A method of improving yield of jackfruit by fertilization

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for increasing jackfruit yield. The fertilization method provided by the present application applies specific proportion of soybean powder organic fertilizer, animal source organic fertilizer and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer at specific time, and combines with branch and leaf weed backfilling fertilization ditch, which can effectively reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizer, increase the diversity of soil microorganisms in multiple ways, has a significant effect on the improvement of soil biological fertility, and then effectively promotes the growth of jackfruit and significantly improves the yield of jackfruit. In addition, by local root cutting, adjusting topdressing and irrigation mode, root diseases can be reduced, sand soil water loss can be avoided, and labor cost can be saved. The present application can fix carbon and reduce fertilizer, and has an important role in promoting the quality and efficiency of jackfruit industry and maintaining a healthy agricultural ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, and in particular to a fertilization method for increasing jackfruit yield. Background Technology

[0002] Jackfruit combines the benefits of fruit, woody food, and valuable timber, making it a distinctive and emerging tropical industry with high comprehensive economic value. However, due to its extensive and easy-to-manage nature, many orchards have long relied on experience-based fertilization. In recent years, with increased public awareness and the growing economic benefits of the jackfruit industry, farmers' long-term overuse of chemical fertilizers has led to poor soil nutrient availability and aeration, low organic matter content, and decreased soil microbial diversity and metabolic function. Jackfruit trees planted with these trees are highly susceptible to weakening, withered branches and excessive leaf drop; in severe cases, the entire tree may die, resulting in significant losses in yield and quality.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, the common practice in production is to replace weakened and low-yielding jackfruit orchards by removing old trees, disinfecting the soil with lime, and then planting saplings. However, this method cannot avoid the impact of continuous cropping on the growth of saplings, and it has a long production lifespan and high planting costs, thus affecting farmers' enthusiasm for planting jackfruit. Jackfruit orchards are generally located in sandy soil developed from lateritic red soil, which has poor water and fertilizer retention capabilities. Especially in Hainan, the main production area, rainfall and heat occur simultaneously and are concentrated. Jackfruit trees have a large biomass, and annual post-fruit pruning and physiological shedding generate a large amount of orchard organic waste rich in nutrients. The key is to fully utilize the advantages of the hot climate and resources, innovate fertilization methods, improve soil biofertility, delay tree aging, extend the productive lifespan, and ensure yield and quality on limited land, thereby increasing farmers' income and improving land resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a fertilization method to increase jackfruit yield.

[0005] This invention provides a method for fertilizing jackfruit, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. After harvesting jackfruit, dig fertilizer trenches and backfill them while weeding. Then prune the trees and backfill the fertilizer trenches with the pruned branches and leaves and let them dry naturally.

[0007] S2. After the rainy season begins, apply tree fertilizer to the fertilization trench.

[0008] The tree fertilizer includes soybean powder organic fertilizer, animal-derived organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of (10~15):(20~30):(1~1.5);

[0009] The soybean organic fertilizer contains 600-700 g / kg. –1 Organic matter, 20–28 g·kg -1 N, 30-40 g·kg-1 P2O5 and 5-6 g·kg -1 K2O; pH 6.5–7.0.

[0010] The fertilization method provided by this invention uses soybean powder organic fertilizer to replace traditional conventional urea and organic material composting agents, which effectively promotes microbial reproduction and metabolism, and is conducive to nutrient release. At the same time, by combining the application of plant-derived and animal-derived organic fertilizers and rationally controlling the ratio of soybean organic fertilizer, animal-derived organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the diversity of soil microorganisms and nematodes can be increased through multiple pathways, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, and ultimately significantly improving soil biological fertility and increasing jackfruit yield.

[0011] Experiments show that the application of this invention increases the microbial metabolic activity and diversity, as well as the number of earthworms in the soil. It also significantly increases soil pH, organic matter, and available nutrient content, demonstrating a comprehensive improvement effect on the biological and physicochemical properties of the soil, which is beneficial for a longer-term and more stable increase in jackfruit yield. The applicant's research found that fertilizing jackfruit according to the method described in this application results in a more significant increase in yield in the third year and subsequent years, significantly outperforming the increase in yield in the second year.

[0012] In some implementation schemes, in step S1, the "post-harvest" refers to the 10th to 20th day after harvesting, specifically the 10th day, the 15th day, or the 20th day.

