BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy project construction schemes

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering construction technology and discloses a BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes. This method establishes a BIM 3D model integrating modules for topography and geology, hydraulic structures, construction equipment, and material properties. It then constructs a 4D construction simulation environment by linking the construction progress to achieve dynamic visualization of the process. Based on the 4D environment, multiple construction schemes are generated, annotating earthwork allocation paths, reservoir and access road layouts, and sequential operation procedures. The optimal scheme is quantitatively selected using a multi-objective evaluation system including indicators such as construction period, cost, resource utilization rate, and geomembrane joint quality. A 3D visualization model and parametric reports are output, and the scheme is dynamically adjusted based on on-site feedback. This invention solves the problems of traditional schemes relying on experience, inaccurate simulation, and difficulty for operators to understand key elements. It improves the scientificity and feasibility of construction schemes and achieves precise control over the quality, construction period, and cost of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering construction technology, specifically a BIM-assisted method for simulating and optimizing water conservancy engineering construction schemes. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy engineering, ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams are a key dam type with extremely high requirements for scale and technology. The term "ultra-large" is usually defined according to the "Classification of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects and Flood Standards" (SL252-2017) and engineering practice, specifically referring to a dam height of not less than 100m, a dam axis length of not less than 1000m, and a total reservoir capacity of not less than 1 billion cubic meters. 3 Furthermore, the total area of ​​geomembrane laying shall not be less than 100,000 square meters, and the total amount of gravel filling shall not be less than 1 million cubic meters. 3 The dam structure of this type of dam involves core requirements such as adapting to complex terrain and geology, coordinating the construction of geomembranes and gravel, and the cross-connection of multiple processes. Therefore, the precision and systematic nature of the construction plan are far higher than those for conventional dam types. Currently, the formulation and optimization of construction plans for this type of dam largely rely on the past experience of engineers and manual calculations. Limited by the dimensions and precision of manual analysis, it is difficult to conduct full-scenario, high-precision simulations of multiple factors throughout the construction process, including complex terrain and geological conditions, geomembrane joint quality control, gravel gradation matching, and the coordination of construction equipment. Furthermore, traditional plans are often presented in two-dimensional drawings or text documents, failing to intuitively demonstrate the dynamic evolution and spatial conflict risks of key dam construction stages. This makes it difficult for workers to accurately grasp the core points of the plan, easily leading to problems such as geomembrane laying deviations, substandard gravel filling quality, and delays in process connections during actual construction. This can result in cost overruns, resource waste, or dam safety hazards. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need for a visualization simulation and quantitative optimization technology for construction schemes adapted to the characteristics of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, to break through the limitations of traditional experience-based reliance and improve the scientific nature of scheme formulation and the effectiveness of construction execution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention discloses the following technical solution: a BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes, the method comprising:

[0005] A BIM 3D model of a geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam is established. The BIM 3D model includes a topographic and geological module for characterizing topographic and geological morphology and geological stratification data, a hydraulic structure module for characterizing dam structure and construction component information, a construction equipment module for characterizing construction equipment type and operating parameters, and a material property module for characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of geomembrane and gravel.

[0006] The construction schedule is linked with the BIM 3D model to build a 4D construction simulation environment, and the construction process is dynamically visualized through the 4D construction simulation environment.

[0007] Based on the 4D construction simulation environment, at least two different construction schemes are generated. The different construction schemes are formed based on the optimization of earthwork allocation path, the reorganization of flow operation procedures, or the difference in resource allocation. All of them meet the basic construction requirements of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam. The construction schemes are marked with earthwork allocation path, upper and lower reservoir ramp layout information, and flow operation procedures.

[0008] A multi-objective evaluation system is established, and the construction plan is quantitatively analyzed through the multi-objective evaluation system to obtain the evaluation results. The indicators of the multi-objective evaluation system include the construction period indicator, cost indicator, resource utilization rate indicator, and geomembrane joint quality control indicator.

[0009] The optimal construction scheme is selected based on the evaluation results, and the optimized results with a 3D visualization model and parametric reports are output. The 3D visualization model is generated by extracting the geometric information, material information, and construction progress correlation information of the BIM 3D model in the 4D construction simulation environment corresponding to the optimal construction scheme, and then performing lightweight processing. The parametric reports are generated by collecting quantitative analysis data from the multi-objective evaluation system, resource allocation data of the optimal construction scheme, and key process parameter data, and then calculating and integrating them according to a preset template.

[0010] The optimal construction plan is dynamically adjusted based on on-site feedback data to continuously optimize the construction process.

[0011] Preferably, the process of creating the BIM 3D model includes:

[0012] Topographic survey data is processed using terrain data processing software to generate a terrain surface model with contour lines and geological layers.

[0013] The construction component units of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam are established using BIM modeling software. The construction component units include geomembrane laying units, gravel compaction units, and ramp structure units.

[0014] The terrain surface model is integrated with each construction component unit, and the parameter association and synchronous update between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are realized through the data interface.

[0015] The integrated BIM 3D model was tested for construction compatibility to ensure that the spatial position of each construction component unit conformed to the structural design specifications of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, and that the parameter settings of each construction component unit met the construction process standards.

[0016] Preferably, the integration of the terrain surface model with each construction component unit, and the realization of parameter association and synchronous update between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit through a data interface, includes:

[0017] The coordinate system, geological stratification data, and spatial positioning parameters of each construction component unit of the terrain surface model are uniformly calibrated using the IFC data exchange standard. Then, each construction component unit is precisely positioned and integrated into the corresponding construction area of ​​the terrain surface model according to the design drawings of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, forming a complete dam body BIM 3D model. At the same time, the parameters of the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are associated and updated synchronously through the data interface.

