A phagostimulant composition, method of making and use thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a feeding attractant composition, its preparation method, and its application, relating to the field of aquatic feed attractant technology. By weight, it comprises the following components: 10-30 parts alanine glycine, 10-25 parts trimethylamine oxide, 10-20 parts a complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, 40-80 parts hydrolyzed animal protein base, 5-15 parts krill oil, 1-5 parts dimethyl-β-propionate thiamethoxam, 2-5 parts betaine, and 1-3 parts compound vitamins. This invention, through the combined use of multiple components, not only effectively guides the feeding behavior of mandarin fish but also enhances their digestive and absorptive capacity, alleviates stress behaviors such as ammonia nitrogen stress, and ensures the physiological homeostasis and appetite of mandarin fish.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic feed attractant technology, and in particular to a feeding attractant composition, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Mandarin fish is a unique and valuable freshwater economic fish species in my country, prized for its delicious flesh and highly favored by consumers. However, mandarin fish are naturally carnivorous, primarily feeding on live fish and shrimp in the wild, and exhibit a strong aversion to artificial formulated feeds. This characteristic leads to a heavy reliance on live bait fish in mandarin fish farming, resulting in a series of problems such as high farming costs, significant disease transmission risks, and severe water pollution.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally uses feed acclimatization techniques to induce mandarin fish to accept artificial feed. The mainstream method is to add a single type of attractant to the feed, such as certain free amino acids, single nucleotides, betaine, or basic hydrolyzed animal proteins. Although these substances have a certain attractant effect, their mechanism of action is singular, and the flavor signal intensity is insufficient, failing to accurately simulate the complex chemical signals formed by the synergistic effect of multiple flavor substances in live bait. More importantly, this single-component stimulation is often not sustained or comprehensive enough, easily leading to a strong stress response in mandarin fish during the acclimatization process. This manifests as hesitant feeding, slow growth, and low feed conversion rate, ultimately resulting in unsatisfactory weight gain and poor body uniformity in acclimatized mandarin fish, severely restricting the widespread application of compound feed for mandarin fish.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a compound attractant that can efficiently simulate the flavor signals of mandarin fish's natural live bait and stimulate its feeding behavior through multi-level and multi-target synergistic stimulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a feeding-inducing factor composition, its preparation method, and its application. Through the combined use of alanylglycine, trimethylamine oxide, IMP / GMP complex, DMPT, betaine, etc., it not only generates a greatly amplified "umami" signal by acting on the olfactory and gustatory receptors of mandarin fish, effectively guiding its feeding behavior; but also addresses the physiological level. Specific dipeptides and krill oil components help improve intestinal health and fat metabolism, thereby significantly enhancing the digestive and absorptive capacity of mandarin fish. Furthermore, the functional components in the formula can effectively regulate the body's stress level, alleviating the negative effects of stress behaviors such as ammonia nitrogen stress commonly found in intensive aquaculture, thus fundamentally ensuring the physiological homeostasis and appetite of mandarin fish.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a feeding-enhancing factor composition comprising the following components: 10-30 parts of alanine glycine, 10-25 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 10-20 parts of a complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, 40-80 parts of hydrolyzed animal protein base, 5-15 parts of krill oil, 1-5 parts of dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin, 2-5 parts of betaine, and 1-3 parts of complex vitamins.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, in the complex of 5'-inosinate disodium and 5'-guanylate disodium, the mass ratio of 5'-inosinate disodium to 5'-guanylate disodium is 1:(1-2).

[0008] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, the hydrolyzed animal protein substrate is a solid powder of hydrolyzed squid viscera.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, taking the mass of the compound vitamins as 100%, the compound vitamins include: Vitamin A 1.4-1.8%, Vitamin D3 0.2-0.5%, Vitamin E 18-22%, Vitamin K3 1.4-2%, Vitamin B1 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B2 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B6 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B... 12 0.8-1.2%, nicotinic acid 8-9%, pantothenic acid 3-5%, folic acid 0.2-0.6%, and zeolite powder carrier 50-60%.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the appetite-stimulating factor composition as described above, comprising the following steps: S1: Pretreatment: The hydrolyzed animal protein base and complex vitamins are pulverized to obtain a mixed powder; then the krill oil is heated to reduce its viscosity. S2: Part of the mixed powder is first mixed with thiophene dimethyl-β-propionate and betaine to obtain the first material; S3: The remaining mixed powder, alanylglycine, the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, and trimethylamine oxide are mixed a second time to obtain the second material; S4: The first material and the second material are mixed in a third way, and the preheated krill oil is sprayed onto the first material and the second material being mixed in the form of a spray to obtain the third material; after the third material is dried, the feeding stimulant composition is obtained.

