Adjustable assembled back rib steel-wood combined formwork with reinforcing ribs and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of adjustable assembling type back rib steel-wood combined formworks with reinforcing rib and its construction method, the formwork includes formwork, steel back rib unit and intelligent control module. Steel back rib unit is longitudinally spliced by standard length section steel, and the internal cavity is integrated with electromagnetic coil and mechanical lock mechanism. Intelligent control module presets multiple construction control modes, and the concrete side pressure is sensed in real time through pressure sensor, and the cooperative work of electromagnetic force and mechanical lock mechanism is automatically controlled. During construction, different sizes are adapted by modular assembly, electromagnetic force is used for auxiliary positioning and preliminary fixation, and then mechanical locking is carried out; electromagnetic force and mechanical locking force jointly bear pressure during pouring stage, electromagnetic is automatically cut off to save energy during solidification stage, and reverse pulse current is applied to reduce demolding resistance during demolding stage. The application realizes lightweight, adjustable, intelligent and efficient non-destructive demolding of formwork, and significantly improves construction efficiency, forming quality and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction control technology in building engineering, and in particular to an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In cast-in-place concrete structure construction, steel-backed formwork modules are crucial for ensuring the forming, dimensional accuracy, and appearance quality of concrete components such as bridge abutments and retaining walls. Currently, large-volume concrete structures often utilize large steel formwork or loosely assembled wooden formwork. Large steel formwork boasts high strength, rigidity, and a high turnover rate, but its heavy weight necessitates the use of large lifting equipment for installation and dismantling, resulting in poor flexibility, high cost, and the need for customization according to structural dimensions, leading to limited versatility and adjustability. Loosely assembled wooden formwork offers flexibility in material sourcing and ease of cutting and assembly to suit different sizes, but its overall rigidity is weak, making it prone to deformation and bulging under concrete lateral pressure, causing dimensional deviations in components. Furthermore, its assembly and reinforcement are cumbersome, relying on manual labor and fasteners, resulting in low construction efficiency, high worker skill requirements, and numerous connection points prone to grout leakage due to improper tightening.

[0003] To improve the standardization and lightweighting of formwork, modular assembly formwork systems have emerged, which combine mechanically using finite standard-sized units. However, existing technologies have the following three problems: 1) Connections usually rely on bolts or pins, and aligning and tightening the holes is time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially in high-altitude or space-constrained environments; 2) Formwork is prone to adhesion to concrete and adjacent formwork joints, requiring strong peeling for demolding, which is dangerous and can easily damage the edges of the formwork and concrete, shortening its service life; 3) Low level of intelligence, unable to sense the lateral pressure of concrete in real time, and the installation, locking, and dismantling processes rely on manual experience. Premature dismantling or over-locking can easily cause safety hazards, and energy utilization efficiency is low.

