A self-adapting fixture clamp and method for precise brazing of multiple parts of a vacuum interrupter

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber multi-part precision brazing self-adapting tool clamps and methods, belong to vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber manufacturing technical field. Including support plate, movable pipe core, self-adapting screw assembly, three-dimensional centering fixed plate, gradient heat-resistant elastic assembly, pressure transmission washer and scale adjusting nut. Support plate and movable pipe core contact surface are equipped with detachable micro-tooth shape structure, three-dimensional centering fixed plate is built-in ceramic base elastic bushing, screw self-centering is realized, and integrated directional flow channel is used for inert gas protection weld area;Gradient heat-resistant elastic assembly adopts dual-phase composite structure and is coated with Al-Si-Y anti-creep coating, can be stable compensation weld gap under 800-900°C;The pre-compression amount is accurately controlled by scale adjusting nut, and the adjustment accuracy reaches 0.05mm. The tool realizes high-precision positioning, dynamic gap compensation, multi-field collaborative protection and multi-specification adaptation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vacuum interrupter manufacturing technology, specifically to an adaptive tooling fixture and method for precise brazing of multiple parts of a vacuum interrupter. Background Technology

[0002] As a key switching device in medium- and high-voltage power systems, the core performance of vacuum interrupters depends on the high-temperature brazing quality of multiple internal components, including the moving core, shielding cover, and contacts. Traditional brazing processes often employ rigid clamps with spring-loaded clamping structures to fix the components and maintain the weld gap, using external inert gas protection to prevent oxidation. A typical fixture consists of a support plate, screw assembly, fixed pressure plate, and preload spring, with the clamping force controlled manually by adjusting the nut. This type of device is suitable for mass production of specific specifications. However, in practical applications, such devices generally suffer from insufficient positioning accuracy, weak thermal deformation compensation capability, and limited protective effect.

[0003] In existing technologies, due to the lack of an effective compensation mechanism for the difference in thermal expansion of materials at high temperatures, traditional springs are prone to creep above 800°C, leading to elastic decay and an inability to dynamically respond to changes in weld gaps. Parts are positioned only by the clearance fit between the screw and the through hole, and radial offset often exceeds 0.05mm, causing welding misalignment. The low fit between the tooling and the part contact surface exacerbates thermal deformation instability due to localized stress concentration. At the same time, the lack of directional gas flow design in the weld area results in uneven coverage of the protective atmosphere, making it difficult to stably control the oxygen content below 50ppm. In addition, the tooling has poor versatility, and changing specifications requires overall reconstruction, which seriously affects production flexibility and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive tooling fixture and method for precise brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter, which can solve the technical problems of low weld gap compensation accuracy, large part positioning deviation, poor thermal deformation control, and insufficient versatility of traditional brazing tooling.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: This application provides an adaptive tooling fixture for precise brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter, including a support plate; a moving core and a three-dimensional centering plate are fixedly connected to the support plate, the three-dimensional centering plate being located above the moving core, and the contact surface between the support plate and the moving core is detachably provided with a micro-toothed fitting structure, and the three-dimensional centering plate integrates a directional flow channel; the support plate is provided with a modular connection interface, and an adaptive screw assembly is detachably fixedly connected to the modular connection interface, the adaptive screw assembly passing through the self-centering hole of the three-dimensional centering plate, the self-centering hole being provided with a ceramic-based elastic bushing; a gradient heat-resistant elastic component, a pressure transmission washer, and a scale adjustment nut are sequentially fitted on the end of the adaptive screw assembly near the three-dimensional centering plate, the pressure transmission washer and the scale adjustment nut cooperating to achieve pre-compression adjustment.

[0006] In one optional embodiment, the tooth height of the micro-toothed bonding structure is 0.15-0.25 mm, the tooth pitch is 1.2-1.8 mm, and the tooth surface is plasma nitrided.

