An ultra-high-speed jet flow high-precision punching method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of special processing, and discloses a high-speed jet flow high-precision punching method, which is implemented by relying on a device integrated with gas thermodynamic regulation and control and photoelectric hybrid field constraint functions, constructs an inert gas rotating vortex field through a tangential inclined air nozzle, carries out thermodynamic regulation and control on the gas to preheat or precool the gas, triggers metal wire electric explosion to drive liquid medium to form a high-speed jet flow, simultaneously utilizes strong ultraviolet and X-ray radiation pulses generated by the electric explosion to excite the vortex gas into rotating plasma in situ through a photoionization mechanism to induce a ring magnetic field, and the jet flow keeps high collimation under the synergistic constraint of aerodynamic pressure gradient and electromagnetic Lorentz force to cross a target distance and impact a workpiece. The application suppresses Rayleigh-Taylor instability and radial divergence of the jet flow, combines with vortex active chip removal, and realizes large target distance and high-precision punching on hard and brittle and difficult-to-machine materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of special processing technology, specifically to a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of aerospace, precision instruments and microelectronics industries, there is an urgent need for micro-hole processing of hard, brittle or difficult-to-machine materials such as alumina ceramics, titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys. The ultra-high-speed liquid jet technology driven by metal wire electric explosion, with its instantaneous gigapascal high pressure and impact velocity of thousands of meters per second, has shown great application potential in the field of special material processing and can achieve cold removal without macroscopic heat-affected zone.

[0003] Existing electro-explosion ultra-high-speed jet processing technology directly injects the jet into a static atmospheric environment. The extremely high jet velocity leads to a shear velocity difference at the gas-liquid interface, inducing Rayleigh-Taylor instability and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. This causes the ultra-high-speed jet to rapidly diverge, atomize, and break up after leaving the nozzle. The effective high-energy beam length of the ultra-high-speed jet is limited to only 1mm to 3mm. When the target distance increases, the jet energy density decreases sharply, resulting in excessively large taper of the processed micro-holes and poor orifice roundness, making it difficult to meet the long-distance precision processing requirements of workpieces with large depth-to-diameter ratios.

[0004] When ultra-high-speed jets fly at high speed in dense atmospheres, they face shock wave drag. A large amount of jet kinetic energy is dissipated before reaching the workpiece. In addition, the microsecond-level high-energy impact instantly generates transient high temperatures in local areas. Titanium alloy heat-sensitive materials lack external temperature control and protection mechanisms, which leads to oxidation and discoloration of the hole walls or the formation of a difficult-to-remove recast layer, affecting the surface integrity of the parts.

[0005] Existing electro-explosive drilling devices lack an active deep hole chip removal mechanism. During the process of multiple pulse-point impacts to process deep holes, the material debris and residual liquid generated by the previous pulse accumulate at the bottom of the microhole to form a water cushion. The water cushion has a strong buffering and damping effect on the subsequent jet, absorbing the shock wave energy. As the hole depth increases, the processing efficiency becomes so high that it cannot penetrate the hole, which restricts the application of electro-explosive jet technology in the deep hole processing of thick plates. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. This method solves the problems of existing electro-explosive ultra-high-speed jets easily undergoing radial divergence and breakage during transmission in a static atmosphere, resulting in short effective target distance and low processing accuracy; high shock wave resistance leading to low energy transmission efficiency and material thermal damage; and the lack of an active chip removal mechanism hindering deep hole processing.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets, implemented using a drilling device integrating gas thermodynamic control and photoelectric hybrid field confinement functions. The drilling device includes a jet generation unit, an eddy current confinement unit, a gas supply system, and a pulsed power source. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets includes the following steps: Step 1: Install a metal wire array between the electrodes of the jet generating unit and inject liquid medium until the metal wire array is submerged. Fix the workpiece to be processed below the main nozzle and set the target distance. Step 2: Before triggering the electric explosion, start the gas supply system and introduce inert gas into the eddy current confinement unit. The gas is then ejected at high speed through the tangentially inclined nozzle inside the eddy current confinement unit, forming a high-speed rotating columnar eddy current field between the main nozzle and the workpiece. Step 3: Trigger the pulse power source to induce an electric explosion of the metal wire, driving the liquid medium to form an initial ultra-high speed jet. At the same time, use the ultraviolet and X-ray radiation pulses generated by the electric explosion to pass through the main nozzle and act on the columnar vortex field. Through the photoionization mechanism, the inert gas is excited in situ into rotating plasma to induce the generation of a circumferential magnetic field. Step 4: The initial ultra-high-speed jet is injected into the excited columnar vortex field, which traverses the target distance space and impacts the workpiece under the combined constraint of aerodynamic pressure gradient and electromagnetic Lorentz force.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, due to the synergistic coupling mechanism of gas vortex field and photoionization effect, and using the strong light radiation that inevitably accompanies the metal wire electric explosion as the excitation source, the inert gas vortex, which originally only played aerodynamic guiding role, is transformed in situ into a conductive rotating plasma channel. The rotating charged particle flow induces a transient circumferential magnetic field, which applies a centripetal Lorentz force to the axially moving jet, forming a strong electromagnetic confinement at the jet interface. The strong electromagnetic confinement, combined with the aerodynamic pressure gradient of the vortex itself, suppresses the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability caused by velocity shear and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the ultra-high-speed liquid jet when it propagates in the air. This improves the collimation and energy retention rate of the jet in long-distance transmission and solves the problems of easy atomization and divergence of traditional electric explosion jets, resulting in large perforation taper and short effective distance.