[0018] Preferably, the parameter association and synchronous update include: when the geological layer data of the terrain surface model is modified, the unit parameters of the construction component units in the corresponding construction area are automatically adapted and adjusted; when the unit parameters of the construction component units are updated, the construction area annotation information of the terrain surface model is updated synchronously.

[0019] Preferably, the method of associating the construction schedule with the BIM 3D model to construct a 4D construction simulation environment includes:

[0020] The construction schedule is broken down into weekly or monthly progress nodes according to the work process, and the construction content and time period corresponding to each progress node are clearly defined.

[0021] The disassembled progress nodes are bound to the corresponding construction component units in the BIM 3D model, so that the display status of the construction component units is synchronized with the progress nodes.

[0022] By using the timeline function of BIM software, information on progress nodes and construction component units is integrated to generate a dynamically playable 4D construction simulation environment.

[0023] Preferably, the earthwork allocation path is obtained through the following steps:

[0024] In the BIM 3D model, mark the 3D coordinates of the material yard location, filling area and transportation road, and mark the sand and gravel particle size distribution data of each material yard and the material gradation requirements of each filling area.

[0025] Based on Dijkstra's algorithm and material gradation matching rules, the optimal transportation path from the material yard to the filling area is calculated, and material yard-filling area combinations with mismatched particle size distribution are excluded to generate a multi-path selection scheme.

[0026] The spatial conflict analysis of the BIM 3D model identifies obstacles and intersection conflict points in the transportation path, and automatically optimizes the avoidance route according to the type of conflict point.

[0027] Preferably, the evaluation criteria for the optimal transportation route include route length, transportation cost, grade matching degree, and equipment loss rate.

[0028] Preferably, the evaluation process for the optimal transportation route includes:

[0029] Using path length, transportation cost, gradation matching degree, and equipment loss rate as elements of the matrix rows and columns, and setting matrix element values ​​based on industry experience and construction requirements for earthwork transportation in water conservancy projects, a pairwise comparison judgment matrix for evaluation criteria is constructed. Among them, when comparing the importance of gradation matching degree with path length, transportation cost, and equipment loss rate, according to the structural characteristics of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, the importance of gradation matching degree is higher than that of path length, transportation cost, and equipment loss rate.

[0030] Calculate the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix, normalize the eigenvector, and obtain the weights of path length, transportation cost, grade matching degree, and equipment loss rate.

[0031] The consistency test verifies the rationality of the weight allocation. If the consistency ratio is not less than 0.1, the element values ​​in the judgment matrix are readjusted until the consistency test is passed.

[0032] The evaluation criteria for each transportation route are quantified and scored. The route length is based on the formula: 100 - (actual distance - shortest distance) / shortest distance × 100. The transportation cost is based on the formula: 100 - (unit cost - minimum cost) / minimum cost × 100. The gradation matching degree is based on the formula: percentage of actual gradation matching with required gradation. The equipment loss rate is based on the formula: 100 - (estimated loss cost - baseline loss cost) / baseline loss cost × 100. These are converted into scores within the corresponding range of 0-100.

[0033] The comprehensive score of each transportation path is calculated using the formula: Path Comprehensive Score = Path Length Score × Path Length Weight + Transportation Cost Score × Transportation Cost Weight + Allocation Matching Score × Allocation Matching Weight + Equipment Loss Rate Score × Equipment Loss Rate Weight. The path with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the optimal transportation path.

[0034] Preferably, the quantitative analysis of the construction plan using the multi-objective evaluation system to obtain the evaluation results includes:

[0035] The quantitative score for the construction period indicator is calculated using the formula: 100 - (Solution Construction Period - Shortest Feasible Construction Period) / Shortest Feasible Construction Period × 100, where a higher score indicates a better construction period. The quantitative score for the cost indicator is calculated using the formula: 100 - (Total Solution Cost - Lowest Estimated Cost) / Lowest Estimated Cost × 100, where a higher score indicates a better cost. The quantitative score for the resource utilization rate indicator is calculated using the formula: (Actual Resource Utilization Efficiency / Optimal Resource Utilization Efficiency) × 100, where a higher score indicates more efficient resource utilization. The quantitative score for the geomembrane joint quality control indicator is calculated using the formula: Geomembrane Joint Qualification Rate × 100, where a higher score indicates better joint quality.

[0036] The weights of each indicator are calculated using a weight model combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method. The comprehensive weights of the geomembrane joint quality control indicator and the cost indicator are dynamically adjusted according to the actual needs of the project, based on the construction priority of the ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam. The comprehensive score of each construction scheme is calculated according to the formula: Comprehensive evaluation score = Construction period score × Construction period weight + Cost score × Cost weight + Resource utilization rate score × Resource utilization rate weight + Geomembrane joint quality control score × Geomembrane joint quality weight.

[0037] Based on quantitative scores and comprehensive evaluation scores, the advantages and disadvantages of each construction scheme are identified. Combined with the construction priority of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, a comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages is formed, which serves as a direct basis for selecting the optimal construction scheme.

[0038] Preferably, the dynamic adjustment of the optimal construction plan based on on-site feedback data includes:

[0039] On-site construction data is collected via mobile terminals. The geomembrane laying tension value and gravel compaction degree in the construction data are collected according to a preset cycle, and the operating parameters of the construction equipment in the construction data are collected in real time.

[0040] The collected construction data is compared with the corresponding preset parameters in the BIM 3D model. The parameter deviation rate of each construction stage is calculated using the formula: Deviation rate = |actual value of construction data - corresponding preset parameter| / corresponding preset parameter × 100%, and construction stages with deviation rates exceeding the preset threshold are identified.