[0007] In one optional embodiment, the directional flow channel extends through the thickness direction of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate, the inner diameter of the directional flow channel is 0.9-1.1mm, the inlet end of the directional flow channel is provided with a conical air guide, and the outlet end of the directional flow channel faces the weld area.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the ceramic-based elastic bushing is made of multiphase ceramic material, and the inner hole of the ceramic-based elastic bushing has a conical structure, with an elastic groove provided on the inner wall of the conical structure.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the gradient heat-resistant elastic component is a two-phase composite structure, comprising a core anti-creep layer and an outer elastic reinforcement layer, wherein the surface of the outer elastic reinforcement layer is coated with an Al-Si-Y anti-creep coating.

[0010] In one alternative embodiment, the adaptive screw assembly includes a core screw with an elastic limiting ring mounted on it. The outer surface of the core screw is coated with a titanium aluminum nitride coating, and the elastic limiting ring is made of a high-temperature resistant polyimide composite material.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the scale adjustment nut includes a nut base with scale markings on its outer peripheral surface and trapezoidal internal threads machined in the inner bore area of ​​the nut base. Each scale mark matches the pitch design of the trapezoidal internal threads, and each scale mark corresponds to a pre-compression adjustment of 0.05 mm.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the two ends of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component are tightly fitted to a three-dimensional centering fixing plate and a pressure transmission washer, respectively, and the pre-compression amount is controlled by adjusting the tightness of the scale-adjusting nut.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, a method for using a precision brazing adaptive tooling fixture for multiple parts of a vacuum interrupter as described in any of the preceding claims includes the following steps: The adaptive screw assembly is detachably and fixedly connected to the support plate via a modular connection interface on the support plate, allowing the adaptive screw assembly to pass through the self-centering hole of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate, with the ceramic-based elastic bushing in the self-centering hole fitting the adaptive screw assembly; a gradient heat-resistant elastic component, a pressure transmission washer, and a scale adjustment nut are sequentially fitted onto the end of the adaptive screw assembly near the three-dimensional centering fixing plate; the gradient heat-resistant elastic component is pre-compressed and adjusted through the cooperation of the pressure transmission washer and the scale adjustment nut, while the moving core is fixedly connected to the support plate using the micro-toothed contact structure of the contact surface between the support plate and the moving core, with the three-dimensional centering fixing plate positioned above the moving core; the brazing operation of multiple parts of the vacuum interrupter is completed using the directional flow channel integrated inside the three-dimensional centering fixing plate.

[0014] In one optional embodiment, the scale markings on the outer circumferential surface of the scale adjustment nut engage with the trapezoidal internal thread of the inner hole of the nut base. The scale adjustment nut is tightened according to the standard that each scale mark corresponds to a pre-compression amount of 0.05mm to control the pre-compression amount of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component. The two ends of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component are respectively tightly fitted to the three-dimensional centering fixing plate and the pressure transmission washer.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This application provides an adaptive tooling fixture for precise brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter. It achieves automatic screw centering through the conical surface and elastic groove structure of a ceramic-based elastic bushing, controlling part positioning accuracy within ±0.02mm and solving the welding misalignment problem caused by assembly deviations. The use of gradient heat-resistant elastic components maintains stable elastic performance at high temperatures of 800-900°C, dynamically compensating for weld gap changes and improving compensation accuracy by over 40%, thus avoiding the risk of weld detachment. The micro-toothed bonding structure combined with plasma nitriding treatment significantly enhances contact surface stability and heat conduction uniformity, suppressing high-temperature slippage. A directional flow channel guides inert gas to form a local positive pressure protective atmosphere, ensuring an oxygen content ≤50ppm and significantly reducing oxidation defects. The modular design supports rapid changeover, adapting to moving cores of φ50-φ200mm specifications, increasing production flexibility by 50% and effectively improving welding quality consistency and process reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive tooling fixture structure for precise brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram, 1 - moving core, 2 - support plate, 3 - adaptive screw assembly, 4 - three-dimensional centering fixing plate, 5 - gradient heat-resistant elastic component, 6 - pressure transmission washer, and 7 - scale adjustment nut. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0024] In the manufacturing process of vacuum interrupters, the multi-part brazing process places extremely high demands on the positioning accuracy, thermal deformation control, and environmental adaptability of the tooling fixtures. Traditional brazing fixtures generally suffer from excessive structural rigidity and a lack of dynamic compensation mechanisms, making it difficult to effectively cope with weld gap changes caused by differences in material thermal expansion under high-temperature conditions. This can easily lead to insufficient welding or stress concentration. Furthermore, conventional fixtures have poor versatility, making it difficult to adapt to the assembly requirements of moving cores of different specifications. They also lack effective gas protection channel design, making the weld area prone to oxidation, affecting joint strength and sealing performance. In addition, the screw assembly and fixing plate in existing tooling are mostly rigidly fitted, unable to automatically correct installation deviations, leading to difficulties in part centering and further exacerbating the risk of misalignment during welding. These problems collectively restrict the consistency and reliability of brazing quality in vacuum interrupters.

