Automobile shift shaft and processing method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of shaft machining, in particular to an automobile gear shift shaft and a processing method thereof; the gear shift shaft body needs to be processed with multiple radial holes, and there is a specific angle relationship between the hole axes; the core processing method is implemented based on a turning-milling compound machine tool, mainly including three stages: first, the clamping state of the gear shift shaft is synchronously detected by multiple sensors, data fusion analysis is carried out by a central processing unit, and the chuck is cooperatively corrected by driving an execution mechanism to optimize the clamping precision; second, in the index positioning, pre-compensation calculation is carried out based on the target angle, pre-calibration parameters and residual deviation, and the index error is real-time compensated by using a micro-motion mechanism; finally, in the drilling process, the adaptive tool path is generated by scanning the to-be-processed curved surface, the drilling force and the tool state are real-time monitored, and the processing parameters are dynamically adjusted to suppress the drill deflection; the present application realizes high-precision and adaptive processing of complex angle hole systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft machining technology, specifically to an automotive shift shaft and its machining method. Background Technology

[0002] The shift shaft is a key component in the gear shifting mechanism of a car transmission. It is usually a slender shaft with the shift lever and shift fork connected to its two ends, respectively. When the driver operates the shift lever, the force is transmitted to the shift shaft, causing it to move or rotate. This, in turn, drives the shift fork to engage the synchronizer or gears, changing the gear meshing state within the transmission and thus achieving gear shifting.

[0003] The shift shaft has multiple radial holes, each corresponding to a different function. The positioning and locking holes are used to install positioning pins or locking bolts to precisely fix the shift fork on the shift shaft, while allowing the shift fork to slide axially on the shaft. For high-end cars, the positional accuracy of this type of radial hole is very high to ensure that the shift fork moves within the correct travel range, thereby improving the accuracy and smoothness of shifting.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, when drilling the shift shaft, the worker needs to manually place the shift shaft in the machining position and use a fixture to accurately align the cutting plane of the shift shaft in a specific direction before drilling. With this machining method, it is difficult to guarantee the positioning accuracy, which will affect the final radial hole forming operation.

[0005] Chinese patent application number CN202411142860.9 discloses a drilling equipment and processing method for gear shift shafts used in automobile production. The equipment includes a placement table, positioning components, a lifting seat, and a drill bit. The lifting seat has the drill bit mounted on it. Positioning components are located on both sides of the placement table. The placement table includes a support portion with two positioning frames. At least one positioning frame is rotatably connected to the support portion, and the support portion has an elastic element. Semi-circular positioning openings are located on both sides of the positioning frames. Semi-circular positioning parts are located within each positioning frame, and semi-circular gears are slidably mounted within these semi-circular positioning parts. An elastic telescopic element is located within the inner ring of one of the semi-circular gears, and a toggle element is connected to the telescopic element near its center. A rack that meshes with the semi-circular gears when the lifting seat descends is also provided. This drilling equipment and processing method for gear shift shafts used in automobile production can automatically align the radial hole with the cutting surface, reducing the tediousness of worker operations and lowering the labor intensity.

[0006] While the aforementioned documents can improve the ease of drilling shift shafts to some extent, they are insufficient to meet the actual precision requirements when machining shift shaft components in high-end automobiles. Specifically: First, during the machining of the shift shaft, the two ends of the shift shaft are clamped and fixed by different chucks. If the chuck itself is not flat, the installation height of the positioning element is deviated, or there is wear, the two ends of the shaft may not be on the same plane during the process of the chuck fixing the shift shaft.

[0007] In addition, when drilling the shaft with a power cutter head, the positions and angles of the holes on the shaft are not the same. Therefore, during the drilling process, the chuck needs to drive the shift shaft to rotate a certain angle so that the power cutter head can drill holes at different positions on the shaft. However, when the chuck drives the shift shaft to rotate, the radial runout and axial movement of its rotation axis, as well as the reverse clearance of the indexing mechanism, will directly cause the inter-hole angle accuracy to exceed the tolerance, affecting the final radial hole forming accuracy.

[0008] In addition, during dynamic drilling, there is a risk of the drill bit deviating from its position on the curved surface of the shaft, which affects the position accuracy of the hole. This is mainly because when the chisel edge of the drill bit first contacts the workpiece, it is in a point contact state on the arc surface, which is very easy to slip due to uneven force, causing the actual starting position of the drill hole to deviate from the preset center, directly affecting the position accuracy of the hole. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automotive shift shaft and its processing method, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for machining an automotive shift shaft. The shift shaft includes a spline block and a shaft body. Multiple radial holes are formed on the shaft body. The machining method is implemented using a milling-turning machine tool, which has an S1 chuck, an S2 chuck, and a power turret. The method includes the following steps: S100: After the shift shaft blank is clamped in the milling and turning machine tool, the clamping status data is detected synchronously by multiple sensors, and the central processing unit analyzes the data to determine the axis deviation of the S1 and S2 chucks, and then drives the actuator to perform coordinated correction of the clamping status, and shares the final axis deviation residual. S200: When a hole with a specific angle needs to be machined, the central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculations based on the target angle, pre-calibrated indexing mechanism parameters, and axis deviation residuals. During the rotation of the indexing mechanism drive chuck and shift shaft, the rotation angle error is monitored in real time by the angle detection element, and the micro-motion compensation mechanism is driven to perform real-time compensation, ultimately sharing the actual angle value. The S300 and power turret locate the target hole position based on the shared actual angle value. By scanning and detecting the curved contour of the part to be drilled, an adaptive cutting path is generated. During the drilling process, the drilling force and tool status are monitored in real time, and the tool path and machining parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data to suppress deviation.

[0011] Preferably, step S100 includes: S110. After clamping the shaft, simultaneously collect the radial runout data of the shaft, the distance difference between the two clamping plates and the reference surface of the shift shaft, the clamping thermal deformation data, and the clamping impact vibration energy data. S120. The central processing unit receives data and evaluates the clamping status of the data through a predetermined decision matrix algorithm, calculating the axial deviation and angle between the two clamping disks. S130. Based on the judgment result, the central processing unit instructs the execution mechanism to perform pose fine-tuning and / or clamping force adjustment, and dynamically monitors the feedback data until the radial runout and distance difference stabilize within the preset threshold range, thereby obtaining the final axis deviation residual and sharing it.