[0041] Based on the identified deviation types in the construction process, targeted adjustment suggestions are generated. Among them, parameter deviations correspond to specific correction values, schedule deviations correspond to process compression plans, and quality deviations correspond to rework and repair plans.

[0042] After applying the targeted adjustment suggestions to the optimal construction plan, the three-dimensional visualization model and parameterized reports are regenerated and synchronized to the 4D construction simulation environment.

[0043] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes of this invention, targeting the construction scenario of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, establishes a BIM 3D model containing modules of topography and geology, hydraulic structures, construction equipment, and material properties. Combined with the construction schedule, it constructs a 4D construction simulation environment, enabling dynamic visualization of the construction process. This breaks through the limitations of traditional reliance on experience and manual calculations, allowing workers to intuitively grasp key construction elements. Simultaneously, by generating multiple sets of construction schemes annotating earthwork allocation paths, pallet and footpath layouts, and sequential operation procedures, it quantitatively analyzes and selects the optimal scheme based on a multi-objective evaluation system including schedule, cost, resource utilization rate, and geomembrane joint quality indicators. It outputs a 3D visualization model and parameterized reports, improving the scientific rigor and feasibility of scheme formulation and avoiding quality or efficiency problems caused by scheme deviations. Subsequently, based on on-site feedback data, the optimal scheme is dynamically adjusted to continuously optimize construction, further adapting to the complexity and precision requirements of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam construction, ensuring the effectiveness of project construction quality, schedule, and cost control. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 The flowchart is a BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In this document, the term "comprising" is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0048] This embodiment provides a method such as Figure 1 The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes shown is particularly suitable for the formulation and optimization of construction schemes for ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams. It aims to solve the problems that traditional construction scheme formulation and optimization for ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams rely on experience and manual calculations, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive and accurate simulation of the entire construction process, and failing to enable operators to fully understand the key construction elements, resulting in insufficient scientific validity and feasibility of the schemes.

[0049] In detail, this method includes:

[0050] Step S1 - Establish a BIM 3D model of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam. The BIM 3D model includes a topographic and geological module for representing topographic and geological morphology and geological stratification data, a hydraulic structure module for representing dam structure and construction component information, a construction equipment module for representing construction equipment type and operating parameters, and a material property module for representing the physical and mechanical properties of geomembrane and gravel.

[0051] Step S2 - Link the construction schedule with the BIM 3D model to build a 4D construction simulation environment, and realize the dynamic visualization of the construction process through the 4D construction simulation environment.

[0052] Step S3 - Based on the 4D construction simulation environment, generate at least two different construction schemes. The different construction schemes are formed based on the optimization of earthwork allocation path, the reorganization of flow operation procedures, or the difference in resource allocation. All of them meet the basic construction requirements of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam. The construction schemes are marked with earthwork allocation path, upper and lower reservoir ramp layout information, and flow operation procedures.

[0053] Step S4 - Establish a multi-objective evaluation system and conduct quantitative analysis of the construction plan through the multi-objective evaluation system to obtain the evaluation results. The indicators of the multi-objective evaluation system include the schedule indicator, cost indicator, resource utilization rate indicator, and geomembrane joint quality control indicator.

[0054] Step S5 - Select the optimal construction scheme based on the evaluation results and output the optimized results with a 3D visualization model and parametric reports. The 3D visualization model is generated by extracting the geometric information, material information and construction progress correlation information of the BIM 3D model in the 4D construction simulation environment corresponding to the optimal construction scheme, and then processing it in a lightweight manner. The parametric reports are generated by collecting quantitative analysis data from the multi-objective evaluation system, resource allocation data of the optimal construction scheme and key process parameter data, and then calculating and integrating them according to a preset template.

[0055] in:

[0056] The lightweight processing of 3D visualization models adopts a LOD (Level of Detail) hierarchical strategy, which specifically includes:

[0057] Construction decision-making level: retain the key technical parameters and spatial relationships of each construction component unit, eliminate secondary geometric details (such as textures and minor protrusions in non-critical parts), keep the file size within 50MB, and support fast loading and viewing on computers and tablets;

[0058] On-site operation layer: retain the construction process details of each construction component unit (such as the location of geomembrane joints, gravel compaction trajectory, and the location of embedded parts of the ramp), and control the file size to within 100MB, supporting construction personnel to compare and operate on-site via mobile terminals;

[0059] Quality Acceptance Layer: Completely preserves the geometric information (such as dimensional accuracy down to the millimeter level) and parameter information (such as material physical and mechanical parameters) of each construction component unit. The file size can be adjusted according to acceptance requirements, and supports high-precision dimensional measurement and parameter comparison through professional software.

[0060] The preset template for parametric reports includes three core modules: First, a multi-objective evaluation results module, which records the specific scores and rankings of the optimal construction scheme under the indicators of construction period, cost, resource utilization rate, and geomembrane joint quality control; second, a resource allocation module, which lists the earthwork volume, equipment quantity, and personnel allocation details required for construction; and third, a key process parameter module, which marks the standard values ​​and allowable deviation ranges of technical parameters such as geomembrane laying tension and gravel compaction degree.

[0061] Step S6 - Dynamically adjust the optimal construction plan based on on-site feedback data to continuously optimize the construction process.

