Water ecological algae-removing water purifying device and method

Abstract

The application provides a water ecological algae-removing water purification device and method, and relates to the field of water environment treatment.The water ecological algae-removing water purification device comprises a floating frame, a water inlet module, a temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module, a multi-layer filtration module, an ecological disinfection module, a water outlet module, a real-time monitoring module and an intelligent automatic control system, and is characterized in that the floating frame is a hollow ring structure, the material is environmentally-friendly high-density polyethylene, the bottom of the frame is provided with adjustable counterweights, and the top of the frame is provided with a solar power supply unit.The application improves the temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting agent, combines the synergistic effect of the high-efficiency algae-inhibiting property of flavonoid compounds and nanomaterials, realizes the water temperature dynamic adaptation of the release of the agent through a mixed temperature control switch, designs an integrated device, integrates the water distribution, temperature control drug release, multi-layer filtration, ecological disinfection, real-time monitoring and intelligent control, and realizes the high efficiency, automation and ecology of algae-removing water purification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment management, specifically to a water ecological algae removal and water purification device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the aggravation of agricultural non-point source pollution, eutrophication of water bodies is becoming increasingly prominent, leading to frequent cyanobacterial blooms. Cyanobacterial blooms not only block sunlight from reaching water bodies and inhibit photosynthesis in aquatic plants, but also release algal toxins, threatening the survival of aquatic organisms and the safety of human drinking water. Currently, commonly used aquatic ecological algae control technologies mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods, but all have significant limitations. Physical methods, such as mechanical harvesting and aeration, can quickly remove surface algal cells, but cannot completely remove suspended algal cells and small-molecule algal metabolites from the water. Chemical methods, such as adding copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide, inhibit cyanobacterial growth, but uneven diffusion of these agents in the water can lead to excessively high local concentrations causing secondary pollution, or insufficient concentrations to achieve the desired algae-suppressing effect. Biological methods, such as releasing algae-eating insects and planting aquatic plants, lack sufficient emergency response capabilities for outbreaks of algal blooms. While biofilm methods can degrade organic matter, their direct inhibitory effect on algal cells is weak and requires synergistic use with other technologies.

[0003] Therefore, this invention proposes an aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device and method, thereby effectively solving the above-mentioned problems and difficulties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device and method. By improving a temperature-responsive composite algaecide, combining the high algae-inhibiting properties of flavonoids with the synergistic effect of nanomaterials, and using a hybrid temperature control switch to achieve dynamic adaptation of the water temperature for agent release, an integrated device is designed that integrates water inlet distribution, temperature-controlled drug release, multi-layer filtration, ecological disinfection, real-time monitoring, and intelligent control. This achieves high efficiency, automation, and ecological algae removal and water purification. Furthermore, through material selection and toxicity optimization, the safety of the device and agents for the aquatic ecosystem is ensured, meeting long-term treatment needs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A water ecological algae removal and purification device includes a floating frame, a water inlet module, a temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module, a multi-layer filtration module, an ecological disinfection module, a water outlet module, a real-time monitoring module, and an intelligent automatic control system. The floating frame is characterized by having a hollow ring structure, being made of environmentally friendly high-density polyethylene, having an adjustable counterweight at the bottom, and a solar power supply unit at the top. The water inlet module includes a water distribution pipeline, a pre-filter, and a submersible pump. The water distribution pipeline is evenly distributed along the inner side of the floating frame, and several downward-sloping water distribution holes are opened on the pipeline. The pre-filter is sleeved on the water inlet end of the water distribution pipeline, and the submersible pump is connected to the water distribution pipeline. The temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module is located between the water inlet module and the multi-layer filtration module. It includes an algae-inhibiting agent storage tank, a temperature-controlled release unit, and a stirring assembly. The algae-inhibiting agent storage tank is made of transparent polycarbonate. The temperature-controlled release unit includes a temperature sensor, an electromagnetic regulating valve, and a release nozzle. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the intelligent automatic control system. Multiple release nozzles are evenly arranged along the water flow direction. The stirring assembly includes a micro stirring motor and a stirring paddle to maintain a uniform concentration of the algae-inhibiting agent. The multi-layer filtration module is a cylindrical structure located at the center of the floating frame. It includes a filter media layer, a support grid, and a backwashing unit. The filter media layer consists of a quartz sand layer, an activated carbon layer, a ceramic particle layer, and a biofilm carrier layer from bottom to top. The support grid is made of polypropylene. The backwashing unit includes a backwashing water pump and a backwashing pipeline. The backwashing water flow direction is opposite to the filtration water flow direction. The ecological disinfection module is located at the outlet of the multi-layer filtration module and includes an ultraviolet disinfection lamp or an ozone generator. The ultraviolet disinfection lamp is a low-pressure mercury lamp. The outlet module includes an outlet pipe and an outlet weir. The outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the multi-layer filtration module. The outlet weir is equipped with a water level regulating plate to control the outlet flow rate. The real-time monitoring module includes a water quality sensor group and a data transmission unit; the water quality sensor group includes an algae density sensor, a COD sensor, a turbidity sensor, a pH sensor, and a water temperature sensor; the data transmission unit uses a LoRa or 4G module, which can transmit monitoring data to the intelligent automatic control system in real time. The intelligent automatic control system includes a central control host, a touch screen display, and a remote control terminal. The central control host can adjust the submersible pump flow rate, the algaecide release amount of the temperature control release unit, the operating status of the backwash unit, and the working parameters of the ecological disinfection module based on real-time monitoring data. It also supports remote start / stop and parameter setting.

