Multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-channel rotary valve with precise angle control, which comprises a reduction motor, a valve body and a valve head; the valve body is coaxially provided with a thrust bearing, a shaft coupling, a disc spring, a connecting shaft, an adjusting gasket, a conversion head and a grinding head in sequence; the thrust bearing and the shaft coupling are sequentially sleeved on an output shaft of the reduction motor, and a code disc is fixedly sleeved on an outer periphery of the shaft coupling and electrically connected with an inductive plate; the shaft coupling is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft through a double-key driving structure, the disc spring is sleeved on the shaft coupling, the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with the conversion head through the adjusting gasket, and a sliding bearing is sleeved on an outer periphery of the connecting shaft; the conversion head, the grinding head and a sealing gasket are sequentially tightly attached, the sealing gasket is coaxially embedded into the valve head through an embedded spline, and the grinding head and the sealing gasket are both provided with a central hole in the center and a plurality of corresponding passage holes in the outer periphery. The application can accurately control the turning angle and ensure good sealing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fluid control, and more particularly to a multi-channel rotary valve with precise angle control. Background Technology

[0002] Existing multi-channel valves typically use a motor to drive the valve core to rotate when switching fluid channels. Existing switching methods and rotary valves have the following problems:

[0003] (1) Due to insufficient fit between the valve core and the valve body, and inaccurate position detection, there is a deviation in the switching position, which can easily lead to leakage or cross-contamination.

[0004] (2) Traditional coupling structures have gaps when transmitting torque, which affects the accuracy of angle control.

[0005] (3) In the ordinary multi-channel rotary valve stator scheme, the stator is fixed with a small clearance fit. When the rotor is rotating, the rotational force will be transmitted to the stator. When the rotor rotates in one direction, the stator remains unchanged. When the rotor starts to rotate in the opposite direction, the stator starts to move within a limited range, causing the valve port position to shift. Different degrees of flow path crosstalk will occur, affecting the measurement accuracy of the interference instrument.

[0006] (4) Ordinary multi-channel rotary valve positioning schemes use magnetic coding positioning or photoelectric induction relative positioning. Magnetic coding sensor has a large structure, is complicated to install, and is easily affected by the environment. Photoelectric induction relative positioning requires initialization to find a fixed port position, and when switching port positions, it requires step counting or timing. Errors cannot be corrected during rotation, and the port position where it stops may be offset, making it impossible to accurately take or drain liquid.

[0007] (5) The valve head of the ordinary multi-channel rotary valve adopts an integrated design of valve head and grinding head. After long-term operation, the valve head will wear and become clogged, which is not conducive to valve head disassembly and cleaning.

[0008] Therefore, a valve body assembly that can precisely control the steering angle and ensure good sealing is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a multi-channel rotary valve with precise angle control.

[0010] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0011] A multi-channel rotary valve with precise angle control includes a geared motor, a valve body, and a valve head arranged sequentially from back to front along the axial direction; inside the valve body, from back to front, are arranged coaxially as follows: a thrust bearing, a coupling, a disc spring, a connecting shaft, an adjusting shim, a conversion head, and a grinding head; a sensing plate is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the valve body, and its sensor is placed inside the valve body.

[0012] The thrust bearing and coupling are sequentially sleeved on the output shaft of the geared motor. The encoder is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumference of the coupling and electrically connected to the sensor of the sensing plate. At least one pair of centrally symmetrical double keyways are opened on the outer circumference of the front end face of the coupling, which cooperate with the corresponding double key on the rear end face of the connecting shaft to form a double key transmission structure. The disc spring is sleeved on the coaxial column at the front end of the coupling. The connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the conversion head through an adjusting shim. The coupling, connecting shaft, adjusting shim, and conversion head rotate synchronously. A sliding bearing is sleeved on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft, and the sliding bearing is interference-fitted with the valve body.

[0013] The conversion head is tightly fitted to the grinding head. The grinding head has a central hole and multiple channel holes evenly distributed around its outer periphery. A guide plane symmetrically arranged around the center of the grinding head cooperates with the guide platform inside the valve body to achieve circumferential positioning. The contact surface between the grinding head and the valve body is a high-roughness plane. The front end face of the conversion head has a radial guide groove for connecting the central hole and a certain channel hole. The grinding head installed at the center of the front end face of the valve body is sealed to the valve head by a sealing gasket. The sealing gasket is coaxially embedded in the center of the rear end face of the valve head through an embedded spline. Both the sealing gasket and the valve head have a central hole corresponding to the central hole and a channel hole corresponding to the channel hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the front end face of the geared motor serves as the mounting plane, and a locating countersunk hole is coaxially formed on the mounting plane for mounting the thrust bearing; the output shaft extends from the center of the locating countersunk hole, and the thrust bearing is coaxially sleeved on the output shaft, with the rear end face of the thrust bearing fitting against the bottom surface of the locating countersunk hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the coupling includes: a coaxial column, a code disk fixing platform, a limiting protrusion, and at least one pair of centrally symmetrical double keyways; the code disk fixing platform is disposed on the rear end face of the coupling and is used to fix the code disk; multiple limiting protrusions are uniformly arranged on the outer circumference of the code disk fixing platform; the code disk is a ring structure, and multiple limiting grooves are opened on its inner ring along the circumference, the number of limiting grooves is the same as the number of limiting protrusions and their positions correspond one-to-one;