[0013] In some implementation schemes, in step S2, each jackfruit plant is fertilized with 10 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer, 20 kg of animal-derived organic fertilizer, and 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, each jackfruit tree is fertilized with 10-15 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of animal-derived organic fertilizer, and 1-1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The fertilizer applied to each jackfruit tree is selected from one of the following combinations:

[0015] 12 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer, 24 kg of animal-derived organic fertilizer, and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

[0016] Alternatively, use 15 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer, 30 kg of animal-derived organic fertilizer, and 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

[0017] In some specific embodiments, the soybean meal organic fertilizer includes:

[0018] 600g·kg –1 Organic matter, 20 g·kg -1 N, 30 g·kg -1 P2O5 and 5 g·kg -1 K₂O; pH 6.5–7.0;

[0019] Or, 700 g·kg –1 Organic matter, 28g·kg -1 N, 40 g·kg -1 P2O5 and 6 g·kg -1 K2O; pH 6.5–7.0.

[0020] In some embodiments, the animal-derived organic fertilizer includes cow manure and / or sheep manure. Preferably, the animal-derived organic fertilizer comprises 500–600 g·kg⁻¹. -1 Organic matter; 15–17.0 g·kg -1 N; 20–50 g·kg -1 P2O5; 10–15 g·kg -1 K2O; pH 7-8.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, the animal-derived organic fertilizer includes:

[0022] 500g·kg -1 Organic matter; 17.0 g·kg -1 N; 20g·kg -1 P2O5; 15 g·kg -1 K2O; pH 7-8;

[0023] Or, 600 g·kg -1 Organic matter; 15g·kg -1 N; 50 g·kg -1 P2O5; 10 g·kg -1 K2O; pH 7-8.

[0024] In some embodiments, the active ingredients of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are CaO, MgO, and P2O5. In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of CaO, MgO, and P2O5 phosphorus is 20:4:12.

[0025] In some implementation schemes, one month after the application of tree fertilizer, the following steps are also included: dig a shallow fertilization trench next to each jackfruit tree, with the trench being 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep, and apply fertilizer every 1.5 to 2 months.

[0026] The fertilizer trenches dug for topdressing should avoid the trenches for tree fertilizer.

[0027] Preferably, the fertilizer used for topdressing is a compound fertilizer with a composition of 15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O);

[0028] Preferably, the amount of fertilizer applied each time is 400-600 grams per plant, specifically 400 grams per plant, 500 grams per plant, or 600 grams per plant.

[0029] In some implementation schemes, the fertilization method also includes applying potassium chloride monthly during the flower bud differentiation period until the end of the fruit enlargement period.

[0030] Preferably, the amount of potassium chloride applied is 100-200 grams. In some specific embodiments, the amount of potassium chloride applied is 100 grams, 150 grams, or 200 grams.

[0031] In some implementations, an irrigation step is also included after the topdressing.

[0032] Preferably, the infiltration depth of the irrigation water is 40-50 cm. In some specific embodiments, the water depth is 40 cm, 45 cm, or 50 cm.

[0033] In some implementations, the fertilization method further includes rotating the fertilization trench of step S1 the following year.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] This invention employs a comprehensive fertilization method to delay premature aging of jackfruit trees and increase yield by improving sandy soil and enhancing soil fertility. By scientifically and rationally selecting fertilizer types to achieve suitable carbon-nitrogen ratios for leaf and branch decomposition, soybean meal organic fertilizer provides an appropriate carbon-nitrogen source, creating a suitable environment for microbial reproduction and nutrient decomposition, thus facilitating nutrient release. Sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer enriches the soil nematode population. The combined application of these two types of organic fertilizer effectively reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers and increases soil microbial diversity through multiple pathways, significantly improving soil biological fertility. Furthermore, compared to the conventional method of digging fertilization pits for each tree, rotating fertilization trenches involves partial root pruning, reducing the chance of pathogen invasion and root injury, effectively saving labor costs, and allowing the tree's root system time to recover. Finally, considering the poor water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil, by adjusting the cycle and location of topdressing and controlling irrigation to prevent fertilizer and water loss, the annual chemical usage can be reduced by more than 20%, soil organic matter can be increased by more than 20%, soil pH and available nutrient content can be significantly improved, and jackfruit yield can be increased by more than 10%. This method is easy to operate, low in cost, convenient to implement, and has low technical requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer trench in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] This invention provides a fertilization method to increase jackfruit yield. Those skilled in the art can refer to this document and appropriately modify the process parameters to achieve the desired result. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in this invention. The method and application of this invention have been described through preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can clearly modify or appropriately change and combine the method and application described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of this invention to implement and apply the technology of this invention.

