A selenium-enriched rapeseed straw mushroom cultivation water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a water and fertilizer co-irrigation device for mushroom cultivation using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, relating to the field of water and fertilizer co-irrigation technology. It includes a clean water storage mechanism for storing clean water, a straw storage mechanism for storing chopped selenium-enriched rapeseed straw on one side of the clean water storage mechanism, a fermentation storage mechanism for fermenting and storing the selenium-enriched rapeseed straw and water and fertilizer on the lower side of the straw storage mechanism, and a supply mechanism for different irrigation methods based on different types of mushrooms on one side of the fermentation storage mechanism. Through the collaborative work of a machine vision system—camera and judgment module integrated in the supply mechanism—the system can identify the types of mushrooms (such as oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and king oyster mushrooms) in the cultivation area in real time and intelligently adjust irrigation parameters accordingly. This differentiated irrigation strategy based on crop physiological characteristics effectively solves problems such as necrosis and incomplete nutrient absorption caused by improper irrigation methods in traditional mushroom cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertigation technology, specifically to a fertigation device for growing mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw. Background Technology

[0002] When cultivating mushrooms, selenium-enriched rapeseed straw is used for fertigation, with the core principle being the creation of a "waste-to-treasure" circular agriculture model. This transforms potentially discarded rapeseed straw into liquid fertilizer rich in selenium and various nutrients, which is then supplied to the mushrooms through a precision irrigation system. This allows the mushrooms to efficiently accumulate selenium during their growth, ultimately producing high-value-added "selenium-enriched functional mushrooms," achieving a value leap from agricultural waste to high-end agricultural products.

[0003] This approach not only solves the environmental problem of straw disposal and reduces fertilizer purchase costs, but also significantly enhances the nutritional value and market competitiveness of mushrooms through selenium biofortification technology. It transcends the function of ordinary water and fertilizer that merely provides basic nutrients, upgrading mushroom cultivation into a resource-recycling, environmentally friendly, and economically beneficial production system.

[0004] In current practices of fertigation in mushroom cultivation, a rudimentary model relying on manual labor is prevalent: workers first mix crushed selenium-enriched rapeseed straw with water, and through a period of biological fermentation, convert it into a liquid fertilizer rich in selenium and various organic nutrients. Subsequently, the fermented functional fertilizer still needs to be applied manually to the mushrooms in cultivation.

