A flow-induced electric power generation device based on dipole effect enhancement and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of flow-induced electrostatic power generation devices, and discloses a flow-induced electrostatic power generation device and its preparation method based on dipole effect enhancement. From top to bottom, the device comprises: a water droplet, a top electrode, a ferroelectric polarization layer, an active layer, a bottom electrode, and a flexible substrate. The top electrode is a grid-like aluminum-based conductive carbon adhesive, the ferroelectric polarization layer is a grid-like ferroelectric PVDF film, the active layer is an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material, the bottom electrode is a filter paper loaded with hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes / PDEOT:PSS, and the flexible substrate is a PET film. The power generation device prepared by this method, under conditions of 22°C and 60% relative humidity (RH), after adding 50 μL of water, exhibits a V0 of... oc Reaching 0.8 V, peak short I sc It provides 1.5 mA (an order of magnitude improvement over existing technologies) and operates stably for over 7500 seconds. The integrated array, connected in series and parallel, can directly and stably power electronic devices such as thermometers, hygrometers, 3W light bulbs, and smartphones.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flow-induced electrostatic power generation devices, specifically to a flow-induced electrostatic power generation device and its preparation method based on dipole effect enhancement. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing severity of environmental problems, developing green, efficient, and sustainable energy harvesting technologies has become a core challenge for society today. Among many emerging solutions, flow-driven electrogenerators (SCGs) based on classical electrokinetic theory have significant advantages due to their unique DC output characteristics, excellent environmental adaptability, and green sustainability. This technology can directly convert fluid kinetic energy into electrical energy through the interaction between water (including bulk water, water droplets, and moisture) and nanochannels; specifically, when water molecules flow within nanochannels, the ion shielding effect leads to the formation of an electric double layer (EDL), and a flow potential is generated through the directional flow of net ions. Although some progress has been made in the research of flow-driven electrogenerators (SCGs) in recent years, especially in material optimization and device design, the output performance (typically in the microampere range) and operating time (typically less than 1 hour) of existing devices still severely limit their practical application potential.

[0003] To achieve continuous and efficient electrical output from flow-induced electro-generators (SCGs), researchers have focused on enhancing ion migration kinetics and concentration gradient maintenance capabilities, achieving significant progress. At the materials level, the development of various highly hydrophilic porous nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, metal oxides and their derivatives, biomaterials, and carbon materials, has strengthened the interaction between water and materials, thereby enhancing the net ion dissociation capacity. At the structural level, the design of novel device structures, such as asymmetric heterostructures, hygroscopic-evaporative cycles, and interfacial passivation layers, has further improved the directional migration rate and concentration gradient of ions. These existing technologies are all based on classical electrokinetic theory, with ion migration within nanochannels as the core process for generating electrical energy. They enable the fundamental conversion of fluid kinetic energy into electrical energy, laying the foundation for further optimization of flow-induced electro-generator technology.

[0004] However, existing current-driven electrostatic power generation technology still has significant drawbacks that restrict its industrial application: First, its output performance and stability are insufficient. The output current of existing devices is usually in the microampere range, and the continuous operating time is still mostly less than 1 hour, which is difficult to meet the actual power supply requirements of most electronic devices. Second, the core driving mechanism has limitations. The ion migration inside existing SCGs still mainly relies on concentration gradient driving, which cannot achieve effective control of ion dynamics. Although current can be generated by directional migration of ions driven by concentration gradient in the initial stage of operation, the concentration gradient will quickly tend to equilibrium in a short time, resulting in short-circuit current (I0). sc It rapidly decays to zero, only able to maintain the open-circuit voltage (V) briefly.oc Third, existing improvement strategies have limited effectiveness. Although some studies have proposed reconstructing the concentration gradient by consuming the ions accumulated at both ends of the device through photocatalysis or redox reactions, the former still suffers from low catalytic efficiency, and the latter suffers from the passivation effect of active metals, which still cannot avoid the problem of rapid decay of the concentration gradient, ultimately leading to low or even no output from the device. To overcome this key bottleneck, it is urgent to introduce new mechanisms that can effectively regulate ion dynamics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a flow-induced electrostatic power generation device and its preparation method based on dipole effect enhancement, so as to solve the technical problem of short continuous operation time of existing flow-induced electrostatic power generation technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a current-induced electrostatic power generation device based on dipole effect enhancement, comprising, from top to bottom: a water droplet, a top electrode, a ferroelectric polarization layer, an active layer, a bottom electrode, and a flexible substrate; the top electrode is a grid-like aluminum-based conductive carbon adhesive, the ferroelectric polarization layer is a grid-like ferroelectric PVDF film, the active layer is an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material, the bottom electrode is a filter paper loaded with hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes / PDEOT:PSS, and the flexible substrate is a PET film.

[0007] Preferably, as an improvement, the thickness of the ferroelectric PVDF film can be selected from 28 μm, 52 μm, and 110 μm, with 52 μm being the most preferred. This facilitates a balance between dipole potential and interface bonding.

[0008] Preferably, as an improvement, the effective area of ​​a single device is 1~12.25 cm². 2 6.25cm is preferred. 2 This facilitates a balance between power density per unit area and total output current.

[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the water droplet volume is controlled between 5 and 100 μL, preferably 50 μL. This facilitates maintaining sufficient water penetration.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, this solution also provides a method for preparing Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite materials, which are prepared by in-situ growth on the surface of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal method, including the following steps:

[0011] S1-1, Hydrothermal reaction: α-Al2O3, terephthalic acid and zirconium chloride are added to N,N-dimethylformamide. After ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring, glacial acetic acid is added and stirring is continued to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is transferred to a high-pressure reactor and placed in an oven to react at 120°C for 24 hours.

