A lightweight thermal fabric and method of making the same

Abstract

The application discloses a light warm fabric and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of textile fabrics.The preparation method is as follows: a core-spun yarn is provided, with a polyamide filament as a core yarn and an outer layer of viscose fibers; at least two strands of the core-spun yarn are plied and twisted, and spandex yarn is simultaneously incorporated to obtain a composite yarn; the composite yarn is woven to obtain a gray fabric; the gray fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, front sheared, treated with a finishing liquid, finally shaped and steamed to obtain the light warm fabric; through the synergistic design of the yarn structure innovation and the multifunctional aerogel finishing, the application breaks through the performance contradiction between warmth and lightness of traditional fabrics, and the prepared fabric integrates efficient heat insulation, phase change temperature regulation, antibacterial and moisture-proof functions, realizes the high unification of extreme lightness and dynamic comfort, and has significant application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile fabric technology, specifically to a lightweight and warm fabric and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards and the popularization of outdoor sports, the market demand for textile fabrics that combine lightweight and high warmth retention is growing. Traditional thermal insulation fabrics mainly rely on increasing fiber filling, increasing fabric thickness, or using multi-layer composite structures to achieve the insulation effect. However, these methods often lead to problems such as heavy fabrics, poor breathability, and reduced wearing comfort, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern consumers for lightweight, comfortable, and functional fabrics.

[0003] In existing technologies, common methods for preparing thermal insulation fabrics include: down filling, application of hollow fibers, and development of heat-storing fibers. While down has excellent thermal insulation properties, it also has drawbacks such as being prone to causing allergies, a sharp decline in thermal insulation performance when exposed to water, and difficulty in washing. Hollow fibers provide insulation through a layer of still air inside the fiber, but their insulation efficiency is limited, and their fiber strength is relatively low. Although heat-storing fibers can store and release heat through phase change materials, their heat storage capacity is small, their temperature regulation range is narrow, and it is difficult to achieve a continuous and stable thermal insulation effect.

[0004] In recent years, nano-aerogel materials have attracted much attention in the field of thermal insulation due to their ultra-low density, extremely low thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal insulation performance. Silica aerogel, as a typical example, is hailed as "the lightest solid in the world." However, aerogel materials face many technical challenges in textile applications: First, aerogel particles exhibit poor dispersion stability in aqueous finishing systems, easily leading to aggregation and precipitation; second, the bonding force between aerogel and the fiber matrix is ​​insufficient, resulting in poor wash fastness of the finished fabric; third, unmodified aerogels are highly hydrophilic, easily absorbing moisture and failing in humid environments, significantly reducing their thermal insulation performance; finally, simple physical composites are insufficient to fully utilize the thermal insulation potential of aerogels, lacking multifunctional integrated designs.

[0005] Furthermore, existing thermal insulation fabrics also have shortcomings in yarn structure design. Traditional yarn structures are simple and difficult to achieve an organic balance of strength, elasticity, warmth, and comfort. While core-spun yarns can combine the advantages of different fibers, they lack optimized designs for thermal insulation applications, especially in their use with functional finishing agents, where research is limited.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new fabric preparation technology that integrates lightweight, high warmth retention, and multiple functions. This technology should not only solve the technical bottlenecks in the application of aerogel in textiles, but also significantly improve the overall performance of the fabric through yarn structure innovation, so as to meet the growing market demand for high-end functional textiles. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a lightweight and warm fabric and its preparation method. Through innovative yarn structure and synergistic design of multifunctional aerogel finishing, the present invention overcomes the performance contradiction between warmth and lightness in traditional fabrics. The prepared fabric integrates high-efficiency heat insulation, phase change temperature regulation, antibacterial and moisture-proof properties, achieving a high degree of unity between extreme lightweighting and dynamic comfort, with significant application value.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (a) A core-spun yarn is provided, wherein the core-spun yarn has nylon filament as the core yarn and is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; (b) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (c) The composite yarn is woven to obtain a grey fabric; (d) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid, finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric.