[0062] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment establishes a BIM 3D model integrating topography, geology, hydraulic structures, construction equipment, and material properties. Combined with the construction progress, it constructs a 4D simulation environment, enabling dynamic visualization of the construction process and solving the problem of traditional schemes being unable to comprehensively and accurately simulate the process. By generating multiple sets of construction schemes annotated with key information, and relying on a multi-objective evaluation system to quantitatively select the optimal scheme and output visualized and parameterized results, it improves the scientific nature of the scheme and the understanding of key elements by the operators, avoiding insufficient feasibility due to reliance on experience. Combined with dynamic adjustments to the scheme based on on-site feedback, it can adapt to the complexity of constructing ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, continuously optimizing the construction process and ensuring the effectiveness of project quality, schedule, and cost control.

[0063] In this embodiment, the process of creating a BIM 3D model includes:

[0064] Topographic survey data is processed using terrain data processing software (such as Autodesk Civil 3D software) to generate a terrain surface model with contour lines and geological layers.

[0065] The construction component units of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam are established using BIM modeling software (such as Autodesk Revit software). The construction component units include geomembrane laying units, gravel compaction units, and ramp structure units.

[0066] The terrain surface model is integrated with each construction component unit, and the parameter association and synchronous update between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are realized through the data interface.

[0067] The integrated BIM 3D model was tested for construction compatibility to ensure that the spatial position of each construction component unit conformed to the structural design specifications of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, and that the parameter settings of each construction component unit met the construction process standards.

[0068] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment generates terrain surface models and construction component units using professional software, ensuring that the model conforms to the geological reality and structural design of the ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam; through model integration and parameter association, data collaboration among modules is achieved; and through construction adaptability verification, it is ensured that the spatial position and parameters of the components meet the design specifications and process standards, providing an accurate model foundation for subsequent 4D simulation and scheme generation, and avoiding scheme distortion caused by model deviation.

[0069] Each construction component unit is equipped with construction-related technical characteristic parameters, specifically:

[0070] Geomembrane laying unit: Set joint heat fusion temperature parameters, laying tension dynamic adjustment threshold, and friction coefficient parameters with gravel layer. All parameters must meet the seepage prevention design standards for inclined wall dams. Among them, the joint heat fusion temperature parameters must be linked and adapted to the construction environment temperature.

[0071] Gravel compaction unit: Set the compaction pass parameters, compactor travel speed range, and compaction test point distribution rules. The compaction pass parameters should be automatically matched according to the gravel particle size distribution, and the compaction test point distribution rules should cover the key corners and edges of the filling area.

[0072] Panma Road Structural Unit: Set slope ratio parameters, pavement bearing strength parameters, and embedded part positioning parameters that connect with the dam body. The slope ratio parameters must be consistent with the overall slope of the inclined wall dam, and the pavement bearing strength parameters must meet the requirements of construction equipment passage load.

[0073] The data interface adopts a two-way real-time interactive design, specifically including:

[0074] Terrain-related interaction: When the geological layer data of the terrain surface model is updated, the unit parameter adjustment of the construction component unit in the corresponding construction area is automatically triggered. For example, when the geological bearing capacity changes, the compaction standard of the gravel compaction unit is updated synchronously.

[0075] Construction feedback interaction: When the construction parameters of a certain unit in each construction component are modified, the feedback is sent to the corresponding area of ​​the terrain surface model in real time, the construction status label of that area is updated (such as "to be compacted" or "accepted"), and it is synchronously associated with the progress node of the 4D construction simulation environment.

[0076] The construction compatibility verification adopts a dual mechanism of 3D collision detection and parameter compliance detection, specifically:

[0077] 3D collision detection: Using BIM professional collision detection software, the spatial overlap between various construction component units (such as geomembrane laying unit and ramp structure unit) and between construction component units and terrain surface model (such as gravel compaction unit and geological fault area) is detected. The collision tolerance is controlled within 5cm. If overlap exists, the spatial position of the unit is adjusted.

[0078] Parameter compliance test: The technical parameters of each construction component unit (such as the geomembrane joint heat fusion temperature and the number of times the gravel is compacted) are compared with the corresponding standards in the current "Code for Inspection and Evaluation of Construction Quality of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects" (SL176-2007) to ensure that all parameters are within the compliance range specified in the code. The pass rate must reach 100% before proceeding to the next step. If there are non-compliant parameters, the unit parameters are readjusted.

[0079] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the terrain surface model is integrated with each construction component unit, and the parameter association and synchronous update between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are realized through a data interface, including:

[0080] By using the IFC data exchange standard (Industry Foundation Classes, the de facto international standard for engineering data exchange in the construction industry), the coordinate system of the terrain surface model, geological stratification data, and spatial positioning parameters of each construction component unit are uniformly calibrated. Then, each construction component unit is precisely positioned and integrated into the corresponding construction area of ​​the terrain surface model according to the design drawings of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, based on the coordinate system, to form a complete dam body BIM 3D model. At the same time, the parameters between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are associated and synchronously updated through the data interface.

[0081] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment is based on the IFC data exchange standard to unify the coordinates and data of the terrain model and component units, ensuring the accuracy of the integration of the two and avoiding spatial positioning errors caused by inconsistencies in coordinates or data. Through the data interface, parameter association and synchronous updates are realized, ensuring the integrity and timeliness of the dam body BIM three-dimensional model, providing coherent and accurate data support for the construction simulation of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, and reducing the workload and errors of manual data adjustment.

[0082] Furthermore, in this embodiment, parameter association and synchronous update include: when the geological layering data of the terrain surface model is modified, the unit parameters of the construction component units in the corresponding construction area are automatically adapted and adjusted; when the unit parameters of the construction component units are updated, the construction area annotation information of the terrain surface model is updated synchronously.

[0083] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment automatically adapts and updates the corresponding parameters and annotations when the topographic data or construction component parameters are modified, eliminating the need for manual adjustments. This improves model maintenance efficiency and avoids simulation deviations caused by parameter mismatches, ensuring that the BIM three-dimensional model of the ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam always matches the actual design or construction conditions, thus guaranteeing the reliability of subsequent scheme simulations.

