A leveling agent

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of dyeing leveling agents, specifically relating to a leveling agent. The leveling agent comprises the following components by weight: 15-20 parts cashew nut shell phenol amphoteric surfactant; 10-15 parts cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant; 10-20 parts solvent; and 40-50 parts deionized water. The leveling agent provided by this invention has excellent dispersion and migration properties, enabling dyes to migrate and diffuse evenly on the fabric, effectively preventing color spot and uneven dyeing problems. It also has good high-temperature dispersion properties and a slow-dyeing effect, effectively controlling the dyeing speed, ensuring uniform dyeing, and improving dye dispersion properties, thereby reducing color spot problems. Furthermore, it imparts good antibacterial properties to the fabric, making it particularly suitable for dyeing antibacterial polyester fabrics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dyeing leveling agents, and specifically relates to a leveling agent. Background Technology

[0002] Leveling agents are functional auxiliaries used in the dyeing process to promote the uniform application of dyes to fibers. Their core function is to regulate dye migration and adsorption rates, avoiding dyeing defects such as uneven coloring and spots, and ensuring consistent color depth, luster, and brightness on the fabric surface. They are mostly water-soluble surfactants that improve the uniformity of dye distribution on the fiber surface through physical or chemical actions. Leveling agents are mainly classified into fiber-friendly leveling agents (anionic or cationic surfactants), dye-friendly leveling agents (nonionic surfactants), and amphiphilic leveling agents. Polyester fibers, due to their compact molecular structure, numerous crystalline regions, strong hydrophobicity, and lack of active groups that bind with dyes, cannot be dyed under normal pressure like other fibers. They can only be dyed using high-temperature, high-pressure dyeing methods or thermomelting methods. Uneven dyeing is easily caused by factors such as poor dispersibility, leveling properties, and migration properties of disperse dyes. Therefore, high-temperature leveling agents are usually used to improve dyeing quality. Currently, most high-temperature leveling agents are compounded from anionic and nonionic compounds, utilizing the slowing and migration functions of nonionic compounds and the dispersing function of anionic compounds to achieve a leveling effect.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN202010067756.3 discloses a high-temperature leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts nonionic surfactant; 10-15 parts anionic surfactant; 10-15 parts moisture-absorbing modifier; and 40-50 parts water. The nonionic surfactant includes rosin surfactant and cashew phenol polyoxyethylene ether; the anionic surfactant is castor oil polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; and the moisture-absorbing modifier is composed of polyoxyethylene segments, organosilicon segments, and tea saponin macromolecules, which can modify polyester fibers to improve their moisture absorption. Chinese patent application CN202310599501.5 discloses a high-temperature dispersing leveling agent for polyester, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-32 parts polyester polyether copolymer; castor oil polyether copolymer; and castor oil polyether copolymer. The composition includes 1-1.5 parts of ethylene ether, 0.3-0.6 parts of bactericide, and 39-60 parts of water. The polyester polyether copolymer is prepared by reacting dimethyl terephthalate, sodium dimethyl isophthalate-5-sulfonate, diethylene glycol, a catalyst, isophthalic acid, and polyethylene glycol. This high-temperature dispersing leveling agent for polyester not only improves the migration and retarding properties of polyester fibers or their fabrics but also imparts excellent fluffiness, softness, and antistatic properties to the dyed polyester fibers or their fabrics. The aforementioned patents all utilize a combination of nonionic and anionic surfactants to improve dyeing quality and effect. By adding different functional auxiliaries, functional fibers are obtained. However, the high-temperature dispersion performance achieved by the leveling agent is still insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a functional high-temperature leveling agent to meet the needs of functional polyester leveling agents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a leveling agent. This agent primarily consists of cashew phenol amphoteric surfactants and cashew phenol nonionic surfactants, exhibiting excellent dispersion and migration properties. It enables dyes to migrate and diffuse evenly on the fabric, effectively preventing color spots and uneven dyeing. Furthermore, it possesses good high-temperature dispersion properties and a slow-dyeing effect, effectively controlling the dyeing speed and ensuring even dyeing. This also improves the dye dispersion performance, thereby reducing color spot problems. Additionally, it imparts good antibacterial properties to the fabric, making it particularly suitable for dyeing antibacterial polyester fabrics.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows:

[0006] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of cashew nut phenol amphoteric surfactant; 10-15 parts of cashew nut phenol nonionic surfactant; 10-20 parts of solvent; and 40-50 parts of deionized water.

