Mine hoist head sheave monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of mine hoist equipment monitoring, and relates to a mine hoist head sheave monitoring device and a monitoring method, which comprises a head sheave arranged between a first bearing seat and a second bearing seat, low-frequency vibration sensor groups installed on the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat, the two low-frequency vibration sensor groups being symmetrically distributed, a laser ranging sensor group movably installed on the top surface of the first bearing seat, the low-frequency vibration sensor groups and the laser ranging sensor group being in communication connection with a data acquisition box, and the data acquisition box being in communication connection with a data processing monitoring platform. The low-frequency vibration sensor groups collect low-frequency vibration data generated by the head sheave during operation, reflect the mechanical structural integrity of the head sheave and the running state information of the bearing, the laser ranging sensor group measures the change in the swing distance of the head sheave in real time, judges whether the head sheave has abnormal phenomena such as deflection and shaking, and is movably installed, so that the measurement position and angle can be adjusted according to actual monitoring requirements to adapt to different working conditions and environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine hoist equipment monitoring technology, and in particular to a mine hoist sheave monitoring device and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] In the mining production process, the mining hoist is a key transportation equipment connecting underground and the surface, undertaking the task of lifting and lowering personnel, materials and ore. Its stability and reliability are directly related to the efficiency and safety of the entire mining operation. Once the mining hoist fails, it will not only lead to production interruption and huge economic losses, but may also cause serious safety accidents, threatening the lives of underground workers. Therefore, ensuring the normal operation of the mining hoist is one of the primary tasks in mining production.

[0003] As an important component of the mine hoisting system, the sheave is installed on the top of the headframe or tower. Its main function is to change the direction of the wire rope, so that the hoisting container can be smoothly raised and lowered in the vertical shaft.

[0004] However, since the sheave is usually located at a high position, manual inspection is extremely difficult. Due to the periodic nature of manual inspection, it is impossible to grasp the operating status of the sheave in real time. Most existing monitoring technologies cannot achieve real-time online monitoring and fault early warning of the sheave status. In mining production, the operating status of the sheave is dynamic. If the operating data of the sheave cannot be obtained in real time, it is impossible to detect early signs of faults in time, and it is impossible to take preventive and maintenance measures in advance, which will lead to the expansion of faults and affect the normal operation of the hoist. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a mine hoist sheave monitoring device and method to achieve real-time online detection of the sheave's status, provide early warning of faults, and greatly facilitate equipment maintenance and management.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following scheme: a mine hoist sheave monitoring device, comprising a sheave, a low-frequency vibration sensing group, and a laser ranging sensor group. The sheave is mounted between a first bearing seat and a second bearing seat. Low-frequency vibration sensing groups are installed on both the first and second bearing seats, and the two low-frequency vibration sensing groups are symmetrically distributed. The laser ranging sensor group is movably mounted on the top surface of the first bearing seat. Both the low-frequency vibration sensing group and the laser ranging sensor group are communicatively connected to a data acquisition box, and the data acquisition box is communicatively connected to a data processing and monitoring platform.

[0007] Through the above technical solution, low-frequency vibration sensor groups on the bearing seats on both sides of the sheave collect low-frequency vibration data generated during the sheave's operation, reflecting the mechanical structural integrity of the sheave and the operating status of the bearings. Laser rangefinders measure the real-time change in the sheave's sway distance to determine if there are any abnormal phenomena such as swaying or shaking. Furthermore, the movable installation method of the laser rangefinder sensor group allows for adjustment of the measurement position and angle according to actual monitoring needs, adapting to different working conditions and environments, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data. The data acquisition box can receive the data collected by the sensors in real time and transmit the data quickly and stably to the data processing and monitoring platform, providing timely data support for subsequent analysis and early warning.

[0008] Preferably, the laser rangefinder sensor group includes a laser rangefinder, a scale, a universal adjustment base, an electronic level, and a locking bolt. The universal adjustment base is detachably mounted on the top surface of the first bearing seat. The scale is mounted on the universal adjustment base. The laser rangefinder is rotatably mounted on the universal adjustment base via the locking bolt. The electronic level is also mounted on the universal adjustment base.

