Lathe spindle mechanism with integrated chuck drive and built-in center

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of integrated chuck drive and built-in center lathe spindle mechanism, including lathe spindle, the side of lathe spindle is equipped with hollow rotary oil cylinder, the other side of lathe spindle is equipped with chuck mechanism, the inside of lathe spindle is also equipped with center element, the inside of center element is equipped with first gas path passage, one end of first gas path passage is connected with air pressure detection element in machine tool interior by gas path assembly, the inner groove of part end portion after chuck mechanism clamping part can be attached to the sharp part of center element to block the other end of first gas path passage, the pull rod element of hollow rotary oil cylinder is connected to chuck mechanism;The present application drives chuck mechanism by hollow rotary oil cylinder, and coaxial built-in adjustable center auxiliary support, gas path detection feedback system and the pull rod of hollow rotary oil cylinder are integrated in the inside of spindle, to realize the high-precision, high-stability automation processing to part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lathe equipment technology, and more specifically to a lathe spindle mechanism integrating chuck drive and built-in center point. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision machining, the finishing of the outer diameter of pan-head long shaft parts is usually completed in two processes on a horizontal CNC lathe. The first process uses a three-jaw hydraulic chuck to hold the pan-head part of the part and turns the outer diameter of the shaft. The second process changes the clamping method, using the chuck to fix the shaft and then performing finishing on the pan-head part. Although this process arrangement can meet basic machining requirements, for slender shaft parts with a large length-to-diameter ratio, relying solely on the outer diameter positioning of the chuck is insufficient to guarantee strict dimensional tolerances, concentricity, and radial runout accuracy requirements. Because long shafts are susceptible to elastic deformation under the influence of cutting forces during machining, and the axial distance between the chuck clamping surface and the machining area is relatively large, geometric errors will amplify with the overhang length.

[0003] The authorization announcement number CN223114194U discloses a coaxial accuracy measuring device for a lathe center rest. The device includes a lathe, a chuck, an adjusting sleeve, a gauge bar, a center rest, and a tailstock. The chuck is connected to the spindle of the lathe via a drive, the adjusting sleeve is fixedly connected to the chuck, the center rest is provided with a fixing screw for locking the jaws, and the center rest is provided with an adjusting screw for adjusting the movement of the center rest.

[0004] However, the integration of the lathe spindle in this solution still has some problems: 1. Firstly, the chuck is fixedly connected to the lathe spindle, and the lathe spindle cannot directly control the clamping or loosening of the chuck. At this time, a front-mounted cylinder or manual drive is used instead of hydraulic. The cylinder method has high requirements for the air source, and its reliability and clamping force are not as good as hydraulic drive, which makes the cost of the drive cylinder higher. However, the manual drive chuck cannot meet the needs of automated processing. 2. When the pan head long rod type shaft parts are fixedly clamped inside the lathe spindle or chuck, if the parts are clamped by the chuck alone, it cannot be ensured that the concentricity of each outer cylindrical surface meets the requirements after two processing. Moreover, the parts are not clamped by the chuck alone, which does not provide sufficient support rigidity and increases runout error. 3. How to further integrate the chuck and lathe spindle to achieve linkage while ensuring concentricity and support during the clamping process is also a problem that needs to be considered. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problem of how lathe spindles and chucks can accurately position and stably clamp pan-head long rod shaft parts. It proposes a lathe spindle mechanism integrating a chuck drive and a built-in center. The chuck mechanism is driven by a hollow rotary cylinder, and an adjustable center auxiliary support, an air circuit detection and feedback system, and the pull rod of the hollow rotary cylinder are coaxially integrated inside the spindle, thereby achieving high-precision and high-stability automated machining of parts.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a lathe spindle mechanism integrating chuck drive and built-in center, comprising a lathe spindle, wherein the interior of the lathe spindle is hollow and a hollow rotary cylinder is provided on one side of the lathe spindle, the outer housing of the hollow rotary cylinder is connected to the interior of the lathe through a flange, a chuck mechanism for clamping parts is provided on the other side of the lathe spindle, a center element is also provided inside the lathe spindle, the center element has a first air passage, one end of the first air passage is connected to a pneumatic detection element inside the machine tool for detecting changes in the air pressure of the first air passage through an air passage assembly, after the chuck mechanism clamps the part, the inner groove at the end of the part can fit against the sharp part of the center element to block the other end of the first air passage, and the pull rod element of the hollow rotary cylinder is connected to a drive end on the chuck mechanism for driving the clamping jaws to slide.