[0011] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, the pulverization mentioned in the pretreatment refers to pulverizing the hydrolyzed animal protein base and compound vitamins in a pulverizer at a speed of 2000-3000 rpm, using an intermittent pulverization method, with each pulverization time not exceeding 30 seconds and an interval of 1 minute; And / or, heat the krill oil in a water bath at 35-40°C for 15-20 minutes.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, in step S2, the percentage of the mixed powder in the total mass of the mixed powder is 25-35%.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, in step S2, the rotation speed of the first mixing is 50-100 rpm, and the mixing time is 15-20 min; And / or, in step S3, the second mixing speed is 10-15 rpm and the mixing time is 10-15 min; And / or, in step S4, the rotation speed of the third mixing is 10-15 rpm, and the mixing time is 30-60 min; And / or, in step S4, the drying temperature is 40-45℃, the vacuum degree is -0.08~-0.1MPa, and the drying time is about 3-5h.

[0014] The present invention also provides an application of the feeding attractant composition as described above or the feeding attractant composition prepared by the method described above, wherein the feeding attractant composition is used in mandarin fish feed.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, the amount of the attractant composition added to the mandarin fish feed is 1%-3% of the total mass of the mandarin fish feed.

[0016] The present invention provides an appetite-stimulating factor composition, its preparation method, and its application, the beneficial effects of which include at least the following: 1. This invention is not a simple combination of single appetite-stimulating ingredients, but rather a compound use of alanylglycine, trimethylamine oxide, IMP / GMP complex, DMPT, betaine, etc. It can not only generate a greatly amplified "umami" signal by acting on the olfactory and gustatory receptors of mandarin fish, effectively guiding its feeding behavior; but also works at the physiological level. Specific dipeptides and krill oil help improve intestinal health and fat metabolism, thereby significantly improving the digestive and absorptive capacity of mandarin fish. In addition, the functional ingredients in the formula can effectively regulate the body's stress level and alleviate the negative effects of stress behaviors such as ammonia nitrogen stress commonly found in intensive aquaculture, thus fundamentally ensuring the physiological homeostasis and appetite of mandarin fish.

[0017] 2. The palatability-enhancing factor composition provided by this invention can be directly mixed into compound feed. The process is simple and does not require any changes to the existing feed production process. Moreover, the recommended dosage is extremely low, accounting for only 1%-3% of the total feed weight, which can significantly improve palatability, increase feeding speed, and reduce feed waste. It can be widely promoted and applied in large feed mills and farms. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the invention and should not be considered as specific limitations thereof. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Process parameters not specifically specified in the following embodiments are generally performed under conventional conditions.

[0019] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this invention.

[0020] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a palatability-enhancing factor composition is provided, comprising, by weight parts: 10-30 parts alanine glycine, 10-25 parts trimethylamine oxide, 10-20 parts a complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, 40-80 parts hydrolyzed animal protein base, 5-15 parts krill oil, 1-5 parts dimethyl-β-propionate thiamethoxam, 2-5 parts betaine, and 1-3 parts complex vitamins.

[0021] Specifically, the mouth, taste buds, and gills of mandarin fish are rich in phosphatases. These enzymes can specifically act on exogenous flavor enhancers 5'-inosinate disodium (IMP) and 5'-guanylate disodium (GMP), catalyzing the hydrolysis of their 5'-phosphate groups: IMP is converted into inosine, and GMP is converted into guanosine. The taste bud cells of mandarin fish contain chemoreceptors that can specifically recognize inosine and guanosine. The sensitivity of its taste system to these hydrolysates is much higher than that of their phosphorylated precursors (IMP and GMP). When inosine and guanosine bind to these taste receptors, they trigger strong activation of the receptors, thereby transmitting a very clear "delicious, palatable" chemical signal to the central nervous system. This signal ultimately triggers the mandarin fish's inherent swallowing and feeding reflex, significantly promoting its feeding behavior.