[0012] S1-2. Post-processing: After the reaction is completed, the product is washed three times by centrifugation with ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities. The washed material is dried and ground to obtain a uniform fine powder, which is the Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material as described in claim 1.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the molar ratio of Al2O3 to UIO-66 in the Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material is 20:1 to 100:1, preferably 80:1. This facilitates obtaining a structure that balances high specific surface area and low ion migration resistance.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, this solution also provides a method for preparing a current-induced electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement, the method for preparing the above-mentioned current-induced electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Preparation of the bottom electrode: Hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a stable dispersion; then, a highly conductive PEDOT:PSS solution is added to the dispersion, along with Triton-X100 and dimethyl sulfoxide to form a mixture; the mixture is stirred at 60-80°C for 2-3 hours to obtain MWCNT-OH / PEDOT:PSS conductive paste; the conductive paste is loaded onto filter paper by vacuum filtration and then dried on a hot plate at 60-80°C; after drying, it is cut to the required size and pasted onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to form the bottom electrode of the device;

[0016] Step 2: Spreading the active layer on the bottom electrode surface: The pre-prepared Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material is dispersed in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ultrasonically dispersed, and then stirred to obtain a dispersion; then polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder is added to the dispersion, heated and stirred, and cooled to obtain an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF mixed dispersion; then the mixed dispersion is dropped onto the plasma-treated bottom electrode surface and spread evenly by a scraping method, and then dried on a hot plate at 60~80℃ to form an active layer;

[0017] Step 3: Prepare the top electrode and assemble the device: Use aluminum-based conductive carbon adhesive pre-cut into a grid shape and attached with a ferroelectric PVDF film as the top electrode; place the top electrode on top of the active layer and bond it with a 1-3 wt% PVA solution; finally, dry it on a hot plate at 60-80℃ to complete the assembly of the device.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, in step two, the mass ratio of the Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material to the PVDF binder can be set to 100:1 to 1:1, preferably 20:1. This facilitates maintaining the stability of the porous network and a high interfacial zeta potential.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, in step one, the mass-to-volume ratio of the hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the PEDOT:PSS solution is 1:40 to 1:50; the amount of Triton-X100 added is 1 to 2 wt% of the mixture; and the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide added is 3 to 5 wt% of the mixture.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, in step three, the negative dipole (-CF2) direction of the ferroelectric PVDF film faces the active layer, and the positive dipole (-CH2) direction faces the top electrode.

[0021] This approach develops an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material with a large specific surface area and high zeta potential. By combining the material's inherent advantages with the ferroelectric dipole induction effect, the performance of the current-induced electrostatic generator is synergistically enhanced.

[0022] This solution also provides an application of a current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement in smart agriculture and distributed Internet of Things systems.

[0023] This solution also provides an application of a dipole-effect-enhanced current-driven power generation device for powering calculators, blue LEDs, thermometers, hygrometers, light bulbs, and smartphones.

[0024] The principle behind this solution is:

[0025] When water droplets fall onto the device surface and penetrate the active layer, water molecules dissociate to generate H+. + and OH - Ions. The built-in electric field, enhanced by the dipole effect of the ferropolar polarization layer, drives H... + Ions gradually accumulate at the top electrode, while OH- - Ions migrate downwards along the nanochannels and accumulate near the bottom electrode. This creates a stable ion concentration gradient across the device, enabling continuous voltage and current output. As operating time increases, internal moisture gradually evaporates, and the ion concentration gradient across the device gradually reaches equilibrium, inducing ion back diffusion and causing the output current to slowly decrease. However, under the continuous regulation of the built-in electric field, a certain ion distribution difference can always be maintained inside the device, thus ensuring the relative stability of the output voltage.

[0026] The advantages of this solution are:

[0027] 1. Compared with existing technologies, this solution introduces the ferroelectric dipole effect into the water droplet-driven flow-induced electro-electric power generation device for the first time, breaking through the bottleneck of low output current and short operating time of traditional devices. It can simultaneously achieve high-efficiency power output and long-term stable operation, significantly improving the practical application value of the device.

[0028] 2. This method utilizes an Al₂O₃ / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material with a large specific surface area and high zeta potential as the active layer, and employs the dipole-induced effect to modulate the charge density at the device interface, significantly enhancing the built-in electric field strength. Experimental results show that the enhanced built-in electric field effectively improves the ion driving force within the nanochannel and the binding force of ions at both ends of the device, thereby increasing the ion migration rate and concentration gradient maintenance time. Specifically, the power generation device prepared in this method, under conditions of 22°C and 60% relative humidity (RH), after adding 50 μL of water, exhibits a Vg of [missing value]. oc Reaching 0.8V, peak short I sc It provides 1.5mA (an order of magnitude improvement over existing technologies) and operates stably for over 7500 seconds. The integrated array, connected in series and parallel, can directly and stably power electronic devices such as thermometers, hygrometers, 3W light bulbs, and smartphones.

[0029] 3. The key technical advantage of this solution lies in the stable dipole field formed by the orientation polarization of the ferroelectric PVDF thin film. This field induces charges at the interface between the top electrode and the active layer, and works in conjunction with the porous composite material with high specific surface area and high zeta potential to construct an enhanced built-in electric field, thereby actively regulating ion dissociation and migration behavior. Specifically, this results in accelerated ion migration rates and a significantly prolonged concentration gradient maintenance time. The device not only increases the output current by an order of magnitude but also maintains a stable DC output for several hours, providing continuous power support for electronic devices and exhibiting good environmental adaptability and scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure (a) and output performance (b) of the current-induced electrostatic generator based on the dipole effect enhancement in this embodiment of the invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the flow-induced electrostatic generator (SCG) based on the dipole effect enhancement in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 The images shown are cross-sectional SEM images of the top electrode of the SCG device in this embodiment of the invention, as well as EDS energy dispersive spectra of C and Al elements.