[0084] Secondly, in this embodiment, the construction schedule is linked with the BIM 3D model to construct a 4D construction simulation environment, including:

[0085] The construction schedule is broken down into weekly or monthly progress nodes according to the work process, and the construction content and time period corresponding to each progress node are clearly defined.

[0086] The disassembled progress nodes are bound to the corresponding construction component units in the BIM 3D model, so that the display status of the construction component units is synchronized with the progress nodes.

[0087] By using the timeline function of BIM software, information on progress nodes and construction component units is integrated to generate a dynamically playable 4D construction simulation environment, which intuitively displays the time sequence and spatial arrangement of each process.

[0088] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted water conservancy project construction scheme simulation optimization method of this embodiment decomposes the construction progress into refined nodes and binds them with BIM three-dimensional model components, so that the display status of the components is synchronized with the progress; a dynamic 4D simulation environment is generated through the time axis, which intuitively presents the process connection and progress of the construction of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, solves the problem that traditional two-dimensional progress plans are not intuitive and that it is difficult for operators to grasp the process relationship, and facilitates the early identification of progress conflicts.

[0089] Among them, construction component unit information refers to the key technologies and spatial relationships of each construction component unit under the hydraulic structure module in the BIM 3D model, specifically including the following four core contents:

[0090] Basic attribute information of construction component units: that is, the inherent technical parameters of construction component units, corresponding to construction requirements, such as the material thickness (2-3mm) and joint width (100-150mm) of geomembrane laying units, the number of compaction passes and compaction standards of gravel compaction units, and the slope ratio and pavement bearing strength of ramp structure units. This information is the basis for judging whether construction component units meet construction standards.

[0091] Spatial location information of construction component units: refers to the three-dimensional coordinates and spatial relationship of construction component units in the BIM three-dimensional model. For example, the coordinates of the geomembrane laying unit in the specific laying area of ​​the inclined wall dam, the overlapping position with the gravel layer, and the connection coordinates of the ramp structure unit and the main body of the dam. This information ensures that the construction component units bound to the progress nodes can accurately correspond to the actual construction space area.

[0092] Construction component unit construction-related information: This refers to the supporting information related to the construction process of the construction component unit, including the type of equipment required for construction (such as compaction equipment, hoisting equipment), equipment operating parameters (corresponding to the load capacity of dump trucks, working width of compactors, etc.), and construction sequence requirements (such as the geomembrane must be laid after the gravel cushion layer is compacted). This information is used to ensure that the progress nodes are consistent with the construction process logic.

[0093] Construction component unit status identification information: refers to the current construction status record of the construction component unit, such as "pending construction", "under construction" and "accepted". This information is dynamically updated with the timeline - when the timeline advances to the corresponding progress node, the construction component unit status identification is switched synchronously, intuitively reflecting the actual progress of construction and realizing a three-dimensional linkage display of "time-space-status".

[0094] In this embodiment, the earthwork allocation path is obtained through the following steps:

[0095] Mark the three-dimensional coordinates of the material yard location, filling area and transportation road in the BIM three-dimensional model (when marking the three-dimensional coordinates of the transportation road, the geomembrane laying area and protective layer should be avoided, and the route planning should meet the mechanical operation space requirements during the geomembrane construction). At the same time, mark the sand and gravel particle size distribution data of each material yard and the material gradation requirements of each filling area.

[0096] Based on Dijkstra's algorithm and material gradation matching rules, the optimal transportation path from the material yard to the filling area is calculated, and material yard-filling area combinations with mismatched particle size distribution are excluded to generate a multi-path selection scheme.

[0097] By analyzing spatial conflicts in the BIM 3D model, obstacles and intersection conflict points in the transportation path (such as conflicts with existing buildings and geological barriers) are identified, and the avoidance route is automatically optimized according to the type of conflict point (rigid obstacle, flexible obstacle). For rigid obstacles, a fixed avoidance distance needs to be set, and for flexible obstacles, a dynamic avoidance zone needs to be set.

[0098] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment marks the coordinates and gradation data of material yards and filling areas in the BIM 3D model, providing an accurate basis for allocation path calculation; it selects the optimal path and eliminates mismatched combinations based on algorithms and gradation rules to ensure the quality of gravel filling; it identifies conflict points and optimizes routes through collision detection to avoid congestion of transportation paths or conflicts with dam structures (such as geomembrane areas) during the construction of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, thereby improving transportation efficiency and construction safety.

[0099] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the evaluation criteria for the optimal transportation route include route length, transportation cost, grade matching degree, and equipment loss rate.

[0100] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment clarifies that the evaluation criteria for the optimal transportation route cover length, cost, gradation matching degree, and equipment loss rate. This ensures that route selection takes into account efficiency, cost, quality, and equipment protection, avoids the one-sidedness of the scheme caused by a single standard, adapts to the multi-dimensional needs of large-scale earthwork transportation for ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, and improves the comprehensive rationality of the allocation scheme.

[0101] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the evaluation process for the optimal transportation route includes:

[0102] Using path length, transportation cost, gradation matching degree, and equipment loss rate as elements of the matrix rows and columns, and based on industry experience and construction requirements for earthwork transportation in water conservancy projects, a pairwise comparison judgment matrix for the evaluation criteria is constructed. Among them, when the gradation matching degree is compared with the importance of path length, transportation cost, and equipment loss rate, according to the structural characteristics of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, the importance of gradation matching degree is higher than that of path length, transportation cost, and equipment loss rate (e.g., the importance of gradation matching degree is 1.2-1.5 times that of the corresponding other evaluation criteria, that is, the element values ​​of "gradation matching degree - path length", "gradation matching degree - transportation cost", and "gradation matching degree - equipment loss rate" in the judgment matrix are set to 1.2-1.5, and the reverse comparison element value is set to 1 / (1.2-1.5)).