[0022] Furthermore, the alanylglycine used in this invention, as a stable dipeptide, exhibits multiple positive effects in promoting feeding and growth of mandarin fish: (1) When alanylglycine enters the mouth of mandarin fish, it can be hydrolyzed to release alanine and glycine. Both of these amino acids are highly effective attractants and can be directly recognized by the specific chemoreceptors in the taste buds of mandarin fish. This allows alanylglycine to produce an excellent flavor synergy with the 5'-inosinate disodium (IMP) and 5'-guanylate disodium (GMP) added to the feed, enhancing and amplifying the overall "delicious" signal, thereby triggering a strong feeding signal and directly stimulating its swallowing and feeding behavior; (2) In addition to the direct taste temptation, alanylglycine, compared with free amino acids, is more easily absorbed and utilized by mandarin fish through the intestinal mucosa in its dipeptide form. This not only provides the body with a fast and efficient source of energy and protein to support its growth and development, but also indirectly ensures a strong appetite from a nutritional perspective. (3) In intensive aquaculture, ammonia nitrogen stress is the main factor that inhibits fish growth and induces oxidative stress. Alanylglycine can help mandarin fish maintain better physiological homeostasis, effectively alleviate growth inhibition and tissue oxidative damage caused by ammonia nitrogen stress, thereby helping mandarin fish maintain a relatively normal appetite and feeding motivation in unfavorable water environments, and ensuring the stability of aquaculture.

[0023] Furthermore, this invention employs a combination of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin (DMPT). DMPT, with its strong sulfurous odor, effectively stimulates the olfactory sense of mandarin fish, attracting them from a distance to the vicinity of the feed. TMAO, through its unique seafood umami flavor, directly acts on the taste buds in the oral cavity, stimulating swallowing behavior. The two are functionally complementary, achieving full coverage from attraction to feeding. Moreover, the umami flavor of TMAO, combined with the strong umami flavor of inosine / guanosine produced by the hydrolysis of IMP / GMP, and the sweet umami flavor of glycine released from alanylglycine, further enhances the signal amplification effect in the taste perception of mandarin fish. In addition, DMPT also has a deep physiological effect of promoting growth hormone secretion, while TMAO provides cell protection. The two, together with the anti-stress function of alanylglycine, mutually enhance each other, helping mandarin fish maintain a healthy state and a strong appetite.

[0024] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in the complex of 5'-inosinate disodium and 5'-guanylate disodium, the mass ratio of 5'-inosinate disodium to 5'-guanylate disodium is 1:(1-2), preferably 1:2.

[0025] Specifically, this invention limits the mass ratio of IMP to GMP to 1:(1-2). When the mass ratio is 1:2, the binding with umami receptors is most efficient, producing the strongest umami signal amplification effect. When the IMP ratio is too high (e.g., >1:1, such as 2:1), GMP is "diluted" by the relatively excessive IMP, failing to form the most effective intermolecular interactions, resulting in a significant decrease in overall umami flavor. It becomes more focused on the singularity of IMP, lacking the richness and fullness brought by GMP, thus reducing the "quality" of the palatability signal. When the GMP ratio is too high (e.g., >1:2, such as 1:3 or higher), the contribution to the overall flavor effect is negligible, but the formulation cost increases sharply due to the high cost of GMP.

[0026] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the hydrolyzed animal protein substrate is a solid powder of hydrolyzed squid viscera.

[0027] Specifically, since single plant proteins or fishmeal cannot provide a sustained release of complex flavors, this invention uses squid viscera hydrolysate as the protein base. This protein is rich in small molecule peptides, amino acids, and sulfur-containing compounds, offering a rich flavor that is highly compatible with the natural feeding habits of mandarin fish. Simultaneously, krill oil is introduced. Krill oil not only contains abundant phospholipid-type Omega-3 (easily absorbed), but more importantly, it is rich in astaxanthin and natural shrimp flavor substances. These fat-soluble flavor molecules, through physical emulsification and encapsulation with the water-soluble flavor substances of the squid hydrolysate, form a "gradient slow-release flavor field" after the feed is introduced into the water: water-soluble components rapidly diffuse to attract fish, while fat-soluble components adhere to the feed particles, providing a lasting appeal. This "fast-slow combination, water-lipid synergy" release mode greatly extends the effective feeding time.

[0028] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the solid powder of squid viscera hydrolysate includes the following steps: (1) Thaw fresh or frozen squid viscera, clean them thoroughly, and then crush them. (2) The crushed squid viscera were steamed at 100°C for 12-18 minutes to obtain squid viscera slurry; (3) Add trypsin to the squid viscera slurry to carry out enzymatic hydrolysis and obtain hydrolyzed slurry; (4) The hydrolysate is filtered and spray-dried in sequence to obtain solid powder of squid viscera hydrolysate.