[0016] The coupling has a protruding coaxial column at the center of its front end face and the encoder fixing platform at the center, and a through hole is opened in the center; the coaxial column at the center of the encoder fixing platform is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the output shaft, and the two are installed with a small gap; the thrust bearing is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the coaxial column at the center of the encoder fixing platform, and the surface of the encoder fixing platform is in contact with the front surface of the thrust bearing.

[0017] Furthermore, the valve body has a stepped first mounting hole, a second mounting hole, a third mounting hole, and a fourth mounting hole with decreasing inner diameters, arranged coaxially from back to front; a fifth mounting hole is radially opened on the valve body sidewall corresponding to the first mounting hole, and a through hole is radially opened on the valve body sidewall corresponding to the third mounting hole as a flow guide hole.

[0018] The coupling body is located in the first mounting hole, the sensing plate and the code disk are installed in the fifth mounting hole; the connecting shaft body and the sliding bearing are installed in the second mounting hole, the conversion head is located in the third mounting hole, the grinding head is located in the third mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole, and the intersection surface of the conversion head and the grinding head is located in the guide hole.

[0019] Furthermore, the front end face of the connecting shaft is circumferentially provided with a plurality of pins and has an exhaust hole 1; the adjusting shim has a pin hole 1 corresponding to each pin and an exhaust hole 2 corresponding to the exhaust hole 1; the rear end face of the converter head has a pin countersunk hole corresponding to each pin and an exhaust hole 3 corresponding to the exhaust hole 1; the front end face of the connecting shaft is fitted with the rear end face of the converter head through the adjusting shim, and the pins are fixed in the pin countersunk hole after passing through the pin hole 1, achieving a mirror-like rigid contact seal.

[0020] Furthermore, the conversion head also includes an arc-shaped groove and an exhaust port three; one end of the guide groove is connected to the center hole one of the grinding head, and the other end is connected to a certain channel hole one of the grinding head. As the conversion head rotates, the guide groove connects the center hole one with different channel holes one; an arc-shaped groove is also provided on the front end face of the conversion head. The arc-shaped groove is not connected to the guide groove, and the exhaust port three is located in the arc-shaped groove.

[0021] Furthermore, a gasket mounting groove 2, which is adapted to the thickness and compression of the sealing gasket, is coaxially formed at the center of the rear end face of the valve head; a central hole 3 is formed at the center of the gasket mounting groove 2, and an annular gasket mounting groove 1 is coaxially formed on the outer periphery. The inner diameter of the gasket mounting groove 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the gasket mounting groove 2, and a first stepped surface is formed between the gasket mounting groove 1 and the gasket mounting groove 2; an inner spline 2 is formed on the inner periphery of the gasket mounting groove 1, and an outer spline 2 is formed on the outer periphery. Multiple channel holes 3 are uniformly formed on the inner periphery of the gasket mounting groove 1.

[0022] The sealing gasket has a central hole II at its front end face, and an annular groove coaxially formed around the outer periphery of the central hole II, the size of which matches the first stepped surface. The inner diameter of the annular groove is larger than the diameter of the central hole II. The central hole II and the annular groove form a second stepped surface, the size of which matches the gasket mounting groove II. The front end face of the sealing gasket has a plurality of channel holes II evenly formed around its circumference. The number of channel holes II is the same as that of channel holes III, and their positions correspond one-to-one. An internal spline I is formed around the outer periphery of the annular groove, and an external spline I is formed around the outer periphery of the sealing gasket.

[0023] After the sealing gasket is embedded in the valve head, the first stepped surface is interference-fitted with the annular groove, and the second stepped surface is interference-fitted with the gasket mounting groove 2; the first internal spline is fitted with the second internal spline, and the first external spline is fitted with the second external spline.

[0024] Furthermore, the grinding head consists of two short cylinders arranged coaxially, one in front of the other, with the diameter of the front cylinder being smaller than that of the rear cylinder. Two arc-shaped columns are symmetrically cut off along the center of the outer circumference of the rear cylinder, forming two parallel and centrally symmetrical planes that serve as guide planes. The distance between the guide planes is greater than the diameter of the front cylinder. An axial arc-shaped column is provided at the front end of the through hole in the valve body as a guide platform. The guide platform cooperates with the guide plane to restrict the rotational freedom of the grinding head. The front end face of the portion of the rear cylinder that protrudes from the front cylinder is the mating surface between the grinding head and the valve body. This mating surface is a plane with a roughness greater than or equal to Ra12.5. The corresponding mating surface of the valve body is also a plane with a roughness greater than or equal to Ra12.5.