[0009] Preferably, the universal adjustment seat includes a universal rotating seat, a mounting surface, a leveling piston cylinder, and a fixed surface. A plurality of leveling piston cylinders are installed between the mounting surface and the fixed surface. The fixed surface is screwed to the top surface of the first bearing seat. The two ends of the leveling piston cylinder are respectively connected to the mounting surface and the fixed surface through universal joints. The scale and the laser rangefinder are installed on the universal rotating seat. The universal rotating seat and the electronic level are both installed on the top surface of the mounting surface.

[0010] The upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder are filled with filling oil. The leveling piston cylinder is provided with an oil passage. The upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder are connected through the oil passage. A release valve is installed on the leveling piston cylinder. The release valve is movably connected to the oil passage so that the upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder can be connected and closed.

[0011] The specific steps of the aforementioned mine hoist sheave monitoring method are as follows:

[0012] Step A: Deploy a low-frequency vibration sensor group on the first bearing housing and the second bearing housing, and deploy an adjustment laser rangefinder sensor group on the first bearing housing to record the installation angle and the initial installation distance of the laser beam into the system;

[0013] Step B: Install the data acquisition box, connect each sensor channel, turn on the power, and connect to the data processing and monitoring platform;

[0014] Step C: The hoist is running, and the data acquisition box collects and transmits data in real time;

[0015] Step D: The data processing and monitoring platform monitors and processes data to conduct real-time monitoring and evaluation of the health status of the sheave bearing housing and sheave movement, and pushes the results to the user to achieve efficient equipment operation and maintenance.

[0016] Preferably, in step A, the low-frequency vibration sensing group includes a horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor and a vertical low-frequency vibration sensor. Horizontal low-frequency vibration sensors are installed on both the side surface of the first bearing housing and the side surface of the second bearing housing, and vertical low-frequency vibration sensors are installed on both the top surface of the first bearing housing and the top surface of the second bearing housing.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the specific deployment and adjustment steps for the laser rangefinder in step A include:

[0018] a1. Install the universal adjustment seat on the top surface of the first bearing seat and use an electronic level to level it.

[0019] a2. Loosen the locking bolt so that the laser rangefinder can rotate on the universal adjustment seat and be aligned with the outer circle plane of the top wheel spoke 30mm inward;

[0020] a3, tighten the locking bolts to lock the laser rangefinder angle, record the installation angle a and the initial laser beam distance L, and enter the data into the data processing and monitoring platform.

[0021] Preferably, in step B, the data acquisition box is connected to the low-frequency vibration sensor group and the laser ranging sensor group via wired real-time transmission, and the data acquisition box transmits data to the data processing and monitoring platform via cellular network.

[0022] Preferably, in step C, vibration data of the two bearing seats are collected by a horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor and a vertical low-frequency vibration sensor; the laser beam distance L1 when the sheave wheel swings left and right is collected by a laser rangefinder; and the equipment balance value is collected in real time by an electronic level.

[0023] As a preferred option, the specific processing steps of the data processing and monitoring platform in step D include:

[0024] d1, Real-time vibration monitoring, and analysis of vibration data to determine if the two bearing housings are faulty;

[0025] d2, based on the laser beam distance L1 and the initial laser beam installation distance L when the sheave wheel swings left and right, the health status of the sheave wheel's left and right swing is monitored and evaluated in real time.

[0026] d3, Analyze whether the laser rangefinder sensor group is balanced and centered based on the data from the electronic level;

[0027] d4 provides real-time warnings and pushes them to users regarding imbalances, misalignments, loose foundations, and excessive sway.

[0028] Preferably, in step d2, the difference A and A1 are calculated using the laser beam distance L1 when the sheave sways left and right, the initial laser beam distance L, and the installation angle a. The real-time sheave sway amount b and b1 are calculated, and the horizontal sway is calculated using oblique line distance measurement and trigonometric functions.