[0005] This fully manual irrigation method is not only cumbersome, labor-intensive, and inefficient, but also exposes significant technical adaptability issues due to the diversity of mushroom species. Different mushroom species exhibit marked differences in their growth characteristics, water requirements, and nutrient absorption mechanisms, objectively necessitating differentiated and precise irrigation strategies. However, because on-site workers generally lack systematic knowledge of cultivation physiology and professional irrigation techniques, they often tend to adopt a uniform, extensive irrigation model in practice, failing to adapt irrigation methods to the specific characteristics of each variety. This leads to a mismatch between irrigation water and nutrient supply and the actual needs of the crop, resulting in poor fruiting body development, damage to the mycorrhizal system, and even necrosis and rot. Ultimately, this results in low water and fertilizer resource utilization, reduced yield, and decreased quality.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to design a water and fertilizer co-irrigation device that automatically irrigates mushrooms and automatically switches irrigation methods according to the type of mushroom. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water and fertilizer co-irrigation device for growing mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water and fertilizer co-irrigation device for growing mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, comprising a water storage mechanism for storing clean water, a straw storage mechanism for storing chopped selenium-enriched rapeseed straw on one side of the water storage mechanism, a fermentation storage mechanism for fermenting and storing the selenium-enriched rapeseed straw and water and fertilizer on the lower side of the straw storage mechanism, and a supply mechanism for different irrigation methods according to different types of mushrooms on one side of the fermentation storage mechanism.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the clean water storage mechanism includes a liquid tank, four support legs are fixedly connected to the lower side of the liquid tank, an outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of the liquid tank, an inlet valve is fixedly connected to the input end of the liquid tank, a platform is fixedly connected to the upper side of the liquid tank, a staircase is fixedly connected to one side of the platform, and guardrails are fixedly connected to the upper side of both the platform and the staircase.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the straw storage mechanism includes a storage box, four support legs are fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box, and several discharge cylinders are fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box. Each discharge cylinder passes through the storage box, and a first motor is fixedly connected to the outer side of the discharge cylinder. The output end of the first motor passes through the discharge cylinder and is fixedly connected to a rotating circular plate. One side of the rotating circular plate is connected to the discharge cylinder bearing through a rotating shaft.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the fermentation storage mechanism includes a base frame, on which a plurality of fermentation tanks are uniformly and fixedly connected. Each fermentation tank is equipped with a filter screen inside, and each fermentation tank is equipped with an electric valve on its upper side. Each fermentation tank is equipped with a storage tank on one side and the storage tank is fixedly connected to the base frame. A first water pump is equipped on one side of each fermentation tank and is fixedly connected to the base frame. A control box is equipped on one side of the first water pump and is fixedly connected to the base frame. The input end of the first water pump is fixedly connected to the other end of the outlet pipe. The output end of the first water pump is fixedly connected to a main pipe. A plurality of output ends are provided on the outside of the main pipe, and each output end of the main pipe is fixedly connected to a branch pipe.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the other end of the branch pipe is fixedly connected to the input end of the fermentation tank, a third water pump is fixedly connected to the outside of the fermentation tank, a fertilizer outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of the fermentation tank and the other end of the fertilizer outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the input end of the third water pump, a fertilizer inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of the third water pump and the other end of the fertilizer inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the input end of the storage tank, and a second water pump is fixedly connected to the outside of the storage tank and the input end of the second water pump is fixedly connected to the output end of the storage tank.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the supply mechanism includes a top plate, four support plates are fixedly connected to the lower side of the top plate, a soil box is provided on the lower side of the top plate, and several sliding grooves are provided inside the top plate. A three-way valve is fixedly connected to the output end of the second water pump, a first conveying pipe is fixedly connected to the upper output end of the three-way valve, the first conveying pipe is fixedly connected to the top plate, and a second conveying pipe is fixedly connected to the lower output end of the three-way valve.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, a camera is fixedly connected to the lower side of the top plate, and a second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper side of the top plate. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to an L-shaped slider, and the L-shaped slider is slidably connected to a groove. A first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper side of the L-shaped slider. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder passes through the L-shaped slider and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate. A plurality of mist nozzles are evenly fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate. A plurality of spray heads are evenly fixedly connected to the outer side of the first conveying pipe. A plurality of drip irrigation heads are evenly fixedly connected to the outer side of the second conveying pipe. The mist nozzle is located between two spray heads, and a sealing ring is fixedly connected to the upper side of each mist nozzle.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the control box is equipped with a database and a judgment module. The database contains identification photos of different types of mushrooms, and the camera is used to take pictures of the surface of the cultivated mushrooms.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, after the camera captures an image of the mushroom surface, it converts the image into an electrical signal and sends it to the judgment module. The judgment module compares the image with identification photos of different types of mushrooms in its internal database, identifies the type of mushroom in advance, and distinguishes the type of mushroom as water-resistant mushroom, non-water-resistant mushroom, and special mushroom based on the obtained photos of the mushroom surface.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: 1. Through an integrated fermentation and storage system, the system transforms chopped selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, an agricultural byproduct, into liquid fertilizer rich in selenium and various organic nutrients. This process not only solves the straw disposal problem but also converts inorganic selenium into an organic form easily absorbed by crops through microbial fermentation technology, significantly improving nutrient bioavailability. The coordinated operation of the water storage and straw storage systems, along with a precise liquid level sensor and weight monitoring system, ensures accurate raw material ratios, laying the foundation for a stable and efficient fermentation process. The resulting selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is stored in storage tanks. The parallel operation of fermentation and irrigation processes is achieved through the coordinated control of a second and third water pump, ensuring a continuous and stable supply of fertilizer. This closed-loop resource recycling model reduces dependence on external fertilizers and cultivates high-value-added selenium-enriched agricultural products, achieving a dual improvement in ecological and economic benefits.

