopts a small circuit board and simplifies the circuit design, increasing the space utilization rate. In addition, the Hall sensor incorporates the magnet located on the piston into the sensor, realizing the lightweighting of the pressure limiting brake master valve and the independence of the electric brake module, which is beneficial for fault diagnosis.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of one or more embodiments of this specification and is not intended to limit the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of one or more embodiments of this specification.

Claims

1. A pressure regulating structure, characterized in that, include: The valve body has multiple baffles in its internal cavity; A piston drive assembly for controlling the opening and closing of the air passage is disposed in the cavity of the valve body, including a first piston, a push rod and multiple elastic limiting elements. The first piston has a first cavity, and the bottom of the first cavity has multiple steps of different heights. The push rod is slidably disposed in the first piston, and the multiple elastic limiting elements are disposed along the axis below the push rod and their bottoms are respectively fixed on the steps of different heights in the first piston. Two valve assemblies, namely the first valve assembly and the second valve assembly, are coaxially arranged below the first piston. The first piston can sequentially push the limiting valve cores of each valve assembly along the axis. Each valve assembly cooperates with the partition of the valve body to form a corresponding chamber. Each valve assembly serves as a switch connecting the chamber to the corresponding external air passage. The first valve assembly includes: The first valve seat is fixed inside the valve body by the partition of the valve body and is located below the piston drive assembly; as well as The first limiting valve core includes a first piston assembly, a first elastic element, and a first limiting valve. The first piston assembly is disposed below the first valve seat and passes through the first valve seat and is slidably connected to the first piston. The first elastic element is disposed on the first piston assembly. The first limiting valve is disposed on top of the first elastic element and located on the first piston assembly. The first limiting valve can reciprocate along the axial direction under the drive of the first piston assembly and the first elastic element. The cavity formed by the first valve assembly and the partition of the valve body is a first chamber, which is connected to a third chamber serving as an external gas passage to form a first gas circuit; the cavity formed by the second valve assembly and the partition of the valve body is a second chamber, which is connected to a fourth chamber serving as an external gas passage to form a second gas circuit; a gas passage connecting the third chamber and the limiting valve core of the first valve assembly is provided on the partition inside the valve body. The push rod pushes the elastic limiting element and the first piston to move along the axis until they contact the limiting valve core of the first valve assembly. At this time, both the first chamber and the second chamber are in the closed state. Then, the piston drive assembly drives the limiting valve core of the first valve assembly to continue moving along the axis until it contacts the limiting valve core of the second valve assembly. At this time, the first chamber is in the open state and the second chamber is in the closed state. Then, the piston drive assembly drives the limiting valve cores of the two valve assemblies to continue moving along the axis to a designated position. At this time, the first chamber and the second chamber are in the open state.

2. The air pressure regulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second valve assembly includes: The second valve seat is fixed inside the valve body by a partition plate of the valve body and is located below the first valve seat. A second elastic element is fitted on the outer side of the second valve seat. The second limiting valve core is disposed between the first piston assembly and the second valve seat, and includes a second elastic element and a second limiting valve. The second elastic element is disposed on the second valve seat. The second limiting valve is disposed on top of the second elastic element and located on the second valve seat. The second limiting valve can reciprocate along the axial direction under the drive of the first piston assembly.

3. A pressure-limiting electrically controlled main valve, characterized in that, In addition to the pressure regulating structure described in any one of claims 1-2, it also includes: A Hall sensor for achieving air pressure feedback and energy recovery is mounted on the valve body and includes a housing, a permanent magnet assembly, a signal processor, and a connector. The housing is located on the outside of the valve body and has a guide groove inside. At least a portion of the permanent magnet assembly is disposed within the guide groove and connected to the piston drive assembly. The permanent magnet assembly can reciprocate along the guide groove under the drive of the piston drive assembly. The signal processor is disposed parallel to and spaced apart from the permanent magnet assembly within the housing, and is used to monitor the motion state of the permanent magnet assembly and convert the corresponding air pressure changes into electrical signals. The connector is located on the outside of the housing and is electrically connected to the signal processor.

4. The pressure-limiting electrically controlled master valve according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal processor uses a dual Hall effect chip circuit board, which can synchronously generate analog voltage and switching signals based on the same magnetic field. It supports setting analog quantity curves and switching curves through a program, and can output corresponding electrical signal curves according to changes in the magnetic field.

5. The pressure-limiting electrically controlled master valve according to claim 3, characterized in that: The push rod drives the piston drive assembly and the permanent magnet assembly to move along the axis. When the piston drive assembly pushes the first limit valve to a designated position, the first gas circuit is in a connected state, allowing compressed air to enter the third chamber from the first chamber. Then, the air pressure inside the third chamber acts on the lower end of the piston drive assembly and pushes the piston drive assembly back to its original position along the axis. At this time, the first gas circuit is in a disconnected state.

6. The pressure-limiting electrically controlled master valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas inside the third chamber acts on the upper end of the first piston assembly through the gas passage, pushing the first piston assembly and the second limit valve to move along the axis to a designated position. At this time, the second gas circuit is in a connected state, allowing compressed air to enter the fourth chamber from the second chamber. Afterward, the gas pressure in the third chamber continues to act on the lower end of the first piston assembly, pushing the first piston assembly back to its original position along the axis. At this time, the second gas circuit is in a disconnected state.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the pressure-limiting electrically controlled main valve as described in claim 6.

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