[0029] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. This invention uses low-frequency vibration sensors on the bearing seats on both sides of the sheave to collect low-frequency vibration data generated during the sheave's operation, reflecting the mechanical structural integrity of the sheave and the operating status of the bearings. A laser rangefinder measures the sheave's sway distance in real time to determine if there are any abnormal phenomena such as swaying or shaking. Furthermore, the movable installation of the laser rangefinder allows for adjustment of the measurement position and angle according to actual monitoring needs, adapting to different working conditions and environments, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data. The data acquisition box can receive the data collected by the sensors in real time and transmit the data quickly and stably to the data processing and monitoring platform, providing timely data support for subsequent analysis and early warning.

[0031] 2. The universal adjustment base can flexibly adjust the measurement direction of the laser rangefinder according to actual measurement needs, ensuring that the laser beam can accurately illuminate the designated position of the sheave, adapting to different installation environments and measurement scenarios, improving the flexibility and adaptability of measurement, and working with the electronic level to ensure that the equipment and the universal adjustment base are in a horizontal position.

[0032] 3. The piston cylinder is filled with filling oil and connected through oil passages to eliminate piston displacement clearance and vacuum layer. While ensuring the stability of piston locking, it can also effectively absorb and disperse vibration energy, further reducing the interference of external vibration on the measuring equipment, making the laser rangefinder and other equipment more stable during operation. With the help of an electronic level, manual fine adjustment is made to ensure that the universal rotating seat is in a horizontal position, thereby improving the reliability and repeatability of the laser rangefinder measurement.

[0033] 4. The dial-assisted positioning provides a precise reference for the angle adjustment of the laser rangefinder. By observing the scale, the rotation angle of the laser rangefinder can be accurately determined, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of parameters such as the sheave deflection. The locking bolts provide sufficient fixing force to prevent the laser rangefinder from loosening or shifting under vibration or external force, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the measurement data.

[0034] 5. By connecting the low-frequency vibration sensor group and the laser ranging sensor group via a wired data acquisition channel interface, centralized acquisition of data from multiple types of sensors was achieved, providing comprehensive data support for subsequent data analysis and processing.

[0035] 6. Through multi-dimensional monitoring, we not only focus on the vibration of the bearing housing, but also monitor the sway of the sheave and the balance and alignment of the equipment, so as to have a comprehensive understanding of the operation of the entire mine hoist sheave system. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point E;

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point P undergoing motion.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the universal adjustment seat's adjustment part.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Sheave; 2. First bearing housing; 21. Second bearing housing; 3. Low-frequency vibration sensor group; 31. Horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor; 32. Vertical low-frequency vibration sensor; 4. Laser rangefinder sensor group; 41. Laser rangefinder; 42. Scale dial; 43. Universal adjustment seat; 431. Universal swivel seat; 432. Mounting surface; 433. Leveling piston cylinder; 434. Fixed surface; 44. Electronic level; 45. Locking bolt; 5. Data acquisition box; 6. Data processing and monitoring platform; 7. Release valve; 8. Filling oil; 9. Universal joint. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification. The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example 1: A monitoring device for the head sheave of a mine hoist, such as Figures 1-5As shown, the system includes a sheave wheel 1, a low-frequency vibration sensor group 3, and a laser ranging sensor group 4. The sheave wheel 1 is mounted between a first bearing seat 2 and a second bearing seat 21. Low-frequency vibration sensor groups 3 are installed on both the first and second bearing seats 21, symmetrically distributed. The laser ranging sensor group 4 is movably mounted on the top surface of the first bearing seat 2. Both the low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 and the laser ranging sensor group 4 are communicatively connected to a data acquisition box 5, which in turn is communicatively connected to a data processing and monitoring platform 6. The first and second bearing seats 2 and 21 have identical structures and are symmetrically arranged, mounted at both ends of the sheave wheel 1's shaft. The sheave wheel 1 is then supported by two low-frequency vibration sensors. The motion sensor group 3 is installed in the same position on both bearing seats, accurately acquiring vibration data from both sides of the sheave 1 during operation, facilitating comparative analysis. It is used to monitor the low-frequency vibration information generated by the sheave 1 during operation. By sensing parameters such as vibration frequency and amplitude, it reflects the operating status of the sheave 1, such as whether there is abnormal vibration or component wear. When the hoist is running, the hoist sheave speed is 8 r / min, and the two bearing seats will vibrate with very small amplitude and low frequency. This small amplitude and low frequency vibration will not affect the detection of the laser ranging sensor group 4, while the low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 can easily detect this vibration and feed it back to the data acquisition box 5.