[0103] Calculate the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix, normalize the eigenvector, and obtain the weights of path length, transportation cost, grade matching degree, and equipment loss rate.

[0104] The rationality of the weight allocation is verified by a consistency test (CR<0.1). If the consistency ratio is not less than 0.1, the element values ​​in the judgment matrix are readjusted (the adjustment range still maintains the relative importance of the gradation matching degree at 1.2-1.5 times) until the consistency test is passed.

[0105] The evaluation criteria for each transportation route are quantified and scored. The route length is based on the formula: 100 - (actual distance - shortest distance) / shortest distance × 100. The transportation cost is based on the formula: 100 - (unit cost - minimum cost) / minimum cost × 100. The gradation matching degree is based on the formula: percentage of actual gradation matching with required gradation. The equipment loss rate is based on the formula: 100 - (estimated loss cost - baseline loss cost) / baseline loss cost × 100. These are converted into scores within the corresponding range of 0-100.

[0106] The comprehensive score for each transportation route is calculated using the formula: Route Overall Score = Route Length Score × Route Length Weight + Transportation Cost Score × Transportation Cost Weight + Allocation Matching Degree Score × Allocation Matching Degree Weight + Equipment Loss Rate Score × Equipment Loss Rate Weight. The route with the highest comprehensive score is then selected as the optimal transportation route.

[0107] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment ensures that the weight allocation of evaluation criteria is scientific and objective by constructing a judgment matrix, calculating weights, and conducting consistency checks, thus avoiding subjective experience bias. By using quantitative formulas to convert each evaluation index into a score and calculating a comprehensive score, the optimal path can be accurately selected, especially ensuring the weight of gradation matching degree, ensuring the quality of gravel filling in ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, and reducing quality hazards and cost waste caused by improper path selection.

[0108] In this embodiment, the construction plan is quantitatively analyzed using a multi-objective evaluation system to obtain the evaluation results, including:

[0109] The quantitative score for the construction period indicator is calculated using the formula: 100 - (Solution Construction Period - Shortest Feasible Construction Period) / Shortest Feasible Construction Period × 100, where a higher score indicates a better construction period. The quantitative score for the cost indicator is calculated using the formula: 100 - (Total Solution Cost - Lowest Estimated Cost) / Lowest Estimated Cost × 100, where a higher score indicates a better cost. The quantitative score for the resource utilization rate indicator is calculated using the formula: (Actual Resource Utilization Efficiency / Optimal Resource Utilization Efficiency) × 100, where a higher score indicates more efficient resource utilization. The quantitative score for the geomembrane joint quality control indicator is calculated using the formula: Geomembrane Joint Qualification Rate × 100, where a higher score indicates better joint quality.

[0110] The weights of each indicator are calculated using a combined weight model of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Entropy Weight Method (the combined weight model of AHP and the Entropy Weight Method is implemented as follows: first, the subjective weights are determined based on expert experience using the AHP; then, the objective weights are determined based on quantitative data using the Entropy Weight Method; finally, the comprehensive weights are obtained by merging them according to a preset ratio (e.g., subjective weights account for 60% and objective weights account for 40%)). Based on the construction priority of the ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, the comprehensive weights of the geomembrane joint quality control index and the cost index are dynamically adjusted according to the actual needs of the project. The comprehensive score of each construction scheme is calculated using the formula: Comprehensive Evaluation Score = Construction Period Score × Construction Period Weight + Cost Score × Cost Weight + Resource Utilization Rate Score × Resource Utilization Rate Weight + Geomembrane Joint Quality Control Score × Geomembrane Joint Quality Weight.

[0111] Based on quantitative scores and comprehensive evaluation scores, the advantages (e.g., Scheme A has the highest construction period score) and disadvantages (e.g., Scheme B has the lowest cost score) of each construction scheme are identified. Combined with the construction priority of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam (quality first, with consideration for cost and construction period), a comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages is formed, which serves as the direct basis for selecting the optimal construction scheme.

[0112] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment clarifies the quantitative formulas for each evaluation indicator, enabling the scheme evaluation to move away from subjective judgment and achieve objective comparability; it calculates the weights of indicators through a combined weight model and ensures the weights of key indicators (such as geomembrane joint quality and cost), ensuring that the evaluation aligns with the construction priority of ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams; and it clarifies the characteristics of the schemes through advantage and disadvantage analysis, providing a clear basis for selecting the optimal scheme and avoiding scheme selection errors caused by the lack of quantification and comprehensiveness in traditional evaluations.

[0113] In this embodiment, the optimal construction plan is dynamically adjusted based on on-site feedback data, including:

[0114] On-site construction data is collected through mobile terminals (equipped with GPS positioning modules and parameter sensors). Among them, the geomembrane laying tension value and gravel compaction degree in the construction data are collected according to a preset cycle (such as once per hour), and the construction equipment operation parameters (such as roller speed and dump truck load) in the construction data are collected in real time.

[0115] The collected construction data is compared with the corresponding preset parameters in the BIM 3D model. The parameter deviation rate of each construction stage is calculated using the formula: Deviation rate = |actual value of construction data - corresponding preset parameter| / corresponding preset parameter × 100%, and construction stages with deviation rates exceeding the preset threshold (e.g., 5%) are identified.