[0025] Furthermore, the sensing plate includes: a plate, a second limiting protrusion, a connector, and a sensor; a connector is fixedly connected to one side surface of the plate for connecting to an external control board to achieve current or signal transmission; a sensor is fixedly connected to the other side surface of the plate for reading the absolute position of the encoder; a mounting groove is provided on the outer surface of the valve body at a position corresponding to the coupling, and the mounting groove is connected to the inside of the valve body; several second limiting grooves are provided on the side of the mounting groove, and the second limiting protrusion is correspondingly provided on the side of the plate;

[0026] After the plate is embedded in the mounting slot, the position of the sensor corresponds to the code disk and is electrically connected to it; the second limiting protrusion and the second limiting slot cooperate to limit the plate.

[0027] Furthermore, in the double-key transmission structure, the double key on the connecting shaft and the double keyway on the coupling are provided with a relatively long center distance, so that the torsional angle deviation of the guide groove of the conversion head is less than 0.3 degrees.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] (1) The present invention restricts the rotational freedom of the grinding head by cooperating with the guide plane groove of the valve body and the grinding head, so that it can only move axially, thereby ensuring that the channel hole between the conversion head and the grinding head can be precisely aligned and avoiding leakage caused by rotational misalignment.

[0030] (2) The coupling and connecting shaft of the present invention are coupled with a double key transmission structure, which realizes backlash-free transmission and improves the accuracy of angle control.

[0031] (3) The present invention directly installs the encoder on the coupling, which can directly detect the rotation angle of the connecting shaft. Combined with absolute encoding technology, it can accurately control the valve body's port position switching and has high repeatability.

[0032] (4) The coaxial cooperation of the coupling, connecting shaft and valve body of the present invention restricts the swing of the shaft to achieve coaxial transmission, ensuring good sealing and accuracy.

[0033] (5) The combination of the valve head and the grinding head in this invention makes the valve head easy to maintain, without the need to disassemble the internal components of the valve body, which is beneficial for cleaning and disassembling the valve head.

[0034] (6) The present invention has a compact overall structure, is suitable for space-constrained occasions, and is stable and reliable in operation. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel rotary valve with precise angle control in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an exploded view and (b) is a cross-sectional view.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the geared motor to the coupling in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an exploded view and (b) is a sectional view.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure from the coupling to the valve body in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an exploded view and (b) is a sectional view.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the converter head in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the valve head and the valve body in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an exploded view from a first perspective, (b) is an exploded view from a second perspective, and (c) is a sectional view.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the grinding head and the valve body in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a three-dimensional view of the grinding head and (b) is a plan view of the valve body for fitting with the grinding head.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the induction plate in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an exploded view, (b) is a sectional view, and (c) is a side view of the installation of the encoder and coupling.

[0042] In the diagram, 1 is the geared motor, 1-1 is the limiting countersunk hole, and 1-2 is the output shaft; 2 is the thrust bearing, 3 is the encoder, and 3-1 is the limiting groove; 4 is the coupling, 4-1 is the double keyway, 4-2 is the coaxial column, 4-3 is the encoder fixing platform, and 4-4 is the limiting protrusion; 5 is the disc spring, 6 is the connecting shaft, 6-1 is the double key, 6-2 is the coaxial hole, 6-3 is the pin, and 6-4 is the vent hole; 7 is the adjusting shim, 7-1 is the pin hole, and 7-2 is the vent hole; 8 is the converter head, 8-1 is the guide groove, 8-2 is the arc groove, and 8-3 is the vent hole; 9 is the grinding head, 9-1 is the high roughness plane, 9-2 is the guide plane, 9-3 is the center hole, and 9-4 is the channel hole; 10 is the valve body, 10-1 is the first mounting hole, 10-2 is the second mounting hole, and 10-4 is the third mounting hole. Mounting hole 10-3, fourth mounting hole 10-4, fifth mounting hole 10-5, guide hole 10-6, positioning hole 10-7, high roughness plane 2 10-8, mounting groove 10-9, limit groove 2 10-10; sliding bearing 11, sealing gasket 12, annular groove 12-1, external spline 12-2, internal spline 2 12-3, channel hole 2 12-4, center hole 2 12-5; valve head 13, gasket mounting groove 13-1, external spline 2 13-2, internal spline 2 13-3, channel hole 3 13-4, center hole 3 13-5, gasket mounting groove 2 13-6, positioning pin 13-7; sensing plate 14, limit protrusion 2 14-1, connector 14-2, sensor 14-3. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. The objectives and effects of the present invention will become clearer as a result. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control includes: a geared motor 1, a thrust bearing 2, an encoder 3, a coupling 4, a disc spring 5, a connecting shaft 6, an adjusting shim 7, a converter head 8, a grinding head 9, a valve body 10, a sliding bearing 11, a sealing gasket 12, a valve head 13, and a sensing plate 14.