[0012] Preferably, the decision logic in step S120 includes: If the radial runout data or distance difference exceeds the threshold, and the thermal deformation and vibration energy are within the allowable range, it is determined to be a mechanical deviation, and the clamp position adjustment is performed. If the thermal deformation exceeds the threshold, the thermal compensation algorithm is activated; If the vibration energy exceeds the threshold, the clamping force adaptive adjustment mechanism is triggered.

[0013] Preferably, step S200 includes: S210 The central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculations using a prediction model based on the target angle, the indexing mechanism backlash value, the thermal error compensation amount, and the axis deviation residual. S220: The indexing mechanism drives the shift shaft to rotate, and the error between the actual rotation angle and the target angle is monitored in real time by the angle encoder. S230. The central processing unit drives the micro-motion compensation mechanism to perform precise compensation based on the error, and shares the stabilized actual angle value.

[0014] Preferably, the thermal error compensation amount in step S210 is calculated by monitoring the temperature rise of the indexing mechanism and based on the material thermal expansion model; the pre-compensation calculation adopts a prediction model based on historical data and real-time load.

[0015] Preferably, step S300 includes: S310. The system uses a scanning device integrated on the power turret to obtain the radius of curvature of the surface to be drilled. The system generates an adaptive progressive infeed path based on the radius of curvature and adaptively adjusts the drilling feed rate. S320: Real-time monitoring of axial and radial forces during drilling, and monitoring of drill bit wear. S330: Based on the monitored force signal and tool status signal, instruct the compensation mechanism of the power turret to perform displacement compensation and / or adaptively adjust the spindle speed and feed rate.

[0016] Preferably, in step S310, a spiral progressive approach path or a straight progressive approach path is selected according to the size of the surface curvature radius; The feed rate is adaptively adjusted based on the radius of curvature.

[0017] Preferably, in step S330, if the system simultaneously detects both an abnormal increase in radial force and an aggravated drill bit wear signal, it is determined that the tendency to deflect is intensifying. When the bias trend is determined to be intensifying, the feed rate is automatically reduced and the spindle speed is appropriately increased to maintain a stable cutting speed. At the same time, the X / Y compensation mechanism of the power turret is instructed to perform displacement compensation.

[0018] Preferably, the processing method further includes: The S400 system records the entire process data and results of each shift axis, extracts key feature parameters that affect accuracy based on data mining technology, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically optimize the control parameters in the preceding steps.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for processing automotive shift shafts and its application in the processing of automotive shift shafts.

[0020] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention ensures angular positioning accuracy through a composite compensation strategy combining feedforward and feedback. Before the indexing action begins, the central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculations based on the target angle, pre-calibrated indexing mechanism backlash, real-time thermal error compensation, and final axis deviation residual. This calculation is performed using a trained fuzzy PID prediction model for the indexing mechanism backlash, and outputs a high-precision pre-compensation angle command to offset known systematic errors from the starting point. After the indexing mechanism performs macroscopic rotation, a high-resolution circular grating encoder integrated on the main drive shaft monitors the minute deviation between the actual angle and the target angle in real time and drives the piezoelectric ceramic micro-motion compensation mechanism to perform fine feedback compensation, thereby improving the indexing positioning accuracy of the shift shaft when machining radial holes at different angles.

[0021] 2. This invention uses a scanning device on the power turret to pre-obtain the radius of curvature of the surface to be drilled, and generates an adaptive progressive entry path accordingly. This allows the drill bit to smoothly contact the workpiece by gradually aligning with the normal of the surface, effectively dispersing the initial impact force. Simultaneously, during the drilling process, a three-dimensional force sensor monitors the axial and radial forces in real time, and an acoustic emission sensor monitors the wear state of the drill bit. Once the system detects an abnormal increase in radial force or an excessive acoustic emission signal energy, it determines that there is a tendency for deviation or accelerated tool wear, and immediately instructs the X / Y micro-displacement compensation mechanism of the power turret to perform displacement compensation, dynamically adjust the spindle speed and feed rate, and even fine-tune the chuck clamping force to enhance system rigidity, ensuring the machining accuracy of the hole. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the shift shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of radial holes on the shaft body according to the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA and BB; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the actuator of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a logic diagram illustrating the clamping and collaborative correction of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a logical schematic diagram of the rotary indexing and real-time compensation of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a logical schematic diagram of the rotation indexing and real-time compensation of the present invention.

[0023] In the picture: 100. Shift shaft; 101. Spline block; 102. Shaft body; 200, Radial hole; 201, Hole A; 202, Hole B; 203, Hole C; 204, Hole D; 1. Organism; 2. S1 clamping plate; 3. S2 clamping plate; 4. Power Turret; 5. Implementing agency. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an automotive shift shaft, wherein the shift shaft 100 includes a spline block 101 and a shaft body 102. The shaft body 102 has multiple radial holes 200, including holes A 201, B 202, C 203, and D 204. The axes of these four holes are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft body 102. However, holes A 201 and B 202 are located at both ends of the shaft body 102 of the shift shaft 100, and their axes are parallel. Holes B 202 and C 203 are located between holes A 201 and D 204. The axis of hole B 202 is perpendicular to the axis of hole A 201, while the angle between the axis of hole C 203 and the axes of holes B 202 and A 201 is 45 degrees.

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 9 As shown, in order to process the special structure of the automobile shift shaft 100, the present invention provides a processing method for the automobile shift shaft. The processing method is implemented based on a milling and turning machine tool, which has an S1 chuck 2, an S2 chuck 3 and a power turret 4.

[0027] The milling and turning machine tool includes a machine body 1, on which are provided an S1 chuck 2 and an S2 chuck 3. The S1 chuck 2 and S2 chuck 3 can rotate to adjust the drilling position of the shift shaft 100. The S2 chuck 3 can reciprocate on the machine body 1 via a drive device to adapt to shift shafts 100 of different lengths. The machine body 1 is also provided with a power turret 4, which can reciprocate along the guide rails provided on the machine body to machine radial holes at different positions.