[0006] A method for algae removal and water purification in aquatic ecosystems, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Device deployment. Place the floating frame in the water body to be treated, adjust the counterweight to keep the device level, connect the solar power unit, and ensure that each module is powered on normally. Set the initial parameters through the intelligent automatic control system, including the initial flow rate of the submersible pump, the algaecide release threshold water temperature, the backwashing cycle, and the working intensity of the disinfection module. Step 2: Water inlet and distribution. Start the submersible pump. After the water to be treated is filtered by the pre-filter to remove large particles, it enters the water distribution pipeline and is evenly distributed to the area where the temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module is located through the water distribution holes to avoid excessive local water flow or algae cell accumulation. Step 3: Temperature-controlled algae removal. A temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in real time. When the water temperature is ≥20℃, the intelligent automatic control system controls the electromagnetic regulating valve to increase its opening. The temperature-responsive composite algaecide is sprayed into the water through the release nozzle. The n-heptadecane-n-octadecane mixed temperature control switch in the temperature-responsive composite algaecide undergoes a phase change due to the increase in water temperature, changing the microstructure of the sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier, accelerating the release of DHF and nano ZnO, interfering with the cyanobacteria photosynthetic system, and effectively inhibiting algae. When the water temperature is <20℃, the electromagnetic regulating valve decreases its opening, the algaecide release rate decreases, and the waste of the agent and environmental residue are reduced. Step 4: Multi-layer filtration. After algae suppression treatment, the water flows into the multi-layer filtration module by gravity. It passes through the biofilm carrier layer to degrade small molecule organic matter and residual algal metabolites, the ceramic particle layer to adsorb suspended algal cells and colloidal impurities, the activated carbon layer to remove odors, pigments and some heavy metals, and the quartz sand layer to intercept fine particles, thereby achieving deep purification of the water. Step 5: Ecological disinfection. The filtered water enters the ecological disinfection module. If an ultraviolet disinfection lamp is used, the water flows through the ultraviolet irradiation area to kill the harmful bacteria and algae cells remaining in the water. If an ozone generator is used, the ozone is fully mixed with the water through the aeration disc. After disinfection, the remaining ozone is decomposed into oxygen through the exhaust gas destroyer to avoid secondary pollution. Step 6: Water discharge and monitoring feedback. The disinfected water is discharged through the water discharge pipe and weir. The real-time monitoring module continuously monitors the algae density, COD, turbidity and pH value at the water discharge end. If algae density > 10 is detected 5 If the number of cells / mL or COD > 50 mg / L, the intelligent automatic control system will automatically increase the release rate of algaecide, increase the flow rate of the submersible pump, or start the backwashing unit until the water quality index returns to the set threshold. Step 7: Regular maintenance. Regularly check the pre-filter and filter media layer, and clean the pre-filter to prevent clogging. If the filter media layer resistance increases to 1.5 times the initial value, replace the activated carbon and ceramic granule layer to ensure filtration efficiency. Regularly replenish the temperature-responsive composite algaecide in the algaecide storage tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the temperature-responsive composite algaecide comprises DHF 1.0%–1.5%, nano-ZnO 0.3%–0.5%, sodium alginate 2.0%–2.5%, chitosan 2.5%–3.0%, a mixed temperature control switch of n-heptadecane-n-octadecane 3%–5%, and the balance being deionized water. The nano-ZnO has a particle size of 20–50 nm and is modified with a silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with the carrier.