[0029] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the amount of trypsin added is 0.2-0.5% of the mass of squid viscera slurry.

[0030] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction include: pH 7-8, temperature 35-45℃, and time 3-4h; After the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is complete, the hydrolysate needs to be heated to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme.

[0031] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the spray drying is performed by spray drying the filtrate obtained after filtration at an inlet temperature of 160-170°C and an outlet temperature of 70-80°C to obtain a solid powder.

[0032] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the compound vitamins, based on their mass percentage, comprise: Vitamin A 1.4-1.8%, Vitamin D3 0.2-0.5%, Vitamin E 18-22%, Vitamin K3 1.4-2%, Vitamin B1 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B2 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B6 0.8-1.2%, and Vitamin B... 12 0.8-1.2%, nicotinic acid 8-9%, pantothenic acid 3-5%, folic acid 0.2-0.6%, and zeolite powder carrier 50-60%.

[0033] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the appetite-stimulating factor composition as described above is provided, comprising the following steps: S1: Pretreatment: The hydrolyzed animal protein base and compound vitamins are crushed to obtain a mixed powder; then the krill oil is heated to reduce its viscosity, making it easier to disperse evenly in subsequent mixing and avoiding the formation of oil spots due to low-temperature solidification. S2: Part of the mixed powder is first mixed with thiophene dimethyl-β-propionate and betaine to obtain the first material; S3: The remaining mixed powder, alanylglycine, the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, and trimethylamine oxide are mixed a second time to obtain the second material; S4: The first material and the second material are mixed in a third way, and the preheated krill oil is sprayed onto the first material and the second material being mixed in the form of a spray to obtain the third material; after the third material is dried, the feeding stimulant composition is obtained.

[0034] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the pulverization in the pretreatment refers to pulverizing the hydrolyzed animal protein base and the complex vitamins in a pulverizer at a speed of 2000-3000 rpm, using an intermittent pulverization method to prevent the pulverizer temperature from overheating and affecting the hydrolyzed animal protein base and the complex vitamins. Each pulverization time does not exceed 30 seconds, with an interval of 1 minute. Heat the krill oil in a water bath at 35-40℃ for 15-20 minutes.

[0035] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the percentage of the mixed powder to the total mass of the mixed powder is 25-35% (e.g., 27%, 30%, 32%, 34%, etc.).

[0036] Specifically, by pre-mixing dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene and betaine with a portion of the mixed powder, the aim is to ensure that trace amounts of the potent ingredients (especially DMPT) are evenly dispersed in a large amount of carrier, preventing local concentrations from being too high or too low.

[0037] By pre-mixing dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin (DMPT) and betaine with partially hydrolyzed animal protein base powders, the aim is to solve the technical challenge of uniformly dispersing trace amounts of potent ingredients in a large volume of carriers using the classic mixing principle of "equal incremental addition." DMPT, in particular, although added in extremely low amounts (1-5 parts) to the formulation, exhibits a significant concentration-dependent feeding-inducing effect. If directly added to the total mixture, it is highly susceptible to uneven dispersion due to electrostatic adsorption and particle aggregation. This can result in excessively high local concentrations, potentially inhibiting feeding in mandarin fish, or excessively low local concentrations, creating "flavor blind spots" that fail to provide effective feeding stimulation.

[0038] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the rotation speed of the first mixing is 50-100 rpm (e.g., 60 rpm, 80 rpm, 90 rpm, etc.), and the mixing time is 15-20 min (e.g., 11 min, 12 min, 13 min, 14 min, etc.). In step S3, the rotation speed of the second mixing is 10-15 rpm (e.g., 11 rpm, 13 rpm, 14 rpm, etc.), and the mixing time is 10-15 min (e.g., 11 min, 12 min, 13 min, 14 min, etc.). In step S4, the rotation speed of the third mixing is 10-15 rpm (e.g., 11 rpm, 13 rpm, 14 rpm, etc.), and the mixing time is 30-60 min (e.g., 35 min, 40 min, 50 min, 55 min, etc.) until the third material after spraying krill oil appears uniformly moist and loose, and then the mixing is stopped.

[0039] Specifically, the third mixing process, under gentle shear force, ensures thorough and uniform mixing of all solid powder components, while also preventing heat accumulation and material stratification.