[0028] Reference Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a method for machining an automotive shift shaft includes the following steps: S100: After the shift shaft 100 blank is clamped in the milling and turning machine tool, the clamping status data is detected synchronously by multiple sensors, and the central processing unit analyzes the data to determine the axis deviation of the S1 and S2 chucks 3, and then drives the actuator 5 to perform collaborative correction of the clamping status, and shares the final axis deviation residual.

[0029] S110. After clamping the shaft 102, simultaneously collect the radial runout data of the shaft 102, the distance difference between the two clamping plates and the reference surface of the shift shaft 100, the clamping thermal deformation data, and the clamping impact vibration energy data.

[0030] Specifically, when machining the shift shaft 100, the shift shaft 100 must first be clamped and fixed. The spline block 101 part of the shift shaft 100 is clamped by the S1 chuck 2 located on the left side of the machine body 1, and the other end of the shaft 102 away from the spline block 101 is clamped by the S2 chuck 3 located on the right side of the machine body 1.

[0031] After the shift shaft 100 is fixed, the radial runout data of the shaft 102 is measured by a non-contact probe set on the power turret 4. The radial runout data is measured to reflect the offset of the shift shaft 100 relative to the theoretical rotation axis of the machine tool spindle when it rotates.

[0032] It should be noted that the non-contact probe used in this embodiment includes a laser scanning probe. After the shift shaft 100 is fixed, the drive turret 4 moves on the guide rail set on the machine body 1 so that the laser scanning probe can scan and measure the cross-sectional position of the shaft 102. The position of the laser scanning probe on the shaft 102 includes the cross-section near the spline block 101, the middle cross-section of the shaft 102, and the cross-section of the shaft 102 near the S2 chuck 3.

[0033] Meanwhile, by using the first laser displacement sensor located on the side of the S1 chuck 2 and the second laser displacement sensor located on the side of the S2 chuck 3, the distance difference between each sensor and the pre-calibrated reference surface on the shift shaft 100 is measured. By measuring the distance difference, the relative position deviation information of the two chucks S1 and S2 in the axial direction can be directly obtained.

[0034] By simultaneously detecting radial runout and distance difference, the initial state data of the shift shaft 100 after clamping can be collected in real time from different dimensions, providing comprehensive and timely data input for the subsequent central processing unit to make a comprehensive judgment.

[0035] It should be noted that in this embodiment, both S1 clamping plate 2 and S2 clamping plate 3 are equipped with distributed temperature sensor arrays. The temperature sensors are used to monitor clamping thermal deformation data. The clamping plate base is equipped with a triaxial vibration sensor to monitor clamping impact vibration energy data. Through the synchronous acquisition and aggregation of this multi-physical quantity data, the basis for data fusion is formed, thereby avoiding the limitations or misjudgments that may occur with single-dimensional data judgment.

[0036] S120: The central processing unit receives data and evaluates the clamping status of the data through a predetermined decision matrix algorithm, calculating the axial deviation and included angle of the two clamping plates.

[0037] Specifically, the central processing unit receives multi-source data in step S110 to overcome the limitations or misjudgments that may occur in single-dimensional data judgment; after completing the reception of multi-source data, the central processing unit calls the built-in predetermined decision matrix algorithm to perform comprehensive analysis and status evaluation of the data.

[0038] First, the system will determine whether the radial runout or the distance difference between the clamps exceeds their respective set geometric thresholds (threshold 1, threshold 2). At the same time, it will check whether the temperature gradient and vibration energy are lower than their corresponding safety thresholds (threshold 3, threshold 4).

[0039] If the radial runout data or distance difference exceeds the threshold, while thermal deformation and vibration are within the controllable range, i.e., the radial runout data is greater than threshold 1 or the distance difference between the clamps is greater than threshold 2, but the temperature gradient is less than threshold 3, and the vibration energy is less than threshold 4, it indicates that the clamping of clamp 2 of S1 and clamp 3 of S2 is not concentric or the position is deviated, which causes the shaft 102 to be in an off-center state. At this time, the decision matrix will trigger clamp 3 of S2 to adjust its pose.

[0040] If the temperature gradient exceeds the safety threshold, the decision matrix will prioritize identifying the risk caused by thermal deformation, regardless of the geometric deviation, and start the thermal compensation algorithm. Based on the monitored temperature gradient and the known thermal expansion coefficients of the chuck and shift shaft 100 materials, the pre-compensation amount for the additional axial deviation that may be caused by uneven thermal deformation is calculated. This pre-compensation amount will be vector-superimposed with the initially calculated mechanical deviation (ΔX, ΔY), thereby pre-counteracting the influence of thermal deformation when adjusting the chuck's pose, and achieving feedforward compensation of thermal error.

[0041] If the vibration energy exceeds the safety threshold, it indicates that there is excessive impact or chatter during the clamping process. At this time, the decision matrix will trigger the clamping force adaptive adjustment mechanism, which will dynamically adjust the clamping force of S1 clamping plate 2 and / or S2 clamping plate 3 to suppress or eliminate harmful vibrations and ensure that the shift shaft 100 is in a stable state for subsequent precision calibration.

[0042] Based on the output of the decision matrix and all the sensor data fused, the central processing unit calculates the mechanical deviation between S1 clamp 2 and S2 clamp 3. The mechanical deviation includes linear deviation (ΔX, ΔY) and axial angle deviation (Δθ), and then determines the root cause of the current clamping state deviation and its quantification value.

[0043] It should be noted that mechanical deviation (ΔX, ΔY) represents the linear offset of the rotation center of S1 clamp 2 and the rotation center of S2 clamp 3 in two mutually perpendicular directions in a plane perpendicular to the axis of shaft 102, namely the X direction and the Y direction; while the axial angle deviation (Δθ) represents the relative tilt of the axis of S1 clamp 2 and the axis of S2 clamp 3 in space.

[0044] By using a high-precision non-contact probe to measure the radial runout data of the shift shaft 100 at at least three key sections, and combining this with the distance difference measured by a sensor installed on the chuck side; by analyzing the phase and amplitude of these data, and establishing an error model based on the kinematics theory of multibody systems, the specific values ​​of the mechanical deviation (ΔX, ΔY) and the axial angle deviation (Δθ) can be calculated in reverse.