[0008] Furthermore, the algae inhibitor storage tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor. When the remaining amount of algae inhibitor is less than 10%, the intelligent automatic control system issues an audible and visual alarm and pushes a replenishment reminder to the remote control terminal through the data transmission unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the top of the multi-layer filter module is equipped with an exhaust valve to remove air bubbles generated during the filtration process, preventing air bubbles from occupying the pores of the filter media and affecting the filtration effect. Water-permeable baffles are provided between the filter media layers. The baffles are made of polypropylene with an opening rate of 25% to 30% to prevent different filter media from mixing.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 3, the method for preparing the temperature-responsive composite algaecide includes the following steps during the temperature-controlled release algae removal process: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Dissolve DHF powder of mass concentration in methanol solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 20-30 min to obtain DHF solution. Add nano ZnO to deionized water and disperse using a high-speed disperser to obtain nano ZnO dispersion. S2: Preparation of carrier solution: Add sodium alginate powder to deionized water and stir to dissolve for 30-40 min under a water bath at 60-70℃. After cooling to room temperature, add chitosan powder and continue stirring for 20-30 min to obtain sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier solution. S3: Temperature control switch mixing: Mix n-heptadecane and n-octadecane at a mass ratio of 3:1, and heat in a water bath at 30-35℃ until completely melted to obtain a mixed temperature control switch; S4: Algae inhibitor compound: Add DHF solution, nano ZnO dispersion and mixing temperature control switch to sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier solution in sequence, stir with a stirrer for 40-60 minutes to form a uniform suspension, and obtain temperature-responsive composite algae inhibitor.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S5, if the concentration of algal cells in the water is higher than >10 5 The system automatically increases the irradiation dose of the ultraviolet disinfection lamp to 250-300 mJ / cm², or increases the ozone production of the ozone generator to 250-300 mg / h, to ensure disinfection effectiveness.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S7, when replacing the filter media, first turn off the submersible pump and the ecological disinfection module, open the inspection cover on the top of the multi-layer filtration module, and take out the biofilm carrier layer, ceramsite layer, activated carbon layer and quartz sand layer in sequence. After cleaning the support grid, put the new filter media in the original order. During the loading process, gently tap the filter media layer to ensure that the filter media is evenly distributed and without gaps.

[0013] This invention provides an aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device and method. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides an aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device with high algae suppression efficiency and long-lasting effect. The improved temperature-responsive composite algaecide achieves an algae suppression rate of over 95% through the synergistic effect of DHF and nano-ZnO. The mixed temperature control switch enables dynamic response to water temperature, increasing agent release when water temperature rises in spring and summer and reducing release in autumn and winter, thus significantly extending the algae suppression effect and avoiding agent waste. Furthermore, it provides comprehensive water purification effects, integrating multi-layer filtration and ecological disinfection. It not only removes algae cells but also adsorbs organic matter, algal toxins, and heavy metals, and kills microorganisms. The COD removal rate is ≥80%, and the turbidity reduction rate is ≥90%.

[0014] 2. This invention provides an aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device and method. The device has a high degree of automation and intelligence. The real-time monitoring module and intelligent automatic control system realize the automation of water quality monitoring, parameter adjustment and fault alarm. It supports remote control, requires no manual operation, reduces operation and maintenance costs, and the data storage and trend analysis functions provide a basis for optimizing the treatment plan. Moreover, it has high ecological safety. The algae inhibitor has no acute toxicity to non-target organisms such as Daphnia magna and zebrafish. The device is made of environmentally friendly materials and releases no harmful substances. The disinfection module uses ultraviolet light or ozone, leaving no chemical residues and protecting the aquatic ecosystem. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation steps of the aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1:

[0017] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention provides an aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device, which adopts a modular design and the modules work together. The specific structure is as follows: Floating frame: Serving as the load-bearing foundation of the device, it adopts a hollow ring structure and is made of environmentally friendly high-density polyethylene (HDPE). It features acid and alkali resistance, aging resistance, and high buoyancy, allowing it to adapt to different water level changes. The bottom of the frame is equipped with adjustable counterweights made of cast iron, covered with an epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer. The draft of the device can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights to ensure that the device remains level under fluctuating water flow. The top is equipped with a solar power supply unit, including a 100-300W monocrystalline silicon solar panel, a 50-100Ah lithium iron phosphate battery, and an MPPT charge and discharge controller. It can switch between solar and mains power supply to meet the normal operation of the device under continuous 72-hour no-sunlight conditions. The outside of the frame is wrapped with a 5-10cm thick anti-collision buffer layer to prevent the device from being damaged by collisions with the shore, boats, or other objects. Water Inlet Module: Responsible for evenly introducing the water to be treated into the device, avoiding localized algal cell accumulation. Includes a submersible pump, water distribution pipeline, and pre-filter. The submersible pump is a brushless DC submersible pump with a rated flow rate of 5–50 m³ / h. The water distribution pipeline is made of UPVC and is arranged in a ring along the inner side of the floating frame. Several downward-sloping water distribution holes with a 30° angle to the horizontal are opened on the pipeline, with a diameter of 5–8 mm and a spacing of 15–20 cm to ensure even water distribution. The flow velocity is controlled at 0.1–0.3 m / s to avoid impacting algal cells and causing toxin release. The pre-filter is an 80-100 mesh stainless steel woven mesh, fitted onto the water inlet end of the water distribution pipeline, filtering large particles of impurities in the water and preventing pipeline blockage. The filter is removable for easy cleaning and maintenance. Temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module: The core functional module of the device, responsible for dynamically releasing algaecides based on water temperature to inhibit cyanobacteria growth. It includes an algaecide storage tank, a temperature-controlled release unit, and a stirring assembly. Algaecide storage tank: made of transparent polycarbonate PC, with a volume of 5-50L, making it easy to observe the remaining amount of algaecide. The tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor. When the remaining amount of algaecide is <10%, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and a replenishment reminder is pushed to a remote terminal. Temperature-controlled release unit: It consists of a temperature sensor, an electromagnetic regulating valve and a release nozzle. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the intelligent automatic control system to transmit water temperature data in real time. The electromagnetic regulating valve adjusts its opening according to the water temperature signal to control the release rate of algaecide. Stirring components: including a 10-50W micro stirring motor and a polypropylene stirring paddle, with a speed of 50-150r / min, stirring 10-15 times per hour, each stirring for 5-10 minutes, to maintain the uniform concentration of the suspension in the algaecide storage tank and prevent component sedimentation. Multi-layer filtration module: Achieves deep water purification, removing suspended algae cells, colloidal impurities, organic matter, and some heavy metals. It has a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 0.8–2m and a height of 1.2–2m, and is located at the center of the floating frame. It includes a filter media layer, supporting grid, permeable baffles, and a backwashing unit. Filter media layers: From bottom to top, there are: a quartz sand layer with a particle size of 2-4 mm and a thickness of 15-20 cm, which traps fine particles; an activated carbon layer with a particle size of 1-2 mm and a thickness of 10-15 cm, which adsorbs odors, pigments, algal toxins, and some heavy metals, using coconut shell activated carbon with an iodine value ≥1000 mg / g; a ceramic granule layer with a particle size of 3-5 mm and a thickness of 8-12 cm, which adsorbs suspended algal cells and colloidal impurities with a porosity ≥50%; and a biofilm carrier layer, which is made of polyurethane sponge with a pore size of 30-50 PPI and a thickness of 5-8 cm, which supports heterotrophic microorganisms to degrade small molecule organic matter and