[0116] Based on the identified deviation types in the construction process, targeted adjustment suggestions are generated. Among them, parameter deviations (such as excessive geomembrane tension) correspond to specific correction values ​​(such as adjusting the tension from 9kN / m to 7kN / m), schedule deviations (such as a certain process being delayed by 2 days) correspond to process compression plans (such as adding one compaction machine to shorten the compaction time), and quality deviations (such as substandard compaction) correspond to rework and repair plans (such as compaction twice and retesting).

[0117] After applying the targeted adjustment suggestions to the optimal construction plan, a new 3D visualization model (updating the geometric and parameter information of the deviation links) and parameterized reports (updating resource configuration and process time data) are generated and synchronized to the 4D construction simulation environment, forming a closed-loop control of "collection-comparison-adjustment-update".

[0118] Based on the above, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment collects key construction data periodically or in real time via mobile terminals to achieve precise monitoring of the on-site construction status; it identifies threshold-exceeding links through deviation rate calculation and generates targeted adjustment suggestions to quickly resolve parameter, schedule, or quality deviation issues; it updates the visualization model and reports and synchronizes them to the 4D environment to ensure that the optimal scheme always adapts to the actual site conditions of the ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, avoiding construction delays or quality problems caused by the accumulation of deviations, and achieving continuous optimization of construction.

[0119] In summary, the BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes in this embodiment uses a BIM 3D model integrating topography, geology, hydraulic structures, construction equipment, and material properties as its data foundation. It achieves process visualization by constructing a 4D construction simulation environment through schedule correlation, completes quantitative screening of multiple schemes based on a multi-objective evaluation system, and forms a technical closed loop of modeling-simulation-evaluation-optimization-iteration by combining on-site feedback for dynamic adjustments. This method specifically addresses the problems of traditional construction schemes for ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, such as reliance on experience, insufficient simulation accuracy, and poor transmission of key elements. It not only improves the understandability and scientific validity of the scheme through 3D visualization models and parametric reports, but also adapts to the complexity of ultra-large dam construction through a dynamic adjustment mechanism. Ultimately, it achieves precise control over project quality (such as geomembrane joint quality), construction schedule, and cost resources, providing a feasible technical path for optimizing construction schemes for similar water conservancy projects.

[0120] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, code, or any suitable combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the processor may be implemented in one or more of the following: application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to implement the functions described herein, or combinations thereof. For software implementation, some or all of the processes of the embodiments may be performed by a computer program instructing the associated hardware. During implementation, the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable storage medium. Computer-readable storage media include computer storage media and communication media, wherein communication media include any medium that facilitates the transmission of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media may be any available medium accessible to a computer. Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code having the form of instructions or data structures and accessible to a computer.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes, characterized in that, The method includes: A BIM 3D model of a geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam is established. The BIM 3D model includes a topographic and geological module for characterizing topographic and geological morphology and geological stratification data, a hydraulic structure module for characterizing dam structure and construction component information, a construction equipment module for characterizing construction equipment type and operating parameters, and a material property module for characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of geomembrane and gravel. The process of creating the BIM 3D model includes: Topographic survey data is processed using terrain data processing software to generate a terrain surface model with contour lines and geological layers; The construction component units of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam are established using BIM modeling software. The construction component units include geomembrane laying units, gravel compaction units, and ramp structure units. The terrain surface model is integrated with each construction component unit, and the parameter association and synchronous update between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are realized through the data interface. The integrated BIM 3D model was tested for construction compatibility to ensure that the spatial position of each construction component unit conformed to the structural design specifications of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, and that the parameter settings of each construction component unit met the construction process standards. The integration of the terrain surface model with each construction component unit, and the realization of parameter association and synchronous update between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit through a data interface, includes: The coordinate system, geological stratification data, and spatial positioning parameters of each construction component unit of the terrain surface model are uniformly calibrated using the IFC data exchange standard. Then, each construction component unit is precisely positioned and integrated into the corresponding construction area of ​​the terrain surface model according to the design drawings of the geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, forming a complete BIM 3D model of the dam. Simultaneously, parameter association and synchronous updates between the terrain surface model and each construction component unit are achieved through a data interface. The parameter association and synchronous update include: when the geological layer data of the terrain surface model is modified, the unit parameters of the construction component units in the corresponding construction area are automatically adapted and adjusted; when the unit parameters of the construction component units are updated, the construction area annotation information of the terrain surface model is updated synchronously. The construction schedule is linked with the BIM 3D model to build a 4D construction simulation environment, and the construction process is dynamically visualized through the 4D construction simulation environment. Based on the 4D construction simulation environment, at least two different construction schemes are generated. The different construction schemes are formed based on the optimization of earthwork allocation path, the reorganization of flow operation procedures, or the difference in resource allocation. All of them meet the basic construction requirements of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam. The construction schemes are marked with earthwork allocation path, upper and lower reservoir ramp layout information, and flow operation procedures. A multi-objective evaluation system is established, and the construction plan is quantitatively analyzed through the multi-objective evaluation system to obtain the evaluation results. The indicators of the multi-objective evaluation system include the construction period indicator, cost indicator, resource utilization rate indicator, and geomembrane joint quality control indicator. The optimal construction scheme is selected based on the evaluation results, and the optimized results with a 3D visualization model and parametric reports are output. The 3D visualization model is generated by extracting the geometric information, material information, and construction progress correlation information of the BIM 3D model in the 4D construction simulation environment corresponding to the optimal construction scheme, and then performing lightweight processing. The parametric reports are generated by collecting quantitative analysis data from the multi-objective evaluation system, resource allocation data of the optimal construction scheme, and key process parameter data, and then calculating and integrating them according to a preset template. The optimal construction plan is dynamically adjusted based on on-site feedback data to continuously optimize the construction process.