[0007] Preferably, the pull rod element includes a hollow pull rod front part, a pull rod middle part, and a pull rod rear part, with the front, middle, and rear parts of the pull rod detachably connected. The tip element is located in the rear part of the pull rod, and the air circuit assembly passes through the hollow area of ​​the pull rod element and the hollow area of ​​the hollow rotary cylinder to connect to the air pressure detection element inside the machine tool.

[0008] Preferably, the inner wall of the lathe spindle is provided with a center mounting component, the interior of which is provided with a limiting groove for the center element and a second air passage, and one end of the air passage assembly is connected to the end of the second air passage.

[0009] Preferably, the tip element includes a columnar portion, a sharp portion, and an annular portion. The sharp portion is disposed at one end of the columnar portion, and the annular portion is disposed on the side wall of the columnar portion. The tip mounting member is also provided with a tip adjustment pad on the side wall near the limiting inner groove. The columnar portion of the tip element away from the sharp portion is threadedly connected to the inside of the limiting inner groove. When the columnar portion is installed inside the limiting inner groove, the annular portion fits against the tip adjustment pad.

[0010] Preferably, the air pressure detection element is a capacitive pressure sensor. The air circuit assembly includes an air plug body, a flared straight-through pipe connector, and an air pipe. The air plug body is located inside the front end of the pull rod near the hollow rotary cylinder. A flared straight-through pipe connector is located inside the air nozzle on one side of the air plug body and at the end of the second air circuit channel. Adjacent flared straight-through pipe connectors are connected by an air pipe. The other side of the air plug body is connected to the air pressure detection element through an air pipe. This arrangement is to enable the tip element to automatically detect whether the inner groove at the end of the part is completely engaged with the sharp part.

[0011] Preferably, the chuck mechanism includes a chuck flange, a chuck body, a chuck mouth support sleeve, a jaw support, a clamping jaw, and an annular guide. One side of the chuck flange is connected to one end of the lathe spindle, and the other side of the chuck flange is connected to the chuck body. One side surface of the chuck body is provided with several grooves, and a hollow chuck mouth support sleeve is installed in the middle. The other side of the chuck body is provided with an annular inner groove, through which the workpiece to be processed can pass and fit against the sharp part of the center element. Each groove is provided with a jaw support slidably connected inside. The side of the jaw support near the surface of the chuck body is connected to a clamping jaw. An annular guide is slidably connected inside the annular inner groove. The inclined guide groove inside the annular guide is connected to an inclined guide plate on one side of the jaw support. The rear part of the pull rod is connected to one side of the annular guide. The position change of the annular guide can change the position of the inclined guide groove, thereby driving the jaw support to slide relative to the inside of the groove through the inclined guide plate.

[0012] Preferably, the inclined guide plate has a limiting support block in the middle, the surface of the annular guide has a relief groove adapted to the width of the limiting support block, and the annular guide also has an annular drive in the middle. The rear of the pull rod is connected to the annular drive. This arrangement is to prevent the claw support from axially deviating when it slides under the guidance drive between the inclined guide groove and the inclined guide plate.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the annular guide is provided with an annular groove, and the annular boss on the side wall of the annular drive is engaged inside the annular groove. The rear part of the pull rod is composed of several slender connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod is connected to the end of the middle part of the pull rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the annular drive.

[0014] Preferably, one end of the chuck mouth support sleeve passes through the chuck body and is secured inside the annular guide. The inner diameter of the chuck mouth support sleeve is the same as the inner diameter of the annular drive component. This arrangement is to ensure that the rod of the part can pass through the chuck mouth support sleeve and the annular drive component as much as possible until it reaches the sharp part of the tip element.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The core component driving the chuck mechanism in this solution is a hollow rotary cylinder, which provides hydraulic drive. This cylinder is directly mounted on the tail of the lathe spindle via a flange. The connecting rod element at the end of the piston rod inside the hollow rotary cylinder passes through the machine tool spindle and into the chuck mechanism. The entire structure is compact and requires no additional external drive mechanism, solving the problems of reliability and clamping force. Hydraulic drive can provide a clamping force much greater than that of pneumatic drive, and it runs more smoothly and has higher reliability, making it particularly suitable for heavy cutting machining.