algal metabolites. Support grid: made of polypropylene with an opening ratio of 30% to 40%, used to support the filter media layer and prevent the filter media from sinking; Permeable baffles: placed between each filter media layer, made of polypropylene with an opening rate of 25% to 30%, to prevent different filter media from mixing and ensure that water flows vertically through the filter media layer; Backwashing unit: includes backwashing water pump and backwashing pipeline. The backwashing cycle is 7-15 days, and the single backwashing time is 10-20 minutes. The backwashing water flow direction is opposite to the filter water flow direction, from bottom to top. The flushing intensity is 10-15 L / (m²・s). It can effectively remove impurities trapped in the filter media layer and restore the filtration capacity. The top of the module is equipped with an exhaust valve to discharge the air bubbles generated during the filtration process and avoid the air bubbles affecting the utilization rate of the filter media pores. Ecological disinfection module: Kills harmful bacteria and algae cells remaining in the water, prevents secondary pollution, and provides two disinfection methods to choose from; Ultraviolet disinfection: Low-pressure mercury lamps are used and installed in the quartz sleeve of the outlet of the multi-layer filter module. The ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm and the irradiation dose is 100-200mJ / cm². The water flows through the outside of the sleeve and the irradiation time is 3-5s. There are no chemical residues and it is friendly to aquatic organisms. Ozone disinfection: An air-source ozone generator is used, producing 50-200 mg / h of ozone. The ozone is thoroughly mixed with the water through a titanium alloy aeration disc with a pore size of 10-20 μm and a contact time of 5-10 minutes. This method has high disinfection efficiency, and any remaining ozone can be quickly decomposed into oxygen in the water, increasing dissolved oxygen levels. The module is equipped with a tail gas destroyer at the end to decompose undissolved ozone into oxygen, preventing it from being released into the air and causing pollution. Water discharge module: discharges the purified water, including water discharge pipe and water discharge weir. The water discharge weir is equipped with an adjustable water level plate. By adjusting the height of the water level plate, the water flow rate is controlled, so that the water inlet and outlet flow rates of the device are balanced and the water level inside the device is kept stable. Real-time monitoring module: Collects water quality data and device operating status in real time, providing a basis for intelligent control. Includes a water quality sensor group and a data transmission unit; Water quality sensor array: installed at both the inlet and outlet, including an algae density sensor with a detection range of 10³-10. 7 cells / mL, accuracy ±5%, COD sensor, detection range 0-500mg / L, based on potassium dichromate method, accuracy ±10%, turbidity sensor, detection range 0-100NTU, based on scattering method, accuracy ±2%, pH sensor, detection range 6~9, accuracy ±0.1pH, water temperature sensor. Data transmission unit: Employs LoRa or 4G modules to transmit monitoring data to the intelligent control system in real time, with a transmission frequency of 1-5 minutes / time and a data packet loss rate of ≤1%; Intelligent automatic control system: realizes automation and remote control, including central control host, adopts industrial-grade PLC, 10-15 inch touch screen display, supports touch operation and data display and remote control terminal; Central control unit: Automatically adjusts the operating parameters of each module based on real-time monitoring data, such as when the algae density at the outlet is >10. 5 When the COD is 50 mg / L, increase the release rate of the algaecide by 10% to 20%; when the COD is > 50 mg / L, increase the flow rate of the submersible pump by 5% to 10% to prolong the residence time of the water in the multi-layer filter module; when the resistance of the filter media increases to 1.5 times the initial value, the backwashing unit is automatically started. Touch screen: Real-time display of water quality data, such as algae density, COD, turbidity, pH, water temperature, etc., device operating status, such as the start and stop of each module, the remaining amount of algaecide, the power supply of solar power, and fault alarm information. Manual parameter adjustment is supported. Remote control terminal: Users can view the device's operating status and water quality data in real time via a mobile APP or computer client, remotely start and stop the device, adjust operating parameters, and receive fault alarm push notifications; the system also has a data storage unit that can store historical data to provide data support for optimizing water ecological governance solutions. Example 2:

[0018] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this invention provides a method for algae removal and water purification in aquatic ecosystems. This method achieves efficient treatment of the entire process from influent to effluent through the following steps: Step 1: Device Deployment: Select the device specifications according to the area and depth of the water body to be treated. Place the floating frame in the water body, adjust the bottom counterweight to make the device's draft 0.3-0.5m, keep it level, connect the solar power unit and the mains backup power supply, check the power status of each module, and inject temperature-responsive compound algaecide into the algaecide storage tank until the liquid level reaches 80%-90%. Set the initial parameters through the touch screen of the intelligent automatic control system or the remote terminal: initial flow rate of the submersible pump, algaecide release threshold water temperature (default 20℃), backwash cycle, disinfection module working intensity (UV irradiation dose 150mJ / cm² or ozone production rate 100mg / h), and water quality compliance threshold (algae density ≤10). 5 (cells / mL, COD≤50mg / L, turbidity≤10NTU, pH6.5-8.5) Step 2: Water Inlet and Distribution: Start the submersible pump. The water to be treated is filtered through the pre-filter to remove large particles with a diameter >150μm, thus avoiding clogging of the water distribution pipe and filter media. The filtered water enters the annular water distribution pipe and is evenly distributed to the area where the temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module is located through the downward-sloping water distribution holes. The water distribution rate is controlled at 0.1 to 0.3 m / s to ensure that the water and algaecide are in full contact, while avoiding water flow impact that could cause algal cells to rupture and release toxins. Step 3: Temperature-controlled algae removal: A temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in real time. When the water temperature is ≥20℃, the intelligent automatic control system controls the electromagnetic regulating valve to increase its opening. The temperature-responsive composite algaecide is then sprayed into the water through the release nozzle. The heptadecane-octadecane mixture in the temperature-responsive composite algaecide undergoes a phase change due to the increase in water temperature, altering the microstructure of the sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier, accelerating the release of DHF and nano ZnO, interfering with the cyanobacteria photosynthetic system, and effectively inhibiting algae growth. When the water temperature is <20℃, the electromagnetic regulating valve decreases its opening, reducing the algaecide release rate and minimizing waste and environmental residue. Step 4: Multi-layer filtration: After algae suppression treatment, most algal cells in the water are inactivated. The water flows by gravity into the multi-layer filtration module, with the flow rate controlled at 0.5–1 m / h to ensure sufficient filtration time. The water first passes through a biofilm carrier layer, where heterotrophic microorganisms such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas, supported by polyurethane sponge, degrade small-molecule organic matter such as algal metabolites and dissolved organic matter, achieving a removal rate of 60%–70%. Next, it enters a ceramic granule layer, where the porous structure of the ceramic granules adsorbs suspended inactivated algal cells and colloidal impurities, with an adsorption capacity of 50–100 mg / g, removing more than 80% of suspended solids. Finally, it passes through an activated carbon layer, where coconut shell activated carbon adsorbs odors, pigments, algal toxins such as microcystins, and some heavy metals such as Cu. 2+ Pb 2+The algal toxin removal rate is ≥90%, COD is reduced by 40% to 50%, and finally, the quartz sand layer traps the fine particles remaining in the water with a particle size >2μm, reducing the turbidity to below 10NTU, thus completing deep purification. Step 5: Ecological disinfection: After filtration, the water enters the ecological disinfection module. If ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is used, the water flows through the quartz sleeve outside the UV lamp and is irradiated with 254nm UV light for 3-5 seconds, killing more than 99% of harmful bacteria and algae cells in the water and preventing secondary eutrophication. If ozone disinfection is used, the ozone generated by the ozone generator forms microbubbles through the aeration disc and mixes thoroughly with the water for 5-10 minutes. The strong oxidizing properties of ozone kill microorganisms and oxidize some residual organic matter. Undissolved ozone is decomposed into oxygen by the exhaust gas destroyer, avoiding air pollution and increasing dissolved oxygen in the water. The intelligent automatic control system judges the concentration of microorganisms at the outlet water indirectly through turbidity. When the turbidity is >10 NTU, the concentration of microorganisms is high, and the disinfection intensity is automatically adjusted. If the turbidity is >10 NTU, the UV irradiation dose is increased to 250 mJ / cm² or the ozone production rate is increased to 200 mg / h to ensure the disinfection effect. Step 6: Water Effluent and Monitoring Feedback The disinfected water is discharged through the outlet pipe and weir. The water level regulating plate of the outlet weir maintains a stable water level in the device, ensuring a balance between the inlet and outlet flow rates. The sensors at the inlet and outlet of the real-time monitoring module continuously collect data and transmit it to the intelligent automatic control system every 5 minutes. The system analyzes the data. If the algae density at the outlet is >10 5 The algaecide release rate is automatically increased by 10% to 20% per cell / mL, while the submersible pump flow rate is increased by 5% to 10%, extending the contact time between the agent and the water. If COD > 50 mg / L, the backwashing unit will be automatically activated to clean the filter media layer, restore adsorption capacity, and extend the residence time of water in the multi-layer filtration module. If the turbidity is >10 NTU, check if the pre-filter is clogged. If it is clogged, a cleaning reminder will be issued, and the backwashing frequency will be increased. If the pH exceeds the range of 6.5-8.5, acid-base adjusters can be added. The device can be equipped with a pH adjustment unit to adjust the pH and ensure that the effluent quality meets the standards. All monitoring data and control commands are synchronized to the remote control terminal in real time, which users can view at any time, realizing unattended operation and intelligent control. Step 7: Regular maintenance: Routine maintenance: Clean the pre-filter every 7-10 days to remove trapped impurities and prevent clogging; check the algaecide storage tank level weekly, and replenish the algaecide promptly when it falls below 20%; for filter media maintenance, check the filter media layer of the multi-layer filter module every 30-60 days. If the filter media layer resistance increases to 1.5 times the initial value, replace the activated carbon and ceramsite layers, and clean the quartz sand and biofilm carrier layers. When replacing filter media, first turn off the submersible pump and disinfection module, open the inspection cover, remove the filter media in sequence, clean the support grid, and then install the new filter media in the original order to ensure uniform distribution; for equipment maintenance, check the surface cleanliness of the solar panels every 180 days and clean the dust to improve power generation efficiency; replace the filter element of the ultraviolet lamp or ozone generator every 360 days to ensure the disinfection module is working properly; regularly calibrate the water quality sensor to ensure detection accuracy.