[0004] In recent years, there have been attempts to apply electromagnetic technology to the field of tooling and fixtures, using electromagnetic force to achieve rapid adsorption and fixation of metal workpieces. However, the innovative integration of electromagnetic technology into concrete steel back rib formwork modules, and its collaboration with mechanical locking mechanisms to achieve intelligent positioning, sealing, load-bearing, and efficient demolding of the formwork, remains a gap in the field.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the bottlenecks faced by existing formwork technology can be summarized into three core issues: 1) Existing modular formwork, while ensuring rigidity, struggles to achieve lightweighting and dimensional adjustment; 2) The connection and disassembly processes of the formwork rely too heavily on manual labor and are prone to damaging the concrete and formwork; 3) Steel-ribbed formwork modules cannot sense the concrete state throughout the construction process, cannot adaptively adjust support strategies according to construction stages, posing safety hazards and resulting in inefficient energy utilization. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new formwork system that integrates lightweighting, high strength, flexible and adjustable dimensions, convenient construction, and intelligent control to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs and its construction method, so as to solve the problems of existing formwork technology, such as large weight, inflexible adjustment, low construction efficiency, difficulty in demolding and low level of intelligence.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs includes a formwork, steel back rib units, and an intelligent control module; wherein the formwork and the steel back rib units constitute a steel back rib formwork module. The template, which is the forming surface that directly contacts the concrete, is made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood that meets the building template standards. It is detachably installed on the outside of the steel back rib unit through mechanical connectors, which facilitates quick replacement according to the appearance quality requirements of the concrete structure or the wear condition. The steel back rib unit constitutes the rigid support skeleton of the template, and is formed by longitudinally splicing multiple steel back ribs of standard length. The steel back rib is made of steel with an internal cavity, which integrates an electromagnetic coil, a power supply for the coil, and a mechanical locking mechanism. The electromagnetic coil is a tightly wound copper solenoid, embedded in a pre-fabricated insulating cavity at the end of the steel back rib, and connected to the power supply through a high-temperature resistant wire. It is used to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil to control the attraction or repulsion force generated. The power supply is a rechargeable battery or capacitor. The mechanical locking mechanism includes an electric pin located at the end of the steel back rib and corresponding pin holes located at the ends of adjacent steel back ribs. The electric pin is driven by a micro motor. The attraction force generated by the electromagnetic coil can help the ends of adjacent steel back ribs fit tightly together, providing alignment assistance and initial clamping force for accurate insertion of the pin. The intelligent control module includes a sensing unit, an execution unit, a control unit, and a storage unit. The sensing unit includes a pressure sensor and an alignment sensor. The pressure sensor is embedded in the sidewall of the steel back rib unit facing the concrete, used to collect the lateral pressure exerted by the concrete on the formwork in real time. The alignment sensor is mounted on the mechanical locking mechanism, used to detect the alignment error of the interfaces between adjacent steel back rib units. The execution unit includes a drive circuit for the electromagnetic coil and a drive circuit for the micro motor. The control unit uses an embedded microprocessor and communicates with the sensing unit and the execution unit via wireless signals. The storage unit stores control programs with preset control modes based on construction stages, including but not limited to installation mode, pouring mode, solidification mode, and demolding mode. Each control mode program defines the default current value output to the electromagnetic coil, the drive command for the mechanical locking mechanism, and the response logic to the pressure sensor feedback signal. Operators can select the control mode through a human-machine interface or authorize the intelligent control module to automatically trigger the switching of control modes based on pressure sensor data.

[0008] Preferably, the standard length of the steel back rib unit includes, but is not limited to, 0.5 meters, 1.0 meters, and 1.5 meters. By combining and splicing different quantities, the overall length of the steel back rib template module can be adjusted.

[0009] Preferably, the steel back rib formwork module is divided into standard straight-line units and right-angle units according to its function and shape; the standard straight-line units are applied to straight sections of the concrete surface, and their steel back rib units are straight profiles, forming the main load-bearing skeleton; the right-angle units are applied to the external or internal corners of the concrete surface, and their steel back rib units are bent at right angles, thereby achieving a tight and rigid connection at the corners; the standard straight-line units and right-angle units are combined to form a complete and continuous formwork system.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent control module has a preset control mode based on the construction stage, specifically including: Installation mode: Outputs low electromagnetic force to assist in rapid positioning and initial alignment between adjacent steel back ribs and between steel back ribs and underlying concrete or reinforcing bars, providing centering guidance for subsequent mechanical locking. Pouring mode: A high current is passed through the electromagnetic coil to generate a strong magnetic attraction force, which works in conjunction with the mechanical locking mechanism to resist the lateral pressure of the newly poured concrete, enhance the overall rigidity of the formwork and the sealing of the joints, and effectively suppress bulging and grout leakage. Solidification mode: After the concrete has initially set and the lateral pressure has dropped significantly, the current of the electromagnetic coil is automatically cut off. The steel back rib formwork module only relies on the mechanical locking mechanism to bear the structural load, reducing energy consumption and avoiding electromagnetic interference. Demolding mode: Output a short-time reverse current. The intelligent control module sends an instantaneous, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil, thereby eliminating the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the steel bars or other metal embedded parts in the concrete. At the same time, by utilizing the instantaneous change of the electromagnetic field, the van der Waals force bonding and vacuum adsorption effect between the template and the concrete interface are weakened, thereby reducing the initial demolding resistance. The pressure sensor monitors the lateral pressure of the concrete on the formwork in real time; the intelligent control module presets a lateral pressure threshold, and when the lateral pressure is detected to be continuously lower than the threshold, it automatically switches the module from the pouring mode to the solidification mode and issues a prompt message.