[0017] 2. A first air passage and a second air passage are respectively opened inside the top component and the top mounting part. The air passage component connected to the second air passage is connected to the air pressure detection element, so that the top component, which only has mechanical positioning, has pneumatic sensing function. Subsequently, the sharp part of the top component and the inner groove of one end of the part are accurately detected in real time by air pressure changes. This provides intelligent and quantifiable feedback for the clamping process of the chuck mechanism, and further reflects high-precision positioning, ensuring the concentricity of each outer surface during the processing, significantly reducing runout error, and thus improving dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

[0018] 3. Chuck mechanisms often require driving force to clamp and release the chuck jaws. Within the extremely limited space of a machine tool spindle, both tie rod elements and center elements are arranged. The center elements are fixed to the inner wall of the spindle via center mounting components. The rear of the tie rod of the tie rod element is designed to consist of multiple slender connecting rods. These connecting rods pass through the central center mounting component and transmit the tension to the chuck mechanism. This achieves efficient integration of the two functions of "driving the tie rod to move back and forth" and "providing support through the built-in center" within the same axial space, without interference between them.

[0019] 4. The axial position of the center element is finely adjusted by the center adjustment shim to adapt to workpieces of different lengths, giving the special mechanism good versatility. This structural optimization for adaptability is substantial. At the same time, the limiting support block on the inclined guide plate cooperates with the clearance groove on the annular guide to prevent the chuck support from axially shifting during sliding, ensuring motion accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention in Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of region A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the chuck mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the chuck mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the chuck mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the present invention.

[0028] Markings in the diagram: 1. Lathe spindle; 2. Hollow rotary cylinder; 21. Tie rod element; 211. Front part of tie rod; 212. Middle part of tie rod; 213. Rear part of tie rod; 3. Chuck mechanism; 31. Chuck flange; 32. Chuck body; 33. Chuck mouth support sleeve; 34. Jaw support; 35. Clamping jaw; 36. Annular guide; 37. Annular drive; 321. Slide groove; 322. Annular inner groove; 341. Inclined guide plate; 342. Limiting support block 361. Inclined guide groove; 362. Clearance groove; 363. Annular groove; 371. Annular boss; 4. Top element; 41. First air passage; 42. Columnar part; 43. Sharp part; 44. Annular part; 5. Air passage assembly; 51. Air plug body; 52. Flared straight pipe connector; 53. Air pipe; 6. Top mounting part; 61. Limiting inner groove; 62. Second air passage; 63. Top adjusting pad; 7. Part; 71. Head; 72. Rod. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings:

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a lathe spindle mechanism integrating chuck drive and built-in center includes a lathe spindle 1. The lathe spindle 1 has a hollow interior and a hollow rotary cylinder 2 is provided on one side of the lathe spindle 1. The hollow rotary cylinder 2 is a common component in the art, and its structural features and working principle will not be described in detail in this application. The outer shell of the hollow rotary cylinder 2 is connected to the interior of the lathe through a flange. The internal piston of the hollow rotary cylinder 2 can rotate relative to the outer shell of the hollow rotary cylinder 2, while the outer shell of the hollow rotary cylinder 2 is fixedly connected to the interior of the lathe. A chuck mechanism 3 for clamping parts 7 is provided on the other side of the lathe spindle 1. The chuck mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the lathe spindle 1 and rotates with the rotation of the lathe spindle 1.

[0031] In this embodiment, the hollow rotary cylinder can be electro-hydraulic controlled by the machine tool CNC system without manual intervention; the outer surface of the lathe spindle 1 is provided with an external thread, which is connected to the support bearing or bushing inside the machine tool, and the motor inside the machine tool drives the lathe spindle 1 to rotate through gears or belts. This drive scheme is a conventional technical means in the machine tool field and will not be described in detail here.

[0032] The part 7 used in this solution is a pan-head long rod type shaft part, and the main process is to finish the outer circle area of ​​the pan-head long rod type shaft part. The main process is as follows: the rod part 72 of part 7 is clamped by chuck mechanism 3, and then the outer circle dimension of the head 71 of part 7 is machined.

