A welding wire selection method, device, medium and equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, medium, and equipment for selecting welding wire. The method includes: acquiring a welding wire selection target and a set of welding wires to be tested; determining the scoring criteria for primary evaluation indicators and secondary evaluation indicators based on the welding wire selection target; the primary evaluation indicators are used to select welding wires for welding process tests based on their inherent properties, and the secondary evaluation indicators are used to select the optimal welding wire based on both the inherent properties of the welding wire and the results of the welding process tests; based on the scoring criteria of the primary evaluation indicators, obtaining the primary evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested, calculating the primary comprehensive score of each welding wire, and obtaining a preliminary selection subset of welding wires based on the primary comprehensive scores; based on the scoring criteria of the secondary evaluation indicators, obtaining the secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the preliminary selection subset of welding wires, calculating the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire, and determining the optimal welding wire based on the secondary comprehensive scores. This invention can reduce the number of welding process tests and improve the objectivity, comprehensiveness, and scientific nature of welding wire selection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method, apparatus, medium, and equipment for selecting welding wire, belonging to the field of welding technology. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by global industrial upgrading and the "dual carbon" target, the construction machinery industry is accelerating its transformation towards green, high-end, and internationalization. The coexistence of lightweight materials such as high-strength steel and aluminum alloys with low-alloy cast steels like ZG230-450 and ZG270-500 in structures places higher demands on the comprehensive performance of welding materials. As a core element determining the quality of welded joints, the rationality of welding wire selection directly affects the load-bearing capacity, fatigue life, and service safety of components.

[0003] The selection of welding wire often relies on manual experience, consulting manuals, or subjective judgment, and there is a lack of systematic selection criteria for welding new materials and dissimilar materials.

[0004] Currently, patents related to welding wire selection mainly focus on matching welding wire diameter, while patents related to welding wire evaluation systems mainly focus on single performance indicators such as strength, wire feeding performance, surface quality, and arc stability.

[0005] Patent CN118635627A discloses a method for selecting the diameter of welding wire for lap welds in automotive chassis structural components. This patent only focuses on the matching between the welding wire diameter and the plate thickness. Patent CN118130746A discloses a test method for quantitatively evaluating the surface quality of aluminum alloy welding wire. This patent only focuses on the surface quality of aluminum alloy welding wire. Related patents on welding wire selection mainly focus on selecting the welding wire size and adapting it to welding process parameters based on the structure, without considering the selection of welding wire material or type.

[0006] Patent CN117983931A discloses a method for quantitatively evaluating the wire feeding stability of aluminum alloy welding wire for long welding torches. This patent only evaluates the wire feeding stability of aluminum alloy welding wire for long welding torches. Patent CN109530955A discloses a device and method for evaluating the welding process performance of gas-shielded welding wire. This patent uses three indicators to evaluate the welding process performance of gas-shielded welding wire. Patents evaluating welding wire mainly focus on mechanical properties such as strength and impact toughness, as well as single, isolated performance dimensions such as the smoothness of the wire feeding process, surface quality, and welding arc stability. While these methods can reflect the quality of welding wire in specific aspects, they lack a systematic, scientific, and effective comprehensive evaluation method, making it difficult to comprehensively and objectively measure the overall performance and value of welding wire in practical applications.

[0007] None of these solutions have developed a multi-dimensional comprehensive welding wire selection method, and they have the following limitations: the indicators are too simplistic and fail to take into account multiple factors such as cost, composition, process performance and service conditions; they rely on a large number of welding process tests, which are time-consuming, material-intensive and inefficient; and they lack quantitative scoring and weight allocation mechanisms, making them highly subjective. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method, apparatus, medium, and equipment for selecting welding wire, which can reduce the number of welding process tests and improve the objectivity, comprehensiveness, and scientific nature of welding wire selection. To achieve the above objective, this invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for selecting welding wire, comprising:

[0010] Obtain the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested;

[0011] Based on the welding wire selection objectives, scoring criteria for primary evaluation indicators and secondary evaluation indicators are determined. The primary evaluation indicators are used to select welding wires for welding process tests based on their inherent properties, while the secondary evaluation indicators are used to select the optimal welding wire based on both the inherent properties of the welding wire and the results of the welding process tests.