[0018] 2. Through the integrated machine vision system in the supply unit—the collaborative work of the camera and judgment module—the system can identify the types of mushrooms (such as oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and king oyster mushrooms) in the cultivation area in real time and intelligently adjust irrigation parameters accordingly. When water-tolerant oyster mushrooms are identified, the system precisely connects the mist nozzle and the spray head through the precise coordination of the first and second hydraulic cylinders, and simultaneously opens the upper and lower output ends of the three-way valve to achieve coordinated operation of atomized humidification of the mushroom surface and drip irrigation fertilization of the root zone of the mushroom logs. For water-intolerant shiitake mushrooms, the system only activates the top atomization function to avoid excessive moisture in the root zone, which could lead to disease. For special varieties such as king oyster mushrooms, the system switches to a high-flow spray mode to precisely moisten the soil layer. This differentiated irrigation strategy based on crop physiological characteristics effectively solves the problems of necrosis and incomplete nutrient absorption caused by improper irrigation methods in traditional mushroom cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a water and fertilizer co-irrigation device for growing mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clean water storage mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the straw storage mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the straw storage mechanism in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fermentation and storage mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fermentation and storage mechanism from another perspective in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the supply mechanism in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the supply mechanism in this invention; Figure 9 In this invention Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of area A; In the diagram: 1. Clean water storage mechanism; 11. Liquid tank; 12. Support leg; 13. Liquid outlet pipe; 14. Liquid inlet valve; 15. Platform; 16. Stairs; 17. Guardrail; 2. Straw storage mechanism; 21. Storage bin; 22. Discharge cylinder; 23. First motor; 24. Support leg; 25. Tilting disc; 3. Fermentation and storage mechanism; 31. Electric valve; 32. Main pipeline; 33. Branch pipeline; 34. Fermentation tank; 341. Third water pump; 342. Fertilizer outlet pipe; 343. Fertilizer inlet pipe; 35. First water pump; 36. Control box; 37. Base frame; 38. Second water pump; 39. Storage tank; 4. Supply mechanism; 41. Top plate; 411. Chute; 42. Support plate; 43. Soil tank; 44. First delivery pipe; 441. Sprinkler head; 442. Mist nozzle; 443. Connecting plate; 45. Three-way valve; 46. Second delivery pipe; 461. Drip irrigation head; 47. Camera; 48. First hydraulic cylinder; 481. L-shaped slider; 49. Second hydraulic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a water and fertilizer co-irrigation device for growing mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, comprising a clean water storage mechanism 1 for storing clean water, a straw storage mechanism 2 for storing chopped selenium-enriched rapeseed straw on one side of the clean water storage mechanism 1, a fermentation storage mechanism 3 for fermenting and storing the selenium-enriched rapeseed straw and water and fertilizer on the lower side of the straw storage mechanism 2, and a supply mechanism 4 for different irrigation methods according to different types of mushrooms on one side of the fermentation storage mechanism 3.

[0022] Please see Figure 2The clean water storage mechanism 1 includes a liquid tank 11, four support legs 12 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the liquid tank 11, an outlet pipe 13 is fixedly connected to the output end of the liquid tank 11, an inlet valve 14 is fixedly connected to the input end of the liquid tank 11, a platform 15 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the liquid tank 11, a staircase 16 is fixedly connected to one side of the platform 15, and guardrails 17 are fixedly connected to the upper side of both the platform 15 and the staircase 16.

[0023] The specific description of the above structure is as follows: The liquid tank 11 is equipped with a liquid level sensor to monitor the amount of clean water stored inside the liquid tank 11 and the amount of clean water delivered in real time. The liquid tank 11 is used to store clean water and deliver the clean water to the fermentation storage mechanism 3 inside the liquid tank 11. When the clean water inside the liquid tank 11 is insufficient, the staff can go up to the platform 15, open the liquid inlet valve 14, and pour clean water into the liquid tank 11.