[0033] Figure 4 The images show the FTIR spectra of the top electrode surface before and after air plasma treatment in this embodiment of the invention.

[0034] Figure 5 The images show the XRD patterns (a) and FTIR spectra (b) of polarized and unpolarized PVDF films in this embodiment of the invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the in-situ growth of UIO-66 nanoparticles on the surface of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles according to an embodiment of the present invention (a, by growing Zr...). 4+ UIO-66 crystals were synthesized by reacting Zr with the organic ligand terephthalic acid (H2BDC) in a mixed solvent of DMF and glacial acetic acid at 120°C for 24 hours; b. Zr was reacted with the organic ligand terephthalic acid (H2BDC) in a mixed solvent of DMF and glacial acetic acid at 120°C for 24 hours. 4+ By introducing terephthalic acid into a system containing α-Al2O3 nanoparticles, UIO-66 is grown in situ on the surface of α-Al2O3, forming an α-Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material.

[0036] Figure 7 The XRD patterns (a) and FTIR spectra (b) of α-Al2O3, UIO-66, α-Al2O3 / UIO-66, PVDF powders and α-Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF nanoparticles in the embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0037] Figure 8 The images shown are SEM images of α-Al2O3, UIO-66, α-Al2O3 / UIO-66, and α-Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF nanoparticles in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 The images show: (a) EDS spectra of Al and Zr elements in α-Al₂O₃ / UIO-66 in this embodiment of the invention; (b) SEM image of the PVDF binder; and (c) EDS spectra of Al, Zr, and F elements in α-Al₂O₃ / UIO-66 / PVDF.

[0039] Figure 10The surface Zeta potentials of different materials in the embodiments of the present invention are shown in the figure (the horizontal axis represents α-Al2O3; 2 represents UIO-66; 3 represents α-Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material; 4 represents PVDF powder; 5 represents Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF; 6 represents the top electrode; samples 7-10 correspond to the Zeta potentials measured when ferroelectric PVDF films with different dipole orientations are attached to the surface of the active layer or the top electrode: 7 represents a PVDF film attached to the surface of the active layer in the negative dipole direction; 8 represents a PVDF film attached to the surface of the top electrode in the positive dipole direction; 9 represents a PVDF film attached to the surface of the active layer in the positive dipole direction; 10 represents a PVDF film attached to the surface of the top electrode in the negative dipole direction).

[0040] Figure 11 The effects of PEDOT:PSS on the dispersibility of MWCNT-OH in aqueous solution and the quality of the film obtained after vacuum filtration in the embodiments of the present invention are shown in the following figures: (a) Comparison of dispersion state in the bottle after standing for one week: solution without PEDOT:PSS (left) and solution with PEDOT:PSS (right); (b) Photographs of the films formed after vacuum filtration and drying of the corresponding solutions on filter paper.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a photograph showing the color change over time after methyl red indicator is dropped onto the surface of the Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF active material layer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the ion migration and generator mechanism inside the SCG in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 14 The performance outputs (a) of Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite materials with different molar ratios as the active layer in the embodiments of the present invention are shown below: (a) Time dependence V under different molar ratios (pure Al2O3, 100:1, 80:1, 60:1, 40:1, 20:1) oc Curve; b, corresponding I sc curve).

[0044] Figure 15 The performance outputs (a) and (b) time dependence V of the active layer composed of Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite materials and PVDF binder with different mass ratios in the embodiments of the present invention are shown. oc Curve; b, corresponding I sc curve).

[0045] Figure 16The contact angle (CA) in this embodiment of the invention varies with the mass ratio of Al2O3 / UIO-66 to PVDF binder (a) contact angle at different active layer mass ratios; b) contact angle image when the mass ratio is 20:1 (CA = 39.80°).

[0046] Figure 17 This invention provides a comparison of the output performance of SCG devices using different materials (including conductive carbon paste (aluminum-based, Nisshin), Al, C, Au, and Pt) as top electrodes in the embodiments of the invention (a. time-dependent voltage curves under different top electrode materials; b. time-dependent current curves under different top electrode materials).

[0047] Figure 18 The effect of ferroelectric PVDF film thickness on the output performance of SCG device in this embodiment of the invention (a, voltage-time response curves of the device at different thicknesses; b, current-time response curves of the device at different thicknesses).

[0048] Figure 19 The following diagram illustrates the influence of the attachment position and dipole orientation of the ferroelectric PVDF film on the output performance of the SCG device in this embodiment of the invention: (a) Schematic diagram of different PVDF film attachment configurations (i) No PVDF film; ii) PVDF film placed between the top electrode and the active layer, with the negative dipole side (-CF2) facing the active layer; iii) PVDF film placed between the top electrode and the active layer, with the positive dipole side (-CH2) facing the active layer; iv) PVDF film attached to the surface of the top electrode, with the positive dipole side (-CH2) facing the surface of the top electrode); b) Output voltage-time curves for each configuration; c) Output current-time curves for each configuration.

[0049] Figure 20 The rectification ratio of the SCG devices obtained by using different nanomaterials (Al2O3, Al2O3 / UIO-66 and Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF-PVDF thin film) as the active layer in the embodiments of the present invention is calculated based on the current ratio measured at +2 V and -2 V.

[0050] Figure 21 The present invention provides a comparison of SCG devices with different top electrode shapes and their output performance in the embodiments of the present invention (a, schematic diagram of SCG device; b, schematic diagram of SCG device with various top electrode shapes; c, voltage-time response curve; d, current-time response curve).

[0051] Figure 22 The voltage-time curve (a) and the corresponding current-time curve (b) of the SCG device under different water volumes in this embodiment of the invention are shown.

[0052] Figure 23The figures show the voltage-time response curves (a) and the corresponding current-time response curves (b) of the SCG device under different water temperature conditions in this embodiment of the invention.