[0012] Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested are obtained, the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and a preliminary selection subset of welding wires is obtained from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score.

[0013] Based on the scoring criteria of the secondary evaluation index, the secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset is obtained, the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and the optimal welding wire is determined from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the initial evaluation indicators include multiple initial evaluation items and their corresponding item labels, wherein the item labels correspond to preset weight coefficients;

[0015] The initial evaluation items include at least: welding wire cost, welding wire composition, weld metal strength, weld metal elongation, weld metal impact toughness, welding wire diameter tolerance, and welding wire surface quality.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the secondary evaluation index includes multiple secondary evaluation items and their corresponding item labels, wherein the item labels correspond to preset weight coefficients;

[0017] The secondary evaluation items include at least: initial screening results, non-destructive testing results of welded joints, welded joint strength, welded joint impact performance, welded joint bending performance, weld formation results, microstructure results, arc stability, wire feeding stability, slag removal performance, and welding fume quantity.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the overall score of each welding wire can be calculated, including:

[0019] Based on the Type of welding wire The scores of various evaluation items The entropy weight of each evaluation item is calculated using the entropy weight method.

[0020] The preset weight coefficient corresponding to the project label is multiplied by the entropy weight of each evaluation item to obtain the comprehensive weight of each evaluation item.

[0021] Based on the evaluation data, the comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated using the comprehensive weight of each evaluation item.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the statement based on the first aspect... Type of welding wire The scores of various evaluation items The entropy weight of each evaluation item is calculated using the entropy weight method, including:

[0023] The first Type of welding wire The scores of various evaluation indicators Standardization, expressed by equation (1):

[0024] (1)

[0025] In equation (1), Standardized scores; The range of values ​​is , This represents the number of welding wires in the set. The range of values ​​is , To evaluate the number of projects;

[0026] Calculate the first Type of welding wire Numerical weight of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (2):

[0027] (2);

[0028] Calculate the first Entropy value of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (3):

[0029] (3);

[0030] Calculate the first coefficient of variation of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (4):

[0031] (4);

[0032] Calculate the first Entropy weight of evaluation projects Calculated using equation (5):

[0033] , (5).

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the preliminary selection of a subset of welding wires from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score includes:

[0035] Initialize the threshold for the initial comprehensive score, and only retain welding wires with an initial comprehensive score higher than the threshold to enter the initial selection subset of welding wires.

[0036] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the secondary evaluation data for each welding wire in the preliminary welding wire subset is obtained based on the scoring criteria of the secondary evaluation index, including:

[0037] If the welding wire matching database is queried, and welding process test results that meet the welding wire selection target exist in the initial selection of welding wire subset, then the result is directly used as the secondary evaluation index data; otherwise, welding process tests are conducted according to the welding wire selection target to obtain the secondary evaluation index data.

[0038] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a welding wire selection device, comprising:

[0039] Acquisition module: used to acquire the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested;

[0040] Evaluation index determination module: used to determine the scoring criteria for primary evaluation index and secondary evaluation index based on the welding wire selection target; the primary evaluation index is used to select welding wire for welding process test based on the inherent properties of the welding wire, and the secondary evaluation index is used to select the optimal welding wire based on the inherent properties of the welding wire and the results of welding process test.

[0041] Initial screening module: Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, it obtains the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested, calculates the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire, and selects a preliminary subset of welding wires from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score.

[0042] Secondary screening module: Based on the scoring criteria of secondary evaluation indicators, it obtains secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset, calculates the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire, and determines the optimal welding wire from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score.

[0043] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the welding wire selection method described in the first aspect.

[0044] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising:

[0045] Memory, used to store computer programs / instructions;

[0046] A processor for executing the computer program / instructions to implement the steps of the welding wire selection method described in the first aspect.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the welding wire selection method, apparatus, medium, and equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention include:

[0048] This invention obtains the target selection criteria and the set of welding wires to be tested for welding wire selection; based on the target selection criteria, it determines the scoring standards for the initial evaluation index and the secondary evaluation index; the initial evaluation index is used to select welding wires for welding process testing based on their inherent properties, and the secondary evaluation index is used to select the optimal welding wire based on both the inherent properties and the results of the welding process testing; the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and a preliminary selection subset of welding wires is obtained from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score; the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and the optimal welding wire is determined from the preliminary selection subset based on the secondary comprehensive score; this invention, by constructing a two-level evaluation system, firstly performs an initial screening based on the inherent properties of the welding wires, which can effectively eliminate mismatched welding wire models, reduce the number of welding wires to be tested for welding process qualification, save test materials, labor costs and time, and improve selection efficiency;