[0009] Preferably, in step two, the tangentially tilted nozzles are evenly distributed in the vortex confinement unit along the circumferential direction. The axis of the tangentially tilted nozzles is tangentially arranged relative to the central axis of the main nozzle, and has a set inward tilting angle. A low-pressure core area is formed at the axis of the columnar vortex field, and a high-density aerodynamic barrier is formed on the periphery.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of tangential tilt and inward tilt gives the gas high-speed rotational angular momentum and radial velocity component pointing towards the axis. The columnar vortex field structure uses centrifugal effect to maintain a stable low static pressure zone at the axis, providing a low-resistance flight channel for the jet. At the same time, a dense rotating air curtain is constructed on the periphery to block the radial splashing of the jet droplets, ensuring the sharpness and roundness of the processing orifice edge and avoiding edge chipping.

[0011] Preferably, in step two, the gas supply system further includes a temperature control unit, which includes a preheating mode before introducing the inert gas into the vortex confinement unit. The inert gas is heated to 200°C to 250°C using the resistance heating module in the temperature control unit. The heated inert gas reduces the density of the columnar vortex field and reduces the aerodynamic resistance during the initial ultra-high speed jet transmission.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, preheating reduces the density and viscosity of the gas in the vortex channel. When the ultra-high-speed jet is transmitted in a low-density medium, the shock wave drag at the head decreases, generating an aerodynamic heating drag reduction effect. This not only reduces the kinetic energy loss of the jet but also reduces the shear force at the gas-liquid interface. It is suitable for low-loss transmission of long-distance or low-energy jets, thereby obtaining extremely low hole taper in the processing of hard and brittle materials.

[0013] Preferably, in step two, the gas supply system further includes a temperature control unit, and includes a pre-cooling mode before the inert gas is introduced into the eddy current confinement unit. The inert gas is cooled to -10°C to -40°C using the semiconductor refrigeration module in the temperature control unit. The cooled inert gas forms a high-density cold aerodynamic barrier around the jet path, enhancing the radial confinement capability of the internal fluid.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the low-temperature environment increases the density of inert gas, which makes the outer aerodynamic barrier have a stronger inertial constraint on the jet, effectively preventing the jet from atomizing and spreading. In addition, the low-temperature eddy current acts as a heat sink to cool the processing area in real time, preventing the titanium alloy heat-sensitive material from oxidizing, adhering secondary, or forming an excessively thick recast layer during processing, and ensuring the cleanliness and verticality of the hole wall.

[0015] Preferably, in step two, the inert gas is selected from argon or xenon, and in step three, the photoionization mechanism is based on the fact that the photon energy of the ultraviolet and X-ray radiation pulses is greater than the first ionization energy of argon or xenon, which excites the neutral gas vortex into a weakly ionized rotating plasma vortex.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and selecting an inert gas with a low first ionization energy, the short-wave radiation energy generated by the electric explosion of the metal wire can be absorbed, thereby improving the photoionization efficiency and plasma density. The high-density rotating ion flow has a high moment of momentum, which induces a stronger circumferential magnetic field and enhances the magnetic confinement effect on the high-speed jet.

[0017] Preferably, in step two, the gas supply system is started at a time of 50ms to 100ms before the trigger pulse power source discharges, to ensure that the columnar eddy current field is stably established before the electrical explosion.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution and through reasonable timing control, the gas pipeline transmission delay and turbulent disturbance in the early stage of flow field establishment are eliminated, ensuring that the vortex field is in steady-state rotation mode when the jet enters, thus guaranteeing the consistency of the processing.

[0019] Preferably, in step three, the charging voltage of the pulse power source is set to 18kV~30kV, and the energy storage capacitor is set to 4 kV. ~6 This results in an initial hypervelocity jet with a velocity range of 1.4 km / s to 1.95 km / s.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the numerical parameter range of the pulse power source is matched with the phase transition characteristics of the metal wire, ensuring that the metal wire undergoes a violent electrical explosion and phase transitions into high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. This can both drive the water medium to form a high-energy jet at a speed exceeding the dynamic yield strength of the material and excite sufficient light radiation to maintain the photoionization effect.

[0021] Preferably, in step one, the material of the metal wire array is selected from aluminum, copper or tungsten, and the metal wire array is composed of a single metal wire or two parallel metal wires. When two parallel metal wires are used, a set distance is maintained between the two metal wires.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the parallel structure of the dual wires increases the volume of the plasma channel during the electro-explosion, which not only enhances the shock wave energy of the driving jet, but also increases the outward radiated light flux. The enhanced light radiation flux can penetrate the vortex channel over a longer distance and strengthen the ionization of the external gas, making it suitable for the penetration processing of thick materials.

[0023] Preferably, the ultra-high speed jet high-precision drilling method also includes a chip removal step. During and after the drilling process, the supply of the columnar vortex field is maintained, and the suction effect generated by the continuous rotating airflow is used to discharge the chips and waste liquid generated during processing along the spiral path from the processing area.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, an active chip removal channel was constructed by utilizing the inherent axial negative pressure suction characteristics of the eddy current field. This solved the problem that the jet impact effect was weakened by the accumulation of chips and residual liquid at the bottom of the hole, which formed a water cushion buffer layer. It also prevented secondary scraping of the hole wall by chips, ensuring the efficiency and forming quality of deep hole machining.

[0025] Preferably, in step one, the target distance is set to 8mm to 20mm, and the material of the workpiece to be processed includes ceramic, titanium alloy, stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the limitation of short effective target distance of traditional electro-explosive jets is overcome. High energy density of the jet can still be maintained at a target distance of 8mm to 20mm, realizing the penetration of thick plates and difficult-to-machine materials with a large depth-to-diameter ratio.