[0024] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The straw storage mechanism 2 includes a storage box 21. Four support legs 24 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box 21. Several discharge cylinders 22 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box 21. Each discharge cylinder 22 passes through the storage box 21. A first motor 23 is fixedly connected to the outside of the discharge cylinder 22. The output end of the first motor 23 passes through the discharge cylinder 22 and is fixedly connected to a rotating circular plate 25. One side of the rotating circular plate 25 is connected to the bearing of the discharge cylinder 22 through a rotating shaft.

[0025] The specific description of the above structure is as follows: The storage bin 21 is used to store shredded selenium-enriched rapeseed straw. The storage bin 21 is equipped with a weight sensor to monitor the weight of the shredded selenium-enriched rapeseed straw inside the storage bin 21 and the weight of the shredded selenium-enriched rapeseed straw being transported out in real time. When there is not enough shredded selenium-enriched rapeseed straw inside the storage bin 21, the staff will climb onto the platform 15 and pour the shredded selenium-enriched rapeseed straw into the storage bin 21.

[0026] The rotation of the output end of the first motor 23 is used to drive the rotating disc 25 to rotate inside the discharge cylinder 22. When it is necessary to send the chopped selenium-enriched rape straw into the fermentation tank 34 through the discharge cylinder 22, the output end of the first motor 23 rotates clockwise by 90 degrees, driving the rotating disc 25 to rotate, thereby opening the outlet of the discharge cylinder 22. When the output end of the first motor 23 rotates counterclockwise by 90 degrees, the rotating disc 25 rotates counterclockwise, thereby closing the outlet of the discharge cylinder 22.

[0027] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6The fermentation storage mechanism 3 includes a base frame 37, on which several fermentation tanks 34 are uniformly fixedly connected. Each fermentation tank 34 has a filter screen inside and an electric valve 31 on its upper side. Each fermentation tank 34 has a storage tank 39 on one side and is fixedly connected to the base frame 37. A first water pump 35 is provided on one side of the fermentation tank 34 and is fixedly connected to the base frame 37. A control box 36 is provided on one side of the first water pump 35 and is fixedly connected to the base frame 37. The input end of the first water pump 35 is fixedly connected to the other end of the outlet pipe 13. The output end of the first water pump 35 is fixedly connected to a main pipe 32. Several output ends are provided on the outside of the main pipe 32. Each output end of the main pipe 32 is fixedly connected to a branch pipe 33.

[0028] The other end of the branch pipe 33 is fixedly connected to the input end of the fermentation tank 34. A third water pump 341 is fixedly connected to the outside of the fermentation tank 34. A fertilizer outlet pipe 342 is fixedly connected to the output end of the fermentation tank 34, and the other end of the fertilizer outlet pipe 342 is fixedly connected to the input end of the third water pump 341. A fertilizer inlet pipe 343 is fixedly connected to the output end of the third water pump 341, and the other end of the fertilizer inlet pipe 343 is fixedly connected to the input end of the storage tank 39. A second water pump 38 is fixedly connected to the outside of the storage tank 39, and the input end of the second water pump 38 is fixedly connected to the output end of the storage tank 39.

[0029] The specific explanation based on the above structure is as follows: In the automated preparation and supply system of selenium-enriched organic liquid fertilizer, the core function of the filter screen is to achieve effective solid-liquid separation of the crushed selenium-enriched rape straw residue after fermentation inside the fermentation tank 34.

[0030] When the system needs to execute a new round of liquid fertilizer preparation process rich in selenium and various organic nutrients, the operator must first remove the fermented residue of selenium-enriched rapeseed straw remaining inside fermentation tank 34. This residue can be used as a high-quality selenium-enriched organic base fertilizer or top dressing, and can be directly applied to the casing layer of mushroom cultivation to achieve nutrient recycling.

[0031] Subsequently, in order to start a new round of fermentation, specific microbial agents need to be added to fermentation tank 34, which aims to efficiently accelerate the degradation of straw cellulose and promote the bioconversion of all inorganic selenium into organic selenium, which is more easily absorbed and utilized by crops.