[0025] See Figure 1 This application proposes an adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts of a vacuum interrupter, including a support plate 2; a moving core 1 and a three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 are fixedly connected on the support plate 2, the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 is located above the moving core 1, the contact surface between the support plate 2 and the moving core 1 is detachably provided with a micro-toothed fitting structure, and the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 integrates a directional flow channel inside; The support plate 2 is provided with a modular connection interface, and an adaptive screw assembly 3 is detachably and fixedly connected to the modular connection interface. The adaptive screw assembly 3 passes through the self-centering hole of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4, and a ceramic-based elastic bushing is provided in the self-centering hole. The adaptive screw assembly 3 is fitted with a gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5, a pressure transmission washer 6 and a scale adjustment nut 7 at one end near the three-dimensional centering plate 4. The pressure transmission washer 6 and the scale adjustment nut 7 work together to achieve pre-compression adjustment.

[0026] In this embodiment, the support plate 2 can be made of high-strength stainless steel or nickel-based high-temperature alloy to ensure sufficient structural rigidity and dimensional stability within the brazing temperature range of 800–900°C. The support plate 2 is equipped with a modular connection interface, which can be a standardized threaded hole array, a slot structure, or a quick-change flange interface, allowing for quick replacement of suitable connection components according to different models of the moving core 1, improving the versatility of the tooling and production flexibility. The support plate 2 and the moving core 1 are detachably fixedly connected, facilitating assembly and maintenance, and also supporting the co-production of multiple specifications of products.

[0027] The three-dimensional centering and fixing plate 4 not only undertakes the task of transmitting axial clamping force, but also participates in the control of welding atmosphere through the internally integrated directional flow channel. The position of the three-dimensional centering and fixing plate 4 can be accurately positioned in the vertical direction by adjusting the height of the support structure, so as to meet the assembly requirements of parts of different heights and sizes.

[0028] In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, a directional flow channel is disposed inside the three-dimensional centering and fixing plate 4, extending through the entire plate along its thickness direction. The inlet end of the directional flow channel is provided with a tapered gas inlet, which facilitates smooth gas introduction and avoids turbulence. The outlet end faces the weld area, ensuring that the inert gas can directly cover the critical connection parts. This directional flow channel can be used to introduce protective gases such as argon and nitrogen, forming a local positive pressure atmosphere during brazing, effectively isolating air, reducing the oxygen content to below 50 ppm, and inhibiting metal oxidation reactions. The number and distribution of the directional flow channels can be designed according to the actual weld layout; it can be a single channel or a multi-channel array, with the spacing between adjacent channels flexibly configured within the range of 20–35 mm.