[0045] Data acquisition box 5 is installed on the tower of sheave 1.

[0046] The low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 and the laser rangefinder sensor group 4 monitor the operating status of the sheave 1 from different aspects. If the low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 detects abnormal vibration of a bearing on one side, combined with the displacement data measured by the laser rangefinder sensor group 4, it can be determined whether the fault is caused by bearing wear or overall sheave 1 sway, thus providing accurate fault information for maintenance personnel.

[0047] The laser ranging sensor group 4 is movable and can be adjusted to meet actual monitoring needs to obtain more accurate ranging data. It measures the swing changes of the spokes of the top wheel 1, and by monitoring the distance data, it can be determined whether there are problems such as offset or deformation of the top wheel 1.

[0048] The data processing and monitoring platform 6 includes a mobile base station, a cloud platform, a computer web terminal, and a mobile app terminal. The cloud platform contains algorithm software to process data and identify fault characteristics. The computer web terminal and the mobile app terminal deploy management software to receive information from the cloud platform and manage and process equipment fault information. The mobile base station, cloud platform, computer web terminal, and mobile app terminal are all connected by network communication. The mobile base station provides on-site network coverage and supports real-time data transmission. All components are connected through network communication to form a closed-loop link of "sensor group → data acquisition box 5 → cloud platform → management terminal" to ensure data real-time performance and traceability.

[0049] The laser rangefinder sensor group 4 includes a laser rangefinder 41, a scale dial 42, a universal adjustment base 43, an electronic level 44, and a locking bolt 45. The universal adjustment base 43 is detachably mounted on the top surface of the first bearing seat 2. The scale dial 42 is mounted on the universal adjustment base 43. The laser rangefinder 41 is rotatably mounted on the universal adjustment base 43 via the locking bolt 45. The electronic level 44 is also mounted on the universal adjustment base 43. The laser rangefinder 41 supports RS485 / RS232 / Ethernet communication and is wired to the data acquisition box 5. The scale dial 42 provides angle scale markings and is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The surface is anodized, the scale accuracy is ±0.1°, the graduation value is 1°, the electronic level 44 monitors the horizontal state of the laser rangefinder 41 and the overall balance value of the bearing seat in real time, the universal adjustment seat 43 allows the laser rangefinder 41 to rotate flexibly in multiple directions, and the locking bolt 45 can easily and quickly fix the laser rangefinder 41 at the required angle, the scale 42 provides precise scale indication for the angle adjustment of the laser rangefinder 41, and the operator can accurately adjust the laser rangefinder 41 to the required angle according to the reading on the scale 42, which further improves the accuracy of measurement.

[0050] The universal adjustment seat 43 includes a universal swivel seat 431, a mounting surface 432, a leveling piston cylinder 433, and a fixed surface 434. Several leveling piston cylinders 433 are installed between the mounting surface 432 and the fixed surface 434. The fixed surface 434 is screwed to the top surface of the first bearing seat 2. The two ends of the leveling piston cylinder 433 are connected to the mounting surface 432 and the fixed surface 434 respectively through universal joints 9. The scale 42 and the laser rangefinder 41 are installed on the universal swivel seat 431. The universal swivel seat 431 and the electronic level 44 are both installed on the top surface of the mounting surface 432. The fixed surface 434 is an arc plate that is attached to the first bearing seat 2 and fixedly connected by bolts. Preferably, there are four leveling piston cylinders 433 between the mounting surface 432 and the fixed surface 434, which are distributed relatively at the four corners to form a symmetrical distribution structure at the four corners.