[0038] The test materials used in this invention are all common commercial products and can be purchased on the market.

[0039] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments:

[0040] Example 1

[0041] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 10 years of age: Ten days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of fruit trees using an excavator (e.g., Figure 1 As shown, the fertilization trench is 40 cm wide and 40 cm deep, with a length level with the tree row. Weeding is done simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds are then backfilled into the trench. After fruiting, routine post-harvest pruning is performed, and the pruned branches are placed in the fertilization trench to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 10 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer, 20 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer, and 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CaO, MgO, and P2O5 phosphorus in a mass ratio of 20:4:12) are applied to each tree in the fertilization trench. The mixture is then backfilled with topsoil. The soybean meal organic fertilizer comprises 680.00 g·kg⁻¹. –1 Organic matter; 27.70 g∙kg -1 N; 37.80 g∙kg -1 P2O5; 5.9 g∙kg -1 K₂O; pH 6.98. Sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer contains 500–600 g / kg. -1 Organic matter; 15–17.0 g·kg -1 N; 20–50 g·kg -1 P2O5; 12–14 g·kg -1The optimal concentration of K2O and pH is 7-8. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 400 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the existing tree-nourishing fertilizer trenches. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 30 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 100 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows by digging fertilizer trenches.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and level with the row of trees. Weeding was carried out simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization trenches to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 12 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 24 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the fertilization trenches. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 20 years of age: Twenty days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 60 cm wide, 60 cm deep, and level with the row of trees. Weeding was carried out simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the trenches to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 15 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 30 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the trenches. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 600 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 50 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 200 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 (except for the ratio of tree fertilizer, the other operations are the same as in Example 2)

[0047] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and level with the row of trees. Weeding was done simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the trenches to allow them to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, a tree-nourishing fertilizer was applied to each tree in the trenches: 6 kg of soybean powder organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 30 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. This mixture was then used to backfill the trenches with topsoil. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0048] Comparative Example 2 (except for the ratio of tree fertilizer, the other operations are the same as in Example 2)

[0049] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and level with the row of trees. Weeding was carried out simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization trenches to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 18 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 18 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the fertilization trenches. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0050] Comparative Example 3 (same as Example 2, except that the fertilizer trench was replaced with a fertilizer pit for each plant, and the total amount of fertilizer remained the same)

[0051] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization pits were dug next to each tree using an excavator. The pits were 80 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 50 cm deep. Weeding was done simultaneously with digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the fertilization pits. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization pits to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 6 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 12 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 0.6 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were added to the fertilization pits, mixed thoroughly, and then the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization pits. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying the fertilizer in the designated fertilization pit. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, change the location of the fertilization pit and repeat the above fertilization process.

[0052] Comparative Example 4 (same as Example 2, except that weeds and pruned branches and leaves are not returned to the field, but are directly used to cover the ground surface)

[0053] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Pruned branches and weeds were directly used as ground cover. Fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of jackfruit trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and level with the row of trees. In each trench, 12 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 24 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the trench. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0054] Comparative Example 5 (same as Example 2, except that the location of the topdressing fertilizer coincides with the location of the tree fertilizer application)

[0055] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and the length was level with the row of trees. Weeding was done simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization trenches to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 12 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 24 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the fertilization pits. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep, overlapping the fertilizer application trench. After application, cover with soil and water until the infiltration depth reaches 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0056] Comparative Example 6 (same as Example 2, except for the fertilization cycle)

[0057] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after the jackfruit harvest in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and the length was level with the row of trees. Weeding was done simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization trenches to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 12 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 24 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the fertilization pits. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every three months on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer application. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 40 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 g of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of six months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0058] Comparative Example 7 (same as Example 2, except that the irrigation water infiltrates deeper after topdressing)

[0059] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Ten days after jackfruit harvesting in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide and 50 cm deep, with the length level with the row of trees. Weeding was carried out simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization trenches to allow the branches and leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 12 kg of soybean powder organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 24 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the fertilization pits. After mixing thoroughly, the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 60 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0060] Comparative Example 8 (same as Example 2, except that the infiltration depth of irrigation water after topdressing is shallower)