[0007] Furthermore, the solvent is ethanol or ethylene glycol.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant is as follows:

[0009]

[0010] In the formula, 5≤n≤20; S1, add cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and dimethylaminobutanol to ethanol, stir evenly, and stir the reaction at 70-80℃ for 8-10h to obtain cashew phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.

[0011] S2. Add cashew phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to ethyl acetate, stir until homogeneous, slowly add chlorosulfonic acid dropwise, and continue stirring for 4-5 hours after the addition is complete. Then add saturated sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 9-10, stir for 20-30 minutes to obtain cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant.

[0012] Furthermore, the molar ratio of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and dimethylaminobutanol in step S1 is 1:1.2-1.3.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the molar ratio of cashew phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to chlorosulfonic acid is 1:1.2-1.3.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the cashew phenol nonionic surfactant is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, 5 ≤ n ≤ 20;

[0017] Cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and potassium hydroxide were added to ethanol and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was stirred and reacted at 60-70°C for 5-6 hours. Then, it was cooled to room temperature, sodium hypochlorite was added, and the mixture was stirred and reacted for 1-2 hours to obtain cashew phenol nonionic surfactant.

[0018] Furthermore, the molar ratio of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hypochlorite is 1:1.1-1.2:1.3-1.5:1.2-1.3.

[0019] Furthermore, the preparation method of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether in step S1, the preparation method of cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant, is as follows:

[0020] In the formula, 5 ≤ n ≤ 20;

[0021] S11. Add cashew phenol and 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione to ethyl acetate, stir evenly, and reflux at 80-85℃ for 4-5 hours to obtain modified cashew phenol.

[0022] S12. Add modified cashew nut phenol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and p-toluenesulfonic acid to a reaction vessel, stir evenly, and keep the reaction at 120-130℃ for 5-6 hours to obtain cashew nut phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; wherein the average number of polyoxyethylene repeating units in the molecular structure of the raw material polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is 5-20, that is, 5≤n≤20.

[0023] Further, the molar ratio of cashew phenol and 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione in step S11 is 1:1.1-1.2.

[0024] Furthermore, the molar ratio of modified cashew phenol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and p-toluenesulfonic acid in step S12 is 1:1.1-1.2:0.2-0.3.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a leveling agent, comprising the following steps: adding cashew phenol amphoteric surfactant, cashew phenol nonionic surfactant and solvent to deionized water according to the weight ratio, mixing evenly to obtain a leveling agent.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This invention reacts cashew nut phenol with 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione to obtain modified cashew nut phenol, and then reacts the modified cashew nut phenol with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether through an esterification reaction to obtain cashew nut phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; on the one hand, this invention reacts cashew nut phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether sequentially with dimethylaminobutanol, chlorosulfonic acid and sodium hydroxide to prepare cashew nut phenol zwitterionic surfactant, and on the other hand, it reacts cashew nut phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and sodium hypochlorite to prepare cashew nut phenol nonionic surfactant.

[0028] 2. The cashew phenol amphoteric surfactant and cashew phenol nonionic surfactant prepared in this invention both contain cashew phenol groups and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether molecular chains. The aromatic cashew phenol groups have good high-temperature resistance, enabling them to maintain good dispersion performance in high-temperature environments and improving the high-temperature dispersion performance of the leveling agent. The large number of polyoxyethylene ether bonds in the polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether molecular chain have good affinity with disperse dyes and can form hydrogen bonds with the polar groups in the dye molecules, increasing the dyeing sites, improving the dispersion and migration performance of the leveling agent, and delaying dyeing to achieve a leveling effect. The cashew phenol amphoteric surfactant also contains cationic quaternary ammonium salt and anionic sodium sulfate salt, which have affinity for both fibers and dyes. Through dual action, it regulates the dyeing process. The positive and negative charges of the cations and anions are the same, resulting in better high-temperature dispersion stability. The cationic quaternary ammonium salt also has good antibacterial activity, which, together with the chlorodimethylhydantoin group in the cashew phenol nonionic surfactant, endows the fabric with good antibacterial properties.