[0009] Preferably, the finishing solution is prepared by the following method steps: (1) Disperse silica aerogel in anhydrous toluene, add a small amount of deionized water, stir thoroughly, then add KH550, reflux reaction under nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain pretreated aerogel; Aerogel surface pretreatment: KH550 silane coupling agent first undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in the presence of a small amount of water, where the three ethoxy groups (-OEt) in its molecule are hydrolyzed into silanol groups (-SiOH), and ethanol is generated simultaneously. Subsequently, the generated silanol groups undergo a dehydration condensation reaction with the abundant hydroxyl groups (-SiOH) on the silica aerogel surface to form stable Si-O-Si covalent bonds, thereby firmly grafting organic segments containing terminal amino groups onto the aerogel surface, providing active primary amino reaction sites for subsequent reactions.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the ratio of silica aerogel, anhydrous toluene, deionized water, and KH550 is 10g: 100~200mL: 0.1~0.4mL: 2~5g.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes to ensure that the water is evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel; the reflux reaction conditions are heating and refluxing at 100~115℃ for 5~8 hours.

[0012] (2) The pretreated aerogel was dispersed in DMF, ultrasonically treated, dicyandiamide was added under nitrogen atmosphere, heated to react, and the product was filtered, washed and dried to obtain functionalized aerogel. Amino-cyano addition: The primary amino groups on the surface of the pretreated aerogel undergo nucleophilic addition to the cyano group (-C≡N) in the dicyandiamide molecule under high temperature conditions. This step consumes the original primary amino group and introduces new amino groups and other nitrogen-containing active groups, ultimately forming surface functional groups containing nitrogen-rich structures such as guanidine or triazine rings.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the ratio of the amount of pretreated aerogel, DMF and dicyandiamide is 10g: 100~200mL: 1~4g.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the ultrasonic treatment is performed for 10 to 30 minutes; the heating reaction conditions are reflux reaction at 115 to 130°C in a condenser for 6 to 9 hours.

[0015] (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, palmitic acid, EDC and NHS were added to DMF, stirred and activated, then functionalized aerogel was added, ultrasonic treatment was performed, DMAP and triethylamine were added in sequence, the reaction was stirred, the product was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified silica aerogel. Palmitic acid amidation coupling: In the EDC / NHS coupling system, EDC first activates the carboxyl group of palmitic acid to form an active intermediate, which is then further converted by NHS into a highly reactive NHS active ester. The amino groups on the surface of the functionalized aerogel subsequently undergo nucleophilic attack on the NHS active ester, forming stable amide bonds. DMAP acts as a nucleophilic catalyst to accelerate the reaction, while triethylamine acts as an acid-binding agent to neutralize the protons generated during the reaction.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the ratio of palmitic acid, EDC, NHS, DMF, functionalized aerogel, DMAP, and triethylamine is 6~15g: 6~12g: 3~6g: 100~200mL: 10g: 0.1~0.3g: 3~6mL.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the stirring activation is performed for 20-40 min; the ultrasonic treatment is performed for 10-30 min; the stirring reaction conditions are 20-35℃ for 18-24 h; and the product is thoroughly washed with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water and ethanol in sequence.

[0018] (4) Add waterborne polyurethane and penetrant to deionized water, stir evenly, then add modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add softener, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution.

[0019] Preferably, in step (4), the ratio of waterborne polyurethane, penetrant, deionized water, modified silica aerogel, and softener is 30~60g: 15~30g: 40~100g: 6~12g: 4~10g.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the penetrant is one or more of cetrimonium bromide, polypyrrolidone, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the softener is one or more of ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, glycerol, and polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether.