[0045] The geared motor 1 is coaxially fixed to the rear end face of the valve body 10, and the front end face of the valve body 10 is coaxially fixed to the valve head 13. The valve body 10 is equipped with the following components coaxially from back to front: thrust bearing 2, coupling 4, disc spring 5, connecting shaft 6, adjusting shim 7, conversion head 8, and grinding head 9.

[0046] like Figure 2As shown, the front end face of the geared motor 1 serves as the mounting plane, and a limiting countersunk hole 1-1 is coaxially formed on the mounting plane for mounting the thrust bearing 2; the output shaft 1-2 extends from the center of the limiting countersunk hole 1-1, and the thrust bearing 2 is coaxially sleeved on the output shaft 1-2, with the rear end face of the thrust bearing 2 in contact with the bottom surface of the limiting countersunk hole 1-1; with the coordinated cooperation of the output shaft 1-2 and the limiting countersunk hole 1-2, the inner and outer radial limits, as well as the axial limit, of the thrust bearing 2 are achieved.

[0047] like Figure 1-3 , Figure 7 As shown, the coupling 4 includes: a double keyway 4-1, a coaxial column 4-2, a code disk fixing platform 4-3, and limiting protrusions 4-4. The rear end face of the coupling 4 has a protruding code disk fixing platform 4-3 for fixing the code disk 3, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the code disk 3 during operation. Multiple limiting protrusions 4-4 (three in this embodiment) are evenly arranged circumferentially on the outer periphery of the code disk fixing platform 4-3. An indentation is provided between adjacent limiting protrusions 4-4 for absolute positioning of the code disk. A hole is opened on the rear end face of the coupling 4 corresponding to the indentation for screw fixing of the code disk. The coupling 4 has a protruding coaxial post 4-2 at the center of its front end face and at the center of the encoder fixing platform 4-3, with a through hole coaxially formed at the center. The coaxial post 4-2 at the center of the encoder fixing platform 4-3 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the output shaft 1-2, with a small clearance between them. The thrust bearing 2 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the coaxial post 4-2, and the surface of the encoder fixing platform 4-3 is in contact with the front surface of the thrust bearing 2. The installation and fit of the coupling 4, the thrust bearing 2, and the geared motor 1 with the shaft center as the reference ensures coaxiality and eliminates front end wobble. The outer circumference of the front end face of the coupling 4 has at least one pair of centrally symmetrical double keyways 4-1 for forming a double key transmission structure with the connecting shaft 6 for installation.

[0048] The code disk 3 has a ring structure, with multiple limiting grooves 3-1 circumferentially formed on its inner ring. The number of limiting grooves 3-1 and the positions of limiting protrusions 4-4 are the same, allowing the code disk 3 to be directly fixed to the outer circumference of the coupling 4, rotating with the coupling 4 and achieving radial limiting. This is used to precisely control the circumferential positioning of the converter head 8, ensuring the accuracy of the control of the multi-channel rotary valve's channel conduction state. A groove is provided between adjacent limiting grooves 3-1 on the inner ring of the code disk 3. The number of these grooves is the same as the recesses on the code disk fixing platform 4-3, and their positions correspond one-to-one. The direct connection design between the code disk 3 and the coupling 4 eliminates positioning errors caused by rotational sway and the clearance of the output shaft in traditional gearboxes. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the code disk 3 is an absolute encoder code disk.

[0049] like Figure 3As shown, the valve body 10 has, from back to front, coaxially arranged stepped mounting holes: a first mounting hole 10-1, a second mounting hole 10-2, a third mounting hole 10-3, and a fourth mounting hole 10-4, with decreasing inner diameters. A fifth mounting hole 10-5 is radially formed on the side wall of the valve body 10 corresponding to the first mounting hole 10-1 (i.e., the axis of the fifth mounting hole 10-5 is orthogonal to the axis of the first mounting hole 10-1). A through hole serving as a guide hole 10-6 is radially formed on the side wall of the valve body 10 corresponding to the third mounting hole 10-3 (i.e., the axis of the guide hole 10-6 is orthogonal to the axis of the third mounting hole 10-3). The mounting position of the encoder 3 corresponds to the fifth mounting hole 10-5.

[0050] The disc spring 5 is mounted on the coaxial post 4-2 at the front end of the coupling 4. The connecting shaft 6 includes a double key 6-1, a coaxial hole 6-2, a pin 6-3, and a vent hole 6-4. The rear end face of the connecting shaft 6 has two stages of stepped countersunk holes with decreasing inner diameters, from back to front: the first countersunk hole and the second countersunk hole. The second countersunk hole is designated as the coaxial hole 6-2. The coaxial post 4-2 and the coaxial hole 6-2 are fitted with a small clearance, controlled between 0.01-0.05 mm, to achieve coaxial transmission. The coaxial post 4-2 also limits the displacement of the disc spring 5. The disc spring 5 provides a strong, stable, and precise axial preload over a long period to maximize the sealing between the adapter head 8 and the grinding head 9, thus achieving a more reliable and durable smooth torque transmission.