[0045] S130. Based on the judgment result, the central processing unit instructs the execution mechanism 5 to perform pose fine-tuning and / or clamping force adjustment, and dynamically monitors the feedback data until the radial runout and distance difference stabilize within the preset threshold range, thereby obtaining the final axis deviation residual and sharing it.

[0046] Specifically, the central processing unit will generate pose fine-tuning commands and / or clamping force adjustment commands for the S2 chuck 3 based on the calculated axis deviation (ΔX, ΔY) and axis angle deviation (Δθ), as well as the dominant deviation factors determined by the decision matrix.

[0047] While the compensation command is being executed, the sensor network activated in step S110 will continue to work and monitor in real time. The laser displacement sensors integrated on the sides of S1 clamp 2 and S2 clamp 3 will continuously measure the change in the distance difference between them and the reference plane of shift shaft 100, and feed the data back to the central processing unit in real time. The non-contact probe can also re-measure the radial runout of the key section of shaft 102 during the compensation process or at specific points when the compensation action is paused, so as to realize the closed-loop control basis of the compensation process, so that the central processing unit can know the actual effect of each fine adjustment action in real time.

[0048] The central processing unit compares the real-time sensor feedback data with the preset qualified threshold to determine whether the current clamping state meets the accuracy requirements, that is, whether the current radial runout data and distance difference data have been stabilized within the preset threshold range. If the requirements are not met, the central processing unit will calculate a new round of compensation instructions based on the residual between the current deviation and the target value, and drive the S2 clamping plate 3 to make fine adjustments again until the clamping state parameters are stabilized within the qualified range.

[0049] Once the compensation cycle ends and the clamping state is confirmed to be optimal, the system will finally record and output the axis deviation residuals (ΔX', ΔY') after this calibration.

[0050] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the S2 clamp 3 includes a clamp body as a basic support structure. An actuator 5 for realizing micro-displacement, such as a servo electric cylinder or a piezoelectric ceramic actuator, is integrated inside or on the side of the clamp body. It is also equipped with a high-precision displacement sensor and force sensor for real-time feedback.

[0051] When the system receives a pose adjustment command from the central processing unit, it calculates the precise displacement that each actuator needs to move. If the offset of the chuck in the X direction needs to be adjusted, the actuator in the positive X-axis direction will be instructed to extend, while the actuator in the negative X-axis direction will be instructed to shorten accordingly, so as to drive the chuck body to produce a precise translational movement relative to its mounting base, thereby achieving fine-tuning of the chuck's pose.

[0052] For minor angular deviation adjustments, the actuator on one side is extended while the actuator on the other side is shortened, causing the clamp to produce a precise yaw motion. Throughout the adjustment process, displacement sensors such as grating rulers or laser interferometers integrated at key positions on the clamp monitor the actual displacement of the clamp and provide real-time feedback to the control system, forming a closed-loop position control to ensure the accuracy and stability of the pose adjustment.

[0053] When adjusting the clamping force, the system controls the servo device to rotate, and converts the rotational motion into linear motion that drives the jaws on the chuck to move radially, thereby applying clamping force to the shift shaft 100. A high-response force sensor is installed at the force application point of the jaw to detect the magnitude of the actual clamping force in real time. The central processing unit compares the real-time clamping force detected by the force sensor with the target clamping force set according to the process requirements. If there is a deviation, the control system will immediately adjust the output torque or rotation angle of the servo motor to precisely adjust the force applied by the jaws until the actual clamping force matches the target value.

[0054] S200 When a hole with a specific angle needs to be machined, the central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculations based on the target angle, pre-calibrated indexing mechanism parameters, and axis deviation residuals. During the rotation of the indexing mechanism drive chuck and shift shaft 100, the rotation angle error is monitored in real time by the angle detection element, and the micro-motion compensation mechanism is driven to perform real-time compensation, ultimately sharing the actual angle value.

[0055] S210 The central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculations using a prediction model based on the target angle, the backlash value of the indexing mechanism, the thermal error compensation amount, and the axis deviation residual.

[0056] Specifically, when the system needs to drive the shift shaft 100 to rotate to a specific target angle for drilling, the central processing unit will initiate a comprehensive pre-compensation calculation process, using a predictive model to calculate in advance the amount of compensation required to offset known error sources.

[0057] Specifically, the central processing unit first calls the preset target angle value, and then reads the indexing mechanism backlash value obtained through pre-calibrated experiments from memory to quantify the inherent backlash error caused by mechanical clearance during reversal. At the same time, the system accesses the temperature rise data monitored in real time by the infrared temperature sensor installed on the shell of the indexing mechanism, and uses the pre-stored thermal error model to calculate the angle deviation compensation amount caused by the thermal expansion of the indexing mechanism components, i.e., the thermal error compensation amount.

[0058] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the thermal error compensation is the product of the material's thermal expansion coefficient, characteristic length, and real-time monitored temperature rise data.

[0059] The central processing unit takes the target angle, backlash value, thermal error compensation amount, and the final axis deviation residual (ΔX', ΔY') from step S130 as inputs and feeds them into a pre-established and trained fuzzy PID prediction model for the indexing mechanism backlash. This prediction model processes the nonlinear characteristics of the backlash through fuzzy logic rules and combines the prediction function of the PID controller to perform comprehensive calculations on factors such as inertial overshoot and system response delay. Finally, it outputs a high-precision pre-compensation angle command. The pre-compensation angle command value includes the angle amount that needs to be adjusted in advance to compensate for the above-mentioned identified error sources. Its purpose is to set a corrected expected stop position for the indexing mechanism before it starts to move, thereby reducing the final angle error from the starting point.

[0060] It should be noted that the axis deviation residual reflects a small but not negligible axis asymmetry after the shift shaft 100 is clamped. It will affect the mass distribution and rotational inertia of the shift shaft 100, which may exacerbate the dynamic error during the indexing process.