[0049] The initial evaluation items of this invention include at least: welding wire cost, welding wire composition, weld metal strength, weld metal elongation, weld metal impact toughness, welding wire diameter tolerance, and welding wire surface quality; the secondary evaluation items include at least: initial screening results, non-destructive testing results of welded joints, welded joint strength, welded joint impact performance, welded joint bending performance, weld formation results, microstructure results, arc stability, wire feeding stability, slag removal performance, and welding fume quantity; this invention not only focuses on welding wire cost and welding wire quality, but also incorporates welded joint quality indicators, welding process performance indicators, and service condition performance into the evaluation scope, providing comprehensive, multi-level evaluation indicators, considering "the welding wire itself," "welding behavior," and "component service," resulting in a more comprehensive selection result;

[0050] This invention uses the entropy weight method to calculate the entropy weight of each evaluation item, which overcomes the drawback of traditional methods relying too much on subjective experience, transforms qualitative experience into quantitative parameters, and makes the selection results more scientific and reliable.

[0051] This invention solves the problems of large number of tests, strong subjectivity and single evaluation dimensions in the current selection of welding wire. It can reduce the number of welding process tests and improve the objectivity, comprehensiveness and scientific nature of welding wire selection. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a welding wire selection method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for selecting welding wire, including:

[0056] Obtain the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested;

[0057] Based on the welding wire selection objectives, scoring criteria for primary evaluation indicators and secondary evaluation indicators are determined. The primary evaluation indicators are used to select welding wires for welding process tests based on their inherent properties, while the secondary evaluation indicators are used to select the optimal welding wire based on both the inherent properties of the welding wire and the results of the welding process tests.

[0058] Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested are obtained, the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and a preliminary selection subset of welding wires is obtained from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score.

[0059] Based on the scoring criteria of the secondary evaluation index, the secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset is obtained, the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and the optimal welding wire is determined from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score.

[0060] The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows.

[0061] Step 1: Obtain the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested.

[0062] In this embodiment, the selection criteria for welding wire include, but are not limited to, weld design requirements, base material and plate thickness, the component, structure and location of the weld, and the quality requirements of the welded component.

[0063] The welding wire matching database is queried, and welding wires are initially screened based on key factors such as base material composition and strength. Welding wires that do not meet the design and quality requirements, do not meet the relevant welding wire standards, or whose composition is obviously mismatched with the base material are eliminated, thus obtaining the set of welding wires to be tested.

[0064] It should be noted that the number of welding wires to be tested exceeds 10. If the number of welding wires to be tested is less than 10, similar welding wires should be selected from previously used welding wires or databases for evaluation to improve the accuracy of the evaluation results.

[0065] Step 2: Based on the welding wire selection objectives, determine the scoring criteria for the primary evaluation indicators and the secondary evaluation indicators. The primary evaluation indicators are used to select welding wires for welding process tests based on their inherent properties, while the secondary evaluation indicators are used to select the optimal welding wire based on both the inherent properties of the welding wire and the results of the welding process tests.

[0066] Step 2.1: Determine the scoring criteria for the initial evaluation indicators.

[0067] The initial evaluation indicators include multiple initial evaluation items and their corresponding item labels.

[0068] The initial evaluation indicator item labels correspond to preset weight coefficients.

[0069] The initial evaluation items should include at least: welding wire cost, welding wire composition, weld metal strength, weld metal elongation, weld metal impact toughness, welding wire diameter tolerance, and welding wire surface quality.

[0070] In this embodiment, the initial evaluation indicators are tagged as key indicators, important indicators, and general indicators. Welding wire cost, welding wire composition, deposited metal strength, deposited metal elongation, and deposited metal impact toughness are key indicators. Welding wire diameter tolerance and welding wire surface quality are general indicators.

[0071] In this embodiment, based on the target of welding wire selection, diffusible hydrogen content and suitable welding position are additionally set as important indicators.