[0029] 3. The leveling agent provided by this invention uses cashew phenol amphoteric surfactant and cashew phenol nonionic surfactant as the main components. It has good dispersion and migration properties, which can make the dye migrate and diffuse evenly on the fabric, effectively preventing the occurrence of color spot problems. It also has good high-temperature dispersion properties and slow dyeing effect, which can effectively control the dyeing speed, make the dye evenly applied, and improve the dye dispersion properties, thereby reducing color spot problems. It can also give the fabric good antibacterial properties, especially suitable for dyeing antibacterial polyester fabrics. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The technical features designed in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the technical solution of this invention, all chemical reagents used are commercially available, including: polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (CAS number 9004-74-4, Mn=350 / 750); cashew phenol (CAS number 501-24-6); 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione (CAS number 1192-71-8); p-toluenesulfonic acid (CAS number 104-15-4); dimethylaminobutanol (CAS number 13330-96-6); chlorosulfonic acid (CAS number 7790-94-5); 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (CAS number 77-71-4); potassium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-58-3); sodium hypochlorite (CAS number 7681-52-9); ethanol (CAS number 64-17-5); ethylene glycol (CAS number 107-21-1); diethyl ether (CAS number 60-29-7); and ethyl acetate (CAS number 141-78-6).

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts cashew nut phenol amphoteric surfactant; 15 parts cashew nut phenol nonionic surfactant; 20 parts solvent; and 50 parts deionized water; wherein the solvent is ethanol.

[0034] The preparation method of cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant is as follows:

[0035] S1. Add 20.0g of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 3.7g of dimethylaminobutanol to 200mL of ethanol, stir well, and react at 70℃ for 10h. After the reaction is complete, cool, remove the ethanol, remove impurities by passing through diethyl ether, filter, and dry to obtain 19.6g of cashew nut shell phenol-cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; wherein the molar ratio of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to dimethylaminobutanol is 1:1.2.

[0036] S2. Add 19.6g of cashew nut phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to 200mL of ethyl acetate, stir well, and slowly add 3.1g of chlorosulfonic acid dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 4h. Then add saturated sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 9, stir for 30min, and after the reaction is complete, cool, remove ethyl acetate and water, remove impurities by passing through diethyl ether, filter, and dry to obtain 18.8g of cashew nut phenol zwitterionic surfactant; wherein the molar ratio of cashew nut phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to chlorosulfonic acid is 1:1.2.

[0037] Cashew phenol is an amphoteric surfactant. 1H-NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm): 7.16-7.23 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.08 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 5.04-5.0 8 (m, 1H, -N-CH), 3.52-3.58 (m, 31H, -O-CH2), 3.33-3.37 (m, 2H, O=C-CH2), 3.30 (s, 6H, - N-CH3), 3.22-3.25 (m, 2H, -N-CH2), 2.64-2.66 (m, 2H, Ar-CH2), 1.56-1.62 (m, 4H, -C-C H2-C), 1.37-1.40 (m, 3H, -O-CH3), 1.24-1.26 (m, 26H, -C-CH2-C), 0.87 (t, 3H, -C-CH3).

[0038] The preparation method of cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant is as follows: 30.0g of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 6.0g of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and 3.3g of potassium hydroxide are added to ethanol and stirred evenly. The mixture is stirred and reacted at 70℃ for 5.5h, then cooled to room temperature. 3.8g of sodium hypochlorite is added and stirred and reacted for 2h. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled, the ethanol is removed, impurities are removed by passing through diethyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 28.4g of cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant. The molar ratio of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hypochlorite is 1:1.2:1.5:1.3.

[0039] Cashew phenol nonionic surfactant: 1 H-NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm): 7.16-7.22 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.09 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 5.06-5.09 (m, 1H, -N-CH), 3.54-3.60 (m, 29H, -O-CH2), 3.20-3.24 (m , 2H, O=C-CH2), 2.65-2.68 (m, 2H, Ar-CH2), 1.80 (s, 6H, -N-CH3), 1.38-1.41 (m, 3H, -O-CH3), 1.25-1.27 (m, 26H, -C-CH2-C), 0.88 (t, 3H, -C-CH3).