[0011] A construction method for an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, applicable to such a formwork, includes the following steps: S1. Modular Assembly: Determine the assembly scheme based on the design dimensions of the concrete structure; set the total length of the required steel back rib formwork modules as follows: L t The standard length specification of the steel back rib formwork module is as follows: L i When combined, the following relationship is satisfied:

[0012] in, k i The number of steel back rib template modules of each specification is optimized through integer programming to minimize the number of seams and material waste. S2. Initial Fixing: After the steel back rib formwork module is transported to the target construction location, the installation mode is activated; the intelligent control module outputs current to the electromagnetic coil. I 1 , generating adsorption force F 1 It enables the steel back rib formwork module to be temporarily attached and fixed to the steel bars of the concrete structure, achieving rapid positioning and temporary stability, and assisting in the alignment of the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib formwork modules. S3. Mechanical Locking: With the assistance of the initial clamping force provided by electromagnetic adsorption, the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib template modules are tightly fitted; the interface error of adjacent steel back rib template modules is detected by an alignment sensor. d 1 ,when d 1 Less than the set threshold[ d 1 When the intelligent control module automatically triggers the micro motor, it drives the electric pin to insert into the pin hole at the end of the adjacent steel back rib template module to complete the rigid interlock. S4. Pressure bearing during pouring: Switch to the pouring mode before pouring concrete; at this time, the intelligent control module supplies a higher preset current to the electromagnetic coil. I 2 This causes it to have a large adsorption force. F 2 The adsorption force F 2 Total locking force provided by the mechanical locking mechanism F g They work together to resist the maximum lateral pressure of the freshly poured concrete, satisfying the following relationship:

[0013] in, F g The locking force provided to the mechanical locking mechanism. or 2 For safety margin, it is usually taken as 1.5 to 2.0; l To account for the dynamic pressure coefficient of concrete vibration operation, it is usually taken as 1.2 to 1.5; r The density of concrete; h This is the template height; β It is the electromagnetic force constant; S5. Intelligent Sensing and Mode Switching: After concrete pouring, pressure sensors continuously monitor lateral pressure. P Changes, when the side pressure is detected to be continuously decreasing and below a preset threshold [ P When the concrete is in pouring mode, the intelligent control module automatically switches from pouring mode to solidification mode. In solidification mode, the power supply to the electromagnetic coil is cut off, and only the mechanical locking mechanism bears the subsequent structural load, thereby achieving energy saving and avoiding potential electromagnetic interference. At the same time, the intelligent control module issues a prompt signal to inform the operator of the concrete status. S6. High-efficiency demolding: When the concrete reaches the demolding strength, the demolding mode is activated. The intelligent control module first sends an instantaneous, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil. The resulting repulsive force is used to eliminate the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the steel bars or other metal embedded parts in the concrete, and weaken the physical bonding effect between the formwork and the concrete interface, thereby reducing the initial demolding resistance. Subsequently, the control unit remotely controls the micro motor to retract the electric pin and release the mechanical lock, thereby completing the demolding.

[0014] In summary, compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: it proposes an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, including a formwork, steel back rib units, and an intelligent control module; the corresponding construction method includes modular assembly, initial fixing, mechanical locking, pressure bearing during pouring, intelligent sensing and mode switching, and non-destructive and efficient demolding; and it achieves the following breakthrough improvements: 1) Significantly improves construction efficiency: The innovative electromagnetic-assisted positioning and mechanical locking collaborative working mechanism changes the traditional operation mode that relies on manual alignment and cumbersome bolt tightening; in the installation mode, electromagnetic force can achieve rapid initial positioning and stabilization of the template, greatly reducing the difficulty and intensity of operation at height or in confined spaces; the automatic drive of the mechanical locking mechanism realizes a fast and precise rigid connection. 2) Intelligent construction and precise pressure control: The integrated intelligent control module and pressure sensor enable the formwork system to have perception, decision-making and execution capabilities; the system can adaptively adjust the working mode according to different construction stages such as pouring and solidification, which not only ensures the structural safety under maximum lateral pressure and effectively suppresses formwork bulging and grout leakage, but also realizes on-demand energy allocation and improves energy utilization efficiency. 3) Non-destructive and efficient demolding: The instantaneous reverse pulse current applied in demolding mode can actively eliminate the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the reinforcing bar, and weaken the bonding effect between the formwork and the concrete interface, thereby fundamentally reducing the initial demolding resistance; This makes the demolding process smooth and easy, avoids violent damage to the concrete edges and the formwork surface, ensures the quality of concrete molding, and significantly extends the number of times the formwork, especially the easily damaged wooden panels, can be reused. 4) Enhanced safety and reduced overall costs: Intelligent mode switching reduces over-reliance on worker experience and lowers the safety risks caused by premature demolding or insufficient locking due to misjudgment of concrete strength; the modularity and standardization of formwork and the replaceability of wooden formwork reduce the types of spare parts and inventory, thus lowering maintenance costs; Overall, this invention improves construction quality and efficiency while providing effective equipment support for achieving green and intelligent construction, and has extremely high promotion and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the steel back rib template module shown in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the standard linear unit and right-angle unit shown in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the intelligent control module shown in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a construction method for an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, 1-template, 2-steel back rib unit, 21-steel back rib, 22-internal cavity, 23-electromagnetic coil, 24-mechanical locking mechanism, 25-power supply, 26-standard linear unit, 27-right angle unit, 31-sensing unit, 311-pressure sensor, 312-alignment sensor, 32-actuator unit, 33-control unit, 34-storage unit. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments given herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] The first aspect of this application discloses as follows: Figure 1-3 The diagram shows an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, comprising a formwork 1, a steel back rib unit 2, and an intelligent control module; wherein the formwork 1 and the steel back rib unit 2 constitute a steel back rib formwork module.