[0072] In some embodiments, the number of project tags can be increased or decreased according to actual needs, for example, they can be divided into most critical indicators, key indicators, important indicators, secondary indicators and general indicators.

[0073] It should be noted that the welding wire cost, deposited metal strength, deposited metal impact toughness, deposited metal elongation, diffusible hydrogen content, and welding wire diameter tolerance are indicators that are easy to quantify, and the scoring criteria adopt the interpolation method.

[0074] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for welding wire cost. The highest and lowest prices of all welding wires in the test set are identified. The welding wire with the highest price receives 0 points in the cost category, and the welding wire with the lowest price receives 5 points. Other welding wire prices are calculated by interpolation based on the highest and lowest prices and their scores, as shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Examples of Welding Wire Cost Scoring Criteria

[0076]

[0077] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the strength of the deposited metal. The optimal strength is determined based on design and quality requirements, base metal strength, weld structure, and past experience. For example, if the base metal strength is 500 MPa, the optimal strength of the deposited metal is set to 500 MPa to achieve equal strength matching between the weld and the base metal. For high-strength steels such as Q1100, a low-strength matching is generally adopted to improve the ductility and toughness of the weld, such as selecting a welding wire with a yield strength of 940 MPa. For dissimilar material welding, for example, if the strength of base metal 1 is 900 MPa and the strength of base metal 2 is 700 MPa, the optimal strength of the deposited metal is taken as the median value of 800 MPa.

[0078] A score of 5 is awarded when the strength of the deposited metal equals the optimal strength. A score of 0 is awarded when the strength of the deposited metal exceeds or falls below the optimal strength by 30%. A score of 0 is also awarded when the strength is below the minimum value specified in the standard. Other welding wire strengths are calculated by interpolation based on the highest score (optimal strength, 5 points) and the lowest score (the highest strength among the 0 points), as shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the optimal strength is 800 MPa.

[0079] Table 2 Examples of weld metal strength scoring criteria

[0080]

[0081] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the impact toughness of weld metal. The minimum impact temperature, for example -50℃, is determined based on design and quality requirements, service environment, and the impact toughness of the base material. The impact energy of each welding wire at this temperature is compared; the wire with the highest impact energy receives 5 points, and the wire with the lowest receives 0 points. A wire with impact toughness below the minimum value specified in the standard also receives 0 points. The scores for other welding wire impact toughness indicators are calculated by interpolation based on the highest and lowest scores, as shown in Table 3.

[0082] Table 3 Examples of Impact Toughness Scoring Criteria for Deposited Metal

[0083]

[0084] The scoring criteria for weld metal elongation, diffusible hydrogen content, and wire diameter tolerance are similar to the interpolation methods in Tables 1, 2, and 3. First, find the maximum and minimum values ​​for each indicator, assigning the highest score of 5 points and the lowest score of 0 points, respectively. Then, interpolate the values ​​for each indicator for other welding wires to obtain the scores for all welding wires on this secondary indicator.

[0085] It should be noted that the welding wire composition, welding wire surface quality, and suitable welding position are non-quantitative indicators. This embodiment provides specific scoring criteria.

[0086] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for welding wire composition. If the main component of the welding wire is essentially the same as that of the base metal, and the welding wire and base metal are weldable, 3 points are awarded. If the welding wire contains desired beneficial elements or the content of beneficial elements is increased (e.g., increasing the Ni content to increase toughness), 0.5 points are added for each element. If the welding wire contains unwanted harmful elements or the content of harmful elements is higher than other welding wires (e.g., significantly higher P and S content), 0.5 points are deducted for each element. The highest score is 5 points, and the lowest score is 0 points.

[0087] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the surface quality of welding wire. The surface of the welding wire is visually inspected to check for smoothness, burrs, scratches, rust, scale, and other defects. The uniformity of the flux-cored wire's filler material is also checked. A good surface quality earns 5 points. A fair surface quality earns 3 points. A poor surface quality earns 0 points.

[0088] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for suitable welding positions. Suitable for all-position welding, 5 points. Only suitable for flat welding and fillet welding, 2 points. For situations where welding positions are limited, the weight of the welding position index is increased.

[0089] Step 2.2: Determine the scoring criteria for the secondary evaluation indicators.

[0090] The secondary evaluation indicators include multiple secondary evaluation items and their corresponding item labels.