[0032] During the feeding stage, the electric valve 31 located above the fermentation tank 34 (its working principle is: the valve core is driven to rotate by a motor, thereby realizing the on-off control of the pipeline) opens after receiving the command. Simultaneously, the first motor 23 controlling the discharge port of the discharge cylinder 22 starts, and its output shaft performs a 90-degree clockwise rotation, which drives the flipping disc 25 at the bottom of the discharge cylinder 22 to open through a coupling or transmission mechanism, so that the pre-crushed selenium-rich rapeseed straw can be quantitatively and evenly fed into the fermentation tank 34.

[0033] When the weighing sensor or level gauge detects that the feeding amount has reached the preset process parameters, the control system sends a reverse command to the first motor 23, causing its output shaft to rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise, driving the flipping disc 25 to reset, thereby tightly closing the discharge port of the discharge cylinder 22 and ensuring the accuracy and sealing of the feeding process.

[0034] After the feeding process is completed, the system starts the first water pump 35 to transport a preset amount of process water from the raw water tank to the fermentation tank 34 until the liquid level sensor indicates that the predetermined volume has been reached. At this point, the first water pump 35 automatically stops running, marking the completion of the pretreatment stage of the entire fermentation substrate, and the micro-ecological environment within the fermentation tank 34 officially enters the set biological fermentation stage.

[0035] While fermentation takes place in the main fermentation tank 34, the parallel storage tank 39 in the system already contains mature selenium-rich organic liquid fertilizer from the previous batch that has completed fermentation. The system pumps the finished fertilizer liquid from the storage tank 39 out through the second water pump 38, and delivers it to the designated mushroom cultivation area through the irrigation network formed by the parallel first delivery pipe 44 and the second delivery pipe 46 to meet the water and fertilizer needs of different growth stages.

[0036] When the liquid level monitoring system detects that the fertilizer liquid level in storage tank 39 has dropped to the low threshold, the third water pump 341 immediately responds, pumping all the mature selenium-rich organic liquid fertilizer that has completed fermentation and is currently settling in fermentation tank 34 to storage tank 39 for temporary storage and standby. This automated transfer process ensures a continuous and stable supply of fertilizer to the irrigation system, forming a complete closed-loop automated water and fertilizer synergistic supply system of "fermentation-storage-application".

[0037] Please see Figure 7 - Figure 9 The supply mechanism 4 includes a top plate 41, four support plates 42 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the top plate 41, a soil box 43 is provided on the lower side of the top plate 41, and a number of sliding grooves 411 are provided inside the top plate 41. A three-way valve 45 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second water pump 38. A first conveying pipe 44 is fixedly connected to the upper output end of the three-way valve 45. The first conveying pipe 44 is fixedly connected to the top plate 41. A second conveying pipe 46 is fixedly connected to the lower output end of the three-way valve 45. The second conveying pipe 46 passes through the soil box 43.

[0038] The specific description of the above structure is as follows: the soil tank 43 is used to place soil for growing mushrooms, and the three-way valve 45 is used to control the direction of the water source. When the upper output end and the lower output end are opened, water and fertilizer enter the interior of the first delivery pipe 44 and the second delivery pipe 46. When the upper output end is opened and the lower output end is closed, water and fertilizer enter the interior of the first delivery pipe 44. When the upper output end is closed and the lower output end is opened, water and fertilizer enter the interior of the second delivery pipe 46.

[0039] A camera 47 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the top plate 41, and a second hydraulic cylinder 49 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the top plate 41. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 49 is fixedly connected to an L-shaped slider 481, and the L-shaped slider 481 is slidably connected to the slide groove 411. A first hydraulic cylinder 48 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the L-shaped slider 481. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 48 passes through the L-shaped slider 481 and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 443. Several mist nozzles 442 are evenly fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate 443. Several spray heads 441 are evenly fixedly connected to the outer side of the first delivery pipe 44. Several drip heads 461 are evenly fixedly connected to the outer side of the second delivery pipe 46. The mist nozzles 442 are located between two spray heads 441. A sealing ring is fixedly connected to the upper side of each mist nozzle 442.

[0040] The specific explanation based on the above structure is as follows: the extension and retraction of the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 49 is used to drive the L-shaped slider 481 to slide along the slide groove 411, thereby driving the connecting plate 443 to slide, and then sliding the mist nozzle 442 directly below the spray head 441 or sliding the mist nozzle 442 to the middle of the two spray heads 441. The extension and retraction of the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 48 is used to drive the mist nozzle 442 to move up or down, thereby bringing the input end of the mist nozzle 442 close to the output end of the spray head 441 or moving the input end of the mist nozzle 442 away from the output end of the spray head 441.