[0051] The upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder 433 are filled with filling oil 8. The leveling piston cylinder 433 is provided with an oil passage. The upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder 433 are connected by the oil passage. A release valve 7 is installed on the leveling piston cylinder 433. The release valve 7 is movably connected to the oil passage so that the upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder 433 can be connected and closed. When the release valve 7 is open, the oil in the upper and lower chambers flows, realizing the free movement of the piston end; when closed, a closed hydraulic system is formed, locking the piston position. The piston end of the leveling piston cylinder 433 is connected to the fixed surface 434.

[0052] The universal swivel base 431 is installed on the top surface of the mounting surface 432, supporting the scale 42 and the laser rangefinder 41, and realizing the functions of angle adjustment and measurement.

[0053] The release valve 7 can be either a manual or electric valve. The leveling piston cylinder 433 is filled with filling oil 8, so that both sides of the piston end of the leveling piston cylinder 433 are filled with oil. As oil is a liquid, it is difficult to compress or expand, eliminating piston displacement gap and vacuum layer, ensuring that the adjustment process is without lag or shaking, and has higher stability. A spring is provided in the upper chamber, which is fixedly connected to the piston end and the top surface of the upper chamber. The spring provides support and prevents the piston from hitting the top of the upper chamber.

[0054] The rotating base of the laser rangefinder 41 and the universal rotating base 431 of the universal adjustment base 43 are coaxial, and their axis is fixed by a locking bolt 45. The locking bolt 45 consists of two parts: a smooth rotating area and a threaded fixing area. When the locking bolt 45 is turned at the axis so that the smooth rotating area of ​​the locking bolt 45 is at the laser rangefinder 41, the laser rangefinder 41 can be rotated and adjusted. As the threaded fixing area is screwed in, the laser rangefinder 41 is fixed.

[0055] The data acquisition box 5 includes a data acquisition unit, a data acquisition channel interface, and a 4G transmission module. The low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 and the laser ranging sensor group 4 are both connected to the data acquisition unit through the data acquisition channel interface. The data acquisition unit is connected to the data processing and monitoring platform 6 through the 4G transmission module. The 4G transmission module transmits data to the data processing and monitoring platform 6 quickly and stably, providing timely data support for subsequent analysis and early warning. The low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 and the laser ranging sensor group 4 acquire physical signals in real time, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition unit through standardized interfaces (such as RS485, Modbus, etc.).

[0056] Through long-term accumulation and analysis of the operating data of the sheave wheel 1, the data processing and monitoring platform 6 can understand the operating patterns and fault trends of the sheave wheel 1. Based on this information, equipment managers can formulate more scientific and reasonable maintenance plans, arrange maintenance time and replace vulnerable parts in advance, and avoid production interruptions caused by sudden failures.

[0057] It should be noted that the algorithm software and management software involved in this invention both adopt existing technologies.

[0058] Example 2: A method for monitoring the sheave of a mine hoist, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0059] Step A: Deploy low-frequency vibration sensor group 3 on the first bearing housing 2 and the second bearing housing 21, and deploy adjustment laser rangefinder sensor group 4 on the first bearing housing 2, and record the installation angle and initial laser beam distance into the system.

[0060] The low-frequency vibration sensing group 3 includes a horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor 31 and a vertical low-frequency vibration sensor 32. Horizontal low-frequency vibration sensors 31 are installed on the sides of the first bearing housing 2 and the second bearing housing 21, and vertical low-frequency vibration sensors 32 are installed on the top surfaces of the first bearing housing 2 and the second bearing housing 21. This ensures that the low-frequency vibration sensors are installed in both the horizontal and vertical directions of the bearing housing. The vibrations generated during equipment operation are often multi-dimensional, and monitoring in a single direction is prone to missing key information. This bidirectional installation method ensures that all possible vibration characteristics can be completely captured, providing comprehensive data for accurately assessing the operating status of the equipment. Abnormal vibrations in the horizontal direction are related to bearing radial clearance problems and poor gear meshing; while abnormal vibrations in the vertical direction are related to foundation loosening and shaft imbalance.