[0091] The secondary evaluation indicator item labels correspond to preset weight coefficients.

[0092] The secondary evaluation items should include at least: initial screening results, non-destructive testing results of welded joints, welded joint strength, welded joint impact performance, welded joint bending performance, weld formation results, microstructure results, arc stability, wire feeding stability, slag removal performance, and welding fume quantity.

[0093] In this embodiment, the secondary evaluation index items include initial screening index, welded joint quality index, welding process performance index, and service condition performance index.

[0094] In this embodiment, the initial screening results belong to the initial screening indicators. The non-destructive testing results of the welded joint, weld formation results, welded joint strength, welded joint bending performance, and microstructure results belong to the welded joint quality indicators. Arc stability, wire feeding stability, slag removal performance, and welding fume quantity belong to the welding process performance indicators. The impact performance of the welded joint belongs to the service condition performance indicators.

[0095] In this embodiment, based on the welding wire selection objectives, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance are additionally set as performance indicators for service conditions.

[0096] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the non-destructive testing results of welded joints. Non-destructive testing is performed according to the quality requirements of the welded parts; a passing result receives 5 points, a failing result receives 0 points, and a repaired weld that passes the test receives 3 points.

[0097] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for weld formation results. The weld joint is visually inspected according to the quality requirements of the welded parts. A weld that is qualified receives 5 points, an unqualified weld receives 0 points, and a weld that is qualified after repair receives 3 points.

[0098] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for weld joint strength. The strength of the weld joint is evaluated with reference to the index of deposited metal strength. Compatibility between the base material and the welding wire is ensured.

[0099] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the bending performance of welded joints. The bending test of the welded joint is conducted according to the quality requirements of the welded parts. A passing test receives 5 points, a failing test receives 0 points, and a repaired joint that passes the test receives 3 points.

[0100] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the microstructure results of welded joints. The scoring is based on the microstructure of the weld and the heat-affected zone. If both are normal microstructures, 5 points are awarded. If harmful microstructures are present, 0.5 points are deducted for each harmful microstructure found. If microscopic defects are present, 0.5 points are deducted for each defect found.

[0101] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for arc stability. Depending on available resources and requirements, methods such as manual observation, electrical signals, ultrasound, and image recognition can be selected to analyze arc stability, and a score can be assigned based on the observation results. The highest score is 5 points, and the lowest score is 0 points.

[0102] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for wire feeding stability. Analyzing wire feeding stability is done through methods such as manual observation, changes in wire feeding speed, and a wire feeding resistance detection system, based on individual conditions and requirements. Smooth wire feeding earns 5 points; occasional wire feeding difficulties earn 3 points; frequent wire feeding difficulties earn 0 points.

[0103] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for slag removal performance. 5 points are awarded for no slag after welding or for slag that falls off automatically without the need for cleaning. 3.5 points are awarded for slag that is easily removed with a wire brush or other tools in a short time with minimal impact on production efficiency. 2 points are awarded for slag that can be removed with tools but takes a long time. 0 points are awarded for slag that cannot be removed after welding.

[0104] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for welding fume volume. The amount of fume during welding is recorded by manual observation, video recording, or timed photography. A large amount of fume receives 0 points, a small amount receives 5 points, and a moderate amount receives 3 points.

[0105] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for the impact performance of welded joints. If the welded joint operates under impact loads for a long period of time, its impact resistance must be considered. Impact tests are conducted on the welded joint or weldment, and based on the test results, the impact resistance of the welded joint or weldment is scored by quantifying the impact toughness index of the deposited metal.

[0106] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for corrosion resistance. If the welded joint operates in a corrosive environment for a long time, its corrosion resistance must be considered. Corrosion tests are conducted on the welded joint according to the type of corrosion and the corrosive medium. Welding wire with good corrosion resistance receives 5 points, average resistance receives 3 points, and non-corrosion resistant wire receives 0 points.

[0107] This embodiment provides a scoring standard for fatigue resistance. If the welded joint operates under fatigue loads for a long period of time, its fatigue resistance must be considered. Fatigue tests are conducted on the welded joint or bench tests on the welded component. Based on the test results, the fatigue resistance of the welded joint or welded component is scored by quantifying the impact toughness index of the deposited metal.