[0051] At least one pair of centrally symmetrical double keys 6-1 are axially arranged on the rear end face of the connecting shaft 6. Their number and position correspond to the double keyway 4-1, and the two form a double key transmission structure. The double key 6-1 and the double keyway 4-1 are in a small clearance fit, with the clearance controlled between 0.01-0.03mm, to achieve micro-clear clearance transmission.

[0052] Furthermore, the double-key transmission structure is designed with a relatively long center distance, so that the torsional angle deviation of the guide groove 8-1 of the converter head 8 is less than 0.3 degrees, thereby achieving high precision control of the channel hole position switching of the converter head 8.

[0053] A sliding bearing 11 is fitted around the outer circumference of the connecting shaft 6. Both have smooth mounting surfaces and are fitted with a small clearance, controlled between 0.005-0.01 mm. The sliding bearing 11 restricts the circumferential position and oscillation of the connecting shaft 6, ensuring that the connecting shaft 6 remains coaxial with the valve body 10. The sliding bearing 11 has an interference fit with the second mounting hole 10-2, and the front end face of the sliding bearing 11 is in contact with the stepped surface between the second mounting hole 10-2 and the third mounting hole 10-3, allowing the sliding bearing 11 to be fixedly connected inside the valve body 10. In actual installation, the sliding bearing 11 is first fixedly connected inside the valve body 10, and then the connecting shaft 6 is installed into the sliding bearing 11.

[0054] Furthermore, the sliding bearing 11 can be selected as a ball bearing or a plastic bearing.

[0055] The front end face of the connecting shaft 6 is circumferentially provided with multiple pins 6-3, and has an exhaust hole 6-4 communicating with the coaxial hole 6-2. The adjusting shim 7 has pin holes 7-1 corresponding to each pin 6-3, and an exhaust hole 7-2 corresponding to each exhaust hole 6-4. The rear end face of the adapter 8 has countersunk holes corresponding to each pin 6-3. The front end face of the connecting shaft 6 is fitted with the rear end face of the adapter 8 through the adjusting shim 7, and the pins 6-3 are fixed in the countersunk holes after passing through pin holes 7-1, achieving a mirror-like rigid contact seal. This fit enables synchronous rotation of the connecting shaft 6, adjusting shim 7, and adapter 8, and prevents the rotation axis from shifting.

[0056] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the converter head 8 includes: a guide groove 8-1, an arc-shaped groove 8-2, and an exhaust port 8-3. The front end face of the converter head 8 is in contact with the rear end face of the grinding head 9, and the two form a mirror-like rigid contact seal. A radial guide groove 8-1 is provided on the front end face of the converter head 8. One end of the guide groove 8-1 is connected to the center hole 9-3 of the grinding head 9, and the other end is connected to a channel hole 9-4 of the grinding head 9. As the converter head 8 rotates, the center hole 9-3 is connected to different channel holes 9-4. An arc-shaped groove 8-2 is also provided on the front end face of the converter head 8 to reduce the area of ​​the sealing contact surface, reduce rotational friction resistance, and prevent the contact surfaces of the converter head 8 and the grinding head 9 from sticking together, which would make it difficult for the converter head 8 to rotate. A third vent hole 8-3 is provided in the arc groove 8-2. The third vent hole 8-3 corresponds to and is connected to the first vent hole 6-4 and the second vent hole 7-2, preventing the conversion head 8 and the grinding head 9 from staying for a long time and forming a vacuum, thereby achieving low frictional resistance and improving the sealing life. The conversion head 8 and the grinding head 9 are arranged in the third mounting hole 10-3 of the valve body 10, and the mating surfaces of the conversion head 8 and the grinding head 9 correspond to the position of the guide groove 10-6 of the valve body 10.

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, the valve head 13, sealing gasket 12, grinding head 9, and valve body 10 are arranged coaxially from front to back. The sealing gasket 12 is coaxially embedded into the center of the rear end face of the valve head 13 via an embedded spline, and the grinding head 9 is coaxially mounted at the center of the front end face of the valve body 10. The grinding head 9 and the valve head 13 achieve sealing through the compression deformation of the sealing gasket 12.