[0027] This invention provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention uses high-energy ultraviolet and X-ray radiation generated by the electric explosion of metal wire as an excitation source to convert inert gas vortexes into rotating plasma in situ. This introduces a strong electromagnetic squeezing force on the basis of conventional aerodynamic pressure gradient constraint. The photoelectric hybrid field synergistic constraint mechanism suppresses Rayleigh-Taylor instability and radial divergence of the jet during high-speed flight, so that the jet can maintain energy density and collimation even at a target distance of up to 20 mm. This solves the defects of traditional electric explosion jets, such as large taper and poor orifice roundness caused by atomization and fragmentation.

[0028] 2. This invention utilizes gas thermodynamic control to reduce gas density through preheating, thereby minimizing shock wave resistance and kinetic energy loss at the jet head and obtaining micropores with extremely low taper. Pre-cooling is used to construct a high-density cold aerodynamic barrier, which enhances radial inertial constraint while simultaneously cooling the processing area in real time. Gas thermodynamic control not only improves the jet energy utilization rate but also prevents heat-sensitive materials such as titanium alloys from undergoing severe oxidation or forming a thick casting layer under transient high-energy impact, ensuring the cleanliness and surface quality of the hole wall.

[0029] 3. This invention constructs an active spiral chip removal channel by forming a low-pressure core area at the axis through a high-speed rotating columnar vortex field. The strong suction effect generated by the columnar vortex field can quickly remove the pulverized chips and residual liquid at the bottom of the deep hole from the processing area, preventing the formation of a water cushion buffer layer at the bottom of the hole and the secondary accumulation of chips. This ensures that the subsequent jet pulse can directly act on the surface of the fresh material, thereby achieving efficient deep hole penetration processing of hard, brittle and difficult-to-machine materials. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to embodiments, comparative examples, and test examples. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Examples 1-4: Example 1: This embodiment provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. It utilizes high-temperature argon gas to construct a vortex field with a strong low-pressure core, and uses ultraviolet radiation generated by an electric explosion to in-situ excite argon gas to form plasma magnetic confinement, which is used for precision micro-hole processing of hard and brittle ceramic materials.

[0032] The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows: Step 1: System Preparation and Parameter Setting Device Connection: Use an ultra-high-speed jet drilling device with an integrated gas rapid temperature control unit. Connect the gas supply source to an argon (Ar) cylinder with a purity of 99.99%.

[0033] Metal wire array installation: A single pure aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 20 mm is installed between the electrodes of the jet generating cavity.

[0034] Medium filling: Inject deionized water into the jet generation chamber until the aluminum wire and electrodes are completely submerged, and keep it still to eliminate air bubbles.

[0035] Workpiece positioning: Select aluminum oxide with a thickness of 2.0mm ( The ceramic plate is fixed on the workpiece clamping table as the workpiece to be processed. The displacement table is adjusted so that the workpiece to be processed point is directly opposite the main nozzle outlet. The target distance (the distance from the main nozzle outlet to the workpiece surface) is set to 10mm.

[0036] Electrical parameter settings: Set the charging voltage of the pulse power supply to 20kV and the energy storage capacitor to 4 kV. .

[0037] Step 2: Constructing a preheated vortex field Temperature control setting: Activate the resistance wire heating module of the gas rapid temperature control unit to set the gas preheating temperature to 200℃.

[0038] Eddy current triggering: The gas solenoid valve is opened 50ms before the trigger pulse power supply discharges.

[0039] Flow field formation: Heated argon gas enters the annular gas chamber of the vortex confinement unit at a flow rate of 25 SLM (standard liters / minute) and is ejected at high speed through 8 tangentially tilted nozzles (tilt angle 30°) distributed around the main nozzle.

[0040] State description: As the gas is heated to 200℃, the gas density decreases. Under the action of centrifugal force, a high-temperature, high-speed rotating stable vortex field is formed in the area between the main nozzle outlet and the workpiece, and a low-pressure, low-density channel is formed at the central axis of the vortex.

[0041] Step 3: Generation of electrical explosion and photon radiation Discharge trigger: Once the preheated eddy current field is established stably, the pulse power switch is triggered.

[0042] Energy conversion: The electrical energy in the energy storage capacitor is 3 The energy is released through an aluminum wire, which instantly undergoes an electrical explosion phase transition, transforming into high-temperature, high-pressure plasma that drives the surrounding water medium to form a shock wave.

[0043] Light radiation release: Accompanied by the electric explosion process, the aluminum wire plasma radiates strong ultraviolet (UV) light and soft X-ray photon pulses. The photons pass through the main nozzle along the axis and enter the argon vortex field in front.

[0044] Step 4: Jet Propagation under Hybrid Physics Field Constraints Jet injection: The electric explosion drives the water medium to converge through the main nozzle, forming an ultra-high-speed liquid jet with an initial velocity of about 1.5 km / s. The jet immediately enters the central low-pressure zone of the preheated argon vortex field.

[0045] In-situ plasma excitation: A strong ultraviolet photon interacts with high-temperature argon atoms. Because the argon gas is in a high-temperature thermally excited state and has a low ionization threshold, it undergoes rapid photoionization under the action of the photon, causing the original neutral gas vortex to transform into a weakly ionized rotating plasma vortex within nanoseconds.

[0046] Synergistic constraint effect: Aerodynamic constraint: The low-density central region caused by high temperature greatly reduces the air resistance at the jet head (aerodynamic heating drag reduction effect), and the external rotating airflow provides an inward radial pressure gradient, which suppresses jet divergence.

[0047] Electromagnetic confinement: The rotating argon plasma generates a transient circumferential magnetic field, which applies a centripetal Lorentz force to the jet column, further squeezing the jet and maintaining energy density.