[0108] It should be noted that the tests for corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance have long testing cycles and complicated processes, and are optional items among the important indicators.

[0109] It should be noted that secondary evaluation indicators can be added, removed, or replaced with primary evaluation indicators based on actual conditions such as welding method, welding structure, welding wire type, and focus. If a secondary evaluation item is not of concern based on the welding wire selection objective, that evaluation item can be deleted. For particularly critical secondary evaluation items, they should be listed as the most critical indicators or listed as primary evaluation indicators separately, and assigned a higher weight coefficient.

[0110] For example, for welded components subjected to impact loads, the requirements for the ductility and toughness of the weld metal are high. Therefore, a most critical indicator is added to the primary evaluation index, and elongation and impact toughness are included as secondary evaluation indicators within the primary evaluation index of the most critical indicator, with higher weights assigned to these primary evaluation indicators. For welded components with complex structures, high rigidity, and high carbon equivalent in the base material, cracks are prone to occur during welding. Therefore, indicators such as cold crack sensitivity can be added, and the weights of indicators such as diffusible hydrogen content and impact toughness can be increased.

[0111] This embodiment constructs a secondary evaluation index for welding wire from multiple dimensions, including welding wire cost, welding wire quality, welding wire composition, welding wire performance, welded joint quality, welding process performance, and service condition performance. The scoring criteria for each secondary item are quantified, especially for non-quantifiable indicators such as microstructure, slag removal performance, and welding fume quantity. This avoids the one-sidedness of evaluating based on a single or a few indicators.

[0112] The initial and secondary evaluation indicators set in this embodiment not only focus on attributes such as welding wire cost and welding wire quality, but also include welding joint quality indicators, welding process performance indicators, and service condition performance in the evaluation scope, providing comprehensive and multi-level evaluation indicators that take into account "the welding wire itself", "welding behavior" and "component service", resulting in a more comprehensive selection result.

[0113] This embodiment constructs a two-level evaluation system. First, it performs an initial screening based on the inherent properties of the welding wire, which can effectively eliminate mismatched welding wire models, reduce the number of welding wires required for welding process qualification tests, save test materials, labor costs and time, and improve selection efficiency.

[0114] Step 3: Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, obtain the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested, calculate the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire, and select a preliminary subset of welding wires from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score.

[0115] In this embodiment, the welding wire matching database is queried. If there are welding process test results for welding wires in the initial selection subset that meet the welding wire selection target, the results are directly used as secondary evaluation index data. If not, welding process tests are conducted according to the welding wire selection target to obtain secondary evaluation index data.

[0116] Step 3.1: Based on the first Type of welding wire The scores of various evaluation items The entropy weight of each evaluation item is calculated using the entropy weight method.

[0117] Step 3.1.1: Place the first Type of welding wire The scores of various evaluation indicators Standardization, expressed by equation (1):

[0118] (1)

[0119] In equation (1), Standardized scores; The range of values ​​is , This represents the number of welding wires in the set. The range of values ​​is , To evaluate the number of projects.

[0120] Step 3.1.2: Calculate the first... Type of welding wire Numerical weight of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (2):

[0121] , (2).

[0122] Step 3.1.3: Calculate the first... Entropy value of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (3):

[0123] , (3).

[0124] Step 3.1.4: Calculate the first... coefficient of variation of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (4):

[0125] , (4).

[0126] Step 3.1.4: Calculate the first... Entropy weight of evaluation projects Calculated using equation (5):

[0127] , (5).

[0128] Step 3.2: Assign the preset weight coefficients to the project tags. Entropy weights of each evaluation item Multiply by each item to obtain the overall weight of each evaluation item. .

[0129] In this embodiment, the preset weight coefficient for key indicators is 0.6, the preset weight coefficient for important indicators is 0.3, and the preset weight coefficient for general indicators is 0.1.

[0130] Step 3.3: Based on the evaluation data, calculate the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire using the comprehensive weight of each evaluation item.

[0131] This can be expressed by equation (6):

[0132] (6)

[0133] In equation (6), The overall score is calculated based on the total score.

[0134] In this embodiment, to facilitate viewing the scores, the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire is displayed using a 5-point scale. The initial comprehensive scores of each welding wire are shown in Table 4.