[0053] Figure 24 The output performance of the SCG device under different relative humidity conditions in the embodiments of the present invention is shown in (a, voltage-time curve; b, current-time curve).

[0054] Figure 25 The output performance of the SCG device in this embodiment of the invention under different NaCl solution concentrations is shown in the figures: (a) voltage-time curve; (b) current-time curve; (c) SCG device in deionized water and 10 NaCl solution. -3 Comparison of rectification ratios under NaCl solution conditions in M ​​(defined as the ratio of current at +2 V to -2 V).

[0055] Figure 26 This invention presents a comparison of the output performance of SCG devices under different device areas in the embodiments of the invention (a, voltage-time curves; b, current-time curves).

[0056] Figure 27 The output performance of the SCG device in this embodiment of the invention at different bending angles and after 5000 bending cycles is shown in (a) voltage-time curves at different bending angles; b) current-time curves at different bending angles; c) voltage-time curves of the device tested every month; d) current-time curves of the device tested every month.

[0057] Figure 28 The following are examples of the output performance of the large-scale integrated SCG in this invention and its application as an emerging power source: (a) Schematic diagram of a self-powered intelligent agricultural environmental monitoring system; (b) Open-circuit voltage (i) and short-circuit current (ii) curves when different SCG units are connected in series and parallel; (c) Charging a commercial capacitor of 100, 330, 470, 1000 and 2200 μF with a single SCG device; (d) Voltage-time curves when a group of 1 to 5 SCG units connected in series charges a commercial capacitor (2200 μF); (e) The integrated SCG can directly power a calculator, a blue LED (rated voltage 2.5 V), a thermometer and hygrometer, a light bulb (3 W) and a smartphone; (f) Powering a plant sensor to display soil temperature and humidity in real time.

[0058] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: water droplet 1, top electrode 2, ferroelectric polarization layer 3, active layer 4, bottom electrode 5, and flexible substrate 6. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0060] Example

[0061] This solution provides a power generation device comprising a porous Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material, specifically a current-induced electrostatic power generation device based on dipole effect enhancement, with a basic structure as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is assembled from a water droplet 1, a top electrode 2, a ferroelectric polarization layer 3, an active layer 4, a bottom electrode 5, and a flexible substrate 6 arranged in order from top to bottom.

[0062] Among them, the top electrode 2 is a grid-shaped aluminum-based conductive carbon paste, the ferroelectric polarization layer 3 is a grid-shaped ferroelectric PVDF film, the active layer 4 is an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material, the bottom electrode 5 is a filter paper loaded with hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes / PDEOT:PSS, and the flexible substrate 6 is a PET film.

[0063] This solution also provides a method for preparing a current-induced kinetic power generation device based on dipole effect enhancement, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Preparation of the bottom electrode: 100 mg of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added to 10 mL of deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min to obtain a stable dispersion. Then, 5 mL of a highly conductive PEDOT:PSS solution (the mass-to-volume ratio of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes to PEDOT:PSS solution was 1:40~1:50, specifically 1:50 in this example) was added to this dispersion, along with 1~2 wt% Triton-X100 (for dispersing MWCNT-OH) and 3~5 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide (for improving conductivity) solution. The mixture was stirred at 60~80 °C for 3 h to obtain a MWCNT-OH / PEDOT:PSS conductive slurry. The conductive slurry was loaded onto filter paper by vacuum filtration and then dried on a hot plate at 60~80 °C. After drying, it was cut to the required size and adhered to a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to form the bottom electrode of the device.

[0065] Step 2: Coating the active layer on the bottom electrode surface: First, prepare an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material. Then, disperse Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ultrasonically disperse for 10 min, and stir for 30 min to obtain a dispersion. Then, add polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder to the dispersion according to the set mass ratio (wherein, the mass ratio of Al2O3 / UIO-66 porous composite material to PVDF binder can be set to 100:1~1:1, preferably 20:1), and stir at 60~80℃ for 3 h. After stirring, cool to obtain a mixed dispersion. Then, drop the mixed dispersion onto the plasma-treated bottom electrode surface and spread it evenly by scraping. Then, dry it on a hot plate at 60~80℃ to form an active layer.

[0066] This solution also provides a method for preparing Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite materials, which are prepared by in-situ growth on the surface of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal method, including the following:

[0067] S1-1, Hydrothermal reaction: 5g of α-Al2O3, terephthalic acid and zirconium chloride (wherein the molar ratio of α-Al2O3, terephthalic acid and zirconium chloride is 20~100:1:1, preferably 80:1:1) were added to 50mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and dispersed by high-power ultrasonication for 10min, followed by stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 10min; then 2mL of glacial acetic acid was added and stirring was continued for 5min to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution was transferred to a high-pressure reactor and placed in an oven to react at 120℃ for 24h.

[0068] S1-2. Post-treatment: After the reaction, the obtained product was washed three times by centrifugation with 10 mL of ethanol and 10 mL of deionized water to remove impurities. The washed material was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80℃ for 12 hours. After drying, it was ground into a uniform fine powder in a mortar and pestle, which is the Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material, and stored for later use.

[0069] This solution also provides an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material, prepared by the above method.

[0070] Step 3: Fabrication of the top electrode and assembly of the device: An aluminum-based conductive carbon adhesive, pre-cut into a grid pattern (to facilitate moisture penetration) and coated with a ferroelectric PVDF film (thickness can be 28 μm, 52 μm, or 110 μm, preferably 52 μm), serves as the top electrode. The top electrode is placed above the active layer (with the negative dipole direction of the ferroelectric PVDF film facing the active layer) and bonded using a 2wt% PVA solution. Finally, it is dried on a hot plate at 60–80°C to complete the device assembly. The effective area of ​​a single power generation device prepared using this method is 1–12.25 cm². 2 6.25 cm is preferred. 2 The thickness is 0.4~0.6mm, and the weight is 0.5~0.7g. During power generation, the volume of the water droplets is 5~100 μL, preferably 50 μL.