[0033] In this embodiment, the pull rod element 21 of the hollow rotary cylinder 2 passes through the interior of the lathe spindle 1 and is connected to the drive end of the chuck mechanism 3 for driving the clamping jaw 35 to slide; the hollow rotary cylinder 2 can control the pull rod element 21 to slide relative to the interior of the lathe spindle 1 and simultaneously drive the clamping jaw 35 to complete the clamping and releasing of the part 7.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, the pull rod element 21 includes a hollow pull rod front part 211, a pull rod middle part 212 and a pull rod rear part 213, and the front and rear parts of the pull rod 211, the pull rod middle part 212 and the pull rod rear part 213 are detachably connected.

[0035] The front part 211 of the tie rod and the middle part 212 of the tie rod are fixedly connected by a flange; the rear part 213 of the tie rod is composed of several slender connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod is connected to the flange at the end of the middle part 212 of the tie rod.

[0036] The lathe spindle 1 is also provided with a center element 4 inside; specifically, the inner wall of the lathe spindle 1 is provided with a center mounting part 6, and the center mounting part 6 is provided with a limiting inner groove 61 for mounting the center element 4.

[0037] Several slender connecting rods pass through the interior of the center mounting member 6. At the same time, each connecting rod does not intersect with the central limiting groove 61, and each connecting rod can slide relative to the interior of the center mounting member 6. This arrangement facilitates the transmission of the up-and-down sliding force from the front part 211 and the middle part 212 of the tie rod on the hollow rotary cylinder 2 to the chuck mechanism 3 through the several slender connecting rods. This built-in design of the center element 4 cleverly avoids occupying the position of the drive tie rod originally used to drive the chuck mechanism 3, so that the tie rod element 21 can normally drive the chuck mechanism 3 to complete the clamping and releasing of the part 7.

[0038] Please continue to refer to the reference. Figure 3The tip element 4 includes a columnar portion 42, a sharp portion 43, and an annular portion 44. The sharp portion 43 is disposed at one end of the columnar portion 42, and the annular portion 44 is disposed on the side wall of the columnar portion 42. The tip mounting member 6 is also provided with a tip adjusting pad 63 on the side wall near the limiting inner groove 61. The columnar portion 42 of the tip element 4 away from the sharp portion 43 is threadedly connected to the inside of the limiting inner groove 61. When the columnar portion 42 is installed inside the limiting inner groove 61, the annular portion 44 fits against the tip adjusting pad 63.

[0039] The tip element 4 is detachably connected to the inner groove 61 via a threaded connection between the columnar part 42 and the inner groove 61. After connection, the side wall of the annular part 44 provides support and limitation between the side wall and the surface of the tip mounting member 6. By changing the thickness of the tip adjustment pad 63, the distance between the side wall of the annular part 44 and the tip mounting member 6 can be changed, thereby changing the vertical position of the tip 43 relative to the chuck mechanism 3. This allows for adaptation and adjustment when dealing with parts 7 of different lengths, ensuring that the tip 43 of the tip element 4 can be locked inside the inner groove at the end of the part 7.

[0040] The part 7 used in this solution is a pan-head long rod type shaft part. For this type of long shaft part, if the outer circle positioning is achieved solely by the clamping jaws 35 of the chuck mechanism 3, the support force will be insufficient. The excessively long lever arm will cause the cutting force generated by the tool during subsequent processing to easily cause the workpiece to bend and vibrate, thereby affecting the dimensional accuracy, roundness and surface quality of part 7.

[0041] Therefore, this solution integrates the center element 4 inside the lathe spindle 1 for auxiliary positioning and clamping:

[0042] First, during the machining of the head 71 of part 7, the hollow design of the lathe spindle 1 allows the rod 72 of part 7 to penetrate deep into the interior of the lathe spindle 1, so that the clamping jaws 35 of the chuck mechanism 3 are closer to the machining part of the head 71, thereby achieving the best machining runout accuracy.

[0043] Secondly, the positioning method of the top component 4 can achieve high-precision positioning through the inner groove of the sharp part 43 and the end of the part 7, ensuring the concentricity of each outer surface during the processing, significantly reducing runout error, thereby improving dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

[0044] Finally, the top element 4 can also provide sufficient rigidity for part 7 to prevent part 7 from deforming during processing, while reducing vibration caused by improper clamping and ensuring processing stability; due to the structural characteristics of pan head long rod shaft parts.

[0045] To ensure that the sharp part 43 of the tip element 4 and the inner groove at the end of the part 7 are precisely engaged: the tip element 4 is provided with a first air passage 41 inside, the first air passage 41 passes through the center of the columnar part 42 from the surface of the sharp part 43, and the diameter of the first air passage 41 located in the region of the sharp part 43 is smaller than the diameter of the first air passage 41 located in the region of the columnar part 42.