[0061] It should be noted that the indexing mechanism backlash fuzzy PID prediction model, through its modular hierarchical structure, sets a corrected expected stop position for the indexing mechanism before it starts moving, thereby reducing the final angle error from the starting point. The necessary modules of the indexing mechanism backlash fuzzy PID prediction model include a data preprocessing interface layer, one or more hidden processing layers for feature extraction and fusion, and a final angle compensation output layer. The data preprocessing interface layer is responsible for receiving and standardizing multi-source input data, including target angle commands, indexing mechanism backlash values ​​obtained and stored in advance through calibration experiments, thermal error compensation amounts monitored in real time by infrared temperature sensors and calculated by thermal expansion models, and final axis deviation residuals (ΔX', ΔY') from the clamping calibration stage. The feature extraction and fusion layer is the core of the model. It consists of multiple interconnected computational units. These units perform weighted analysis and correlation learning on the multidimensional features of the input, and identify nonlinear coupling relationships such as the back clearance and temperature changes or the influence patterns of axis deviation on the indexing inertia. The output layer then integrates these processed features to generate a scalar value, which is the final pre-compensated angle command.

[0062] In the specific application scenario of machining the shift shaft 100, the input data settings of the model directly reflect the physical state and inherent relationship of the machining process. Specifically, the target angle indicates the expected final result; the backlash value quantifies the inherent mechanical error of the transmission chain; the thermal error compensation captures the small deformation effect caused by changes in ambient temperature on the mechanical structure; and the axis deviation residual reflects the potential impact of the geometric attitude error of the shift shaft 100 after clamping on the stability of the rotary motion.

[0063] The model's output, namely the pre-compensation angle command, is directly sent to the indexing mechanism's underlying controller. In this way, the artificial intelligence model transforms abstract sensor data and process parameters into specific, executable control actions, realizing a closed loop from information perception to decision execution.

[0064] S220, the indexing mechanism drives the shift shaft 100 to rotate, and the error between the actual rotation angle and the target angle is monitored in real time by the angle encoder; Specifically, when the indexing mechanism receives a motion signal from the central processing unit that includes a pre-compensation angle command, it drives the S1 chuck 2 and S2 chuck 3 to synchronously rotate the clamped shift shaft 100, so as to position the part to be processed on the shift shaft 100 to the preset target angle, so that the power turret 4 can perform drilling operations.

[0065] It is important to note that throughout the entire operation of the indexing mechanism, the high-resolution circular grating encoder integrated on the main drive shaft of the indexing mechanism continuously and in real time monitors the actual rotation angle of the chuck and feeds back the collected actual angle position signal to the central processing unit in real time in the form of high-frequency pulses.

[0066] In the initial and middle stages of the indexing mechanism's operation, the encoder mainly monitors the macroscopic angular displacement of the shift shaft 100 to ensure it quickly approaches the target angle. However, when the actual angle value of the shift shaft 100 enters a small neighborhood near the target angle, the system enters the precise positioning stage. At this time, due to the inherent characteristics of the mechanical transmission system, such as the inertia of moving parts, the elastic deformation of the transmission chain, and the backlash that cannot be completely eliminated, even if the pre-compensation model has performed feedforward compensation, slight overshoot or hysteresis may still occur.

[0067] The central processing unit rapidly and continuously compares the real-time feedback of the actual angle value with the pre-compensated target angle value, thereby dynamically calculating the deviation between the two, i.e., the indexing error. This quantifies the deviation between the actual position and the commanded position caused by the combined effects of factors such as the backlash inherent in the indexing mechanism itself, the elastic deformation of the transmission chain under load, the overshoot or lag caused by the inertia of moving parts, and potential external interference. The system sets an extremely strict angle tolerance threshold. Once the system detects that the actual angle value is stable within this threshold range and remains so for a very short time, it determines that the indexing motion has reached a stable state.

[0068] The central processing unit processes the data stream fed back by the encoder in real time, not only tracking the current angle error value but also analyzing its changing trend, such as whether the error is expanding, converging, or stabilizing. All these real-time data, including the actual angle, the target angle, and the calculated dynamic error, are immediately transmitted to step S230 to provide accurate compensation basis for actuators such as piezoelectric ceramic micro-actuators.

[0069] S230. The central processing unit drives the micro-motion compensation mechanism to perform precise compensation based on the error, and shares the stabilized actual angle value.

[0070] Specifically, based on the error between the actual rotation angle and the target angle monitored in real time in step S220, the central processing unit generates a precise compensation command and drives the micro-displacement piezoelectric ceramic actuator integrated in or near the chuck body to perform an action. After receiving the command, the actuator will produce a tiny elongation or contraction in a very short time, thereby pushing or pulling the chuck body to produce an extremely small angular displacement around a specific axis to offset the detected indexing error.

[0071] It should be noted that the fine-tuning action in this embodiment is performed after the main drive of the indexing mechanism has completed a large-angle rotation and stopped, in order to correct the small end positioning deviations of the main drive system that are difficult to completely avoid due to factors such as inertial overshoot, elastic deformation of the transmission chain, or backlash.

[0072] It should be noted that the compensation execution mechanism in this embodiment includes the synergistic effect of feedforward compensation and feedback compensation. Feedforward compensation is based on the pre-compensation amount calculated by the prediction model in step S201. Before the indexing mechanism starts to move, the system instructs the piezoelectric ceramic actuator to prepare for reverse micro-movement based on the predicted overshoot or hysteresis. Feedback compensation is based on the actual angle error fed back in real time by the circular grating encoder in step S220. The central processing unit dynamically calculates and outputs control signals based on the magnitude and trend of the real-time error through a closed-loop control system to finely adjust the micro-displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator. Feedforward compensation and feedback compensation work together. Feedforward compensation is responsible for dealing with predictable systematic errors, while feedback compensation handles random and unpredictable disturbances, together ensuring that the calibration accuracy remains stable within a preset extremely high tolerance range.

[0073] After the piezoelectric ceramic actuator completes the micro-motion compensation, the circular grating encoder continues to monitor the actual angle of the shift shaft 100 after compensation and feeds the data back to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit will compare the finally stabilized actual angle value with the target angle again. When the actual angle value stably falls within the preset angle tolerance threshold and continues for a certain period of time, the system determines that the "real-time prediction and compensation stage of rotation indexing process error" has been successfully completed. At the same time, the actual angle value will be shared by the system with the control system of the movable power turret 4.