[0019] The following points should be noted in this article: 1. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed herein only relate to the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed herein; other structures can be referred to in general design.

[0020] 2. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0021] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water ecological algae removal and purification device, comprising a floating frame, a water inlet module, a temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module, a multi-layer filtration module, an ecological disinfection module, a water outlet module, a real-time monitoring module, and an intelligent automatic control system, characterized in that: The floating frame is a hollow ring structure made of environmentally friendly high-density polyethylene. The bottom of the frame is equipped with an adjustable counterweight, and the top is equipped with a solar power supply unit. The water inlet module includes a water distribution pipeline, a pre-filter, and a submersible pump. The water distribution pipeline is evenly distributed along the inner side of the floating frame, and several downward-sloping water distribution holes are opened on the pipeline. The pre-filter is sleeved on the water inlet end of the water distribution pipeline, and the submersible pump is connected to the water distribution pipeline. The temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module is located between the water inlet module and the multi-layer filtration module. It includes an algae-inhibiting agent storage tank, a temperature-controlled release unit, and a stirring assembly. The algae-inhibiting agent storage tank is made of transparent polycarbonate. The temperature-controlled release unit includes a temperature sensor, an electromagnetic regulating valve, and a release nozzle. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the intelligent automatic control system. Multiple release nozzles are evenly arranged along the water flow direction. The stirring assembly includes a micro stirring motor and a stirring paddle to maintain a uniform concentration of algae-inhibiting agent. The composition and mass fraction of the composite algae-inhibiting agent in the temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module are as follows: DHF 1.0%–1.5%, nano ZnO 0.3%–0.5%, sodium alginate 2.0%–2.5%, chitosan 2.5%–3.0%, n-heptadecane-n-octadecane mixed temperature control switch 3%–5%, and the balance is deionized water. The nano ZnO has a particle size of 20-50 nm and is modified with a silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with the carrier. The multi-layer filtration module is a cylindrical structure located at the center of the floating frame. It includes a filter media layer, a support grid, and a backwashing unit. The filter media layer consists of a quartz sand layer, an activated carbon layer, a ceramic particle layer, and a biofilm carrier layer from bottom to top. The support grid is made of polypropylene. The backwashing unit includes a backwashing water pump and a backwashing pipeline. The backwashing water flow direction is opposite to the filtration water flow direction. The ecological disinfection module is located at the outlet of the multi-layer filtration module and includes an ultraviolet disinfection lamp or an ozone generator. The ultraviolet disinfection lamp is a low-pressure mercury lamp. The outlet module includes an outlet pipe and an outlet weir. The outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the multi-layer filtration module. The outlet weir is equipped with a water level regulating plate to control the outlet flow rate. The real-time monitoring module includes a water quality sensor group and a data transmission unit; the water quality sensor group includes an algae density sensor, a COD sensor, a turbidity sensor, a pH sensor, and a water temperature sensor; the data transmission unit uses a LoRa or 4G module, which can transmit monitoring data to the intelligent automatic control system in real time. The intelligent automatic control system includes a central control host, a touch screen display, and a remote control terminal. The central control host can adjust the submersible pump flow rate, the algaecide release amount of the temperature control release unit, the operating status of the backwash unit, and the working parameters of the ecological disinfection module based on real-time monitoring data. It also supports remote start / stop and parameter setting.