[0135] Table 4 Examples of initial comprehensive scores for each welding wire

[0136]

[0137] Step 3.4: Initialize the threshold for the initial comprehensive score, and only retain welding wires with an initial comprehensive score higher than the threshold to enter the initial selection subset of welding wires.

[0138] In this embodiment, welding wires with an initial comprehensive score higher than 2.5 are retained for secondary screening. Specifically, welding wires 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 12 are retained as a subset of the initial selected welding wires.

[0139] It should be noted that the number of welding wires to be screened in the secondary selection can be chosen according to the actual situation. If the initial selection of welding wires in the sub-group is less than 10, other welding wires with welding procedure qualification test results can be added to the database for evaluation to improve the accuracy of the analysis.

[0140] This embodiment uses the entropy weight method to calculate the entropy weight of each evaluation item, which overcomes the drawback of traditional methods that rely too much on subjective experience, transforms qualitative experience into quantitative parameters, and makes the selection results more scientific and reliable.

[0141] This embodiment uses the entropy weight method to perform preliminary screening of welding wires based on indicators such as welding wire cost, quality, composition, and performance. This identifies welding wires with significant secondary influence and those best suited to the base metal. Preliminary screening effectively reduces the number of welding procedure qualification tests, accelerates testing speed, saves test materials and time, and ensures the scientific rigor of the evaluation.

[0142] Step 4: Based on the scoring criteria of the secondary evaluation index, obtain the secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset, calculate the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire, and determine the optimal welding wire from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score.

[0143] Step 4.1: Based on the first Type of welding wire The scores of various evaluation items The entropy weight of each evaluation item is calculated using the entropy weight method.

[0144] The entropy weights of each secondary evaluation item in the secondary evaluation index are obtained by using the same steps as in steps 3.1.1 to 3.1.4.

[0145] Step 4.2: Multiply the preset weight coefficient corresponding to the project label by the entropy weight of each evaluation project to obtain the comprehensive weight of each evaluation project.

[0146] In this embodiment, the preset weighting coefficient for the initial screening index is 0.5, the preset weighting coefficient for the welded joint quality index is 0.3, the preset weighting coefficient for the welding process performance index is 0.1, and the preset weighting coefficient for the service condition performance index is 0.2.

[0147] Step 4.3: Based on the evaluation data, calculate the comprehensive score of each welding wire by using the secondary comprehensive weight of each evaluation item.

[0148] Using the same steps as in step 3.3, calculate the secondary comprehensive score for each welding wire.

[0149] In this embodiment, to facilitate viewing the scores, the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire is displayed using a 5-point scale. The secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire is shown in Table 5.

[0150] Table 5 Examples of secondary comprehensive scores for each welding wire

[0151]

[0152] Referring to Table 5, in this embodiment, welding wire 4 is the optimal welding wire.

[0153] This embodiment solves the problems of large number of tests, strong subjectivity and single evaluation dimensions in the current selection of welding wire. It can reduce the number of welding process tests and improve the objectivity, comprehensiveness and scientific nature of welding wire selection.

[0154] Example 2:

[0155] This embodiment provides a welding wire selection device, including:

[0156] Acquisition module: used to acquire the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested;

[0157] Evaluation index determination module: used to determine the scoring criteria for primary evaluation index and secondary evaluation index based on the welding wire selection target; the primary evaluation index is used to select welding wire for welding process test based on the inherent properties of the welding wire, and the secondary evaluation index is used to select the optimal welding wire based on the inherent properties of the welding wire and the results of welding process test.

[0158] Initial screening module: Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, it obtains the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested, calculates the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire, and selects a preliminary subset of welding wires from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score.

[0159] Secondary screening module: Based on the scoring criteria of secondary evaluation indicators, it obtains secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset, calculates the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire, and determines the optimal welding wire from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score.

[0160] Example 3:

[0161] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program / instruction thereon. When the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the welding wire selection method provided in Embodiment 1.

[0162] Example 4:

[0163] This embodiment provides a computer device, including:

[0164] Memory, used to store computer programs / instructions;

[0165] A processor is used to execute the computer program / instructions to implement the steps of the welding wire selection method provided in Embodiment 1.