[0021] The present invention also claims a lightweight and warm fabric prepared using the aforementioned preparation method.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides a lightweight, warm fabric with a core-spun yarn structure. The core-spun yarn structure fully utilizes the complementary material properties of nylon filament and viscose staple fiber. The nylon filament, as the core yarn, provides excellent tensile strength, elastic recovery, and abrasion resistance, ensuring the fabric has good mechanical properties and a long service life. The outer layer of viscose staple fiber contributes the skin-friendly, moisture-wicking, breathable, and soft feel characteristic of natural fibers. By twisting at least two core-spun yarns together and simultaneously incorporating them into spandex yarn to form a composite yarn, the excellent elastic properties of spandex yarn provide the fabric with superior tensile resilience and shape memory function, significantly enhancing the fabric's fit, comfort, and adaptability during movement, while preventing permanent deformation during use. This multi-fiber composite yarn structure forms a unique three-dimensional fiber network during weaving, ensuring both structural and dimensional stability of the fabric, and creating a rich microporous structure between the fibers, providing an ideal carrier space for subsequent thermal insulation finishing. Simultaneously, the good dyeing properties and surface activity of viscose fiber create favorable conditions for the penetration and bonding of finishing solutions. By treating the fabric with modified aerogel finishing liquid, the fabric retains its original lightweight properties while significantly improving its thermal insulation performance, antibacterial and deodorizing capabilities, and phase change temperature regulation function, achieving a leapfrog upgrade from ordinary textiles to functional intelligent fabrics.

[0023] 2. This invention provides a modified aerogel finishing liquid. Nano-silica aerogel itself possesses excellent properties such as ultra-low density and extremely low thermal conductivity, providing a superior lightweight and heat-insulating foundation for fabrics. Comprehensive optimization from structure to performance is achieved through a three-step chemical modification: The first step, grafting with KH550 silane coupling agent, introduces amino functional groups onto the aerogel surface, significantly improving the dispersion stability of the aerogel in the finishing liquid. Simultaneously, it enhances the chemical bonding force between the aerogel and the fiber matrix, ensuring strong adhesion of the finishing agent to the fiber surface and good wash fastness. The second step, the dicyandiamide reaction, forms nitrogen-rich structures such as guanidine groups and triazine rings, which possess bioactivity that inhibits bacterial growth. By interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis and metabolic processes, it endows the fabric with long-lasting antibacterial and deodorizing functions. At the same time, these nitrogen-containing groups also improve the chemical activity and thermal stability of the aerogel surface. The third step, palmitic acid amidation grafting, not only achieves surface hydrophobic modification through long-chain fatty acids, preventing the aerogel's thermal insulation performance from declining due to moisture absorption, but more importantly, palmitic acid, as a phase change material, can play an energy storage and release role in the aerogel's nanoporous structure. It releases latent heat when the ambient temperature drops and absorbs excess heat when the temperature rises, achieving intelligent temperature regulation and significantly enhancing the fabric's heat-generating and heat-insulating effects. The organic functional groups introduced in each step further improve the compatibility of the modified aerogel with the waterborne polyurethane matrix and its long-term stability in the finishing solution by increasing the hydrophilicity and reactive sites on the aerogel surface. The resulting lightweight and warm fabric integrates multiple functions such as thermal insulation, phase change temperature regulation, antibacterial and deodorizing properties, and comfort and durability, achieving a technological breakthrough in functional textiles. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents and materials in this invention are purchased from the market or synthesized from raw materials purchased from the market.

[0026] The waterborne polyurethane was purchased from Hubei Xinrunde Chemical Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99%. Silica aerogel is a porous material with a three-dimensional network structure composed of nano-sized silica particles and a controllable structure. It was purchased from Guangdong Elisen High-Tech Co., Ltd.

[0027] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 100~200mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.1~0.4mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 2~5g of KH550, heat and reflux at 100~115℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 5~8h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain the pretreated aerogel; (2) Disperse 10g of pretreated aerogel into 100~200mL of DMF, sonicate for 10~30min, add 1~4g of dicyandiamide under nitrogen atmosphere, heat and reflux at 115~130℃ for 6~9h in a reflux condenser, filter, wash and dry the product to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, 6-15g palmitic acid, 6-12g EDC and 3-6g NHS were added to 100-200mL DMF and stirred for 20-40min. Then 10g functionalized aerogel was added and ultrasonically treated for 10-30min. 0.1-0.3g DMAP and 3-6mL triethylamine were added in sequence and stirred at 20-35℃ for 18-24h. The product was filtered and thoroughly washed with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water and ethanol in sequence. After drying, modified silica aerogel was obtained. (4) Add 30-60g of waterborne polyurethane and 15-30g of penetrant to 40-100g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 6-12g of modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add 4-10g of softener, stir evenly to obtain the finishing solution; the penetrant is one or more of cetrimonium bromide, polypyrrolidone, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the softener is one or more of ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, glycerol, and polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether. (5) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn and viscose fiber short fiber layer as the outer layer; (6) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (7) The composite yarn is woven to obtain a grey fabric; (8) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid, finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric.