[0048] Step 5: Drilling and chip removal Material removal: A highly condensed ultra-high-speed jet impacts the surface of the alumina ceramic plate, using water hammer pressure (exceeding the dynamic yield strength of the material) to cause the ceramic material to be pulverized and removed, forming micropores.

[0049] Active chip removal: The high-speed rotating argon gas field outside continuously and rapidly rolls away the ceramic micro powder and splash water mist generated during drilling from the processing area along a spiral trajectory, preventing chip accumulation from interfering with subsequent jets (if multiple pulses are required).

[0050] Step Six: Post-processing After processing, turn off the gas supply and power, remove the alumina ceramic plate, place it in anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 55 minutes, and dry it before testing.

[0051] Example 2: This embodiment provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. It utilizes cryogenic xenon gas to construct a high-density aerodynamic barrier and combines this with the extremely low ionization energy of xenon gas to generate strong electromagnetic confinement, enabling drilling of high-strength metallic materials with large aspect ratios. The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows: Step 1: System Preparation and Parameter Setting Device Connection: An ultra-high-speed jet drilling device integrating a rapid gas temperature control unit (including a semiconductor refrigeration module) is selected. The gas supply source is connected to a xenon (Xe) gas cylinder with a purity of 99.995%.

[0052] Metal wire array installation: A single pure copper wire (Cu) with a diameter of 0.15 mm and a length of 25 mm is installed between the electrodes of the jet generating cavity. Compared with aluminum wire, copper wire electro-explosion can generate higher energy density.

[0053] Medium filling: Deionized water is injected into the jet generation chamber until the copper wire and electrodes are completely submerged.

[0054] Workpiece positioning: A 5.0mm thick titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) plate was selected as the workpiece to be processed and fixed on the workpiece clamping table. The displacement table was adjusted so that the workpiece to be processed point was directly opposite the main nozzle outlet. The target distance (the distance from the main nozzle outlet to the workpiece surface) was set to 15mm to verify the jet coagulation ability at a longer distance.

[0055] Electrical parameter settings: Set the charging voltage of the pulse power supply to 25kV and the energy storage capacitor to 6. This provides higher single-pulse energy than in Example 1.

[0056] Step 2: Constructing a pre-cooled vortex field Temperature control setting: Activate the semiconductor cooling module of the gas rapid temperature control unit to set the gas pre-cooling temperature to [temperature value missing]. 20℃.

[0057] Eddy current triggering: The gas solenoid valve is opened 80ms before the trigger pulse power supply discharges.

[0058] Flow field formation: Cooled cryogenic xenon gas enters the vortex confinement unit at a flow rate of 20 SLM (standard liters per minute) and is ejected through 6 tangentially tilted nozzles (tilt angle 25°) distributed around the main nozzle.

[0059] State description: The low temperature increases the density of xenon gas (compared to room temperature and high temperature gases). Under centrifugal force, a dense and highly rigid cold aerodynamic barrier is formed on the periphery of the jet path. The cold aerodynamic barrier has a strong radial confinement ability on the internal fluid and can effectively prevent the jet from atomizing and diffusing.

[0060] Step 3: Generation of electrical explosion and photon radiation Discharge trigger: Once the pre-cooled eddy current field is established and stabilized, the pulse power switch is triggered.

[0061] Energy conversion: High voltage and high current pass through the copper wire instantly, causing the copper wire to undergo a violent electrical explosion and transform into high temperature and high pressure copper plasma, generating a strong shock wave.

[0062] Optical radiation release: The optical radiation spectrum generated by the electric explosion of the copper wire contains abundant high-energy ultraviolet and soft X-ray photons, and the photon beam is injected axially into the low-temperature xenon gas field in front.

[0063] Step 4: Jet Propagation under Hybrid Physics Field Constraints Jet injection: The shock wave drives the water medium to form an ultra-high-speed jet with an initial velocity of about 1.8 km / s, which is injected into the low-temperature xenon vortex channel.

[0064] In-situ plasma excitation: Xenon (Xe) has the lowest first ionization energy among inert gases (12.13 eV), making it highly susceptible to ionization by photons generated by the electric explosion of a copper wire. Despite the low gas temperature, the injection of high-energy photons can still excite a portion of the xenon gas in the vortex channel into a plasma state instantaneously.

[0065] Synergistic constraint effect: High-density aerodynamic confinement: The outer low-temperature, high-density xenon gas barrier provides strong inertial confinement, physically blocking the radial splashing of the droplets.

[0066] Strong magnetic confinement: Due to the large mass and easy ionization of xenon atoms, the resulting rotating plasma vortex has a high angular momentum and ion density, thereby inducing a stronger circumferential magnetic field. This exerts a significant magnetic pinching force on the high-speed jet, ensuring that the jet maintains extremely high collimation even at a long target distance of 15 mm.

[0067] Step 5: Drilling and chip removal Material removal: The jet beam impacts the titanium alloy surface in a concentrated manner. Due to the extremely high jet velocity, the titanium alloy material is removed through adiabatic shear failure within microseconds, avoiding the recast layer problem common in traditional processing.

[0068] Low-temperature chip removal: The external low-temperature eddy current not only plays a role in mechanical chip removal, but its low-temperature characteristics can also cool the processing area in time, effectively preventing titanium alloy chips from oxidizing or adhering again at high temperatures, thus ensuring the cleanliness of the hole wall.

[0069] Step Six: Post-processing After processing, the system is shut down, and the titanium alloy plate is subjected to routine cleaning and drying, ready for subsequent quality inspection.