[0166] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0167] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0168] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0169] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0170] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of selecting a welding wire, characterized by, include: Obtain the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested; Based on the welding wire selection objectives, the scoring criteria for the initial evaluation indicators and the secondary evaluation indicators were determined. The initial evaluation index is used to select welding wires for welding process tests based on the inherent properties of the welding wires, and the secondary evaluation index is used to select the optimal welding wire based on the inherent properties of the welding wires and the results of welding process tests. Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested are obtained, the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and a preliminary selection subset of welding wires is obtained from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score. Based on the scoring criteria of the secondary evaluation index, the secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset is obtained, the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated, and the optimal welding wire is determined from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score. The initial composite score and the secondary composite score are both calculated using the following methods: Based on the first The welding wire The score of the evaluation item The entropy weight of each evaluation item is calculated by using an entropy weight method, including: The score of the evaluation index of the welding wire is calculated by the following equation (1). The score of the evaluation index of the welding wire is calculated by the following equation (1). The score of the evaluation index of the welding wire is calculated by the following equation (1). The score of the evaluation index of the welding wire is ，（1）， In equation (1), Standardized scores; The range of values ​​is , This represents the number of welding wires in the set. The range of values ​​is , To evaluate the number of projects; Calculate the first Type of welding wire Numerical weight of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (2): ，（2）； Calculate the first Entropy value of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (3): ，（3）； Calculate the first coefficient of variation of various evaluation items Calculated using equation (4): ，（4）； Calculate the first Entropy weight of evaluation projects Calculated using equation (5): ，（5）； The project tags are assigned to preset weight coefficients. Entropy weights of each evaluation item Multiply by each item to obtain the overall weight of each evaluation item. ; Based on the evaluation data, the comprehensive score of each welding wire is calculated using the comprehensive weight of each evaluation item, and is expressed by equation (6): ，（6）， In equation (6), The overall score is calculated based on the total score.

2. The welding wire selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial evaluation indicators include multiple initial evaluation items and their corresponding item labels, and the item labels correspond to preset weight coefficients. The initial evaluation items include at least: welding wire cost, welding wire composition, weld metal strength, weld metal elongation, weld metal impact toughness, welding wire diameter tolerance, and welding wire surface quality.

3. The welding wire selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary evaluation index includes multiple secondary evaluation items and their corresponding item labels, and the item labels correspond to preset weight coefficients; The secondary evaluation items include at least: initial screening results, non-destructive testing results of welded joints, welded joint strength, welded joint impact performance, welded joint bending performance, weld formation results, microstructure results, arc stability, wire feeding stability, slag removal performance, and welding fume quantity.

4. The welding wire selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preliminary selection subset of welding wires is obtained from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score, including: Initialize the threshold for the initial comprehensive score, and only retain welding wires with an initial comprehensive score higher than the threshold to enter the initial selection subset of welding wires.

5. The welding wire selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scoring criteria based on secondary evaluation indicators yield secondary evaluation data for each welding wire in the initial selected welding wire subset, including: If the welding wire matching database is queried, and welding process test results that meet the welding wire selection target exist in the initial selection of welding wire subset, then the result is directly used as the secondary evaluation index data; otherwise, welding process tests are conducted according to the welding wire selection target to obtain the secondary evaluation index data.

6. A welding wire selection device for performing the welding wire selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Acquisition module: used to acquire the target welding wire selection and the set of welding wires to be tested; Evaluation index determination module: used to determine the scoring criteria for primary and secondary evaluation indexes based on the welding wire selection target; The initial evaluation index is used to select welding wires for welding process tests based on the inherent properties of the welding wires, and the secondary evaluation index is used to select the optimal welding wire based on the inherent properties of the welding wires and the results of welding process tests. Initial screening module: Based on the scoring criteria of the initial evaluation index, it obtains the initial evaluation data of each welding wire in the set of welding wires to be tested, calculates the initial comprehensive score of each welding wire, and selects a preliminary subset of welding wires from the set of welding wires to be tested based on the initial comprehensive score. Secondary screening module: Based on the scoring criteria of secondary evaluation indicators, it obtains secondary evaluation data of each welding wire in the initial selection welding wire subset, calculates the secondary comprehensive score of each welding wire, and determines the optimal welding wire from the initial selection welding wire subset based on the secondary comprehensive score.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the welding wire selection method according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs / instructions; A processor for executing the computer program / instructions to implement the steps of the welding wire selection method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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