[0058] The valve head 13 includes: a gasket mounting groove 13-1, an external spline 13-2, an internal spline 13-3, a channel hole 13-4, a center hole 13-5, a gasket mounting groove 13-6, and a locating pin 13-7. A gasket mounting groove 13-6 is coaxially formed at the center of the rear end face of the valve head 13. The depth of the gasket mounting groove 13-6 is set according to the material and compression amount of the sealing gasket 12. A center hole 13-5 is formed at the center of the gasket mounting groove 13-6, and an annular gasket mounting groove 13-1 is coaxially formed on its outer periphery. The inner diameter of the gasket mounting groove 13-1 is larger than the diameter of the gasket mounting groove 13-6. The gasket mounting groove 13-1 and the gasket mounting groove 13-6 form a first stepped surface. An internal spline 13-3 is formed on the inner circumference of the gasket mounting groove 13-1, and an external spline 13-2 is formed on the outer circumference. Multiple channel holes 13-4 are evenly formed on the inner circumference of the gasket mounting groove 13-1. A positioning pin 13-7 is also provided on the rear end face of the valve head 13, which cooperates with the positioning hole 10-7 on the front end face of the valve body 10 to realize the positioning and installation of the valve body 10 and the valve head 13.

[0059] The sealing gasket 12 includes: an annular groove 12-1, an external spline 12-2, an internal spline 12-3, a channel hole 12-4, and a center hole 12-5. A center hole 12-5 is formed at the center of the front end face of the sealing gasket 12. An annular groove 12-1 is coaxially formed around the outer periphery of the center hole 12-5. The inner diameter of the annular groove 12-1 is larger than the diameter of the center hole 12-5. The center hole 12-5 and the annular groove 12-1 form a second stepped surface, and its dimensions are adapted to the gasket mounting groove 13-6. The dimensions of the annular groove 12-1 are adapted to the first stepped surface. Multiple channel holes 12-4 are evenly formed circumferentially on the front end face of the sealing gasket 12 (outside the annular groove 12-1). The number of channel holes 12-4 is the same as the number of channel holes 13-4, and their positions correspond one-to-one. An inner spline 12-3 is formed on the outer periphery of the annular groove 12-1, and an outer spline 12-2 is formed on the outer periphery of the sealing gasket 12. After the sealing gasket 12 is embedded in the valve head 13, the first stepped surface is interference-fitted with the annular groove 12-1, and the second stepped surface is interference-fitted with the gasket mounting groove 13-6. On the other hand, the inner spline 12-3 mates with the inner spline 13-3, and the outer spline 12-2 mates with the outer spline 13-2, with a fit clearance of 0.05mm-0.1mm. The two sets of spline mating achieve circumferential limiting of the sealing gasket 12, while providing space for compression deformation, thereby ensuring that the channel hole between the valve head 13 and the sealing gasket 12 can be accurately aligned, avoiding leakage caused by misalignment.

[0060] Furthermore, the sealing gasket 12 is preferably made of rubber, but can also be made of metal, preferably a nickel-based alloy.

[0061] like Figure 6As shown, the grinding head 9 includes: a high-roughness plane 9-1, a guide plane 9-2, a central hole 9-3, and a channel hole 9-4. The grinding head 9 consists of two short cylinders arranged coaxially, one in front of the other. The diameter of the front cylinder is smaller than that of the rear cylinder. Two arc-shaped columns are symmetrically cut off along the center of the outer circumference of the rear cylinder, forming two parallel and centrally symmetrical planes, which are the guide planes 9-2. The distance between the guide planes 9-2 is greater than the diameter of the front cylinder. An axial arc-shaped column is correspondingly provided at the front end of the third mounting hole of the valve body 10 as a guide platform. The guide platform cooperates with the guide plane 9-2, restricting the rotational freedom of the grinding head 9, so that the grinding head 9 can only move axially within the valve body 10 and cannot rotate circumferentially. This ensures that the channel hole between the conversion head 8 and the grinding head 9 can be precisely aligned, avoiding leakage caused by rotational misalignment. The front end face of the portion of the rear cylinder that protrudes from the front cylinder is the mating surface between the grinding head 9 and the valve body 10. This mating surface is set with high roughness, namely high roughness plane 19-1. The corresponding mating surface of the valve body 10 is also set with high roughness, namely high roughness plane 10-8. This ensures that under the preload of the disc spring 5, the static friction force generated between the grinding head 9 and the valve body 10 is greater than the rotational torque transmitted to the grinding head 9 when the switching head 8 rotates, ensuring that the grinding head 9 does not rotate, achieving precise switching of the channel holes, and avoiding additional disturbances to the flow path caused by rotational misalignment. A central hole 19-3 penetrating the grinding head 9 is opened at the center of the front end face of the front cylinder. Multiple channel holes 19-4 penetrating the grinding head 9 are evenly opened on the outer circumference. The number of channel holes 19-4 is the same as that of channel holes 12-4 and channel holes 13-4, and their positions correspond one-to-one.