[0040] The preparation method of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is as follows:

[0041] S11. 30.5g of cashew nut phenol and 14.8g of 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione were added to 500mL of ethyl acetate and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was refluxed at 80℃ for 5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled and extracted with 500mL of water. The organic phase was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 37.8g of modified cashew nut phenol. The molar ratio of cashew nut phenol to 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione was 1:1.1.

[0042] S12. Add 35.0g of modified cashew nut shellac, 33.5g of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Mn=350) and 4.1g of p-toluenesulfonic acid to a reaction vessel, stir well, and keep the reaction at 120℃ for 6h. After the reaction is completed, cool, add 150mL of water and 450mL of ethyl acetate and stir. After separation, collect the organic phase, concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain 52.5g of cashew nut shellac-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; wherein the molar ratio of modified cashew nut shellac, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and p-toluenesulfonic acid is 1:1.2:0.3.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts cashew nut shell phenol amphoteric surfactant; 12 parts cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant; 15 parts solvent; and 45 parts deionized water; wherein the solvent is ethylene glycol.

[0045] The preparation method of cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant is as follows:

[0046] S1. Add 30.0g of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 3.9g of dimethylaminobutanol to 300mL of ethanol, stir well, and react at 80℃ for 9h. After the reaction is complete, cool, remove the ethanol, remove impurities by passing through diethyl ether, filter, and dry to obtain 28.3g of cashew nut shell phenol-cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; wherein the molar ratio of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to dimethylaminobutanol is 1:1.3.

[0047] S2. Add 28.3g of cashew nut phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to 300mL of ethyl acetate, stir well, and slowly add 3.3g of chlorosulfonic acid dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 5h. Then add saturated sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 10, stir for 20min, and after the reaction is complete, cool, remove ethyl acetate and water, remove impurities by passing through diethyl ether, filter, and dry to obtain 25.9g of cashew nut phenol zwitterionic surfactant; wherein the molar ratio of cashew nut phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to chlorosulfonic acid is 1:1.3.

[0048] Cashew phenol is an amphoteric surfactant. 1H-NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm): 7.18-7.24 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.08 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 5.06-5.1 0 (m, 1H, -N-CH), 3.52-3.60 (m, 67H, -O-CH2), 3.34-3.38 (m, 2H, O=C-CH2), 3.31 (s, 6H, - N-CH3), 3.20-3.24 (m, 2H, -N-CH2), 2.64-2.66 (m, 2H, Ar-CH2), 1.60-1.66 (m, 4H, -C-C H2-C), 1.40-1.44 (m, 3H, -O-CH3), 1.24-1.27 (m, 26H, -C-CH2-C), 0.88 (t, 3H, -C-CH3).

[0049] The preparation method of cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant is as follows: 40.0g of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 4.8g of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and 2.5g of potassium hydroxide are added to ethanol, stirred evenly, and reacted at 60℃ for 6h. Then, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, 3.1g of sodium hypochlorite is added, and the mixture is stirred for 1h. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled, the ethanol is removed, impurities are removed by passing the mixture through diethyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 36.8g of cashew nut shell phenol nonionic surfactant. The molar ratio of cashew nut shell phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hypochlorite is 1:1.1:1.3:1.2.

[0050] Cashew phenol nonionic surfactant: 1 H-NMR (600MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm): 7.17-7.22 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.10 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 5.04-5.07 (m, 1H, -N-CH), 3.51-3.59 (m, 65H, -O-CH2), 3.21-3.26 (m , 2H, O=C-CH2), 2.64-2.68 (m, 2H, Ar-CH2), 1.82 (s, 6H, -N-CH3), 1.39-1.41 (m, 3H, -O-CH3), 1.24-1.26 (m, 26H, -C-CH2-C), 0.89 (t, 3H, -C-CH3).