[0040] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of the spray gun containing krill oil is 0.2-0.4 MPa and the atomization angle is ≥60°; the spray method enables the krill oil to be coated on the surface of solid particles in the form of tiny droplets, achieving perfect liquid-solid fusion.

[0041] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the drying temperature is 40-45℃, the vacuum degree is -0.08~-0.1MPa, and the drying time is about 3-5 hours. Low-temperature drying aims to remove moisture introduced during processing, prevent product mold growth, and maximize the protection of the bioactivity of heat-sensitive components (such as nucleotides and vitamins). After drying, the product is passed through a 20-mesh sieve using a slight granulator to obtain a final product of uniform size.

[0042] According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided an application of the feeding attractant composition as described above, said feeding attractant composition being used in mandarin fish feed.

[0043] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the attractant composition added to the mandarin fish feed is 1%-3% of the total mass of the mandarin fish feed.

[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available products.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This embodiment provides a feeding-enhancing factor composition, which, by mass parts, comprises the following components: 25 parts alanine glycine, 20 parts trimethylamine oxide, 20 parts a complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate (the mass ratio of disodium 5'-inosinate to disodium 5'-guanylate is 1:2), 75 parts hydrolyzed animal protein base (squid viscera hydrolysate solid powder), 10 parts krill oil, 2 parts dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin, 2 parts betaine, and 2 parts compound vitamins.

[0047] The preparation method of solid powder from squid viscera hydrolysate includes the following steps: (1) Thaw fresh or frozen squid viscera, clean them thoroughly, and then crush them. (2) The crushed squid viscera were steamed at 100°C for 12-18 minutes to obtain squid viscera slurry; (3) Add trypsin to the squid viscera slurry (the amount of trypsin added is 0.3% of the mass of the squid viscera slurry), and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction for 4 hours at pH 8 and temperature 43℃ to obtain hydrolyzed slurry; then heat the hydrolyzed slurry to 100℃ and maintain it for 10 minutes. (4) The hydrolysate is filtered and spray-dried sequentially (inlet temperature is 170℃, outlet temperature is 80℃) to obtain solid powder of squid viscera hydrolysate.

[0048] The multivitamin complex comprises, by weight, 1.5% vitamin A, 0.3% vitamin D3, 20% vitamin E, 1.5% vitamin K3, 1% vitamin B1, 1% vitamin B2, 1% vitamin B6, and 1% vitamin B2. 12 1%, niacin 9%, pantothenic acid 4%, folic acid 0.5% and zeolite powder carrier 59.2%.

[0049] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the appetite-stimulating factor composition as described above, comprising the following steps: S1: Pretreatment: The hydrolyzed animal protein base and compound vitamins are pulverized in a pulverizer at a speed of 2000 rpm. The pulverization is done intermittently, with each pulverization time not exceeding 30 seconds and an interval of 1 minute, to obtain a mixed powder. The krill oil is then heated in a water bath at 40°C for 15 minutes. S2: A portion of the mixed powder (35% of the total mass of the mixed powder) is mixed with dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene and betaine at a speed of 80 rpm for 15 min to obtain the first material; S3: The remaining mixed powder, alanylglycine, the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, and trimethylamine oxide are mixed for 15 minutes at a speed of 10 rpm to obtain the second material. S4: The first and second materials are mixed for 40 minutes at a speed of 15 rpm. At the same time, the preheated krill oil is sprayed onto the first and second materials being mixed in the form of a spray gun (pressure of 0.4 MPa and atomization angle of 75°) to obtain the third material. The third material is dried at a temperature of 45°C and a vacuum degree of -0.1 MPa for 4 hours to obtain the feeding stimulant composition.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment provides a feeding-enhancing factor composition, which, by mass parts, includes the following components: 30 parts alanine glycine, 25 parts trimethylamine oxide, 15 parts a complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate (the mass ratio of disodium 5'-inosinate to disodium 5'-guanylate is 1:1), 80 parts hydrolyzed animal protein base (squid viscera hydrolysate solid powder), 13 parts krill oil, 3 parts dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin, 3 parts betaine, and 3 parts compound vitamins.