2. The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of linking the construction schedule with the BIM 3D model to construct a 4D construction simulation environment includes: The construction schedule is broken down into weekly or monthly progress nodes according to the work process, and the construction content and time period corresponding to each progress node are clearly defined. The disassembled progress nodes are bound to the corresponding construction component units in the BIM 3D model, so that the display status of the construction component units is synchronized with the progress nodes. By using the timeline function of BIM software, information on progress nodes and construction component units is integrated to generate a dynamically playable 4D construction simulation environment.

3. The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The earthwork allocation path is obtained through the following steps: In the BIM 3D model, mark the 3D coordinates of the material yard location, filling area and transportation road, and mark the sand and gravel particle size distribution data of each material yard and the material gradation requirements of each filling area. Based on Dijkstra's algorithm and material gradation matching rules, the optimal transportation path from the material yard to the filling area is calculated, and material yard-filling area combinations with mismatched particle size distribution are excluded to generate a multi-path selection scheme. The spatial conflict analysis of the BIM 3D model identifies obstacles and intersection conflict points in the transportation path, and automatically optimizes the avoidance route according to the type of conflict point.

4. The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The evaluation criteria for the optimal transportation route include route length, transportation cost, grade matching degree, and equipment loss rate.

5. The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The evaluation process for the optimal transportation route includes: Using path length, transportation cost, gradation matching degree, and equipment loss rate as elements of the matrix rows and columns, and setting matrix element values ​​based on industry experience and construction requirements for earthwork transportation in water conservancy projects, a pairwise comparison judgment matrix for evaluation criteria is constructed. Among them, when comparing the importance of gradation matching degree with path length, transportation cost, and equipment loss rate, according to the structural characteristics of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dams, the importance of gradation matching degree is higher than that of path length, transportation cost, and equipment loss rate. Calculate the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix, normalize the eigenvector, and obtain the weights of path length, transportation cost, grade matching degree, and equipment loss rate. The consistency test verifies the rationality of the weight allocation. If the consistency ratio is not less than 0.1, the element values ​​in the judgment matrix are readjusted until the consistency test is passed. The evaluation criteria for each transportation route are quantified and scored. The route length is based on the formula: 100 - (actual distance - shortest distance) / shortest distance × 100. The transportation cost is based on the formula: 100 - (unit cost - minimum cost) / minimum cost × 100. The gradation matching degree is based on the formula: percentage of actual gradation matching with required gradation. The equipment loss rate is based on the formula: 100 - (estimated loss cost - baseline loss cost) / baseline loss cost × 100. These are converted into scores within the corresponding range of 0-100. The comprehensive score of each transportation path is calculated using the formula: Path Comprehensive Score = Path Length Score × Path Length Weight + Transportation Cost Score × Transportation Cost Weight + Allocation Matching Score × Allocation Matching Weight + Equipment Loss Rate Score × Equipment Loss Rate Weight. The path with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the optimal transportation path.

6. The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative analysis of the construction plan using the multi-objective evaluation system to obtain the evaluation results includes: The quantitative score for the construction period indicator is calculated using the formula: 100 - (Solution Construction Period - Shortest Feasible Construction Period) / Shortest Feasible Construction Period × 100, where a higher score indicates a better construction period. The quantitative score for the cost indicator is calculated using the formula: 100 - (Total Solution Cost - Lowest Estimated Cost) / Lowest Estimated Cost × 100, where a higher score indicates a better cost. The quantitative score for the resource utilization rate indicator is calculated using the formula: (Actual Resource Utilization Efficiency / Optimal Resource Utilization Efficiency) × 100, where a higher score indicates more efficient resource utilization. The quantitative score for the geomembrane joint quality control indicator is calculated using the formula: Geomembrane Joint Qualification Rate × 100, where a higher score indicates better joint quality. The weights of each indicator are calculated using a weight model combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method. The comprehensive weights of the geomembrane joint quality control indicator and the cost indicator are dynamically adjusted according to the actual needs of the project, based on the construction priority of the ultra-large geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam. The comprehensive score of each construction scheme is calculated according to the formula: Comprehensive evaluation score = Construction period score × Construction period weight + Cost score × Cost weight + Resource utilization rate score × Resource utilization rate weight + Geomembrane joint quality control score × Geomembrane joint quality weight. Based on quantitative scores and comprehensive evaluation scores, the advantages and disadvantages of each construction scheme are identified. Combined with the construction priority of geomembrane gravel inclined wall dam, a comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages is formed, which serves as a direct basis for selecting the optimal construction scheme.

7. The BIM-assisted simulation and optimization method for water conservancy engineering construction schemes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned dynamic adjustment of the optimal construction plan based on on-site feedback data includes: On-site construction data is collected via mobile terminals. The geomembrane laying tension value and gravel compaction degree in the construction data are collected according to a preset cycle, and the operating parameters of the construction equipment in the construction data are collected in real time. The collected construction data is compared with the corresponding preset parameters in the BIM 3D model. The parameter deviation rate of each construction stage is calculated using the formula: Deviation rate = |actual value of construction data - corresponding preset parameter| / corresponding preset parameter × 100%, and construction stages with deviation rates exceeding the preset threshold are identified. Based on the identified deviation types in the construction process, targeted adjustment suggestions are generated. Among them, parameter deviations correspond to specific correction values, schedule deviations correspond to process compression plans, and quality deviations correspond to rework and repair plans. After applying the targeted adjustment suggestions to the optimal construction plan, the three-dimensional visualization model and parameterized reports are regenerated and synchronized to the 4D construction simulation environment.

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