[0071] It is important to note that both the top and bottom electrodes need to be plasma treated before bonding. This can improve their hydrophilicity and enhance the bonding force between the interface layers, thereby improving the overall stability of the device.

[0072] This solution also provides an application of a current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement in smart agriculture and distributed Internet of Things systems.

[0073] This solution also provides an application of a dipole-effect-enhanced current-driven power generation device for powering calculators, blue LEDs, thermometers, hygrometers, light bulbs, and smartphones.

[0074] Discussion of Results 1: Structure and Electrical Output Performance of a Single SCG Device

[0075] The output performance of SCG devices depends on the synergistic effect of net ion dissociation and migration behavior and concentration gradient. This approach effectively enhances ion migration rate and prolongs concentration gradient maintenance time by synergistically modulating the interfacial electric field through functional material optimization and ferroelectric dipole-induced effect.

[0076] To further reveal the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the SCG device, we systematically characterized its functional layers. The device employs an asymmetric vertical structure, consisting of a grid-like top electrode 2 (conductive carbon paste), an ferroelectric polarization layer 3 (PVDF film), an active layer 4 (Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF composite material), a bottom electrode 5 (MWCNT-OH / PEDOT:PSS), and a flexible substrate 6 (PET film). Figure 1 ).

[0077] The top electrode is a low-resistance aluminum-based conductive carbon paste, prepared by coating aluminum foil with carbon material. Its cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of Al and C elements confirm this structure. Figure 3Plasma treatment not only enhances the surface hydrophilicity of the top electrode but also strengthens its interfacial bonding with PVDF, thereby maintaining a stable ferroelectric dipole-induced effect. Figure 4 X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests showed that the β-phase content in the polarized PVDF film was significantly increased, indicating that the dipole moments in its molecular chains tended to be ordered and possessed good orientation. Figure 5 ).

[0078] The Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material in the active layer was prepared by in-situ growth of UIO-66 on the surface of α-Al2O3 via a hydrothermal method. Figure 6 A stable Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous structure was constructed by combining PVDF as a binder. XRD and FTIR spectra showed that the crystal structure and characteristic functional groups of each component remained intact during the preparation process, and no new phase formation was observed, indicating the successful preparation of the active material. Figure 7 SEM images further revealed that UIO-66 grew uniformly on the α-Al2O3 surface and formed a uniform and interconnected porous network with PVDF assistance. Figure 8 The EDS elemental mapping diagram shows that Al, Zr, and F elements are uniformly distributed in the composite material, and the F element content is low, indicating that PVDF is mainly distributed in the interparticle spaces rather than on the surface coating. Figure 9 This facilitates the construction of continuous ion channels. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution measurements show that UIO-66 has a pore size as high as 249.5 μm. 2 The specific surface area of ​​ / g and the main pore size of approximately 2.7nm are significantly superior to α-Al₂O₃, while the composite material still maintains a high specific surface area. Its pore size is mainly distributed in the range of 2.1~3.5nm, which is a typical mesoporous structure, which is beneficial to improving the adsorption and dissociation efficiency of water molecules. Zeta potential test results show ( Figure 10The horizontal axis represents the following samples: 1 represents α-Al2O3; 2 represents UIO-66; 3 represents the α-Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material; 4 represents PVDF powder; 5 represents Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF; 6 represents the top electrode; samples 7-10 correspond to the zeta potentials measured when ferroelectric PVDF films with different dipole orientations are attached to the surface of the active layer or the top electrode: 7 represents the PVDF film attached to the surface of the active layer with the negative dipole orientation; 8 represents the PVDF film attached to the surface of the top electrode with the positive dipole orientation; 9 represents the PVDF film attached to the surface of the active layer with the positive dipole orientation; 10 represents the PVDF film attached to the surface of the top electrode with the negative dipole orientation. The surface zeta potentials of α-Al2O3 and UIO-66 are +12.2 mV and +9.6 mV, respectively, which are significantly increased to +31.8 mV after compositing, indicating that the compositing strategy effectively enhances the interfacial charge density. After introducing a negatively charged PVDF binder, the Zeta potential drops slightly to +29.1mV, but remains at a high level, which is beneficial for improving the interfacial electric field strength and ion rectification capability of the device.

[0079] The bottom electrode was prepared by introducing PEDOT:PSS into the MWCNT-OH dispersion and using a vacuum filtration method, exhibiting both excellent conductivity and uniformity. SEM-EDS analysis showed that PEDOT:PSS significantly improved the distribution uniformity of MWCNT-OH, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the dispersion state in the bottle after standing for one week is compared: the solution without PEDOT:PSS (left) and the solution with PEDOT:PSS (right). The sample containing PEDOT:PSS shows a more stable and uniform dispersion.

[0080] To verify the ion selectivity of the device, we used methyl red indicator for visualization testing. Experimental results showed that H... + Ions accumulate on the surface of the active layer, while OH- - The ions migrate downwards, causing the methyl red solution to change from yellow to red within 2 seconds. Figure 12 This directly reflects the device's excellent ion selectivity.