[0052] The preparation method of solid powder from squid viscera hydrolysate includes the following steps: (1) Thaw fresh or frozen squid viscera, clean them thoroughly, and then crush them. (2) The crushed squid viscera were steamed at 100°C for 12-18 minutes to obtain squid viscera slurry; (3) Add trypsin to the squid viscera slurry (the amount of trypsin added is 0.3% of the mass of the squid viscera slurry), and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction for 4 hours at pH 8 and temperature 43℃ to obtain hydrolyzed slurry; then heat the hydrolyzed slurry to 100℃ and maintain it for 10 minutes. (4) The hydrolysate is filtered and spray-dried sequentially (inlet temperature is 170℃, outlet temperature is 80℃) to obtain solid powder of squid viscera hydrolysate.

[0053] The multivitamin complex comprises, by weight (in percentage), vitamin A 1.5%, vitamin D3 0.3%, vitamin E 20%, vitamin K3 1.5%, vitamin B1 1%, vitamin B2 1%, vitamin B6 1%, and vitamin B1 1%. 12 1%, niacin 9%, pantothenic acid 4%, folic acid 0.5% and zeolite powder carrier 59.2%.

[0054] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the appetite-stimulating factor composition as described above, comprising the following steps: S1: Pretreatment: The hydrolyzed animal protein base and compound vitamins are pulverized in a pulverizer at a speed of 2000 rpm. The pulverization is done intermittently, with each pulverization time not exceeding 30 seconds and an interval of 1 minute, to obtain a mixed powder. The krill oil is then heated in a water bath at 40°C for 15 minutes. S2: A portion of the mixed powder (30% of the total mass of the mixed powder) is mixed with dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene and betaine at a speed of 100 rpm for 15 min to obtain the first material; S3: The remaining mixed powder, alanylglycine, the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, and trimethylamine oxide are mixed for 20 minutes at a speed of 15 rpm to obtain the second material; S4: The first and second materials are mixed for 50 minutes at a speed of 15 rpm. At the same time, the preheated krill oil is sprayed onto the first and second materials being mixed in the form of a spray gun (pressure of 0.4 MPa and atomization angle of 75°) to obtain the third material. The third material is dried at a temperature of 45°C and a vacuum degree of -0.1 MPa for 4 hours to obtain the feeding stimulant composition.

[0055] Comparative Example 1 The main difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that alanine (12 parts) and glycine (13 parts) are replaced with alanine. All other steps and technical parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 2 The main difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that step S2 is omitted. Specifically: The mixed powder obtained in step S1, dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene, betaine, alanylglycine, the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, and trimethylamine oxide were mixed at 10 rpm for 15 min to obtain a mixture. The mixture was then continued to be mixed at 15 rpm for 40 min, while preheated krill oil was sprayed onto the mixed material in the form of a spray gun (spray gun pressure of 0.4 MPa and atomization angle of 75°). Finally, the mixture was dried at 45°C and a vacuum of -0.1 MPa for 4 h to obtain the feeding stimulant composition.

[0057] Comparative Example 3 The main difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that alanylglycine is not added; the remaining steps and technical parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 4 The main difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin is not added; the remaining steps and technical parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Performance testing Performance testing methods: The attractants for mandarin fish feed obtained in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were added to the basic feed (the basic feed included 65g corn, 20g rye bran, 25g rapeseed meal, 8g chironomid larvae powder, 10g small crucian carp powder, 10g loach powder, 12g whitebait powder, 8g snail powder, 8g dried sphagnum moss powder, 5g meat and bone meal, 8g radish greens, 1g rhubarb, 1g soapberry, 2g gentian, and 1g salt). The amount of attractant composition added was 3% of the weight of the basic feed. A total of 6 groups of experimental feeds were obtained in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4. At the start of the experiment, healthy mandarin fish of uniform size (50±3g) were randomly grouped and stocked in seven fiberglass tanks (water volume: 1000L) in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system at a stocking density of 100 fish / tank. The seven tanks were fed with experimental feeds (Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-4, and a basal feed without attractants), respectively, twice daily (once at 08:00 AM and once at 18:00 PM), with the same total feed weight added to each tank daily. Aerated tap water was used for the experiment. One-fifth of the total water volume was replaced daily in each fiberglass tank. The water temperature was 25-30℃, and the pH was 6-7.6. One hour before each feeding, feces were siphoned off from the bottom of the tanks. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The results were averaged and are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Results data Table 1

[0061] Survival rate = (Number of surviving mandarin fish / 100 (i.e., the initial total number of mandarin fish) × 100%; Feed intake rate = (total weight of feed consumed / total weight of mandarin fish per bucket) × 100%, where the total weight of feed consumed is the actual weight of feed eaten. If there is any uneaten feed, the weight of the uneaten feed needs to be subtracted. Feed conversion ratio = (total weight gain per bucket of mandarin fish / total weight of feed added per bucket of mandarin fish) × 100%. The smaller the feed conversion ratio, the lower the breeding cost. Weight gain rate = (Total weight of each barrel of mandarin fish after 8 weeks of experiment - Initial total weight of each barrel of mandarin fish before experiment) / Initial total weight of each barrel of mandarin fish before experiment × 100%.