[0061] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after jackfruit harvesting in August, fertilization trenches were dug between every two rows of trees using an excavator. The trenches were 50 cm wide and 50 cm deep, with the length level with the row of trees. Weeding was carried out simultaneously with trench digging, and the weeds were backfilled into the trenches. Regular post-harvest pruning was then performed, and the pruned branches were placed in the fertilization trenches to allow the leaves to dry naturally. After the rainy season in November, 12 kg of soybean meal organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 24 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), and 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied to each tree in the fertilization pits, mixed thoroughly, and then the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every 1.5 months, on a sunny day, dig shallow trenches and apply 500 grams of compound fertilizer (15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O)) per tree. The trenches should be 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep. Avoid applying fertilizer in the same trenches as the tree-nourishing fertilizer. After application, cover with soil and water until the solution has seeped into the soil to a depth of 20 cm. During the flower bud differentiation period, apply an additional 150 grams of potassium chloride monthly until the fruit enlargement period, for a total of 6 months. The following year, repeat the same fertilization process in adjacent rows.

[0062] Comparative Example 9 (Other fertilization method 1, replacing soybean powder organic fertilizer with urea, adding organic material composting bacteria, and not applying top dressing)

[0063] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Fifteen days after harvesting jackfruit in August, fertilization pits were dug between every two trees using an excavator. The pits were 80 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 50 cm deep. Weeding was done simultaneously with digging, and the weeds were then backfilled into the fertilization pits. Following standard post-harvest pruning, the pruned branches were cut into 3-10 cm lengths. The branches and leaves were then layered with a thin layer of soil (8-12 parts branches and leaves to 1 part soil, 0.1-0.3 cm thick) and left to dry for 20 days until the branches and leaves were semi-dry. After the rainy season in November, apply urea and a composting agent [50 parts branches and leaves (dry weight): 1 part urea: 0.005 parts composting agent] to the fertilization pit, then cover it with a thin layer of soil (0.1-0.3 cm thick). Next, apply 40 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition same as in Example 1), 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 1 kg of potassium chloride, then backfill the fertilization pit with the topsoil. The following year, dig a new fertilization pit in a different location and continue the above fertilization process. The organic material composting agent mentioned is Yuhesheng Organic Fertilizer Fermentation Special Agent produced by Hebi Hesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0064] Comparative Example 10 (Other Fertilization Methods 2)

[0065] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were performed on jackfruit trees that had begun to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Pruned branches and weeds were directly used as ground cover. In autumn, fertilization pits were dug next to each tree using an excavator. The pits were 80 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 50 cm deep. 30 kg of sheep / cow manure organic fertilizer (composition the same as in Example 1) and 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were added to the pits, mixed thoroughly, and then the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trench. One month after applying the tree-nourishing fertilizer, every three months, on sunny days, 1 kg of a 15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer was applied to each tree in shallow trenches. The fertilization location was random, and the trees were covered with soil and watered after application. An additional 1.5 kg of potassium chloride was applied during flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement. The following year, the fertilization procedures were repeated at different locations.

[0066] Comparative Example 11 (Standard Operation)

[0067] In Xinglong Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, the following fertilization procedures were implemented for jackfruit trees that began to show signs of weakness at 15 years of age: Pruned branches and weeds were directly used as ground cover. In autumn, shallow trenches were dug next to each tree, and 3 kg of a 15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer was applied, mixed thoroughly, and then the topsoil was backfilled into the fertilization trenches. Every 3 months, on a sunny day, 1 kg of a 15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer was applied to shallow trenches, each 20 cm long × 10 cm wide × 5 cm deep, at random locations. After application, the soil was covered and the trees were watered. An additional 1.5 kg of potassium chloride was applied during flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement. The above fertilization procedures were repeated the following year.

[0068] The decomposition rate of branches and leaves was measured during the fruiting period of the year of fertilization. Simultaneously, soil samples were collected 10 cm away from the fertilization pit, and the orchard soil microorganisms and physicochemical characteristics were measured (Tables 1 and 2). The results showed that the soil treated with this invention exhibited increased microbial metabolic activity and diversity, as well as a higher number of earthworms. Soil pH, organic matter, and available nutrient content were also significantly increased, particularly compared to conventional treatments (Comparative Example 11) and other fertilization methods (Comparative Examples 9 and 10). These examples demonstrate a comprehensive improvement effect on the biological and physicochemical properties of the soil. The metabolic activity of soil microorganisms was measured using the Biolog ECO microplate method, and the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Soil nematode diversity was first classified and identified according to the method described by Yin Wenying (Illustrated Guide to Soil Animals of China [M]. Science Press, 1998), and then the diversity index was calculated.