[0070] Example 3: This embodiment provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. Without introducing additional thermodynamic control, it utilizes room-temperature argon gas to construct a stable eddy current field and combines this with the fundamental electromagnetic effect excited by electric explosion light radiation. This method is used for efficient and low-cost drilling of general-purpose metal materials. The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows: Step 1: System Preparation and Parameter Setting Device Connection: Select the standard configuration ultra-high-speed jet drilling device (with the temperature control unit off or not in use). Connect the gas supply source to an industrial-grade pure argon (Ar) cylinder.

[0071] Metal Wire Array Installation: A single pure tungsten wire (W) is installed between the electrodes of the jet generating cavity. The tungsten wire has a diameter of 0.2 mm and a length of 20 mm. Tungsten wire has an extremely high melting point and atomic number, and can produce relatively hard X-ray radiation during electro-explosion, which is beneficial to enhancing the photoionization effect.

[0072] Medium filling: Deionized water is injected into the jet generation chamber to completely submerge the tungsten wire and electrodes.

[0073] Workpiece positioning: Select a 304 stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3.0mm as the workpiece to be processed, fix it on the workpiece clamping table, adjust the displacement table so that the workpiece is facing the main nozzle outlet, and set the target distance to 8mm.

[0074] Electrical parameter settings: Set the charging voltage of the pulse power supply to 18kV and the energy storage capacitor to 4 kV. .

[0075] Step 2: Constructing a room-temperature eddy current field Temperature control setting: The gas rapid temperature control unit remains off, and the gas temperature is maintained at ambient room temperature (approximately 25°C).

[0076] Eddy current triggering: The gas solenoid valve is opened 60ms before the trigger pulse power supply discharges.

[0077] Flow field formation: Room temperature argon gas enters the vortex confinement unit at a flow rate of 30 SLM and is ejected through 12 tangentially tilted nozzles (tilt angle 45°).

[0078] State description: The airflow forms a high-speed rotating, room-temperature vortex field in front of the main nozzle. Although there is no temperature gradient to assist it, the centrifugal effect of the rotating airflow itself still establishes a relatively low-pressure area at the axis and forms an aerodynamic barrier on the periphery.

[0079] Step 3: Generation of electrical explosion and photon radiation Discharge trigger: Trigger pulse power supply, current flows through the tungsten filament instantaneously.

[0080] Energy conversion: The tungsten filament undergoes a violent electrical explosion. Due to the high density of tungsten, the peak pressure of the generated shock wave is extremely high, and the plasma after the phase transition radiates high-intensity hard ultraviolet and X-ray photons.

[0081] Light radiation release: A high-energy photon beam penetrates the main nozzle and enters the ambient temperature argon gas vortex in front.

[0082] Step 4: Jet Propagation under Hybrid Physics Field Constraints Jet injection: A high-speed jet with an initial velocity of approximately 1.4 km / s is injected into the center of the vortex field.

[0083] In-situ plasma excitation: Although the argon gas is at room temperature and its ionization efficiency is slightly lower than that of the high-temperature pre-excited state in Example 1, the argon gas in the eddy current channel is still partially ionized thanks to the strong radiation field generated by the tungsten filament electric explosion, forming a plasma channel with a certain degree of conductivity.

[0084] Synergistic constraint effect: Basic aerodynamic constraints: The centripetal pressure gradient provided by the rotating airflow limits the large-scale divergence of the jet.

[0085] Basic electromagnetic confinement: Weakly ionized plasma eddies generate a circumferential magnetic field of a certain strength, which provides auxiliary magnetic confinement force for the jet.

[0086] Overall effect: Compared with the case of no gas or direct gas, the jet stability of this embodiment is improved, which can meet the needs of general industrial precision drilling, and the equipment has lower operating energy consumption (no heating / cooling required).

[0087] Step 5: Drilling and chip removal Material removal: The jet impacts the stainless steel plate, relying on kinetic energy to achieve plastic deformation and erosion removal of the material.

[0088] Swirl chip removal: The ambient temperature vortex field effectively rolls out the metal chips generated during drilling, keeping the processing interface clear and clean, and preventing chips from blocking subsequent jet pulses (if multi-pulse drilling is performed).

[0089] Step Six: Post-processing After processing, the system is shut down, and the stainless steel plate is cleaned and dried in preparation for measuring the hole diameter and roundness.

[0090] Example 4: This embodiment provides a high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets. By optimizing the thermodynamic parameters of the vortex field, it minimizes aerodynamic drag and energy dissipation during long-distance jet transmission. Furthermore, it utilizes the active chip removal capability of the vortex to solve the chip accumulation problem in deep hole machining. This method is suitable for machining high aspect ratio materials in thick plates. The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows: Step 1: System Preparation and Parameter Setting Device connection: An ultra-high-speed jet drilling device with an integrated gas rapid temperature control unit is selected, and the gas source is connected to high-purity argon (Ar).

[0091] Metal wire array installation: To obtain sufficient single-pulse energy to penetrate thick plates, a double parallel array of pure aluminum wires is installed between the electrodes. Each aluminum wire has a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 25 mm, with a spacing of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm between the two wires.

[0092] Medium filling: Inject deionized water to completely submerge the metal wire array.

[0093] Workpiece positioning: A 10.0mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy plate was selected as the workpiece to be processed and fixed on the workpiece clamping table. To verify its potential in processing confined spaces or complex geometries, the target distance (the distance from the main nozzle outlet to the workpiece surface) was deliberately set to a large 20mm. This distance far exceeds the 1mm-5mm effective target distance required by traditional electro-explosive jets.