[0029] This application achieves unified coordination of dynamic compensation and high-precision positioning of weld gaps during the brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter. Due to the adoption of a self-centering hole structure with a ceramic-based elastic bushing, even with minor initial screw installation deviations, automatic correction can be achieved through the elastic deformation of the ceramic-based elastic bushing, thus controlling the part positioning accuracy within ±0.02mm, significantly superior to traditional rigid connection methods. Simultaneously, the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5 maintains stable elastic performance in high-temperature environments of 800–900°C, avoiding the attenuation of clamping force due to material softening, ensuring continuous effective pressure throughout the insulation stage, and improving weld filling integrity. Combined with the interface stability provided by the micro-toothed bonding structure and the local atmosphere protection provided by the directional flow channel, problems such as thermal deformation misalignment and oxidation defects are effectively mitigated. The modular connection interface design gives the tooling greater adaptability and can be widely applied to various specifications of moving core products within the φ50–φ200mm range, improving the flexibility of the production line. In summary, this tooling fixture, through structural innovation and functional integration, has solved key technical problems such as inaccurate positioning, uncontrollable gaps, adverse environments, and poor versatility in high-temperature brazing, providing reliable technical support for the mass production of high-quality vacuum interrupters.

[0030] The micro-toothed bonding structure refers to a series of micro-protruding tooth-like structures arranged regularly along the circumference or radial direction on the contact surface between the support plate 2 and the moving core 1. Its function is to increase the actual contact area, improve frictional resistance, and achieve adaptive distribution of local stress through micro-scale deformation. In a more specific embodiment provided by this invention, the tooth height of the micro-toothed bonding structure is 0.15–0.25 mm, the tooth pitch is 1.2–1.8 mm, and the tooth surface is treated with plasma nitriding.

[0031] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the directional flow channel extends through the thickness direction of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4, the inner diameter of the directional flow channel is 0.9-1.1mm, the inlet end of the directional flow channel is provided with a conical air guide, and the outlet end of the directional flow channel faces the weld area.

[0032] As an optional implementation, the inner diameter of the directional flow channel can be selected from intermediate values ​​such as 0.95mm, 1.0mm, or 1.05mm to accommodate different gas types, such as argon, nitrogen, or mixed gases, with flow rate requirements typically ranging from 5 to 8 L / min. This ensures stable gas output while also considering system energy consumption. The cone angle of the tapered gas inlet can be designed to be 30°–60°, with 45° being an option, depending on the actual assembly space, to balance intake efficiency and structural strength. Multiple directional flow channels can be arrayed on the three-dimensional centering plate 4, with the spacing between adjacent channels controlled between 25–30mm, thereby achieving uniform coverage of the entire weld length and preventing blind spots. Furthermore, the entire channel can be formed using laser micro-hole processing technology to ensure a smooth inner wall, precise dimensions, and improved resistance to carbon buildup and corrosion during long-term use.

[0033] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the ceramic-based elastic bushing is made of multiphase ceramic material, the inner hole of the ceramic-based elastic bushing is a conical structure, and the inner wall of the conical structure is provided with an elastic groove.

[0034] When the screw is subjected to axial preload, a radial component force is generated in the conical contact area, causing the ceramic-based elastic bushing to undergo slight elastic deformation. Simultaneously, this guides the screw towards the center position, achieving a self-centering effect of "the more pressure, the more upright." The elastic grooves extend axially along the ceramic-based elastic bushing and are evenly distributed on the inner circumference of the conical structure, giving the ceramic-based elastic bushing controllable elastic deformation capability in the radial direction. This design allows the ceramic-based elastic bushing to possess both rigid support and flexible compensation characteristics, improving the tooling's tolerance to manufacturing tolerances and thermal deformation.

[0035] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5 is a two-phase composite structure, comprising a core anti-creep layer and an outer elastic reinforcement layer. The surface of the outer elastic reinforcement layer is coated with an Al-Si-Y anti-creep coating. The core is provided with an anti-creep layer, mainly used to withstand long-term loads at high temperatures and resist plastic deformation; the outer elastic reinforcement layer is provided to maintain the overall elasticity and deformation recovery capability of the component. This maintains stable mechanical output and avoids functional degradation due to limitations of a single material. The core anti-creep layer can be prepared using a high-melting-point, high-strength refractory alloy system, such as W-Re-Hf ​​alloy, which has a tensile strength of not less than 1200 MPa at 850°C. The outer elastic reinforcement layer can be made of Ni-Cr-Co-Mo based high-temperature alloy. This type of alloy can stably maintain an elastic modulus between 200 and 220 GPa in the range of 800–900°C. The surface of the outer elastic reinforcement layer is further coated with an Al-Si-Y anti-creep coating. This coating can generate a dense and continuous composite oxide film in situ in a high-temperature oxidizing environment, effectively blocking the diffusion of oxygen elements into the matrix and inhibiting the migration of metal ions and grain boundary oxidation reactions.