[0018] The template 1, as the forming surface that directly contacts the concrete, is made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood that meets the building template standards. It is detachably installed on the outside of the steel back rib unit 2 through mechanical connectors, which facilitates quick replacement according to the appearance quality requirements of the concrete structure or the wear condition.

[0019] The steel back rib unit 2 constitutes the rigid support frame of the template 1, and is formed by longitudinally splicing multiple steel back ribs 21 of standard length. Specifically, the standard length of the steel back rib unit includes, but is not limited to, 0.5 meters, 1.0 meters, and 1.5 meters. By combining and splicing different numbers, the overall length of the steel back rib template module can be adjusted. The steel back rib 21 is made of steel with an internal cavity 22. The internal cavity 22 integrates an electromagnetic coil 23, a power supply 25 for supplying power to the coil, and a mechanical locking mechanism 24. The electromagnetic coil 23 is a tightly wound copper solenoid embedded in the steel. The pre-fabricated insulating cavity at the end of the back rib is connected to the power supply 25 via a high-temperature resistant wire. This is used to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 23 to generate an attractive or repulsive force. The power supply 25 is a rechargeable battery or capacitor. The mechanical locking mechanism 24 includes an electric pin located at the end of the steel back rib and corresponding pin holes located at the ends of adjacent steel back ribs. The electric pin is driven by a micro motor. The attractive force generated by the electromagnetic coil 23 can assist the ends of adjacent steel back ribs to fit tightly together, providing alignment assistance and initial clamping force for the accurate insertion of the pin.

[0020] The intelligent control module includes a sensing unit 31, an execution unit 32, a control unit 33, and a storage unit 34. The sensing unit 31 includes a pressure sensor 311 and an alignment sensor 312. The pressure sensor 311 is embedded in the sidewall of the steel back rib unit 2 facing the concrete, used to collect the lateral pressure of the concrete acting on the formwork in real time. The alignment sensor 312 is mounted on the mechanical locking mechanism 24, used to detect the alignment error of adjacent steel back rib unit interfaces. The execution unit 32 includes a drive circuit for the electromagnetic coil 23 and a drive circuit for the micro motor. The control unit 33 is embedded... The microprocessor is wirelessly connected to the sensing unit 31 and the execution unit 32. The storage unit 34 stores the control program, which has preset control modes based on the construction stage, including but not limited to installation mode, pouring mode, solidification mode and demolding mode. Each control mode program defines the default current value output to the electromagnetic coil 23, the drive command of the mechanical locking mechanism 24, and the response logic to the feedback signal of the pressure sensor 311. The operator can select the control mode through the human-machine interface, or authorize the intelligent control module to automatically trigger the switching of the control mode according to the data of the pressure sensor 311.

[0021] In specific implementation, the steel back rib formwork module is divided into standard straight-line unit 26 and right-angle unit 27 according to its function and shape. The standard straight-line unit 26 is applied to the straight section of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit 2 is a straight profile, forming the main load-bearing frame. The right-angle unit 27 is applied to the external or internal corner of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit 2 is bent at a right angle, thereby achieving a tight and rigid connection at the corner. The standard straight-line unit 26 and the right-angle unit 27 are combined to form a complete and continuous formwork system.