[0081] Based on the above analysis, we propose the working mechanism of the SCG device ( Figure 13 When a water droplet lands on the surface of an SCG device and enters the active layer, the water molecules dissociate into H+. + With OH - ion( Figure 13 -i). Driven by the built-in electric field enhanced by the dipole effect, H⁺ ions are enriched near the top electrode, while OH⁻ ions migrate downwards along the nanochannel and accumulate near the bottom electrode. Figure 13-ii). This process establishes a stable ion concentration gradient across the device, resulting in continuous voltage and current output. Notably, the enhanced built-in electric field not only accelerates ion migration but also improves the ion binding capacity of the electrode interface, further strengthening the concentration gradient and its duration, significantly improving the device's output stability and lifespan. As operating time increases, water evaporation within the device leads to loss, and the ion concentration gradient across the device gradually approaches saturation, prompting ion back-diffusion and causing a slow decay in the output current. Figure 13 -iii). Nevertheless, the continuous regulation of the built-in electric field enables the device to maintain a certain ion concentration gradient, thereby maintaining a relatively stable output voltage.

[0082] Discussion of Results 2: Optimization of Electrical Output and Key Performance Factors of Individual SCG Devices

[0083] Considering that the output performance of SCG devices is affected by a combination of factors, including active materials, ferroelectric PVDF interface modulation, and environmental factors, we systematically optimized these parameters.

[0084] When UIO-66 is introduced, the output performance of the device first increases and then decreases with the increase of UIO-66 usage. Figure 14 The performance was optimal at a molar ratio of Al₂O₃ to UIO-66 of 80:1, as the composite material's large specific surface area and high surface zeta potential effectively promoted ion dissociation and migration. However, further increasing the UIO-66 ratio led to increased complexity of the nanochannel structure, which increased resistance to ion migration and resulted in performance degradation. Notably, at a molar ratio of 80:1, the device exhibited a significant peak Ig. sc The output, and the current, remain at a high level, indicating that there is a large and stable ion concentration gradient within the nanochannel.

[0085] Based on the Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material with a molar ratio of 80:1, the device output first increases and then decreases with the increase of the PVDF binder ratio. Figure 15 The optimal mass ratio is 20:1, V. oc and I sc The voltages were 0.65V and 0.78mA, respectively. An appropriate amount of PVDF binder not only helps to form a stable and interconnected porous network structure (… Figure 8 Furthermore, it can maintain good hydrophilicity and interfacial charge properties. Figure 16 and Figure 10 However, if the PVDF content is too low, it is difficult to form stable nanochannels, while if it is too high, the nanochannels may be partially blocked, which will weaken the hydrophilicity and surface zeta potential of the material, thus leading to a decrease in device performance.

[0086] Furthermore, different top electrode materials have a significant impact on the performance of SCG devices, such as Figure 17 As shown. When aluminum-based conductive carbon paste is used as the top electrode, the device exhibits the best output performance, I. sc The concentration gradient was consistently maintained above 0.48 mA, which was attributed to the built-in electric field significantly improving the migration rate of ions within the nanochannel and prolonging the duration of the ion concentration gradient. Figure 18 The effect of PVDF films of different thicknesses on the device output performance was further investigated. For the thinner PVDF film (28 μm), the significant interface pinning effect limited the orientation of the dipoles, resulting in a limited interface charge density induced by the weak dipole potential. Therefore, the device performance was only slightly improved compared to the film without PVDF. As the PVDF thickness increased to 52 μm, the spatial orientation uniformity of the dipoles inside the film was enhanced, forming a stronger dipole potential and significantly improving the ability to induce interface charge. Figure 10 This enhances the device's output performance. However, when the PVDF thickness reaches 110 μm, the greater film rigidity limits effective contact with the interface, leading to a decrease in output performance. Figure 18 Excitingly, compared to devices that do not employ optimized active materials and dipole-induced effects, the peak short-circuit current (I0) is significantly lower. sc It increased by 520%.

[0087] We further systematically investigated the effect of PVDF thin films on the output behavior of SCG devices under different attachment positions and dipole orientations. Figure 19 In type II devices, the positive dipole of the PVDF film faces the active layer and the negative dipole faces the top electrode. This orientation significantly enhances the interfacial charge accumulation under the dipole-induced effect, thereby increasing the interfacial Zeta potential. Figure 10 ), achieving optimal output performance, its V oc and peak I sc The voltages are 0.8 V and 1.5 mA, respectively. However, in the type III structure device, although the PVDF film is placed in the same position, its dipole direction is opposite, which suppresses the accumulation of interface charge, resulting in a decrease in the Zeta potential, and its V oc and peak I sc The voltage drops to 0.46V and 0.69mA, respectively. In contrast, in the type IV device, the dipole-induced effect only acts on the interface on the top electrode side, failing to effectively modulate the active layer interface, resulting in its output performance falling between that of type I and type II devices, with a corresponding V... oc It is 0.67V, and the peak value I is... scThe current-voltage (IV) rectification curves show that the three different compositions of the devices all exhibit typical ion rectification characteristics, with the rectification effect originating from the built-in electric field. With optimization of the active material, the rectification ratio of the devices slightly improves. After introducing the ferroelectric PVDF film, the rectification ratio significantly increases to 12.9, indicating that the dipole-induced effect significantly enhances the built-in electric field strength, thereby improving the ion migration rate. Figure 20 ).

[0088] These results demonstrate that by optimizing the active material and introducing a ferroelectric PVDF thin film, the built-in electric field strength was significantly enhanced, and the ion migration efficiency and interfacial conductivity were effectively improved, laying a solid foundation for the construction of high-performance SCG devices. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of different top electrode shapes on the performance of SCG devices. Figure 21 The grid-shaped top electrode not only facilitates rapid water penetration but also efficiently collects charge, and variations in the number of grids have minimal impact on device performance (i–iii type structures), thus exhibiting superior output performance. However, in iv and v type structures, charge collection is limited due to the smaller top electrode area or partial coverage of the active layer, leading to a significant decrease in device performance. Therefore, rationally designing the top electrode shape is crucial for optimizing the water transport path and improving charge collection efficiency.