[0036] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the adaptive screw assembly 3 includes a core screw, on which an elastic limiting ring is assembled and connected. The outer surface of the core screw is coated with a titanium aluminum nitride coating through a coating process, and the elastic limiting ring is made of high-temperature resistant polyimide composite material.

[0037] The core screw, as the main load-bearing and adjusting element, connects the support plate 2 and the three-dimensional centering and fixing plate 4, and transmits the preload. The elastic limiting ring is assembled in the middle area of ​​the core screw to limit the axial displacement range of the three-dimensional centering and fixing plate 4 during thermal expansion and contraction, preventing excessive movement that could lead to positioning failure. The titanium aluminum nitride coating formed on the outer surface of the core screw through a coating process significantly improves the friction performance and anti-adhesion ability of the screw in high-temperature environments. The high-temperature resistant polyimide composite material used has excellent thermal stability, resilience, and electrical insulation, and can be used for a long time at temperatures above 300°C without significant performance degradation.

[0038] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the scale adjustment nut 7 includes a nut base, the outer peripheral surface of the nut base is provided with scale markings, the inner hole area of ​​the nut base is machined with trapezoidal internal threads, each scale marking is matched with the pitch design of the trapezoidal internal threads, and each scale marking corresponds to a pre-compression adjustment of 0.05mm.

[0039] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the two ends of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5 are tightly fitted with the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 and the pressure transmission washer 6, respectively, and its pre-compression is controlled by adjusting the tightness of the scale-adjusting nut 7. As a key functional component, the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5 forms a surface contact fit with the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 at one end, while maintaining a gapless fit with the pressure transmission washer 6 at the other end, thereby forming a continuous and stable axial force transmission path. This arrangement of tightly fitted ends ensures that the externally applied pre-tightening force can be evenly distributed on the bearing surface of the elastic component, avoiding material yielding or fatigue damage due to local stress concentration.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for using a precision brazing adaptive tooling fixture for multiple parts of a vacuum interrupter is further provided, comprising the following steps: The adaptive screw assembly 3 is detachably and fixedly connected to the support plate 2 through the modular connection interface on the support plate 2, so that the adaptive screw assembly 3 passes into the self-centering hole of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4, and the ceramic-based elastic bushing in the self-centering hole is adapted to the adaptive screw assembly 3. At one end of the adaptive screw assembly 3 near the three-dimensional centering plate 4, a gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5, a pressure transmission washer 6, and a scale adjustment nut 7 are sequentially fitted. The pressure transmission washer 6 and the scale adjustment nut 7 are used to pre-compress the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5. At the same time, the micro-toothed contact structure of the contact surface between the support plate 2 and the moving core 1 is used to fix the moving core 1 to the support plate 2, and the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 is located above the moving core 1. The directional flow channel integrated inside the three-dimensional centering and fixing plate 4 is used to complete the brazing operation of multiple parts of the vacuum interrupter.

[0041] In a more specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the scale markings on the outer peripheral surface of the scale adjustment nut 7 are engaged with the trapezoidal internal thread of the inner hole of the nut base. According to the standard that each scale corresponds to a pre-compression amount of 0.05mm, the scale adjustment nut 7 is tightened to control the pre-compression amount of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5. The two ends of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component 5 are respectively tightly fitted to the three-dimensional centering fixing plate 4 and the pressure transmission washer 6.