[0041] Sprinkler head 441 is used to spray out a large amount of water and fertilizer, mist nozzle 442 is used to spray out a mist of water and fertilizer, and drip irrigation head 461 is used to drip out a small amount of water and fertilizer.

[0042] The control box 36 contains a database and a judgment module. The database contains identification photos of different types of mushrooms, and the camera 47 is used to take pictures of the surface of the cultivated mushrooms.

[0043] After the camera 47 captures an image of the mushroom surface, it converts the image into an electrical signal and sends it to the judgment module. The judgment module compares the image with identification photos of different types of mushrooms in its internal database, identifies the type of mushroom in advance, and classifies the mushroom into water-resistant mushrooms, non-water-resistant mushrooms, and special mushrooms based on the captured image of the mushroom surface.

[0044] After system initialization, the high-resolution camera 47 begins acquiring crop image data. Real-time image recognition is performed using a built-in deep learning algorithm. When oyster mushroom fruiting bodies are detected within the cultivation area, the judgment module classifies them as water-resistant mushrooms.

[0045] The system immediately initiates the precision irrigation program: the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 49 extends as instructed, driving the mist nozzle 442 to precisely move along the slide rail to the positioning point directly below the main sprinkler head 441. Subsequently, the first hydraulic cylinder 48 retracts, axially connecting the upper interface of the mist nozzle 442 with the lower outlet of the main sprinkler head 441 via a mechanical linkage device. Thanks to the special rubber sealing ring embedded in the upper surface of the mist nozzle 442, the two form a completely sealed connection interface after engagement, effectively preventing water and fertilizer leakage under high-pressure conditions.

[0046] At this time, the intelligent three-way valve 45 simultaneously opens its upper and lower output ports, and the selenium-enriched water-fertilizer solution is transported to the parallel network composed of the first delivery pipe 44 and the second delivery pipe 46. Among them, the water-fertilizer in the first delivery pipe 44 is accelerated by the main spray head 441 and injected into the vortex chamber of the mist nozzle 442. Through the cavitation effect, the liquid flow is broken into a group of droplets with a diameter of 15-60 micrometers, continuously maintaining a suitable humidity environment on the surface of the oyster mushroom. At the same time, the water-fertilizer in the second delivery pipe 46 is applied to the root zone of the mushroom stick at a small flow rate through the embedded pressure-compensated drip irrigation head 461, realizing the synergistic replenishment of water and selenium.

[0047] When the vision system identifies a shiitake mushroom fruiting body, the judgment module classifies it as a water-intolerant mushroom. Although the actuator also completes the docking and sealing process between the mist nozzle 442 and the main spray head 441, the intelligent three-way valve 45 only opens the upper output end and closes the lower end, allowing water and fertilizer to be supplied exclusively to the first delivery pipe 44 system. While forming a protective water film on the surface of the mushroom through atomized spraying, the system intelligently terminates irrigation of the root zone. This design completely avoids the quality risks of water stains, browning, or even rotting on the shiitake mushroom caps due to excessive moisture in the culture medium.

[0048] When the detected object is *Stropharia macrocarpa*, the judgment module classifies it as a special mushroom, and the system automatically activates a special crop irrigation mode. With the output end of the intelligent three-way valve 45 open, the main sprinkler head 441 switches to a high-flow-rate spray mode, covering the entire soil layer of the cultivation bed with selenium-enriched water and fertilizer in a fan-shaped mist. This directional spraying strategy ensures that the moisture content of the cultivated layer is stably maintained within the optimal range of 70%-75%, satisfying the physiological water requirements of the mycelium while promoting the bioavailability conversion of selenium in the soil through water and fertilizer infiltration.