[0022] In specific implementation, the intelligent control module has a preset control mode based on the construction stage, which specifically includes: Installation mode: Outputs a low electromagnetic force to assist in the rapid positioning and initial alignment between adjacent steel back ribs 21 and between steel back ribs 21 and reinforcing bars, providing centering guidance for subsequent mechanical locking; Pouring mode: When a high current is passed through the electromagnetic coil 23, a strong magnetic attraction force is generated. It works in conjunction with the mechanical locking mechanism 24 to resist the lateral pressure of the newly poured concrete, enhance the overall rigidity of the formwork and the sealing of the joints, and effectively suppress bulging and grout leakage. Solidification mode: After the concrete has initially set and the lateral pressure has dropped significantly, the current of the electromagnetic coil is automatically cut off. The steel back rib formwork module relies solely on the mechanical locking mechanism 24 to bear the structural load, thereby reducing energy consumption and avoiding electromagnetic interference. Demolding mode: Output a short-time reverse current. The intelligent control module sends an instantaneous, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil, thereby eliminating the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the steel bars or other metal embedded parts in the concrete. At the same time, by utilizing the instantaneous change of the electromagnetic field, the van der Waals force bonding and vacuum adsorption effect between the template and the concrete interface are weakened, thereby reducing the initial demolding resistance. The pressure sensor 311 monitors the lateral pressure of concrete on the formwork in real time; the intelligent control module presets a lateral pressure threshold, and when the lateral pressure is detected to be continuously lower than the threshold, it automatically switches the module from the pouring mode to the solidification mode and issues a prompt message.

[0023] The second aspect of this application discloses, as follows: Figure 4 The method for constructing an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, as shown, is applied to such a formwork and includes the following steps: S1. Modular Assembly: Determine the assembly scheme based on the design dimensions of the concrete structure; set the total length of the required steel back rib formwork modules as follows: L t The standard length specification of the steel back rib formwork module is as follows: L i When combined, the following relationship is satisfied: (1) in, k i The number of steel back rib formwork modules of various specifications is optimized through integer programming to minimize the number of seams and material waste. In specific implementation, the total required length of the steel back rib formwork modules is set. L t The standard length specifications for steel back rib formwork modules are 12.5m. L 1 =0.5m L 2 =1.0m and L 3 =1.5m, and accordingly adopt k 1 =1、 k 2 =2 and k 3 =7, the total length after combination is 12.5m, and this configuration minimizes the number of seams to 10.

[0024] S2. Initial Fixing: After the steel back rib formwork modules are assembled on the ground, they are transported to the target construction location. The operator initiates the installation mode through the human-machine interface of the intelligent control module; at this time, the control unit outputs a preset current to the electromagnetic coil. I 1=0.5A, causing it to generate approximately F 1 =150N of adsorption force; under the action of this electromagnetic force, the steel back rib formwork module is quickly and stably adsorbed and temporarily fixed on the vertical main reinforcement of the concrete structure, realizing rapid positioning and temporary stability; at the same time, the adsorption force causes the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib formwork modules to come close together, assisting them to automatically perform preliminary alignment, laying the foundation for subsequent mechanical locking procedures, and significantly reducing the difficulty and risk of high-altitude adjustment operations.

[0025] S3. Mechanical Locking: With the assistance of the initial clamping force provided by the electromagnetic adsorption, the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib template modules are tightly fitted. At this time, the alignment sensor installed on the mechanical locking mechanism starts to work, detecting the two-dimensional planar error of the adjacent interfaces in real time. d 1 The preset alignment error threshold within the intelligent control module is [ d 1 =2mm, when an error is detected d 1 When the thickness is ≤2mm, the control unit immediately sends a command to the execution unit, automatically triggering the micro motor. The micro motor drives the electric pin at the end of the steel back rib to precisely and quickly insert into the corresponding pin hole at the end of the adjacent module, completing a rigid mechanical interlock. The entire process requires no manual intervention, achieving a fast, accurate, and reliable connection, providing a stable structural guarantee for subsequent concrete pouring.