[0061] The specific deployment and adjustment steps for the laser rangefinder 41 include:

[0062] a1. Install the universal adjustment seat 43 on the top surface of the first bearing seat 2 and use it in conjunction with the electronic level 44 to level it.

[0063] When installing the universal adjustment seat 43, first observe the electronic level 44 on its mounting surface 432 to ensure that the universal adjustment seat 43 is installed horizontally. When measuring the angle, observe the scale 42 that is coaxial with the rotating end of the laser rangefinder 41.

[0064] When adjusting the universal adjusting seat 43, the operator opens the release valve 7. At this time, the upper and lower chambers are connected through the oil passage, allowing the filling oil 8 to flow, thereby releasing the restriction on the piston end of the leveling piston cylinder 433. The operator holds the housing of the leveling piston cylinder 433 and moves it up or down. With the help of the observation electronic level 44, the operator performs manual fine-tuning. When the position is adjusted to a suitable position, the release valve 7 is tightened to close the oil passage connecting the upper and lower chambers.

[0065] a2, loosen the locking bolt 45 so that the laser rangefinder 41 can rotate on the universal adjustment seat 43 and be aligned with the outer circle plane of the wheel 1 spoke 30mm inward;

[0066] Precise installation and adjustment ensure that the laser rangefinder 41 can accurately measure the laser beam distance when the sheave 1 swings left and right, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent real-time monitoring and evaluation of the health status of the sheave 1's left and right swing, and improving the accuracy of swing monitoring.

[0067] a3, tighten the locking bolt 45, lock the laser rangefinder at angle 41, record the installation angle a, and the initial laser beam distance L, and enter the data into the data processing and monitoring platform 6.

[0068] Step B: Install the data acquisition box 5, connect each sensor channel, turn on the power, and connect to the data processing and monitoring platform 6;

[0069] The data acquisition box 5, low-frequency vibration sensor group 3, and laser ranging sensor group 4 adopt wired real-time transmission. Wired transmission has stronger anti-interference capabilities and can avoid electromagnetic interference and signal blockage caused by the operation of the hoist, ensuring that the sensor data can be stably and accurately transmitted to the data acquisition box 5, reducing errors and loss in the data transmission process, and improving the reliability and integrity of the data. The data acquisition box 5 transmits to the data processing and monitoring platform 6 via cellular network.

[0070] Step C: The hoist is running, and the data acquisition box 5 collects and transmits data in real time;

[0071] Vibration data of the two bearing seats are collected by horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor 31 and vertical low-frequency vibration sensor 32 to gain a deeper understanding of the stress state and operation of the bearing seats; the laser rangefinder 41 collects the laser beam distance L1 when the sheave 1 swings left and right to accurately measure the swing amplitude of the sheave 1 during operation. The swing of the sheave 1 directly affects the operating stability of the hoist and the uniformity of the force on the wire rope; the electronic level 44 collects the equipment balance value in real time to reflect the overall balance state of the hoist.

[0072] Data acquisition box 5 collects and transmits data in real time during the operation of the hoist, and can dynamically track changes in the operating status of the hoist. During the start-up or braking of the hoist, vibration data and sway data may change significantly. Real-time monitoring can capture these transient information and provide a basis for analyzing the dynamic performance of the hoist.

[0073] Step D: The data processing and monitoring platform 6 monitors and processes data to conduct real-time monitoring and evaluation of the health status of the bearing housing of sheave 1 and the movement of sheave 1, and pushes the data to the user to achieve efficient equipment operation and maintenance.

[0074] d1, Real-time vibration monitoring, and analysis of vibration data to determine if the two bearing housings are faulty;

[0075] Vibration signals are an important source of information reflecting the health status of bearing housings. Different types of faults (such as bearing wear, ball defects, cage damage, etc.) will produce vibration frequencies and amplitudes with different characteristics. By analyzing the vibration data and comparing it with normal data, a basis can be provided for subsequent maintenance and replacement.