[0074] The S300 and power turret 4 locate the target hole position based on the shared actual angle value. By scanning and detecting the curved contour of the part to be drilled, an adaptive cutting path is generated. During the drilling process, the drilling force and tool status are monitored in real time, and the tool path and machining parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data to suppress deviation.

[0075] S310. The scanning device integrated on the power turret 4 is used to obtain the curvature radius of the surface of the part to be drilled. The system generates an adaptive progressive cutting path based on the curvature radius and adaptively adjusts the drilling feed rate. Specifically, the power turret 4 first performs spatial positioning based on the actual angle values ​​finally confirmed and shared from the rotation indexing stage. After the positioning action is completed, the local curved surface at the drilling location on the shift axis 100 shaft 102 is rapidly and densely scanned by a short-range laser scanner integrated on the power turret 4, acquiring a series of high-precision three-dimensional coordinate points to form point cloud data characterizing the geometric shape of the local area. The scanning process aims to accurately acquire the microscopic geometric features around the drilling point, especially the radius of curvature and normal vector direction of the point, to provide a high-precision three-dimensional model basis for subsequent toolpath planning.

[0076] The system processor processes these point cloud data in real time and constructs a digital local surface model of the area to be drilled using a surface fitting algorithm. Constructing a digital local surface model based on point cloud data using a surface fitting algorithm is existing technology and will not be elaborated further here.

[0077] Based on the constructed high-precision local surface model, the system will automatically analyze the curvature characteristics of the point and generate an optimized tool progressive entry path accordingly.

[0078] If the system identifies that the radius of curvature of the local surface is small, it determines that the surface is steep or complex. At this time, the system will instruct the power turret 4 to adopt a spiral progressive cutting path. That is, while the drill bit is rotating, its feed trajectory is not a straight line, but a spiral line that gradually aligns with the normal of the surface to slowly cut into the shaft 102. This avoids the slippage phenomenon caused by uneven force when the drill bit tip directly cuts into the surface in a vertical manner. The spiral progressive cutting path can significantly increase the initial contact area between the drill bit and the shaft 102, so that the cutting force can smoothly transition from point contact to surface contact, thereby effectively dispersing the initial impact and significantly suppressing the tendency of the drill bit to deviate during the drilling stage.

[0079] If the system identifies that the radius of curvature of the area to be drilled is large, it indicates that the surface is relatively flat and the risk of deviation is relatively low. In this case, the system adopts a linear, progressive approach.

[0080] It should be noted that although a linear, progressive approach can be used in areas with a large radius of curvature, the direction of the drill bit needs to be precisely adjusted based on the normal calculated from the local surface model to ensure that the drill bit axis is as consistent as possible with the ideal drilling direction when it begins to contact the shaft 102.

[0081] While planning the cutting path, the system also dynamically calculates and sets the drilling feed rate based on the real-time identified radius of curvature and through built-in adaptive control logic. Specifically, in complex curved surface areas with small radii of curvature, the system will automatically reduce the feed rate to cut in a gentler and more controllable manner, avoiding excessive radial force caused by excessive feed and resulting in drill bit wobbling; while in flat areas with large radii of curvature, the feed rate can be appropriately increased to balance processing efficiency with accuracy.

[0082] S320: Real-time monitoring of axial and radial forces during drilling, and monitoring of drill bit wear. Specifically, once the drilling process officially begins, the three-dimensional force sensor integrated on the power turret 4 immediately starts high-frequency data acquisition. The three-dimensional force sensor can monitor and decompose the load borne by the drill bit during the drilling process in real time, and quantify it into three mutually perpendicular components, namely the axial force (Fz) and two radial forces (Fx, Fy).

[0083] It is important to note that the axial force (Fz) reflects the resistance of the drill bit as it cuts into the shaft 102 along its axial direction, and the stability of its value is an important indicator for evaluating whether the drilling process is smooth. The two radial forces (Fx, Fy) reflect the force balance of the drill bit in the radial plane. Under ideal, unbiased drilling conditions, the resultant force of these two radial forces should be close to zero. If either one is continuously or significantly greater than the other, it strongly suggests that the drill bit is subjected to asymmetrical lateral forces, and there is a risk of bending or deviating from the intended trajectory.

[0084] Simultaneously with the activation of the three-dimensional force sensor, the acoustic emission sensor integrated inside the turret also operates, which can monitor the stress wave signal generated when the drill bit interacts with the shaft 102 material. The stress wave originates from the micro-deformation, crack propagation, and intense friction between the drill bit cutting edge and the shaft 102 within the material. When the drill bit begins to wear or the cutting edge load becomes uneven due to skewness, the amplitude and characteristic frequency of the acoustic emission signal will change significantly. By analyzing the energy level and spectral characteristics of the acoustic emission signal, the system can help determine whether the source of the abnormal force is a geometrical change on the surface of the shaft 102 or an increase in wear of the drill bit itself.

[0085] All raw data collected by the sensors are transmitted to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit performs real-time fusion analysis and comprehensive judgment on the three-dimensional force data and acoustic emission data. The central processing unit has preset thresholds and pattern recognition algorithms based on a large amount of process test data. It compares the real-time monitored radial force (Fx, Fy) with the preset safety thresholds and analyzes whether the energy of the acoustic emission signal exceeds the normal range.

[0086] At the same time, the system will comprehensively analyze whether there is a temporal correlation between the abnormal force and the abnormal acoustic emission signal. If the system detects a continuous abnormal increase in radial force Fx or Fy, and the acoustic emission signal energy is also significantly enhanced in sync, the central processing unit will determine with a high degree of confidence that not only is there a trend of drill bit deflection, but this deflection is likely caused or aggravated by the severe wear of the drill bit itself.

[0087] This mutual verification of multi-source information can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis and trend identification, and avoid misjudgment due to interference from a single signal.

[0088] It is important to note that all sensor readings, analysis results, and system timestamps are recorded synchronously, forming a complete data chain of the processing procedure. This provides a basis for decision-making in real-time compensation of step S330, and also provides data support for subsequent process optimization and problem tracing.

[0089] S330: Based on the monitored force signal and tool status signal, instruct the compensation mechanism of the power turret 4 to perform displacement compensation and / or adaptively adjust the spindle speed and feed rate.