[0094] Electrical parameter settings: To drive the dual-wire array and compensate for energy loss during long-distance transmission, a relatively high pulse charging voltage of 30kV and an energy storage capacitor of 6 kV are set. .

[0095] Step 2: Constructing a low-damping, temperature-controlled eddy current field Temperature control setting: Activate the gas rapid temperature control unit to set the argon preheating temperature to 250℃. A higher gas temperature reduces gas density and viscosity, thereby minimizing kinetic energy loss of the jet during long-distance flight.

[0096] Eddy current triggering: The gas valve is opened 100ms before discharge.

[0097] Flow field formation: Hot argon gas is ejected at a high flow rate of 40 SLM, forming a powerful, long-reaching rotating vortex channel that covers the entire 20 mm space from the nozzle to the workpiece.

[0098] Step 3: High-energy electrical explosion and photon radiation Discharge triggering: Trigger pulse power supply, high energy is injected into the dual aluminum wire array.

[0099] Energy conversion: When two filaments undergo simultaneous electrical explosion, the resulting shock wave pressure peak and plasma volume are significantly greater than those in the case of a single filament.

[0100] Photoradiation release: The enhanced plasma generates a stronger photon radiation flux, sufficient to penetrate long-distance vortex channels, ensuring that the photoionization effect covers the entire jet path.

[0101] Step 4: Long-distance hybrid field constraint transmission Jet injection: A jet with an extremely high initial velocity enters a low-density hot argon vortex channel.

[0102] Throughout the flight, over a distance of up to 20 mm, the preheated environment reduced nose-end deceleration caused by air resistance; simultaneously, the photon-excited argon plasma vortex provided a continuous magnetic pinching force to counteract the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the jet itself. The jet maintained a high degree of collimation, without significant divergence or breakup.

[0103] Step 5: Multi-pulse deep hole machining and chip removal Pulse Cycle: Due to the thickness of the workpiece (10mm), a multi-pulse fixed-point impact mode is adopted. The system is set to repeatedly execute the water injection-charging-explosion cycle at a frequency of 1Hz, for a total of 10 pulses.

[0104] Deep hole chip removal: During each pulse interval, a high-speed rotating vortex continuously acts on the orifice. The suction effect generated by the vortex rapidly extracts metal debris and residual water from the bottom of the deep hole, preventing the formation of a water cushion buffer layer at the bottom of the hole and ensuring that the next jet pulse can directly act on the surface of fresh material.

[0105] Step Six: Post-processing After processing, the system is shut down, the aluminum alloy plate is removed, and cleaned. The perpendicularity and depth of the hole are inspected by cross-section observation or X-ray fluoroscopy to verify whether the penetration of a 10mm thick plate and the hole shape quality were successfully achieved at a target distance of 20mm.

[0106] Comparative Examples 1-3: Comparative Example 1: This comparative example provides a conventional underwater metal wire electro-explosive drilling method (without eddy current constraint). Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the gas supply system is not turned on and no eddy current constraint unit is set. After the ultra-high speed jet is ejected from the main nozzle, it directly propagates in the still atmospheric environment and impacts the workpiece without being subject to any aerodynamic or electromagnetic field auxiliary constraint. The other system configurations (such as tungsten wire material, voltage 18kV, target distance 8mm) are the same as in Example 3.

[0107] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example provides a drilling method using ordinary air vortex assistance (without photoionization enhancement). Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the vortex gas is replaced with ordinary compressed air. Although the vortex field at room temperature is also constructed, due to the high average ionization energy and complex composition of air, it is difficult to generate effective photoionization and subsequent plasma magnetic confinement effect under the ultraviolet / X-ray radiation generated by the electric explosion. It only has the basic pneumatic rotation chip removal function. The other parameters are the same as those in Example 3.

[0108] Comparative Example 3: This comparative example provides a drilling method (non-vortex structure) assisted by coaxial direct-blowing gas. The difference from Example 1 is that the gas injection structure is changed, replacing the tangentially tilted nozzle with a coaxial direct-blowing nozzle. Preheated argon gas to 200°C is blown directly parallel to the workpiece along the axis of the main nozzle, forming a laminar protective gas, rather than a high-speed rotating vortex field (i.e., unable to form a central low-pressure adsorption zone and an external high-pressure aerodynamic barrier). All other parameters (such as argon gas medium, temperature, and voltage 20kV) are the same as in Example 1.

[0109] Test Example 1-2: Test Example 1: Verification of Hybrid Physics Field Constraint Mechanism and Testing of Jet Dynamics Characteristics This test case primarily verifies the actual generation of the hybrid physical field (aerodynamic vortex and photoinduced plasma magnetic field) described in this invention, and quantitatively evaluates its velocity-maintaining capability and constraint effect on ultra-high-speed jets propagating in air. The test focuses on verifying the effectiveness of the physical mechanism and does not involve characterizing the specific perforation quality. Test methods and steps: The experiment was set up in an explosion-proof optical anechoic chamber, and data was acquired by combining non-contact optical measurement with electromagnetic detection.

[0110] The jet velocity retention rate test uses ultra-high-speed shadow imaging technology to capture the jet flight trajectory.

[0111] Light source configuration: A high-brightness pulsed laser is used as the backlight, with a pulse width set to 10ns, to freeze the motion blur of high-speed fluids.

[0112] Camera settings: High-speed framing camera positioned perpendicular to the jet axis, frame rate set to 200,000 fps, exposure time 1 second. .

[0113] Measurement point selection: Two speed measurement observation windows are set, the first window is located at the main nozzle outlet (defined as position). ), used to obtain the initial velocity The second window is located at the set target distance (defined as position). (), used to obtain the terminal velocity reaching the workpiece surface. .