[0076] d2, based on the laser beam distance L1 and the initial laser beam installation distance L when the sheave wheel 1 swings left and right, the health status of the sheave wheel 1's left and right swing is monitored and evaluated in real time.

[0077] By calculating the laser beam distance L1 when the sheave 1 swings left and right, the initial laser beam distance L, and the installation angle a, the differences A and A1, and the real-time swing amounts b and b1 of the sheave 1 are obtained. The horizontal swing is calculated using oblique line distance measurement and trigonometric functions. The installation angle a is the angle between the center line of the scale 42 and the initial laser beam distance L. A1 is the left swing time difference of the sheave 1, and A is the right swing time difference of the sheave 1. N is the initial position of the outer circular plane of the sheave 1 spokes. N2 is the left swing position during operation, and N1 is the right swing position during operation. The real-time swing amount b of the sheave 1 is the distance from N to N1, and the real-time swing amount b1 of the sheave 1 is the distance from N to N2.

[0078] Laser ranging technology has higher precision and resolution, and can capture minute changes in the sway of the sheave 1. During the operation of the hoist, even if the sway of the sheave 1 is only a few millimeters, it can be accurately measured and recorded, providing reliable data support for a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the operational health status of the sheave 1.

[0079] d3, Analyze whether the laser rangefinder sensor group 4 is balanced and centered based on the data from the electronic level 44;

[0080] d4 provides real-time alerts and push notifications to users regarding faults such as imbalance, misalignment, loose foundations, and excessive sway.

[0081] The system monitors the bearing housing of the sheave 1, the movement of the sheave 1, and the impact of the sheave 1's movement on the laser ranging sensor group 4 in real time from three key dimensions: vibration, sway, and balance alignment. Vibration monitoring reflects the dynamic performance and stress of the bearing housing; sway monitoring focuses on the spatial position changes of the sheave 1 during operation; and balance alignment monitoring ensures the overall structural stability and smooth operation of the equipment.

[0082] The three aspects of monitoring complement each other and together form a comprehensive assessment system for the equipment's operating status, enabling maintenance personnel to fully understand the equipment's health condition and promptly identify potential problems and hidden dangers.

[0083] Maintenance personnel can remotely view the operating status and fault information of equipment through the monitoring platform. They only need to conduct on-site inspections and repairs when necessary, which greatly improves maintenance efficiency and allows for rapid repair measures, shortening fault handling time.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for the sheave of a mine hoist, characterized in that: The system includes a sheave (1), a low-frequency vibration sensor group (3), and a laser ranging sensor group (4). The sheave (1) is mounted between a first bearing seat (2) and a second bearing seat (21). Both the first bearing seat (2) and the second bearing seat (21) are equipped with low-frequency vibration sensor groups (3). The two low-frequency vibration sensor groups (3) are symmetrically distributed. The laser ranging sensor group (4) is movably mounted on the top surface of the first bearing seat (2). Both the low-frequency vibration sensor group (3) and the laser ranging sensor group (4) are communicatively connected to a data acquisition box (5). The data acquisition box (5) is communicatively connected to a data processing and monitoring platform (6). The laser rangefinder sensor group (4) includes a laser rangefinder (41), a scale (42), a universal adjustment seat (43), an electronic level (44), and a locking bolt (45). The universal adjustment seat (43) is detachably mounted on the top surface of the first bearing seat (2). The scale (42) is mounted on the universal adjustment seat (43). The laser rangefinder (41) is rotatably mounted on the universal adjustment seat (43) by the locking bolt (45). The electronic level (44) is also mounted on the universal adjustment seat (43). The universal adjustment seat (43) includes a universal rotating seat (431), a mounting surface (432), a leveling piston cylinder (433), and a fixed surface (434). Several leveling piston cylinders (433) are installed between the mounting surface (432) and the fixed surface (434). The fixed surface (434) is screwed to the top surface of the first bearing seat (2). The two ends of the leveling piston cylinder (433) are connected to the mounting surface (432) and the fixed surface (434) respectively through universal joints (9). The scale (42) and the laser rangefinder (41) are installed on the universal rotating seat (431). The universal rotating seat (431) and the electronic level (44) are both installed on the top surface of the mounting surface (432). The upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder (433) are filled with filling oil (8). The leveling piston cylinder (433) is provided with an oil passage. The upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder (433) are connected through the oil passage. A release valve (7) is installed on the leveling piston cylinder (433). The release valve (7) is movably connected to the oil passage so that the upper and lower chambers of the leveling piston cylinder (433) can be connected and closed.