[0046] One end of the first air passage 41 is connected to a pressure detection element inside the machine tool via the air passage assembly 5 for detecting changes in air pressure in the first air passage 41. However, since the tip element 4 is installed inside the tip mounting part 6, the tip mounting part 6 is also provided with a second air passage 62 that is connected to the first air passage 41. One end of the air passage assembly 5 is connected to the end of the second air passage 62.

[0047] Specifically, the air circuit assembly 5 passes through the hollow area of ​​the pull rod element 21 and the hollow area of ​​the hollow rotary cylinder 2 and is connected to the air pressure detection element inside the machine tool. The air pressure detection element is a capacitive pressure sensor. The air circuit assembly 5 includes an air plug body 51, a flared straight pipe connector 52, and an air pipe 53. The air plug body 51 is provided inside the end of the front part 211 of the pull rod near the end of the hollow rotary cylinder 2. The flared straight pipe connector 52 is provided in the air nozzle on one side of the air plug body 51 and in the end of the second air circuit channel 62. Adjacent flared straight pipe connectors 52 are connected by an air pipe 53. The other side of the air plug body 51 is connected to the air pressure detection element by an air pipe 53.

[0048] With this setup, after the chuck mechanism 3 clamps the part 7, the inner groove at the end of the part 7 needs to fit against the sharp part 43 of the tip element 4, thereby blocking the end of the first air passage 41 of the sharp part 43. This air pressure change will be transmitted sequentially through the flared straight pipe connector 52, the air pipe 53, and the flared straight pipe connector 52 to the air pressure detection element for identification. When the air pressure change inside the first air passage 41 reaches the set requirement, it indicates that the fit is in place, ensuring that the sharp part 43 and the inner groove at the end of the part 7 are accurately engaged, further ensuring the concentricity of each outer surface during processing, significantly reducing runout error, and thus improving dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

[0049] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The chuck mechanism 3 includes a chuck flange 31, a chuck body 32, a chuck mouth support sleeve 33, a jaw support 34, a clamping jaw 35, and an annular guide 36. One side of the chuck flange 31 is fixedly connected to one end of the lathe spindle 1, and the other side of the chuck flange 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the chuck body 32. The entire chuck mechanism 3 rotates with the rotation of the chuck flange 31 and the lathe spindle 1.

[0050] The surface of the chuck body 32 is provided with several grooves 321 and a hollow chuck mouth support sleeve 33 is installed in the middle. The bottom of the chuck body 32 is provided with an annular inner groove 322. Each groove 321 is provided with a slidably connected claw support 34. A clamping claw 35 is connected to the side of the claw support 34 near the surface of the chuck body 32. An annular guide 36 is slidably connected inside the annular inner groove 322. The inclined guide groove 361 inside the annular guide 36 is connected to the inclined guide plate 341 on one side of the claw support 34.

[0051] During implementation, the part 7 to be processed can pass through the annular inner groove 322 and fit against the sharp part 43 of the tip element 4. The position change of the annular guide 36 can change the position of the inclined guide groove 361. The inclined sliding between the inclined guide groove 361 and the inclined guide plate 341 is converted into the internal sliding of the claw support 34 relative to the slide groove 321, thereby realizing the clamping of the clamping claw 35 on the rod part 72 of the part 7.

[0052] It should be noted that the inclined guide plate 341 is provided with a limiting support block 342 in the middle, and the surface of the annular guide 36 is provided with a relief groove 362 adapted to the width of the limiting support block 342.

[0053] While the inclined guide plate 341 is engaged in the inclined guide groove 361, the limiting support block 342 is engaged in the clearance groove 362. This design ensures that the claw support 34 will not deviate in the axial direction when it slides under the guidance drive between the inclined guide groove 361 and the inclined guide plate 341.

[0054] In order to further realize the transmission of the pulling force of the piston of the hollow rotary cylinder 2 to the pull rod element 21 to the annular guide 36, so that the annular guide 36 can slide inside the annular inner groove 322: the annular guide 36 is also provided with an annular drive 37 in the middle, and the rear part 213 of the pull rod is connected to the annular drive 37.

[0055] One end of the chuck mouth support sleeve 33 passes through the chuck body 32 and is engaged inside the annular guide 36. The inner diameter of the chuck mouth support sleeve 33 is the same as the inner diameter of the annular drive 37.