[0051] The preparation method of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is as follows:

[0052] S11. 30.5g of cashew nut phenol and 16.2g of 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione were added to 500mL of ethyl acetate and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was refluxed at 85℃ for 4h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled, water was added for extraction, the organic phase was collected, and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 38.5g of modified cashew nut phenol. The molar ratio of cashew nut phenol to 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione was 1:1.2.

[0053] S12. 35.0 g of modified cashew nut shellac, 65.9 g of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Mn=750) and 2.8 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was kept at 130 °C for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled, and 200 mL of water and 600 mL of ethyl acetate were added and stirred. The organic phase was collected after separation and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 78.6 g of cashew nut shellac-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The molar ratio of modified cashew nut shellac, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and p-toluenesulfonic acid was 1:1.1:0.2.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts cashew nut phenol amphoteric surfactant; 10 parts cashew nut phenol nonionic surfactant; 10 parts solvent; 40 parts deionized water; wherein the solvent is ethanol.

[0056] The preparation method of cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant is the same as in Example 1.

[0057] The preparation method of cashew phenol nonionic surfactant is the same as in Example 2.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] Compared with Example 1, the cashew phenol nonionic surfactant in the leveling agent component of this comparative example is replaced with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Mn=350).

[0060] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts cashew nut shell phenol amphoteric surfactant; 15 parts polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; 20 parts solvent; and 50 parts deionized water; wherein the solvent is ethanol.

[0061] The preparation method of cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant is the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] Compared with Example 1, the cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant in the leveling agent component of this comparative example is replaced with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Mn=350).

[0064] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; 15 parts cashew nut shell nonionic surfactant; 20 parts solvent; and 50 parts deionized water; wherein the solvent is ethanol.

[0065] The preparation method of the cashew phenol nonionic surfactant is the same as in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the leveling agent components in this comparative example are different.

[0068] A leveling agent comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; 15 parts sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; 20 parts solvent; and 50 parts deionized water; wherein the solvent is ethanol.

[0069] Test case

[0070] 1. High-temperature dispersion performance test

[0071] S-5BL Ruby was prepared into a dye solution with a concentration of 0.5 g / L. 1 g / L of the leveling agent from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was added to prepare 100 mL of working solution. The pH was adjusted to 5-5 with glacial acetic acid. A blank group was used without leveling agent. The temperature was raised to 130℃ (3℃ / min) and held for 40 min. The temperature was then lowered to 90℃ (3℃ / min). The solution was filtered using two layers of medium-speed filter paper. After the filter paper dried, the diffusion of the dye solution or the deposition of particulate matter on the surface of the upper filter paper was observed and rated: Grade 5 - no dye particle aggregation; Grade 4 - slight dye particle aggregation; Grade 3 - dye particle aggregation present; Grade 2 - dye particle aggregation relatively obvious; Grade 1 - dye particle aggregation extremely obvious.

[0072] 2. Migration performance test

[0073] Referring to GB / T 10663-2014 "Determination of Migration Properties of Disperse Dyes", disperse navy blue (100% S-2G navy blue 2.3% owf, 165% S-2G red 0.6% owf, 200% S-2R orange 1.0% owf) was used to dye polyester fabric as the transfer dyeing fabric. White fabrics of the same material were sewn together for the transfer dyeing test. 1 g / L of leveling agent and 1 g / L of glacial acetic acid were added to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, with a liquor ratio of 1:10. No leveling agent was added as a blank group. The temperature was raised to 130℃ (3℃ / min) and held for 40 min. After washing and drying, the apparent depth values ​​(K / S values) of the white and colored fabrics after transfer dyeing were tested. The transfer rate was calculated as: K / S value of white fabric after transfer dyeing / K / S value of colored fabric after transfer dyeing.

[0074] 3. Resistant dyeing performance test

[0075] The sample was a polyester fabric. The dye used was SGL Turquoise Blue 2.0% (owf). 1 g / L of leveling agent and 1 g / L of glacial acetic acid were added to the sample. The liquor ratio was 1:10. The sample without leveling agent was used as a blank group. The temperature was raised to 110℃ (1℃ / min) and held for 10 min. After washing and drying, the apparent color depth K / S value of the fabric was measured.