[0089] Based on the above material and structural optimizations, we further systematically explored the impact of external environmental factors and operating conditions on the output performance of SCG devices. Figure 22 This demonstrates the effect of adding different amounts of water on the device's output performance. As the water volume increases from 5 μL to 50 μL, the peak value I... sc The peak I value increased significantly from 0.27 mA to 1.5 mA, but when the water volume increased to 100 μL, the peak value decreased. sc No significant improvement, but I sc It consistently remained above 0.77mA. Figure 22 This indicates that sufficient moisture can maintain water permeation and ion migration inside the device. We believe that smaller amounts of water tend to diffuse laterally, while sufficient amounts of water promote vertical water permeation, enhancing the flow potential. Figure 23 This study revealed the effect of water temperature on the device's output performance. As the temperature of the added water increased from 0°C to 60°C, the peak value I... sc The I value increased significantly from 0.15 mA to 2.11 mA, and throughout the test, the I value remained constant under all temperature conditions. scAll currents were maintained above 0.58 mA, indicating that higher water temperature increased the dissociation efficiency and diffusion rate of water molecules, thus resulting in a higher flow current. This method tested the electrical performance of the SCG device under different humidity conditions. The results are as follows: Figure 24 As shown, the device has a peak I value within a RH range of 15% to 90%. sc The device remains stable, indicating good stability to humidity changes. This is attributed to the fact that its generator mechanism is based on the flow potential induced by water permeation, rather than relying on the water evaporation process. Further analysis revealed that when the RH increases from 15% to 90%, the device's Ig... sc The decay rate is significantly slowed down, especially at 90% RH, I sc The voltage consistently remained above 1.3 mA. This phenomenon is likely attributed to the effective suppression of water evaporation loss under high humidity conditions, thereby maintaining a stable liquid water supply within the nanochannels, prolonging the duration of the permeation process, and ultimately achieving sustained high-performance output. It is worth noting that despite constantly changing external conditions, the device's VA... oc It remains basically stable, which is due to the good stability and persistence of the ion concentration gradient formed in the nanochannel.

[0090] In the above analysis, we clarified that the output behavior of the SCG device mainly stems from the water permeation-induced flow potential mechanism. However, this mechanism relies on the interfacial electric double layer (EDL) structure under low ionic strength conditions. Once a high concentration of ionic solution is added to the system, the output performance of the device will significantly decrease. Figure 25 As shown, with the increase of NaCl concentration, V oc Gradually increasing to 0.9V, peak I sc The output increased from 1.5 mA to 2.84 mA, significantly higher than the output level under deionized water conditions. According to EDL theory, the increased solution concentration enhances the interfacial shielding effect, thereby suppressing the formation of the flow potential. Therefore, the device output mechanism at this stage has shifted from flow potential to other mechanisms. To further clarify the source of the output enhancement, we compared the output with that under deionized water and 10... -3 The rectification ratio of the device under NaCl solution (M) Figure 25 c). The results show that the rectification ratio of the device dropped sharply from 12.9 to 2.6 after the addition of NaCl solution, further demonstrating that the output mechanism of the device has shifted to be dominated by redox reactions. Furthermore, the device area also has a significant impact on its electrical performance. Figure 26 As shown, when the area of ​​the device increases from 1 cm² 2 Increased to 12.25cm 2 At that time, the device's V oc It basically stays around 0.8V, with a peak I scThe current significantly increased from 0.23 mA to 2.75 mA, exhibiting an almost linear increasing trend. This is because the increase in device area is equivalent to the parallel expansion of nanochannels. It is worth noting that the area is 6.25 cm². 2 9cm 2 and 12.25cm 2 The device underwent continuous testing for over 900 seconds, I sc All outputs remained stable above 0.6 mA, demonstrating good output stability even after scaling up. In bending tests, the device showed minimal change in output performance between 0° and 180° bending angles. oc Stabilized at approximately 0.8V, peak I sc Maintaining an A value of approximately 1.5 mA throughout the entire bending test duration, I... sc Always above 0.6mA ( Figure 27 (a~b). Furthermore, the device maintained stable electrical output after being placed in a natural environment for 6 months, without showing significant performance degradation. Figure 27 (c~d) fully verified its long-term operational reliability, laying the foundation for its promotion in large-scale integrated applications.

[0091] Table 1. Comparison of performance parameters of this scheme with other representative water droplet-driven generators

[0092]

[0093] Data show that the enhanced built-in electric field further enriches H⁺ and OH⁻ at the electrode interface and efficiently converts them into electron flow, significantly improving the device's output performance. Experiments show that, at room temperature and 60% RH, after adding 50 μL of water, the device's Vt oc Reaching 0.8V, peak I sc It draws 1.5mA and maintains a DC current of over 13μA after 7500 seconds of operation. Under a 300Ω load, its individual dimensions are 2.5×2.5cm. 2 The maximum power density of the device is 23.1 μW·cm⁻¹. -2 Compared with existing SCG devices, the SCG proposed in this paper has advantages in output performance (voltage, current, and power density), which fully demonstrates the advanced nature of the ferroelectric dipole induced effect in improving device performance.

[0094] Discussion of Results 3: Application of SCG as a Novel Power Source in Smart Agriculture

[0095] Based on optimizing the electrical output performance of SCG devices, we propose a self-powered environmental sensing system for smart agriculture. Figure 28a) This system utilizes naturally dripping water droplets during irrigation to drive an SCG array distributed in the plant root zone, enabling real-time monitoring of key environmental parameters such as CO2 / O2 concentration, soil pH, temperature, humidity, and conductivity without external power supply. The sensed data is transmitted to a mobile terminal via a low-power wireless communication module, providing data support for the refined management of high-value-added crop cultivation environments. The system's stable operation relies on the excellent electrical output performance and high scalability of the SCG devices, meeting the energy consumption requirements of the multi-parameter sensing and data transmission modules. We employ a series-parallel integration strategy to enhance the overall output capability. For example... Figure 28 As shown in b, device V oc As the number of series-connected units increases, the voltage increases from 0.8V per unit to approximately 4V. Figure 28 (bi), when connected in parallel, the peak value I of the five units connected in parallel. sc It reaches 7.7mA and can be stably maintained above 4.5mA for 900s. Figure 28 (b-ii). The integrated SCG array can directly and rapidly charge commercial capacitors. For example... Figure 28 As shown in c, a single device can charge a capacitor ranging from 100μF to 2200μF to 0.8V within 20s. Figure 28 d further demonstrates the charging process of 1 to 5 series-connected devices for a 2.2mF capacitor, verifying the integrated array's ability to provide stable power to external loads.