[0056] The inner wall of the annular guide 36 is provided with an annular groove 363, and the annular boss 371 on the side wall of the annular drive 37 is engaged in the interior of the annular groove 363. The rear part 213 of the pull rod is composed of several slender connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod is connected to the end of the middle part 212 of the pull rod and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the annular drive 37.

[0057] With this configuration, the rear part 213 of the pull rod will not interfere with the tip element 4 when pulling the annular drive member 37. When the annular drive member 37 is pulled by the rear part 213 of the pull rod, it drives the annular guide member 36 to slide inside the annular inner groove 322 through the engagement between the annular boss 371 and the annular slot 363.

[0058] Working principle and usage of this invention:

[0059] The machine tool hydraulic system controls the hollow rotary cylinder 2 to move, causing the piston inside to move axially.

[0060] The piston drives the tie rod element 21 (composed of the front part 211, the middle part 212 and the rear part 213 of the tie rod) to move axially along the inner cavity of the lathe spindle 1.

[0061] The rear part 213 of the pull rod (composed of several slender connecting rods) pulls the annular drive member 37 backward. The annular drive member 37 engages with the annular groove 363 in the annular guide member 36 through the annular boss 371 on its side wall, thereby driving the annular guide member 36 to slide in the annular inner groove 322 of the chuck body 32.

[0062] The inner wall of the annular guide member 36 is provided with an inclined guide groove 361, which cooperates with the inclined guide plate 341 on the claw support member 34. The axial movement of the annular guide member 36 is converted into the radial movement of the claw support member 34 through this inclined plate pair.

[0063] Finally, the clamping jaws 35 fixed to the jaw support 34 retract or open radially, thus clamping or releasing the rod portion 72 of the part 7.

[0064] The center element 4 is threadedly connected to the limiting inner groove 61 of the center mounting member 6 via its columnar portion 42. The center mounting member 6 is fixed to the inner wall of the lathe spindle 1, ensuring that the axis of the center element 4 is aligned with the rotation axis of the lathe spindle 1.

[0065] When the rod 72 of part 7 is fed into the inner cavity of the lathe spindle 1, the inner groove at its end is pushed by the clamping jaw 35 and fits tightly with the sharp part 43 at the front end of the tip element 4.

[0066] Thus, part 7 forms a dual positioning and support system of "chuck radial clamping" and "center axial support," which greatly enhances the rigidity of the workpiece during machining and effectively suppresses cutting vibration and deformation.

[0067] The machine tool's air source passes through the air circuit assembly 5 (including the air plug body 51, the flared straight pipe connector 52, and the air pipe 53) through the hollow cavity of the tie rod element 21, enters the second air circuit channel 62 inside the center mounting part 6, and finally connects to the first air circuit channel 41 inside the center element 4.

[0068] When the pointed part 43 of the tip element 4 is not in contact with the inner groove at the end of the part 7, the first air passage 41 is connected to the atmosphere and the air pressure in the passage is low.

[0069] When the sharp part 43 of the tip element 4 precisely fits into the inner groove of the part 7, the outlet of the first air passage 41 is blocked, and the air pressure in the pipeline rises rapidly.

[0070] The machine tool's internal air pressure detection element (such as a capacitive pressure sensor) detects this pressure change and transmits the signal to the CNC system. Based on this, the system determines that the clamping is in place before allowing the machine tool to start machining, thus achieving intelligent detection and safety interlocking of the clamping status.