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, a sensing plate 14 is mounted on the valve body 10. The sensing plate 14 includes: a plate, a second limiting protrusion 14-1, a connector 14-2, and a sensor 14-3. The connector 14-2 is fixedly connected to one side surface of the plate for connection to the external control board of the multi-channel rotary valve to achieve current or signal transmission; the sensor 14-3 is fixedly connected to the other side surface. The position of the sensor 14-3 corresponds to and is electrically connected to the encoder 3 for reading the absolute position of the encoder 3. A mounting groove 10-9 is formed on the outer surface of the valve body 10, which communicates with the fifth mounting hole 10-5. Several second limiting grooves 10-10 are formed on the side of the mounting groove 10-9. The plate size is adapted to the mounting groove 10-9, and the second limiting protrusion 14-1 is correspondingly provided on its side to further improve positioning accuracy. After the plate is embedded in the mounting slot 10-9, the sensor 14-3 passes through the fifth mounting hole 10-5 and is electrically connected to the code disk 3. The second limiting protrusion 14-1 cooperates with the second limiting slot 10-10 to limit the plate and accurately place the sensor plate 14.

[0063] The working process of this invention is as follows: the geared motor 1 outputs torque as a power component, driving the coupling 4 to rotate. The coupling 4 drives the connecting shaft 6 to rotate through a double-key transmission structure, and the connecting shaft 6 drives the conversion head 8 to rotate. The disc spring 5 set between the coupling 4 and the connecting shaft 6 provides preload force for the valve core. The grinding head 9 corresponds one-to-one with the channel holes on the valve head 13. The leakage fluid flows out from the guide hole 10-6. The center hole 9-3 of the grinding head 9 flows into the channel hole 13-4 of the valve head 13 through the guide groove 8-1, the channel hole 9-4 of the grinding head 9, and the channel hole 12-4 of the sealing gasket 12. As the conversion head 8 rotates axially, the relative position of the guide groove 8-1 changes, realizing channel switching. The sensing plate 14 detects the rotation angle of the encoder 3 in real time, thereby accurately controlling the axial position of the conversion head 8 and ensuring the accuracy of the channel hole alignment.

[0064] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above descriptions are merely preferred examples of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. All modifications and equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A multi-channel rotary valve with precise angle control, characterized in that, It includes a geared motor, valve body, and valve head arranged sequentially from back to front along the axial direction; inside the valve body, from back to front, are arranged coaxially as follows: thrust bearing, coupling, disc spring, connecting shaft, adjusting shim, conversion head, and grinding head; a sensing plate is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the valve body, and its sensor is placed inside the valve body; The thrust bearing and coupling are sequentially sleeved on the output shaft of the geared motor. The encoder is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumference of the coupling and electrically connected to the sensor of the sensing plate. At least one pair of centrally symmetrical double keyways are opened on the outer circumference of the front end face of the coupling, which cooperate with the corresponding double key on the rear end face of the connecting shaft to form a double key transmission structure. The disc spring is sleeved on the coaxial column at the front end of the coupling. The connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the conversion head through an adjusting shim. The coupling, connecting shaft, adjusting shim, and conversion head rotate synchronously. A sliding bearing is sleeved on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft, and the sliding bearing is interference-fitted with the valve body. The conversion head is tightly fitted to the grinding head. The grinding head has a central hole and multiple channel holes evenly distributed around its outer periphery. A guide plane symmetrically arranged around the center of the grinding head cooperates with the guide platform inside the valve body to achieve circumferential positioning. The contact surface between the grinding head and the valve body is a high-roughness plane. The front end face of the conversion head has a radial guide groove for connecting the central hole and a certain channel hole. The grinding head installed at the center of the front end face of the valve body is sealed to the valve head by a sealing gasket. The sealing gasket is coaxially embedded in the center of the rear end face of the valve head through an embedded spline. Both the sealing gasket and the valve head have a central hole corresponding to the central hole and a channel hole corresponding to the channel hole. The sensing plate includes: a plate, two limiting protrusions, a connector, and a sensor; a connector is fixedly connected to one side surface of the plate for connecting to an external control board to achieve current or signal transmission; a sensor is fixedly connected to the other side surface of the plate for reading the absolute position of the encoder; a mounting groove is provided on the outer surface of the valve body at a position corresponding to the coupling, and the mounting groove is connected to the inside of the valve body; several limiting grooves are provided on the side of the mounting groove, and limiting protrusions are correspondingly provided on the side of the plate; After the plate is embedded in the mounting slot, the position of the sensor corresponds to the code disk and is electrically connected to it; the second limiting protrusion and the second limiting slot cooperate to limit the plate.

2. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end face of the geared motor serves as the mounting plane, and a locating countersunk hole is coaxially formed on the mounting plane for mounting the thrust bearing; the output shaft extends from the center of the locating countersunk hole, and the thrust bearing is coaxially sleeved on the output shaft, with the rear end face of the thrust bearing fitting against the bottom surface of the locating countersunk hole.

3. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling includes: a coaxial column, a code disk fixing platform, a limiting protrusion, and at least one pair of double keyways symmetrically arranged around the center; the code disk fixing platform is disposed on the rear end face of the coupling and is used to fix the code disk; multiple limiting protrusions are evenly arranged around the outer periphery of the code disk fixing platform; the code disk is a ring structure, and multiple limiting grooves are opened around its inner ring, the number of limiting grooves is the same as the number of limiting protrusions, and their positions correspond one-to-one; The coupling has a protruding coaxial column at the center of its front end face and the encoder fixing platform at the center, and a through hole is opened in the center; the coaxial column at the center of the encoder fixing platform is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the output shaft, and the two are installed with a small gap; the thrust bearing is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the coaxial column at the center of the encoder fixing platform, and the surface of the encoder fixing platform is in contact with the front surface of the thrust bearing.

4. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body has a stepped first mounting hole, a second mounting hole, a third mounting hole, and a fourth mounting hole with decreasing inner diameter, arranged coaxially from back to front. A fifth mounting hole is radially opened on the valve body side wall corresponding to the first mounting hole, and a through hole is radially opened on the valve body side wall corresponding to the third mounting hole as a flow guide hole. The coupling body is located in the first mounting hole, the sensing plate and the code disk are installed in the fifth mounting hole; the connecting shaft body and the sliding bearing are installed in the second mounting hole, the conversion head is located in the third mounting hole, the grinding head is located in the third mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole, and the intersection surface of the conversion head and the grinding head is located in the guide hole.

5. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end face of the connecting shaft is evenly provided with multiple pins in the circumferential direction and has an exhaust hole 1. The adjusting shim has a pin hole 1 corresponding to each pin and an exhaust hole 2 corresponding to the exhaust hole 1. The rear end face of the adapter has a pin countersunk hole corresponding to each pin and an exhaust hole 3 corresponding to the exhaust hole 1. The front end face of the connecting shaft is fitted with the rear end face of the adapter through the adjusting shim. After the pin passes through the pin hole 1, it is fixed in the pin countersunk hole to achieve a mirror-like rigid contact seal.

6. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conversion head also includes an arc-shaped groove and an exhaust port three; one end of the guide groove is connected to the center hole one of the grinding head, and the other end is connected to a certain channel hole one of the grinding head. As the conversion head rotates, the guide groove connects the center hole one with different channel holes one; an arc-shaped groove is also provided on the front end face of the conversion head. The arc-shaped groove is not connected to the guide groove, and the exhaust port three is located in the arc-shaped groove.

7. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear end face of the valve head is coaxially provided with a gasket mounting groove 2 that matches the thickness and compression of the sealing gasket; the center of the gasket mounting groove 2 is provided with a central hole 3, and an annular gasket mounting groove 1 is coaxially provided on the outer periphery. The inner diameter of the gasket mounting groove 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the gasket mounting groove 2. The gasket mounting groove 1 and the gasket mounting groove 2 form a first stepped surface; the inner periphery of the gasket mounting groove 1 is provided with an internal spline 2, and the outer periphery is provided with an external spline 2. Multiple channel holes 3 are uniformly provided on the inner periphery of the gasket mounting groove 1. The sealing gasket has a central hole II at its front end face, and an annular groove coaxially formed around the outer periphery of the central hole II, the size of which matches the first stepped surface. The inner diameter of the annular groove is larger than the diameter of the central hole II. The central hole II and the annular groove form a second stepped surface, the size of which matches the gasket mounting groove II. The front end face of the sealing gasket has a plurality of channel holes II evenly formed around its circumference. The number of channel holes II is the same as that of channel holes III, and their positions correspond one-to-one. An internal spline I is formed around the outer periphery of the annular groove, and an external spline I is formed around the outer periphery of the sealing gasket. After the sealing gasket is embedded in the valve head, the first stepped surface is interference-fitted with the annular groove, and the second stepped surface is interference-fitted with the gasket mounting groove 2; the first internal spline is fitted with the second internal spline, and the first external spline is fitted with the second external spline.

8. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding head consists of two short cylinders arranged coaxially, one behind the other, with the diameter of the front cylinder smaller than that of the rear cylinder. Two arc-shaped columns are symmetrically cut off along the center of the outer circumference of the rear cylinder, forming two parallel and centrally symmetrical planes that serve as guide planes. The distance between these guide planes is greater than the diameter of the front cylinder. An axial arc-shaped column is provided at the front end of the through hole in the valve body as a guide platform. The guide platform cooperates with the guide plane to restrict the rotational freedom of the grinding head. The front end face of the portion of the rear cylinder that protrudes from the front cylinder is the mating surface between the grinding head and the valve body. This mating surface is a plane with a roughness greater than or equal to Ra12.

5. The corresponding mating surface of the valve body is also a plane with a roughness greater than or equal to Ra12.

5.

9. The multi-channel rotary valve with precision angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The double-key transmission structure has a relatively long center distance between the double key on the connecting shaft and the double keyway on the coupling, so that the torsional angle deviation of the guide groove of the conversion head is less than 0.3 degrees.

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