[0026] S4. Pressure Bearing During Pouring: After mechanical locking is completed, before starting concrete pouring, the operator switches the system to pouring mode via the intelligent control module. At this time, the control unit supplies a higher preset current to each electromagnetic coil. I 2 =3.0A, which gives it a strong adsorption force. F 2 The electromagnetic attraction force and the total locking force provided by the mechanical locking mechanism F g They work together to resist the maximum lateral pressure of the freshly poured concrete, satisfying the following relationship: (2) in, F g The locking force provided to the mechanical locking mechanism, in N; or 2 For safety margin, it is usually taken as 1.5 to 2.0; l To account for the dynamic pressure coefficient of concrete vibration operation, it is usually taken as 1.2 to 1.5; r For the density of concrete, take r =2400kg / m 3 ; hFor template height, take h =3m; β Let be the electromagnetic force constant, and take... β =20N / A 2 .

[0027] S5. Intelligent Sensing and Mode Switching: After concrete pouring, it enters continuous monitoring mode. Embedded pressure sensors collect the lateral pressure of the concrete acting on the formwork in real time at a frequency of once per second. P Specifically, the preset lateral pressure threshold [ P ] = 10 kPa, when P The peak value during pouring decreased to below a preset threshold. P When the concrete is in solidification mode, the intelligent control module automatically triggers the mode switching logic, switching the system from pouring mode to solidification mode. In solidification mode, the control unit immediately cuts off the power supply to all electromagnetic coils, and the support of the formwork system is entirely provided by the mechanical locking mechanism. At the same time, the intelligent control module sends a "Switched to solidification mode" prompt signal to the operator's terminal equipment, informing them that the concrete has entered the steady hardening stage.

[0028] S6. High-efficiency demolding: When the concrete strength reaches the design demolding requirements, the operator activates the demolding mode; the intelligent control module first sends a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil. I 3 =0.8A, the instantaneous electromagnetic repulsion force generated by this pulse effectively eliminated the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the internal reinforcing steel in the concrete, and weakened the van der Waals forces and vacuum adsorption effects between the formwork and the concrete interface through high-frequency oscillation of the electromagnetic field. Subsequently, the control unit remotely drove all micro motors to synchronously retract the electric latches, releasing the mechanical locks. Finally, the fully released steel back rib formwork module was smoothly detached. The entire demolding process was easy and smooth, with the concrete edges intact and no residual adhesive on the formwork surface, achieving efficient and non-destructive demolding.

[0029] The above describes one or more embodiments of the present invention in a relatively specific and detailed manner, but it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A type of adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, characterized in that, It includes a template, a steel back rib unit, and an intelligent control module; wherein, the template and the steel back rib unit constitute a steel back rib template module; The template, which is the forming surface that directly contacts the concrete, is made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood that meets the building template standards, and is detachably installed on the outside of the steel back rib unit through mechanical connectors. The steel back rib unit constitutes the rigid support skeleton of the template, and is formed by longitudinally splicing multiple steel back ribs of standard length. The steel back rib is made of steel with an internal cavity, which integrates an electromagnetic coil, a power supply for the coil, and a mechanical locking mechanism. The electromagnetic coil is a tightly wound copper solenoid, embedded in a pre-fabricated insulating cavity at the end of the steel back rib, and connected to the power supply through a high-temperature resistant wire. It is used to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil to control the attraction or repulsion force generated. The power supply is a rechargeable battery or capacitor. The mechanical locking mechanism includes an electric pin located at the end of the steel back rib and corresponding pin holes located at the ends of adjacent steel back ribs. The electric pin is driven by a micro motor. The attraction force generated by the electromagnetic coil can help the ends of adjacent steel back ribs fit tightly together, providing alignment assistance and initial clamping force for accurate insertion of the pin. The steel back rib formwork module is divided into standard straight-line units and right-angle units according to its function and shape. The standard straight-line unit is applied to the straight sections of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit is a straight profile. The right-angle unit is applied to the external or internal corners of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit is bent at a right angle. The standard straight-line unit and the right-angle unit are combined to form a complete and continuous formwork system. The intelligent control module includes a sensing unit, an execution unit, a control unit, and a storage unit. The sensing unit includes a pressure sensor and an alignment sensor. The pressure sensor is embedded in the sidewall of the steel back rib unit facing the concrete and is used to collect the lateral pressure exerted by the concrete on the formwork in real time. The alignment sensor is mounted on the mechanical locking mechanism and is used to detect the alignment error of the interfaces between adjacent steel back rib units. The execution unit includes a drive circuit for the electromagnetic coil and a drive circuit for the micro motor. The control unit uses an embedded microprocessor and communicates with the sensing unit and the execution unit via wireless signals. The storage unit stores control programs with preset control modes based on the construction stage. Each control mode program defines the default current value output to the electromagnetic coil, the drive command for the mechanical locking mechanism, and the response logic to the pressure sensor feedback signal. Operators can select the control mode through a human-machine interface or authorize the intelligent control module to automatically trigger the switching of control modes based on pressure sensor data. The intelligent control module has preset control modes based on the construction stage, including: Installation mode: Outputs low electromagnetic force to assist in rapid positioning and initial alignment between adjacent steel back ribs, and between steel back ribs and underlying concrete or reinforcing bars. Pouring mode: A high current is passed through the electromagnetic coil to generate a strong magnetic attraction force, which works in conjunction with the mechanical locking mechanism to resist the lateral pressure of the newly poured concrete. Setting mode: Automatically cuts off the current to the electromagnetic coil after the concrete has initially set and the lateral pressure has dropped significantly; Demolding mode: The intelligent control module supplies a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil to reduce the initial demolding resistance; The pressure sensor monitors the lateral pressure of the concrete on the formwork in real time; the intelligent control module presets a lateral pressure threshold, and when the lateral pressure is detected to be continuously lower than the threshold, it automatically switches the module from the pouring mode to the solidification mode and issues a prompt message.