[0090] Specifically, the central processing unit performs comprehensive analysis and decision-making based on the three-dimensional force sensor data (Fx, Fy, Fz) and acoustic emission sensor signals acquired in real time in step S320. When the system detects an abnormal increase in radial force (Fx or Fy) and / or an acoustic emission signal energy that continuously exceeds a preset threshold, it determines that the drill bit has a tendency to deviate or is at risk of accelerated wear. At this time, the system will immediately generate corresponding compensation instructions and trigger the linkage execution mechanism.

[0091] First, the X / Y direction micro-displacement compensation mechanism of the drive turret 4 is activated. This mechanism is driven by piezoelectric ceramics or servo motors. Specifically, if the positive force Fx increases abnormally, the drive turret 4 is controlled to move a small displacement along the negative X direction to counteract the unbalanced radial force on the drill bit, thereby correcting its drilling path.

[0092] It should be noted that the X / Y micro-displacement compensation mechanism is mainly used to achieve small displacements of the power turret 4 in two orthogonal directions within the plane. The X / Y micro-displacement compensation mechanism uses a flexible hinge as the core transmission and guiding element. It replaces the sliding or rolling friction motion of the traditional guide rail with the small deformation of the elastic material, thereby completely eliminating backlash and friction wear, and achieving nanometer or submicron level motion accuracy. The displacement of the power turret 4 is achieved by setting up a compensation mechanism, which is existing technology and will not be elaborated further here.

[0093] During the compensation operation of the X / Y micro-displacement compensation mechanism, the three-dimensional force sensor continuously monitors the changes in the force signal after compensation and feeds the data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit judges the compensation effect based on the feedback data and decides whether further fine-tuning is needed.

[0094] While performing compensation operations, the central processing unit dynamically adjusts the spindle speed and feed rate of the power turret 4 based on the characteristics of the force signal and acoustic emission signal. If the system determines that the increased cutting force is caused by slight wear, it appropriately reduces the feed rate and slightly increases the spindle speed to maintain a stable cutting speed and reduce the load on the cutting edge on one side. If the signal indicates a serious skew trend, it significantly reduces the feed rate to cut in a gentler manner, buying time for displacement compensation.

[0095] When a severe vibration signal or a serious radial force change is detected, it indicates that the rigidity of the process system may be insufficient and local compensation is not enough to completely suppress the error. At this time, the central processing unit will send a command to the servo system controlling the S2 chuck 3 to fine-tune its clamping force. By appropriately increasing the clamping force, the overall rigidity of the shaft 102 and the S2 chuck 3 is improved, thereby reducing the vibration and deformation caused by loose clamping or insufficient rigidity under the action of drilling force.

[0096] It is important to note that during the drilling operation, the central processing unit will continuously monitor and analyze the trend of the acoustic emission signal energy. If the monitored value remains high or even continues to rise slowly after the above-mentioned compensation measures are taken, the central processing unit will determine that the drill bit wear is close to the end of its lifespan based on the preset algorithm. It will then generate an early warning message and send a prompt to the operator to check or replace the tool through the human-machine interface, thereby avoiding batch product quality problems caused by excessive tool wear.

[0097] Furthermore, the processing method also includes a self-learning and optimization stage: the system records the entire process processing data and results of each shift shaft 100, extracts key feature parameters that affect accuracy based on data mining technology, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically optimize the control parameters in the preceding steps.

[0098] Specifically, the self-learning and optimization stage of the machining process enables the machining system to autonomously learn from historical machining data and optimize its control parameters, thereby continuously improving machining accuracy and stability and adapting to different machining conditions and batch differences of the shift shaft. The stage specifically includes three interrelated and sequentially executed sub-steps: data recording, feature extraction, and model updating.

[0099] During the data recording process, the system comprehensively and synchronously records the timing data from all sensors, all control commands generated by the central processing unit, and the final test results of the hole position accuracy of the shaft 102 after machining each shift shaft 100.

[0100] The recorded data constitutes a complete data package, including sensor data such as laser displacement sensor readings from the clamping subsystem, radial runout data of the non-contact probe, temperature sensor readings, and vibration sensor data; actual angle and target angle deviations fed back by the circular grating encoder from the rotary indexing subsystem, and indexing motor current; and three-dimensional force sensor data (Fx, Fy, Fz), acoustic emission sensor signal energy, and surface curvature radius scanned by the confocal chromatic aberration ranging sensor from the drilling subsystem.

[0101] The control command data includes chuck position adjustment, piezoelectric actuator compensation, adaptive feed rate of power turret 4, and spindle speed adjustment commands.

[0102] The final detection results are obtained from the measured values ​​of geometric accuracy such as hole position coordinates, hole diameter, and perpendicularity using offline or online measuring equipment. All of these data are associated with the corresponding work number and timestamp and stored in a dedicated database or storage area of ​​the central processing unit to form a historical dataset for model training.

[0103] In the feature extraction step, the central processing unit calls the built-in data analysis algorithm to preprocess and mine features of the historical dataset recorded in the data recording step. The preprocessing includes data cleaning, data alignment and data normalization. Subsequently, the system extracts key feature parameters that are strongly correlated with machining accuracy from the preprocessed data. The feature parameters include: the root mean square value of clamping vibration energy, the average residual and standard deviation of the indexing process, the peak value and fluctuation trend of drilling force, the average energy of acoustic emission signal in a specific frequency band, and the indirect characterization of tool wear from the start to the end of machining.

[0104] In the model update step, the system utilizes the key feature parameters extracted in the feature extraction step and their corresponding machining accuracy results, and employs a reinforcement learning algorithm to dynamically optimize the key parameters in the control model. The agent of the reinforcement learning algorithm is the central processing unit, and its environment is the milling and turning machine tool and the shift shaft 100 being machined. Its actions are to adjust the control parameters, which include: fine-tuning the safety threshold of the clamping force, correcting the PID controller gain in the indexing prediction model, optimizing the feed rate correction coefficient k, and updating the judgment threshold for drill wear, etc. The reward is designed based on the degree of improvement in machining accuracy and the stability of the machining process, including giving a positive reward for a reduction in hole position error and a negative reward for an abnormal increase in machining force.