[0076] 4. Antibacterial performance test

[0077] The sample was a polyester fabric. S-5BL Ruby was prepared into a dyeing solution with a concentration of 0.5 g / L. 1 g / L of the leveling agent from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was added to prepare a 100 mL working solution. The pH was adjusted to 5-5.5 with glacial acetic acid. The temperature was raised to 130℃ (3℃ / min) and kept at that temperature for 30 min. After washing and drying, the antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was tested according to FZ / T 73023-2006 Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics.

[0078] Table 1 Test Results

[0079] As shown in Table 1, the leveling agents of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have a high-temperature dispersibility of level 5, a high migration rate, a strong slow dyeing effect, and a high antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. This indicates that the leveling agents provided by the present invention have good high-temperature dispersibility, dispersion migration performance, and slow dyeing effect, and can especially impart good antibacterial properties to fabrics.

[0080] Compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the leveling agent in Example 1 of this invention contains cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant and cashew phenol nonionic surfactant. The aromatic cashew phenol groups in the structure of both can improve the high-temperature dispersion performance of the leveling agent. The large number of polyoxyethylene ether bonds in the polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether molecular chain have good affinity with disperse dyes and can form hydrogen bonds with the polar groups in the dye molecules, increasing the dyeing positions of the dye, improving the dispersion and migration performance of the leveling agent, and delaying the dyeing process to achieve a leveling effect. The cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant also contains cationic quaternary ammonium salt and anionic sodium sulfate salt, which have affinity for both fibers and dyes. Through dual action, the dyeing process is regulated. The positive and negative charges of the cation and anion are the same, resulting in better high-temperature dispersion stability. The cationic quaternary ammonium salt also has good antibacterial effect. It works together with the chlorodimethylhydantoin group in the cashew phenol nonionic surfactant, which has antibacterial effect, to give the fabric good antibacterial properties.

[0081] It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0082] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A leveling agent, characterized in that, The leveling agent comprises the following components by weight: 15-20 parts of cashew nut phenol zwitterionic surfactant; 10-15 parts of cashew nut phenol nonionic surfactant; 10-20 parts of solvent; and 40-50 parts of deionized water. The preparation method of the cashew nut phenol zwitterionic surfactant is as follows: S1. Add cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and dimethylaminobutanol to ethanol, stir evenly, and stir the reaction at 70-80℃ for 8-10 hours to obtain cashew phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether. S2. Add cashew phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to ethyl acetate, stir evenly, slowly add chlorosulfonic acid dropwise, after the addition is complete, continue stirring for 4-5 hours, then add saturated sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adjust the pH to 9-10, stir for 20-30 minutes to obtain cashew phenol zwitterionic surfactant. The cashew phenol nonionic surfactant is prepared by adding cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and potassium hydroxide into ethanol, stirring until homogeneous, and reacting at 60-70°C for 5-6 hours. Then, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, sodium hypochlorite is added, and the mixture is stirred for 1-2 hours to obtain the cashew phenol nonionic surfactant.

2. The leveling agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molar ratio of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hypochlorite is 1:1.1-1.2:1.3-1.5:1.2-1.

3.

3. The leveling agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether in step S1 is as follows: S11. Add cashew phenol and 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione to ethyl acetate, stir evenly, and reflux at 80-85℃ for 4-5 hours to obtain modified cashew phenol. S12. Add modified cashew nut phenol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and p-toluenesulfonic acid to the reaction vessel, stir evenly, and keep the reaction at 120-130℃ for 5-6 hours to obtain cashew nut phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.

4. A leveling agent according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of cashew phenol and 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione in step S11 is 1:1.1-1.

2.

5. A leveling agent according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of modified cashew phenol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and p-toluenesulfonic acid in step S12 is 1:1.1-1.2:0.2-0.

3.

6. A leveling agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molar ratio of cashew phenol-based polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and dimethylaminobutanol in step S1 is 1:1.2-1.

3.

7. A leveling agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the molar ratio of cashew phenol cationic polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorosulfonic acid is 1:1.2-1.

3.

8. A leveling agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent is ethanol or ethylene glycol.

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