2. A method for monitoring the sheave of a mine hoist, characterized in that, Operating the mine hoist sheave monitoring device according to claim 1 includes the following steps: Step A: Deploy a low-frequency vibration sensor group (3) on the first bearing housing (2) and the second bearing housing (21), and deploy an adjustment laser rangefinder sensor group (4) on the first bearing housing (2), and record the installation angle and the initial installation distance of the laser beam into the system; Step B: Install the data acquisition box (5), connect each sensor channel, turn on the power, and connect to the data processing and monitoring platform (6). Step C: The hoist is running, and the data acquisition box (5) collects and transmits data in real time; Step D: The data processing and monitoring platform (6) monitors and processes data to monitor and evaluate the health status of the bearing seat and the movement of the sheave (1) in real time, and pushes the data to the user to achieve efficient equipment operation and maintenance.

3. The method for monitoring the sheave of a mine hoist according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A, the low-frequency vibration sensing group (3) includes a horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor (31) and a vertical low-frequency vibration sensor (32). The horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor (31) is installed on the side of the first bearing seat (2) and the side of the second bearing seat (21). The vertical low-frequency vibration sensor (32) is installed on the top surface of the first bearing seat (2) and the top surface of the second bearing seat (21).

4. The method for monitoring the head sheave of a mine hoist according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific deployment and adjustment steps for the laser rangefinder in step A include: a1. Install the universal adjustment seat (43) on the top surface of the first bearing seat (2) and level it in conjunction with the electronic level (44); a2, loosen the locking bolt (45) so that the laser rangefinder (41) can rotate on the universal adjustment seat (43) and be aligned with the outer circle plane of the wheel (1) 30mm inward; a3, tighten the locking bolt (45), lock the laser rangefinder (41) angle, record the installation angle a, and the initial laser beam distance L, and enter the data into the data processing and monitoring platform (6).

5. The method for monitoring the sheave of a mine hoist according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step B, the data acquisition box (5) is connected to the low-frequency vibration sensing group (3) and the laser ranging sensor group (4) via wired real-time transmission, and the data acquisition box (5) transmits the data to the data processing and monitoring platform (6) via cellular network.

6. The method for monitoring the sheave of a mine hoist according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step C, vibration data of the two bearing seats are collected by a horizontal low-frequency vibration sensor (31) and a vertical low-frequency vibration sensor (32); the distance L1 of the laser beam when the sheave (1) swings left and right is collected by a laser rangefinder (41); and the balance value of the equipment is collected in real time by an electronic level (44).

7. The method for monitoring the sheave of a mine hoist according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific processing steps of the data processing and monitoring platform (6) in step D include: d1, Real-time vibration monitoring, and analysis of vibration data to determine if the two bearing housings are faulty; d2, based on the laser beam distance L1 and the initial laser beam installation distance L when the sheave (1) swings left and right, the health status of the sheave (1) swinging left and right is monitored and evaluated in real time. d3, Analyze the data from the electronic level (44) to determine whether the laser rangefinder sensor group (4) is balanced and centered; d4 provides real-time warnings and pushes them to users regarding imbalances, misalignments, loose foundations, and excessive sway.

8. The method for monitoring the head sheave of a mine hoist according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step d2, the difference A and A1 are calculated by using the laser beam distance L1 when the sheave (1) swings left and right, the initial laser beam distance L, and the installation angle a. The real-time swing amount b and b1 of the sheave (1) are calculated by using oblique line distance measurement and trigonometric functions to calculate the horizontal swing.

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