2. The adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard lengths of the steel back rib units include 0.5 meters, 1.0 meters, and 1.5 meters. By combining and splicing different quantities, the overall length of the steel back rib template module can be adjusted.

3. A construction method for an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, characterized in that, The method applied to an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 includes the following steps: S1. Modular Assembly: Determine the assembly scheme based on the design dimensions of the concrete structure; set the total length of the required steel back rib formwork modules as follows: L t The standard length specification of the steel back rib formwork module is as follows: L i When combined, the following relationship is satisfied: （1） in, k i The number of steel back rib template modules of each specification is optimized through integer programming to minimize the number of seams and material waste. S2. Initial Fixing: After the steel back rib formwork module is transported to the target construction location, the installation mode is activated; the intelligent control module outputs current to the electromagnetic coil. I 1 , generating adsorption force F 1 And enable the steel back rib formwork module to be temporarily attached and fixed to the steel reinforcement of the concrete structure; S3. Mechanical Locking: With the assistance of the initial clamping force provided by electromagnetic adsorption, the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib template modules are tightly fitted; the interface error of adjacent steel back rib template modules is detected by an alignment sensor. δ 1 ,when δ 1 Less than the set threshold[ δ 1 When the intelligent control module automatically triggers the micro motor, it drives the electric pin to insert into the pin hole at the end of the adjacent steel back rib template module to complete the rigid interlock. S4. Pressure bearing during pouring: Switch to the pouring mode before pouring concrete; at this time, the intelligent control module supplies a higher preset current to the electromagnetic coil. I 2 This causes it to have a large adsorption force. F 2 The adsorption force F 2 Total locking force provided by the mechanical locking mechanism F g Working together, satisfying the following relationship: （2） in, F g The locking force provided to the mechanical locking mechanism. η 2 For a safety margin, a value of 1.5 to 2.0 is used. λ To account for the dynamic pressure coefficient of concrete vibration operation, a value of 1.2 to 1.5 is adopted; ρ The density of concrete; h This is the template height; β It is the electromagnetic force constant; S5. Intelligent Sensing and Mode Switching: After concrete pouring, pressure sensors continuously monitor lateral pressure. P Changes, when the side pressure is detected to be continuously decreasing and below a preset threshold [ P When the concrete is in the pouring mode, the intelligent control module automatically switches from the pouring mode to the solidification mode; at the same time, the intelligent control module issues a prompt signal to inform the operator of the concrete status. S6. High-efficiency demolding: When the concrete reaches the demolding strength, the demolding mode is activated; the intelligent control module first sends a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil to reduce the initial demolding resistance; then, the control unit remotely controls the micro motor to retract the electric pin, releasing the mechanical lock, thereby completing the demolding.

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