[0062] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 had a lower feeding rate because alanine and glycine were added to the feeding factor composition in Comparative Example 1. Since the two amino acids were added in free form, the alanine-glycine in Example 1, which was in the form of dipeptide, was poorly absorbed by mandarin fish.

[0063] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2, because all components of the palatability factor composition were mixed together, resulted in uneven dispersion of dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene and betaine in the palatability factor composition, which affected the palatability of some feeds.

[0064] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 did not contain alanylglycine, which not only reduced the feeding signal in the feeding factor composition, but also caused a stress response in the mandarin fish, resulting in a significant decrease in the feeding rate in Comparative Example 3.

[0065] Dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene can increase the growth rate and metabolic level of mandarin fish, thereby making them more eager to feed to meet their energy and material needs. As shown in Table 1, since dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene was not added in Comparative Example 4, not only was the feeding signal in the attractant composition reduced, but the growth rate and metabolic level of the mandarin fish were also decreased. The synergistic effect between dimethyl-β-propionate thiophene, alanylglycine, and trimethylamine oxide was weakened, resulting in unsatisfactory domestication results for the mandarin fish in Comparative Example 4.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition of appetite-stimulating factors, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 10-30 parts alanine glycine, 10-25 parts trimethylamine oxide, 10-20 parts a complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, 40-80 parts hydrolyzed animal protein base, 5-15 parts krill oil, 1-5 parts dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin, 2-5 parts betaine, and 1-3 parts complex vitamins; In the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, the mass ratio of disodium 5'-inosinate to disodium 5'-guanylate is 1:

2. The method for preparing the appetite-stimulating factor composition includes the following steps: S1: Pretreatment: The hydrolyzed animal protein base and complex vitamins are pulverized to obtain a mixed powder; then the krill oil is heated to reduce its viscosity. S2: Part of the mixed powder is first mixed with thiophene dimethyl-β-propionate and betaine to obtain the first material; S3: The remaining mixed powder, alanylglycine, the complex of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5'-guanylate, and trimethylamine oxide are mixed a second time to obtain the second material; S4: The first material and the second material are mixed in a third way, and the preheated krill oil is sprayed onto the first material and the second material being mixed in the form of a spray to obtain the third material; after the third material is dried, the feeding stimulant composition is obtained.

2. The appetite-stimulating agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrolyzed animal protein base is a solid powder of hydrolyzed squid viscera.

3. The appetite-stimulating agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multivitamin complex, by weight, comprises: Vitamin A 1.4-1.8%, Vitamin D3 0.2-0.5%, Vitamin E 18-22%, Vitamin K3 1.4-2%, Vitamin B1 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B2 0.8-1.2%, Vitamin B6 0.8-1.2%, and Vitamin B2... 12 0.8-1.2%, nicotinic acid 8-9%, pantothenic acid 3-5%, folic acid 0.2-0.6%, and zeolite powder carrier 50-60%.

4. The appetite-stimulating agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulverization mentioned in the pretreatment refers to pulverizing the hydrolyzed animal protein base and complex vitamins in a pulverizer at a speed of 2000-3000 rpm, using an intermittent pulverization method, with each pulverization time not exceeding 30 seconds and an interval of 1 minute; And / or, heat the krill oil in a water bath at 35-40°C for 15-20 minutes.

5. The appetite-stimulating agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the percentage of the mixed powder to the total mass of the mixed powder is 25-35%.

6. The appetite-stimulating agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the rotation speed of the first mixing is 50-100 rpm, and the mixing time is 15-20 min; And / or, in step S3, the second mixing speed is 10-15 rpm and the mixing time is 10-15 min; And / or, in step S4, the rotation speed of the third mixing is 10-15 rpm, and the mixing time is 30-60 min; And / or, in step S4, the drying temperature is 40-45℃, the vacuum degree is -0.08~-0.1MPa, and the drying time is 3-5h.

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