[0096] We further applied the integrated SCG device to the aforementioned smart agriculture system to verify its feasibility as a practical power source. For example... Figure 28 As shown in f, this system utilizes drip irrigation water droplets to activate the SCG array, continuously powering the temperature and humidity sensors and communication modules. This enables real-time monitoring and wireless data transmission of the plant root zone environment, facilitating timely intervention in the plant's growth environment. Compared to agricultural sensing systems relying on traditional chemical batteries or solar energy, this solution offers significant advantages in deployment flexibility, continuous energy acquisition, and adaptability to complex environments, demonstrating its broad application potential in smart agriculture and distributed Internet of Things (IoT) systems.

[0097] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement, characterized in that: From top to bottom, the structure consists of: a water droplet, a top electrode, a ferroelectric polarization layer, an active layer, a bottom electrode, and a flexible substrate. The top electrode is a grid-like aluminum-based conductive carbon adhesive, the ferroelectric polarization layer is a grid-like ferroelectric PVDF film, the active layer is an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material, the bottom electrode is a filter paper loaded with hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes / PDEOT:PSS, and the flexible substrate is a PET film. The working mechanism of the flow actuated electro-generator is as follows: when water droplets reach the surface of the device and enter the active layer, water molecules dissociate into H + and OH - ions; under the driving of the built-in electric field enhanced by the dipole effect, H + ions are enriched near the top electrode, while OH - ions migrate downward along the nanochannel and accumulate near the bottom electrode; this process establishes a stable ion concentration gradient across the device, resulting in a sustained voltage and current output.

2. The current-induced electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the ferroelectric PVDF film is 28 μm, 52 μm, or 110 μm.

3. The current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective area of ​​a single power generation device is 1~12.25 cm². 2 .

4. A current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the water droplet is 5~100 μL.

5. A method for preparing an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material, characterized in that: It was prepared by in-situ growth on the surface of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method, including the following steps: S1-1, Hydrothermal reaction: α-Al2O3, terephthalic acid and zirconium chloride are added to N,N-dimethylformamide. After ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring, glacial acetic acid is added and stirring is continued to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is transferred to a high-pressure reactor and placed in an oven to react at 120°C for 24 hours. S1-2, Post-processing: After the reaction is completed, the product is washed three times by centrifugation with ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities; the washed material is dried and ground to obtain a uniform fine powder, thus obtaining the Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material. The Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material was then dispersed in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ultrasonically dispersed, and stirred to obtain a dispersion. Polyvinylidene fluoride powder was then added to the dispersion, heated and stirred, and cooled to obtain a mixed dispersion. The mixed dispersion was then dropped onto the surface of the plasma-treated bottom electrode and spread evenly by a scraping method. It was then dried on a hot plate at 60~80 ℃ to form an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material as the active layer.

6. The method for preparing an Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The molar ratio of Al2O3 to UIO-66 in the Al2O3 / UIO-66 / PVDF porous composite material is 20:1 to 100:

1.

7. A method for preparing a current-induced electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement, characterized in that: The preparation of the current-induced electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of the bottom electrode: Hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added to deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a stable dispersion. Then, a highly conductive PEDOT:PSS solution was added to this dispersion, along with Triton-X100 and dimethyl sulfoxide, to form a mixture. The mixture was stirred at 60–80 °C for 2–3 h to obtain a MWCNT-OH / PEDOT:PSS conductive slurry. The conductive slurry was loaded onto filter paper by vacuum filtration and then dried on a hot plate at 60–80 °C. After drying, it was cut to the required size and adhered to a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate to form the bottom electrode of the device. Step 2: Coating the active layer on the bottom electrode surface: The pre-prepared Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material is dispersed in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ultrasonically dispersed, and then stirred to obtain a dispersion; then polyvinylidene fluoride powder is added to the dispersion, heated and stirred, and cooled to obtain a mixed dispersion; then the mixed dispersion is dropped onto the plasma-treated bottom electrode surface and spread evenly by a scraping method, and then dried on a hot plate at 60~80 ℃ to form an active layer; Step 3: Prepare the top electrode and assemble the device: Use aluminum-based conductive carbon adhesive pre-cut into a grid shape and attached with a grid-shaped ferroelectric PVDF film as the top electrode; place the top electrode on top of the active layer and bond it with a 1~3wt% PVA solution; finally, dry it on a hot plate at 60~80℃ to complete the assembly of the device.

8. The method for preparing a current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step two, the mass ratio of the Al2O3 / UIO-66 composite material to polyvinylidene fluoride powder is 100:1 to 1:

1.

9. A method for preparing a current-driven electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step one, the mass-to-volume ratio of the hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the PEDOT:PSS solution is 1:40 to 1:50; the amount of Triton-X100 added is 1 to 2 wt% of the mixture; and the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide added is 3 to 5 wt% of the mixture.

10. The method for preparing a current-induced electrostatic generator based on dipole effect enhancement according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, the negative dipole direction of the grid-like ferroelectric PVDF film faces the active layer, and the positive dipole direction faces the top electrode.

Images