[0105] By continuously trying to fine-tune actions and observe results within a safe parameter range, the algorithm learns a policy function. This policy function can output the optimal control parameters to adjust actions based on the currently perceived processing state characteristics. After multiple iterations of learning, the system can adaptively adjust the control parameters of each subsystem, enabling the entire processing process to evolve towards higher precision and greater stability and reliability.

[0106] The present invention also provides a drilling system for an automotive shift shaft 100 for performing a machining method, the system comprising a collaborative detection module, an intelligent analysis and decision-making module, and a linkage execution compensation module.

[0107] The collaborative detection module includes a non-contact probe, a laser displacement sensor, a temperature sensor array, and a triaxial vibration sensor for detecting the clamping state of the shift shaft 100; a circular grating encoder and an infrared temperature sensor for detecting the indexing accuracy; and a three-dimensional force sensor, an acoustic emission sensor, and a confocal chromatic aberration distance sensor for monitoring the drilling process.

[0108] The intelligent analysis and decision-making module is the central processing unit, which is configured to run data fusion algorithms, fuzzy PID prediction models, thermal error compensation models, surface adaptive algorithms, and reinforcement learning algorithms.

[0109] The linkage execution compensation module includes a servo-driven adjustable chuck, a micro-displacement piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and a movable power turret 4 with X / Y compensation function and adaptive feed and speed control capabilities.

[0110] The collaborative detection module, intelligent analysis and decision-making module, and linkage execution and compensation module are connected through a system bus to achieve data sharing and real-time joint debugging and control of commands, forming a closed-loop control system for high-precision machining of more than 100 angle holes on the shift shaft.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0112] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for machining an automotive shift shaft, wherein the shift shaft (100) comprises a spline block (101) and a shaft body (102), wherein the shaft body (102) is provided with a plurality of radial holes (200), characterized in that, The machining method is implemented on a milling-turning machine tool, which has an S1 chuck (2), an S2 chuck (3), and a power turret (4). The method includes the following steps: S100. After the shift shaft (100) blank is clamped in the milling and turning machine tool, the clamping status data is detected synchronously by multiple sensors, and the central processing unit analyzes the data to determine the axis deviation between the S1 chuck (2) and the S2 chuck (3), and then drives the actuator (5) to perform collaborative correction of the clamping status, and shares the final axis deviation residual. S200 When a hole with a specific angle needs to be machined, the central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculation based on the target angle, the pre-calibrated indexing mechanism parameters and the axis deviation residual; during the rotation of the indexing mechanism drive chuck and shift shaft (100), the rotation angle error is monitored in real time by the angle detection element, and the micro-motion compensation mechanism is driven to perform real-time compensation, and finally the actual angle value is shared. S300 and power turret (4) are positioned to the target hole position according to the shared actual angle value. The curved surface contour of the part to be drilled is scanned and detected to generate an adaptive cutting path. During the drilling process, the drilling force and tool status are monitored in real time, and the tool path and machining parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data to suppress deviation.

2. The machining method for an automotive shift shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S100 includes: S110. After clamping the shaft (102), simultaneously collect the radial runout data of the shaft (102), the distance difference between the two clamping plates and the reference surface of the shift shaft (100), the clamping thermal deformation data, and the clamping impact vibration energy data. S120. The central processing unit receives data and evaluates the clamping status of the data through a predetermined decision matrix algorithm, calculating the axial deviation and angle between the two clamping disks. S130. Based on the judgment result, the central processing unit instruction execution mechanism (5) performs pose fine adjustment and / or clamping force adjustment, and dynamically monitors feedback data until the radial runout and distance difference stabilize within the preset threshold range, and obtains the final axis deviation residual and shares it.

3. The machining method for an automotive shift shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, The decision logic in step S120 includes: If the radial runout data or distance difference exceeds the threshold, and the thermal deformation and vibration energy are within the allowable range, it is determined to be a mechanical deviation, and the clamp position adjustment is performed. If the thermal deformation exceeds the threshold, the thermal compensation algorithm is activated; If the vibration energy exceeds the threshold, the clamping force adaptive adjustment mechanism is triggered.

4. The machining method for an automotive shift shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S200 includes: S210 The central processing unit performs pre-compensation calculations using a prediction model based on the target angle, the indexing mechanism backlash value, the thermal error compensation amount, and the axis deviation residual. S220, the indexing mechanism drives the shift shaft (100) to rotate, and the error between the actual rotation angle and the target angle is monitored in real time by the angle encoder; S230. The central processing unit drives the micro-motion compensation mechanism to perform precise compensation based on the error, and shares the stabilized actual angle value.

5. The machining method for an automotive shift shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thermal error compensation amount in step S210 is calculated by monitoring the temperature rise of the indexing mechanism and based on the material thermal expansion model; the pre-compensation calculation adopts a prediction model based on historical data and real-time load.

6. The machining method of the automotive shift shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S300 includes: S310. The system uses a scanning device integrated on the power turret (4) to obtain the radius of curvature of the surface to be drilled. The system generates an adaptive progressive infeed path based on the radius of curvature and adaptively adjusts the drilling feed rate. S320: Real-time monitoring of axial and radial forces during drilling, and monitoring of drill bit wear. S330. Based on the monitored force signal and tool status signal, instruct the compensation mechanism of the power turret (4) to perform displacement compensation and / or adaptively adjust the spindle speed and feed rate.

7. The machining method for an automotive shift shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S310, a spiral progressive approach path or a straight progressive approach path is selected based on the size of the surface curvature radius. The feed rate is adaptively adjusted based on the radius of curvature.

8. The method for processing an automotive shift shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S330, if the system simultaneously detects both an abnormal increase in radial force and an aggravated drill bit wear signal, it is determined that the tendency to deflect is intensifying. When it is determined that the bias trend is intensifying, the feed rate is automatically reduced and the spindle speed is appropriately increased to maintain the cutting line speed. At the same time, the X / Y compensation mechanism of the power turret (4) is instructed to perform displacement compensation.

9. The machining method of the automotive shift shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: S400: The system records the entire process processing data and results of each shift axis (100), extracts key feature parameters that affect accuracy based on data mining technology, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically optimize the control parameters in the preceding steps.

10. The application of the machining method for an automobile shift shaft as described in any one of claims 1-9 in the machining of automobile shift shafts.

Images