[0071] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lathe spindle mechanism integrating chuck drive and built-in center, comprising a lathe spindle (1), characterized in that, The lathe spindle (1) has a hollow interior and a hollow rotary cylinder (2) is provided on one side of the lathe spindle (1). The outer shell of the hollow rotary cylinder (2) is connected to the interior of the lathe through a flange. A chuck mechanism (3) for clamping parts (7) is provided on the other side of the lathe spindle (1). The lathe spindle (1) also has a center element (4) inside. The center element (4) has a first air passage (41) inside. One end of the first air passage (41) is connected to a pressure detection element inside the machine tool through an air passage assembly (5) for detecting changes in the air pressure of the first air passage (41). After the chuck mechanism (3) clamps the part (7), the inner groove at the end of the part (7) can fit against the sharp part (43) of the tip element (4) to block the other end of the first air passage (41). The pull rod element (21) of the hollow rotary cylinder (2) passes through the inside of the lathe spindle (1) and is connected to the drive end of the chuck mechanism (3) for driving the clamping jaws (35) to slide. The pull rod element (21) includes a hollow pull rod front part (211), a pull rod middle part (212) and a pull rod rear part (213). The head and tail of the 13) are detachably connected. The center element (4) is located in the rear part (213) area of ​​the tie rod and the air circuit assembly (5) passes through the hollow area of ​​the tie rod element (21) and the hollow area of ​​the hollow rotary cylinder (2) and is connected to the air pressure detection element inside the machine tool. The inner wall of the lathe spindle (1) is provided with a center mounting part (6). The interior of the center mounting part (6) is provided with a limiting inner groove (61) for mounting the center element (4) and a second air circuit channel (62) connected to the first air circuit channel (41). One end of the air circuit assembly (5) is connected to the end of the second air circuit channel (62). The tip element (4) includes a columnar part (42), a sharp part (43) and an annular part (44). The sharp part (43) is disposed at one end of the columnar part (42) and the annular part (44) is disposed on the side wall of the columnar part (42). The tip mounting part (6) is also provided with a tip adjusting pad (63) on the side wall near the limiting inner groove (61). The columnar part (42) of the tip element (4) away from the sharp part (43) is threaded to the inside of the limiting inner groove (61). When the columnar part (42) is installed inside the limiting inner groove (61), the annular part (44) fits against the tip adjusting pad (63).

2. The lathe spindle mechanism with integrated chuck drive and built-in center as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air pressure detection element is a capacitive pressure sensor. The air circuit assembly (5) includes an air plug body (51), a flared straight pipe connector (52), and an air pipe (53). The air plug body (51) is provided inside the front part (211) of the pull rod near the end of the hollow rotary cylinder (2). The flared straight pipe connector (52) is provided in the air nozzle on one side of the air plug body (51) and in the end of the second air circuit channel (62). Adjacent flared straight pipe connectors (52) are connected by an air pipe (53). The other side of the air plug body (51) is connected to the air pressure detection element by an air pipe (53).

3. The lathe spindle mechanism with integrated chuck drive and built-in center as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The chuck mechanism (3) includes a chuck flange (31), a chuck body (32), a chuck mouth support sleeve (33), a jaw support (34), a clamping jaw (35), and an annular guide (36). One side of the chuck flange (31) is connected to one end of the lathe spindle (1), and the other side of the chuck flange (31) is connected to the chuck body (32). One side surface of the chuck body (32) is provided with several grooves (321), and a hollow chuck mouth support sleeve (33) is installed in the middle. The other side of the chuck body (32) is provided with an annular inner groove (322). The workpiece (7) to be processed can pass through the annular inner groove (322) and fit against the sharp part (43) of the center element (4). Each groove ( The 321) is internally slidably connected to a claw support (34), and a clamping claw (35) is connected to one side of the claw support (34) near the surface of the chuck body (32). The annular inner groove (322) is internally slidably connected to an annular guide (36). The inclined guide groove (361) in the annular guide (36) is connected to the inclined guide plate (341) on one side of the claw support (34). The rear part (213) of the pull rod is connected to one side of the annular guide (36). The position change of the annular guide (36) can change the position of the inclined guide groove (361), thereby driving the claw support (34) to slide relative to the inside of the groove (321) through the inclined guide plate (341).

4. The lathe spindle mechanism with integrated chuck drive and built-in center as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inclined guide plate (341) is provided with a limiting support block (342) in the middle, and the surface of the annular guide (36) is provided with a relief groove (362) adapted to the width of the limiting support block (342). The annular guide (36) is also provided with an annular drive (37) in the middle, and the rear part (213) of the pull rod is connected to the annular drive (37).

5. The lathe spindle mechanism with integrated chuck drive and built-in center as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the annular guide (36) is provided with an annular groove (363), and the annular boss (371) on the side wall of the annular drive (37) is engaged in the interior of the annular groove (363). The rear part (213) of the pull rod is composed of several slender connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod is connected to the end of the middle part (212) of the pull rod and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the annular drive (37).

6. The lathe spindle mechanism with integrated chuck drive and built-in center as described in claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the chuck mouth support sleeve (33) passes through the chuck body (32) and is locked inside the annular guide (36). The inner diameter of the chuck mouth support sleeve (33) is the same as the inner diameter of the annular drive (37).

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