[0069] Table 1: Soil microbial characteristics under different operating methods

[0070] Table 2: Soil physicochemical properties under different operating methods

[0071]

[0072] During the fruit harvesting period, the growth of jackfruit, the incidence of weak plants, the amount of new shoot growth, and the yield were measured (Table 3).

[0073] Table 3: Jackfruit growth and yield under different operating methods

[0074]

[0075] Notes: Vigorous growth: Young leaves unfold early and quickly after budding, leaves are large and turn green quickly, and leaves at the base and middle of branches are large and dark green. Moderate growth: Leaves unfold late and slowly, leaves turn green slowly after budding, and leaves at the base and middle of branches are few and small.

[0076] The results showed that the jackfruit plants of Examples 1-3 of this invention exhibited vigorous growth, large and dark green leaves, a low incidence of weak plants, and higher shoot growth and yield, demonstrating significant advantages over Comparative Examples 1-11. In summary, the embodiments of this application demonstrated excellent performance in multiple aspects, including plant growth vigor, leaf quality, stress resistance, shoot growth, and yield, significantly outperforming the comparative examples. This fully verifies the effectiveness and advancement of the technology presented in improving the overall production performance of jackfruit.

[0077] Compared to the conventional operation in Comparative Example 11, Examples 1-3 showed significant improvements in tree vigor, incidence of weakened plants, new shoot length, and yield in both the current and following year. Under conventional operation, jackfruit trees exhibited mediocre growth, a high incidence of weakened plants, short new shoot length, and relatively low yield. This fully demonstrates that the present invention, by optimizing fertilization methods, including the specifications of fertilization pits, the type and ratio of fertilizers, the fertilization cycle, and the selection of fertilization locations, can significantly improve the growth status of jackfruit trees and enhance their resistance and yield. Simultaneously, the significant improvement in soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties further verifies the long-term effectiveness of the fertilization method of the present invention, providing a scientific basis for the long-term high-yield and high-quality cultivation of jackfruit.

[0078] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for jackfruit, characterized in that, include: S1. After harvesting jackfruit, dig fertilizer trenches and backfill them in conjunction with weeding. Then prune the trees and backfill the fertilizer trenches with the pruned branches and leaves and let them dry naturally. S2. After the rainy season begins, apply tree fertilizer to the fertilization trench. The tree fertilizer includes soybean powder organic fertilizer, animal-derived organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of (10~15):(20~30):(1~1.5); The soybean meal organic fertilizer contains 600-700 g / kg. –1 Organic matter, 20–28 g∙kg -1 N, 30-40 g∙kg -1 P2O5 and 5-6 g∙kg -1 K₂O; pH 6.5–7.0; In step S2, each jackfruit plant is fertilized with 10-15 kg of soybean powder organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of animal-derived organic fertilizer, and 1-1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. In step S2, the mass ratio of CaO, MgO and P2O5 phosphorus in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 20:4:

12. The animal-derived organic fertilizer is sheep manure and / or cow manure; the animal-derived organic fertilizer comprises 500-600 g·kg. -1 Organic matter; 15–17.0 g·kg -1 N; 20–50 g·kg -1 P2O5; 10–15 g·kg -1 K2O; pH 7-8; One month after applying the tree fertilizer, the following steps are also taken: dig a shallow fertilization trench next to each jackfruit tree, with the trench being 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm deep, and apply fertilizer every 1.5 to 2 months; The fertilizer trenches dug for topdressing should avoid the trenches for tree fertilizer. The fertilizer used for topdressing is a compound fertilizer with a composition of 15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O); Each application of fertilizer should be 400-600 grams per plant; The process includes an irrigation step after the topdressing; the infiltration depth of the irrigation water is 40-50 cm. The fertilization method also includes rotating the fertilization trench in step S1 the following year.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, "after harvesting" refers to 10 to 20 days after harvesting.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the soybean meal organic fertilizer includes: 600g·kg –1 Organic matter, 28 g∙kg -1 N, 30 g∙kg -1 P2O5 and 6 g∙kg -1 K₂O; pH 6.5–7.0; Or, 700 g·kg –1 Organic matter, 20 g∙kg -1 N, 40 g∙kg -1 P2O5 and 5 g∙kg -1 K2O; pH 6.5–7.

0.

4. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, This also includes applying potassium chloride monthly during the flower bud differentiation period until the end of the fruit enlargement period; The amount of potassium chloride used is 100-200 grams.

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