[0114] Data processing: The displacement of the jet head wavefront is identified using image processing algorithms, the instantaneous velocity at each location is calculated, and the result is applied according to the formula: ; in: To calculate the velocity decay rate.

[0115] Transient magnetic field signal detection employs a high-frequency broadband magnetic probe to detect changes in magnetic flux around the jet path in order to verify the existence of a photoinduced plasma circumferential magnetic field.

[0116] Probe arrangement: Place the insulated and encapsulated miniature magnetic probe on the side of the eddy current field, 3 mm away from the center of the jet, with the probe coil plane parallel to the jet axis to sense the circumferential magnetic field component.

[0117] Signal acquisition: The probe output is connected to a 500MHz bandwidth digital oscilloscope to record the signal after the electrical explosion triggers. -50 The induced voltage waveform within.

[0118] Signal interpretation: The relative strength of the transient magnetic field is characterized by the peak voltage acquired by the oscilloscope (after integration and conversion). The background noise reference is set to 0.05V.

[0119] Test Groups: Examples 1 (preheated Ar vortex), 2 (precooled Xe vortex), 3 (room temperature Ar vortex), and 4 (long target distance dual-wire Ar vortex), as well as Comparative Examples 1 (no gas), 2 (air vortex), and 3 (direct blowing Ar) were selected for comparative testing. Each group was repeated 5 times, and the average or typical value was recorded after removing data with obvious operational errors.

[0120] Test data The experimental data are shown in the table below.

[0121] Table 1. Test data of jet velocity attenuation and magnetic field signal intensity under different constraint conditions Conclusion Analysis Based on the data in Table 1 and the technical mechanism proposed in this invention, the analysis is as follows: Verification of the existence of the mixed field: Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 all detected magnetic probe signals higher than the background noise (0.05V), with Example 2 (xenon) showing the strongest signal (1.87V), followed by Example 1 (preheated argon). This confirms that the inert gas underwent photoionization under the intense light radiation of the electro-explosion, generating a circumferential magnetic field driven by the eddy current rotation. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 (no gas) showed no signal, and Comparative Example 2 (air), due to its high ionization energy and the quenching of electrons by oxygen components, only detected a weak signal (0.12V), demonstrating that low-ionization-energy inert gas is a key element in constructing electromagnetic confinement.

[0122] Regarding velocity decay and aerodynamic thermodynamic control: Comparative Example 1 showed a velocity decay of up to 23.32% over a short distance of 8 mm, indicating that the ultra-high-speed jet is greatly affected by shock wave drag in still air. Example 1, by reducing gas density through preheating and combining it with magnetic confinement, controlled the decay rate to 2.91% over a distance of 10 mm, which is better than the direct-blowing mode of Comparative Example 3 (13.13%). This shows that the low-pressure region at the center of the vortex reduces aerodynamic drag, and that laminar shear in the direct-blowing mode actually induces Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the jet interface.

[0123] Regarding long-distance transmission and integrated constraint: Examples 2 and 4 maintained extremely low velocity decay rates (2.63% and 6.92%, respectively) at large target distances (15mm and 20mm). In particular, Example 2, utilizing the high-density barrier effect of cryogenic xenon combined with a strong magnetic effect, achieved an energy retention rate at a distance of 15mm that far exceeded conventional understanding. This indicates that the aerodynamic-thermodynamic-electromagnetic hybrid field constructed in this invention can suppress the radial divergence and fragmentation of the jet, enabling the ultra-high-speed liquid jet to possess long-range impact capability.

[0124] In summary, the eddy current confinement scheme based on photon excitation and thermodynamic control proposed in this invention is physically feasible and can improve the transmission stability and energy density of ultra-high-speed jets.

[0125] Test Example 2: Comparative Test of Drilling Process Performance and Processing Quality This test case primarily quantitatively evaluates the geometric accuracy, forming quality, and chip removal effect of the drilling method described in this invention in actual material processing. By comparing the hole shape parameters under different physical field constraints, the effectiveness of photoionization eddy current field and thermodynamic control in suppressing jet divergence and improving processing quality is verified. Test methods and steps: Samples were prepared according to the process parameters set in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 above, and drilling experiments were conducted. Ten holes were processed for each set of parameters to obtain statistical data.

[0126] Samples that failed to penetrate the workpiece effectively were marked as not penetrated and were not included in the hole geometry parameter statistics.

[0127] After post-processing and measurement, the workpiece is placed in an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes to remove loose surface deposits. After drying, it is then tested.

[0128] Microscopic morphology measurement: The inlet diameter of the orifice was measured using a three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscope. outlet diameter The morphology of the inner wall was scanned.

[0129] Roundness error: The cross-sectional profile at 1 / 2 of the hole depth is taken, and the maximum radial deviation between the actual profile and the ideal circle is calculated by the least squares method.

[0130] According to the formula: ; in: For the taper of the hole, The thickness is the plate thickness.

[0131] Chip removal contamination radius: Before cleaning, the maximum radial distance of the area covered by slag or splashes around the orifice is measured using an optical microscope to characterize the chip removal efficiency.

[0132] The test data and experimental measurement data statistics are shown in Table 2.

[0133] Table 2. Statistics on hole geometry parameters and machining quality under different constraints Conclusion Analysis Based on the data in Table 2 and experimental phenomena, the process mechanism of the present invention is analyzed as follows: The decisive role of hybrid field confinement in precision: Comparing Example 3 (room temperature argon vortex) and Comparative Example 2 (room temperature air vortex), under the same hydrodynamic structure, the roundness error of Example 3 (8.91 μm) is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 2 (35.60 μm), and the hole taper is reduced by approximately 64%. The difference stems from the plasma magnetic confinement effect generated by the excitation of argon gas under the light radiation of an electric explosion, while air lacks this effect. The results confirm that aerodynamic swirling alone cannot completely suppress the dynamic divergence of ultra-high-speed jets; a photon-excited magnetic pinching mechanism must be introduced to achieve high-precision machining.