[0042] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter, characterized in that, Includes a support plate (2); a moving tube core (1) and a three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) are fixedly connected on the support plate (2), the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) is located above the moving tube core (1), the contact surface between the support plate (2) and the moving tube core (1) is detachably provided with a micro-toothed fitting structure, and the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) has a directional flow channel integrated inside; The support plate (2) is provided with a modular connection interface, and an adaptive screw assembly (3) is detachably and fixedly connected to the modular connection interface. The adaptive screw assembly (3) is inserted into the self-centering hole of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4), and a ceramic-based elastic bushing is provided in the self-centering hole. The adaptive screw assembly (3) is fitted with a gradient heat-resistant elastic assembly (5), a pressure transmission washer (6) and a scale adjustment nut (7) at one end near the three-dimensional centering plate (4). The pressure transmission washer (6) and the scale adjustment nut (7) cooperate to achieve pre-compression adjustment. The directional flow channel runs through the thickness direction of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4), the inner diameter of the directional flow channel is 0.9-1.1mm, the inlet end of the directional flow channel is provided with a conical air guide, and the outlet end of the directional flow channel faces the weld area. The ceramic-based elastic bushing is The ceramic substrate elastic bushing is made of multiphase ceramic material, and the inner hole of the ceramic substrate elastic bushing has a conical structure, and the inner wall of the conical structure is provided with an elastic groove. The gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5) is a two-phase composite structure. The gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5) includes a core anti-creep layer and an outer elastic reinforcement layer. The surface of the outer elastic reinforcement layer is coated with an Al-Si-Y anti-creep coating.

2. The adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-tooth-shaped bonding structure has a tooth height of 0.15-0.25 mm, a tooth pitch of 1.2-1.8 mm, and the tooth surface is treated with plasma nitriding.

3. The adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive screw assembly (3) includes a core screw, on which an elastic limiting ring is assembled and connected. The outer surface of the core screw is coated with a titanium aluminum nitride coating through a coating process. The elastic limiting ring is made of high-temperature resistant polyimide composite material.

4. The adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scale adjustment nut (7) includes a nut base, the outer peripheral surface of which is provided with scale markings, and the inner hole area of ​​the nut base is machined with trapezoidal internal threads. Each scale marking is matched with the pitch design of the trapezoidal internal threads, and each scale marking corresponds to a pre-compression adjustment of 0.05mm.

5. The adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5) are tightly fitted to the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) and the pressure transmission washer (6) respectively, and its pre-compression amount is controlled by adjusting the tightness of the scale adjustment nut (7).

6. A method of using the adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Through the modular connection interface on the support plate (2), the adaptive screw assembly (3) is detachably and fixedly connected to the support plate (2), so that the adaptive screw assembly (3) is inserted into the self-centering hole of the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4), and the ceramic-based elastic bushing in the self-centering hole is adapted to the adaptive screw assembly (3). A gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5), a pressure transmission washer (6), and a scale adjustment nut (7) are sequentially fitted onto one end of the adaptive screw assembly (3) near the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4). By cooperating with the pressure transmission washer (6) and the scale adjustment nut (7), the gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5) is pre-compressed and adjusted. At the same time, the micro-toothed contact structure of the contact surface between the support plate (2) and the moving core (1) is used to fix the moving core (1) to the support plate (2), and the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) is located above the moving core (1). The directional flow channel integrated inside the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) is used to complete the brazing operation of multiple parts of the vacuum interrupter.

7. The method of using the adaptive tooling fixture for precision brazing of multiple parts in a vacuum interrupter according to claim 6, characterized in that, By matching the scale markings on the outer circumference of the scale adjustment nut (7) with the trapezoidal internal thread of the inner hole of the nut body, the scale adjustment nut (7) is tightened according to the standard that each scale corresponds to a pre-compression amount of 0.05mm to control the pre-compression amount of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5), and the two ends of the gradient heat-resistant elastic component (5) are tightly fitted with the three-dimensional centering fixing plate (4) and the pressure transmission washer (6) respectively.

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