[0049] Through the integrated fermentation and storage unit 3, the system transforms chopped selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, an agricultural byproduct, into liquid fertilizer rich in selenium and various organic nutrients. This process not only solves the straw disposal problem but also converts inorganic selenium into an organic form easily absorbed by crops through microbial fermentation technology, significantly improving nutrient bioavailability. The coordinated operation of the water storage unit 1 and the straw storage unit 2, through a precise liquid level sensor and weight monitoring system, ensures the accuracy of raw material ratios, laying the foundation for a stable and efficient fermentation process. The produced selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is stored in storage tank 39. Through the coordinated control of the second water pump 38 and the third water pump 341, the fermentation and irrigation processes are operated in parallel, ensuring a continuous and stable supply of fertilizer. This closed-loop resource recycling model reduces dependence on external fertilizers and cultivates high-value-added selenium-enriched agricultural products, achieving a dual improvement in ecological and economic benefits.

[0050] Through the collaborative work of the machine vision system—camera 47—integrated in the supply mechanism 4 and the judgment module, the system can identify the types of mushrooms (such as oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and king oyster mushrooms) in the cultivation area in real time and intelligently adjust irrigation parameters accordingly. When water-tolerant oyster mushrooms are identified, the system precisely connects the mist nozzle 442 and the spray nozzle 441 through the precise coordination of the first hydraulic cylinder 48 and the second hydraulic cylinder 49, and simultaneously opens the upper and lower output ends of the three-way valve 45 to achieve coordinated operation of atomized humidification of the mushroom surface and drip irrigation fertilization of the root zone of the mushroom log. For water-intolerant shiitake mushrooms, the system only activates the top atomization function to avoid excessive moisture in the root zone leading to disease. For special varieties such as king oyster mushrooms, the system switches to a high-flow spray mode to precisely moisten the soil layer. This differentiated irrigation strategy based on crop physiological characteristics effectively solves the problems of necrosis and incomplete nutrient absorption caused by improper irrigation methods in traditional mushroom cultivation.

[0051] The various mechanisms of this equipment form a highly coordinated and interconnected relationship through an intelligent control system. The clean water storage mechanism 1 and the straw storage mechanism 2 serve as raw material supply units, providing precisely proportioned production raw materials to the fermentation storage mechanism 3. The fermented selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is transported to the supply mechanism 4 via a pumping system. The supply mechanism 4, based on visual recognition results, controls the three-way valve 45, hydraulic cylinder assembly, and nozzle system to apply the appropriate water and fertilizer to the corresponding mushroom variety in the optimal manner. The entire process forms a fully automated closed loop from "raw material processing - fermentation and fertilizer production - visual recognition - precision irrigation." Through data sharing and command linkage, the various mechanisms jointly realize the integrated intelligent operation of selenium-enriched rapeseed straw resource utilization and precision mushroom irrigation.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer co-irrigation device for growing mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw, comprising a clean water storage mechanism (1) for storing clean water, characterized in that, The water storage mechanism (1) has a straw storage mechanism (2) for storing chopped selenium-rich rapeseed straw on one side. The straw storage mechanism (2) has a fermentation storage mechanism (3) for fermenting and storing selenium-rich rapeseed straw and water fertilizer on the lower side. The fermentation storage mechanism (3) has a supply mechanism (4) for different irrigation methods according to different types of mushrooms on one side. The fermentation storage mechanism (3) includes a base frame (37), and several fermentation tanks (34) are uniformly fixedly connected to the upper side of the base frame (37). Each fermentation tank (34) has a storage tank (39) on one side and the storage tank (39) is fixedly connected to the base frame (37). A first water pump (35) is provided on one side of the fermentation tank (34) and the first water pump (35) is fixedly connected to the base frame (37). A control box (36) is provided on one side of the first water pump (35) and the control box (36) is fixedly connected to the base frame (37). A second water pump (38) is fixedly connected to the outside of the storage tank (39) and the input end of the second water pump (38) is fixedly connected to the output end of the storage tank (39). The supply mechanism (4) includes a top plate (41), the top plate (41) has several grooves (411) inside, the output end of the second water pump (38) is fixedly connected to a three-way valve (45), the upper output end of the three-way valve (45) is fixedly connected to a first delivery pipe (44), the first delivery pipe (44) is fixedly connected to the top plate (41), the lower output end of the three-way valve (45) is fixedly connected to a second delivery pipe (46), the lower side of the top plate (41) is fixedly connected to a camera (47), the outer side of the first delivery pipe (44) is evenly fixedly connected to several spray heads (441), and the outer side of the second delivery pipe (46) is evenly fixedly connected to several drip irrigation heads (461). A second hydraulic cylinder (49) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the top plate (41). The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (49) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped slider (481), and the L-shaped slider (481) is slidably connected to the slide groove (411). A first hydraulic cylinder (48) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the L-shaped slider (481). The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (48) passes through the L-shaped slider (481) and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (443). A plurality of mist nozzles (442) are uniformly fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate (443). The mist nozzles (442) are located between two spray heads (441). A sealing ring is fixedly connected to the upper side of each mist nozzle (442). The extension and retraction of the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (49) is used to drive the L-shaped slider (481) to slide along the slide groove (411), thereby driving the connecting plate (443) to slide, and then sliding the mist nozzle (442) directly below the spray head (441) or sliding the mist nozzle (442) to the middle of the two spray heads (441). The extension and retraction of the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (48) is used to drive the mist nozzle (442) to move up or down, thereby bringing the input end of the mist nozzle (442) close to the output end of the spray head (441) or moving the input end of the mist nozzle (442) away from the output end of the spray head (441).

2. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, Four support plates (42) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the top plate (41), and a soil box (43) is provided on the lower side of the top plate (41).

3. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control box (36) is equipped with a database and a judgment module. The database contains identification photos of different types of mushrooms. The camera (47) is used to take pictures of the surface of the planted mushrooms.

4. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the camera (47) takes a picture of the mushroom surface, it will convert the picture into an electrical signal and send it to the judgment module. The judgment module will compare it with the identification photos of different types of mushrooms in the internal database, identify the type of mushroom in advance, and distinguish the type of mushroom as water-resistant mushroom, non-water-resistant mushroom and special mushroom based on the obtained mushroom surface photos.

5. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clean water storage mechanism (1) includes a liquid tank (11), four support legs (12) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the liquid tank (11), an outlet pipe (13) is fixedly connected to the output end of the liquid tank (11), an inlet valve (14) is fixedly connected to the input end of the liquid tank (11), a platform (15) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the liquid tank (11), a staircase (16) is fixedly connected to one side of the platform (15), and guardrails (17) are fixedly connected to the upper side of both the platform (15) and the staircase (16).

6. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 5, characterized in that, The straw storage mechanism (2) includes a storage box (21), four support legs (24) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box (21), and several discharge cylinders (22) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box (21). Each discharge cylinder (22) passes through the storage box (21). A first motor (23) is fixedly connected to the outside of the discharge cylinder (22). The output end of the first motor (23) passes through the discharge cylinder (22) and is fixedly connected to a rotating disc (25). One side of the rotating disc (25) is connected to the bearing of the discharge cylinder (22) through a rotating shaft.

7. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each fermenter (34) is equipped with a filter screen inside, and each fermenter (34) is equipped with an electric valve (31) on its upper side. The input end of the first water pump (35) is fixedly connected to the other end of the liquid outlet pipe (13). The output end of the first water pump (35) is fixedly connected to a main pipe (32). Several output ends are provided on the outside of the main pipe (32). Each output end of the main pipe (32) is fixedly connected to a branch pipe (33).

8. The water and fertilizer co-irrigation equipment for cultivating mushrooms using selenium-enriched rapeseed straw according to claim 7, characterized in that, The other end of the branch pipe (33) is fixedly connected to the input end of the fermentation tank (34). A third water pump (341) is fixedly connected to the outside of the fermentation tank (34). A fertilizer outlet pipe (342) is fixedly connected to the output end of the fermentation tank (34), and the other end of the fertilizer outlet pipe (342) is fixedly connected to the input end of the third water pump (341). A fertilizer inlet pipe (343) is fixedly connected to the output end of the third water pump (341), and the other end of the fertilizer inlet pipe (343) is fixedly connected to the input end of the storage tank (39).

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