[0134] Thermodynamic control optimizes jet morphology: Example 1 uses a preheating mode to achieve an extremely low taper of 1.15° on hard and brittle alumina ceramic at a target distance of 10 mm, which is superior to the direct-blowing mode (6.21°) in Comparative Example 3. Preheating reduces the gas density at the vortex center, reducing shock wave loss at the jet head; simultaneously, the vortex structure establishes a stable radial pressure gradient compared to the direct-blowing method, avoiding the inlet edge breakage phenomenon caused by shear layer instability in Comparative Example 3. Example 2 uses pre-cooled xenon gas to process 5 mm titanium alloy at a target distance of 15 mm, obtaining the smallest hole taper (0.82°) among all groups. This indicates that the combination of low-temperature, high-density gas barriers and strong magnetic confinement can resist jet atomization during long-distance transmission, ensuring that energy is highly concentrated at the axis.

[0135] Relationship between chip removal performance and flow field structure: For all groups employing vortex structures (Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 2), the chip removal contamination radius (0.28 mm-1.15 mm) was smaller than that of Comparative Example 1 in the gas-free state (4.12 mm). Among them, Example 2 achieved the most thorough chip removal due to the heat sink effect of the low-temperature gas, which prevented the high-temperature adhesion of titanium alloy chips. Comparative Example 1, lacking an active chip removal mechanism, had its processing area covered by splashed water mist and molten slag, resulting in jet energy dissipation and a penetration rate of only 40%.

[0136] In summary, this invention solves the technical bottlenecks of low precision, large taper, and short working distance in traditional electro-explosive jet processing by using the synergistic effect of temperature-controlled eddy current and photon-excited plasma, thus achieving efficient and precise removal of hard, brittle, and difficult-to-process materials.

Claims

1. A high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets, characterized in that, The ultra-high-speed jet high-precision drilling method relies on a drilling device integrating gas thermodynamic control and photoelectric hybrid field confinement functions. The drilling device includes a jet generation unit, an eddy current confinement unit, a gas supply system, and a pulse power source. The ultra-high-speed jet high-precision drilling method includes the following steps: Step 1: Install a metal wire array between the electrodes of the jet generating unit and inject liquid medium until the metal wire array is submerged. Fix the workpiece to be processed below the main nozzle and set the target distance. Step 2: Before triggering the electric explosion, start the gas supply system to introduce inert gas into the eddy current confinement unit. The gas is then ejected at high speed through the tangentially inclined nozzle in the eddy current confinement unit, forming a high-speed rotating columnar eddy current field between the main nozzle and the workpiece. Step 3: Trigger the pulsed power source to induce an electric explosion of the metal wire, driving the liquid medium to form an initial ultra-high-speed jet. At the same time, the ultraviolet and X-ray radiation pulses generated by the electric explosion pass through the main nozzle and act on the columnar vortex field. Through the photoionization mechanism, the inert gas is excited in situ into rotating plasma to induce the generation of a circumferential magnetic field. Step 4: The initial ultra-high-speed jet is injected into the excited columnar vortex field, which traverses the target distance space and impacts the workpiece under the combined constraint of aerodynamic pressure gradient and electromagnetic Lorentz force.

2. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the tangentially tilted nozzles are evenly distributed in the vortex confinement unit along the circumferential direction. The axis of the tangentially tilted nozzles is tangentially arranged relative to the central axis of the main nozzle and has a set inward tilting angle, forming a low-pressure core region at the axis of the columnar vortex field.

3. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the gas supply system further includes a temperature control unit, and the inert gas is introduced into the eddy current confinement unit in a preheating mode, wherein the resistance heating module in the temperature control unit heats the inert gas to 200°C to 250°C.

4. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the gas supply system also includes a temperature control unit. Before the inert gas is introduced into the eddy current confinement unit, a pre-cooling mode is included. The inert gas is cooled to -10℃ to -40℃ using the semiconductor refrigeration module in the temperature control unit. The cooled inert gas forms a cold aerodynamic barrier around the jet path.

5. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the inert gas is argon or xenon. In step three, the photoionization mechanism is based on the fact that the photon energy of the ultraviolet and X-ray radiation pulse is greater than the first ionization energy of the argon or xenon, which excites the neutral gas vortex into a weakly ionized rotating plasma vortex.

6. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the time for starting the gas supply system is set to 50ms to 100ms before triggering the discharge of the pulse power source.

7. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the charging voltage of the pulse power source is set to 18kV~30kV, and the energy storage capacitor is set to 4 kV. ~6 This results in the initial hypervelocity jet having a velocity range of 1.4 km / s to 1.95 km / s.

8. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the material of the metal wire array is selected from aluminum, copper or tungsten. The metal wire array is composed of a single metal wire or two parallel metal wires. When two parallel metal wires are used, a spacing of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm is maintained between the two metal wires.

9. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultra-high-speed jet high-precision drilling method also includes a chip removal step: During and after the drilling process, the supply of the columnar vortex field is maintained, and the suction effect generated by the continuous rotating airflow is used to discharge the processing debris and waste liquid along the spiral path from the processing area.

10. The high-precision drilling method using ultra-high-speed jets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the target distance is set to 8mm to 20mm, and the material of the workpiece to be processed includes ceramics, titanium alloys, stainless steel or aluminum alloys.

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