2. A method for algae removal and water purification in aquatic ecosystems, characterized in that: The steps of the aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification method are as follows: Step 1: Device deployment. Place the floating frame in the water body to be treated, adjust the counterweight to keep the device level, connect the solar power unit, and ensure that each module is powered on normally. Set the initial parameters through the intelligent automatic control system, including the initial flow rate of the submersible pump, the algaecide release threshold water temperature, the backwashing cycle, and the working intensity of the disinfection module. Step 2: Water inlet and distribution. Start the submersible pump. After the water to be treated is filtered by the pre-filter to remove large particles, it enters the water distribution pipeline and is evenly distributed to the area where the temperature-responsive composite algae-inhibiting module is located through the water distribution holes to avoid excessive local water flow or algae cell accumulation. Step 3: Temperature-controlled algae removal. A temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in real time. When the water temperature is ≥20℃, the intelligent automatic control system controls the electromagnetic regulating valve to increase its opening. The temperature-responsive composite algaecide is sprayed into the water through the release nozzle. The heptadecane-octadecane mixture in the temperature-responsive composite algaecide undergoes a phase change due to the increase in water temperature, which changes the microstructure of the sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier, accelerates the release of 5,4'-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) and nano ZnO, interferes with the photosynthetic system of cyanobacteria, and effectively inhibits algae. When the water temperature is <20℃, the electromagnetic regulating valve decreases its opening, the algaecide release rate decreases, and the waste of the agent and environmental residue are reduced. Step 4: Multi-layer filtration. After algae suppression treatment, the water flows into the multi-layer filtration module by gravity. It passes through the biofilm carrier layer to degrade small molecule organic matter and residual algal metabolites, the ceramic particle layer to adsorb suspended algal cells and colloidal impurities, the activated carbon layer to remove odors, pigments and some heavy metals, and the quartz sand layer to intercept fine particles, thereby achieving deep purification of the water. Step 5: Ecological disinfection. The filtered water enters the ecological disinfection module. If an ultraviolet disinfection lamp is used, the water flows through the ultraviolet irradiation area to kill the harmful bacteria and algae cells remaining in the water. If an ozone generator is used, the ozone is fully mixed with the water through the aeration disc. After disinfection, the remaining ozone is decomposed into oxygen through the exhaust gas destroyer to avoid secondary pollution. Step 6: Water discharge and monitoring feedback. The disinfected water is discharged through the water discharge pipe and weir. The real-time monitoring module continuously monitors the algae density, COD, turbidity and pH value at the water discharge end. If algae density > 10 is detected 5 If the number of cells / mL or COD > 50 mg / L, the intelligent automatic control system will automatically increase the release rate of algaecide, increase the flow rate of the submersible pump, or start the backwashing unit until the water quality index returns to the set threshold. Step 7: Regular maintenance. Regularly check the pre-filter and filter media layer, and clean the pre-filter to prevent clogging. If the filter media layer resistance increases to 1.5 times the initial value, replace the activated carbon and ceramic granule layer to ensure filtration efficiency. Regularly replenish the temperature-responsive composite algaecide in the algaecide storage tank.

3. The aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The algaecide storage tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor. When the remaining amount of algaecide is less than 10%, the intelligent automatic control system will issue an audible and visual alarm and push a replenishment reminder to the remote control terminal through the data transmission unit.

4. The aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the multi-layer filter module is equipped with an exhaust valve to discharge air bubbles generated during the filtration process, preventing air bubbles from occupying the pores of the filter media and affecting the filtration effect. Water-permeable baffles are provided between the filter media layers. The baffles are made of polypropylene with an opening rate of 25% to 30% to prevent different filter media from mixing.

5. The aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, during the temperature-controlled release of the algae-removing agent, the preparation method of the temperature-responsive composite algaecide includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Dissolve DHF powder in methanol solution and ultrasonically disperse for 20-30 min to obtain DHF solution. Add nano ZnO to deionized water and disperse using a high-speed disperser for 15-20 min to obtain nano ZnO dispersion. S2: Preparation of carrier solution: Add sodium alginate powder to deionized water and stir to dissolve for 30-40 min under a water bath at 60-70℃. After cooling to room temperature, add chitosan powder and continue stirring for 20-30 min to obtain sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier solution. S3: Temperature control switch mixing: Mix n-heptadecane and n-octadecane at a mass ratio of 3:1, and heat in a water bath at 30-35℃ until completely melted to obtain a mixed temperature control switch; S4: Algae inhibitor compound: DHF solution, nano ZnO dispersion and mixing temperature control switch are added sequentially to sodium alginate-chitosan composite carrier solution, stirred for 40-60 minutes with a stirrer to form a uniform suspension, and then freeze-dried to obtain temperature-responsive composite algae inhibitor.

6. The aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 5, if the algal cell density in the water is higher than >10 5 The system automatically increases the irradiation dose of the ultraviolet disinfection lamp to 250-300 mJ / cm², or increases the ozone production of the ozone generator to 250-300 mg / h, to ensure disinfection effectiveness.

7. The aquatic ecological algae removal and water purification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 7, when replacing the filter media, first turn off the submersible pump and the ecological disinfection module, open the inspection cover on the top of the multi-layer filtration module, and take out the biofilm carrier layer, ceramsite layer, activated carbon layer and quartz sand layer in sequence. After cleaning the support grid, put the new filter media in the original order. During the filling process, gently tap the filter media layer to ensure that the filter media is evenly distributed and without gaps.

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