[0028] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 150mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.4mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 5g of KH550, heat and reflux at 115℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 5h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain the pretreated aerogel. (2) Disperse 10g of pretreated aerogel into 150mL of DMF, sonicate for 20min, add 4g of dicyandiamide under nitrogen atmosphere, heat and reflux at 130℃ for 6h in a reflux condenser, filter, wash and dry the product to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, 15g palmitic acid, 12g EDC and 6g NHS were added to 150mL DMF and stirred for 30min. Then 10g functionalized aerogel was added and sonicated for 20min. 0.3g DMAP and 6mL triethylamine were added in sequence and stirred at 35℃ for 18h. The product was filtered and thoroughly washed with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water and ethanol in sequence. After drying, modified silica aerogel was obtained. (4) Add 6000g of waterborne polyurethane and 3000g of penetrant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to 10000g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 1200g of modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add 1000g of softener ethylene glycol, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution. (5) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn, wherein the core yarn is composed of two 22.2dtex / 1F nylon 66 single-hole filaments; the outer layer is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; the weight ratio of viscose fiber is 70% and the weight ratio of nylon filament is 30%; (6) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (7) The composite yarn is woven with a herringbone twill weave to obtain a greige fabric with a warp density of 34 threads / cm and a weft density of 26.5 threads / cm. (8) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid (the ratio of greige fabric to finishing liquid is 1g:15mL), finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric. The finished weight of the fabric is 265g / m².

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 150mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.3mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 4g of KH550, heat and reflux at 110℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 6h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain pretreated aerogel. (2) Disperse 10g of pretreated aerogel into 150mL of DMF, sonicate for 20min, add 3g of dicyandiamide under nitrogen atmosphere, heat and reflux at 125℃ for 7h in a reflux condenser, filter, wash and dry the product to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, 12g palmitic acid, 10g EDC and 5g NHS were added to 150mL DMF and stirred for 30min. Then 10g functionalized aerogel was added and sonicated for 20min. 0.2g DMAP and 5mL triethylamine were added in sequence and stirred at 30℃ for 20h. The product was filtered and thoroughly washed with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water and ethanol in sequence. After drying, modified silica aerogel was obtained. (4) Add 5000g of waterborne polyurethane and 2500g of penetrant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to 8000g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 1000g of modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add 800g of softener ethylene glycol, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution. (5) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn, wherein the core yarn is composed of two 22.2dtex / 1F nylon 66 single-hole filaments; the outer layer is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; the weight ratio of viscose fiber is 70% and the weight ratio of nylon filament is 30%; (6) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (7) The composite yarn is woven with a herringbone twill weave to obtain a greige fabric with a warp density of 34 threads / cm and a weft density of 26.5 threads / cm. (8) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid (the ratio of greige fabric to finishing liquid is 1g:15mL), finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric. The finished weight of the fabric is 265g / m².

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 150mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.2mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 3g of KH550, heat and reflux at 105℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 7h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain pretreated aerogel. (2) Disperse 10g of pretreated aerogel into 150mL of DMF, sonicate for 20min, add 2g of dicyandiamide under nitrogen atmosphere, heat and reflux at 120℃ for 8h in a reflux condenser, filter, wash and dry the product to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, 9g palmitic acid, 8g EDC and 4g NHS were added to 150mL DMF and stirred for 30min. Then 10g functionalized aerogel was added and ultrasonically treated for 20min. 0.2g DMAP and 4mL triethylamine were added in sequence and stirred at 25℃ for 22h. The product was filtered and thoroughly washed with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water and ethanol in sequence. After drying, modified silica aerogel was obtained. (4) Add 4000g of waterborne polyurethane and 2000g of penetrant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to 6000g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 800g of modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add 600g of softener ethylene glycol, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution. (5) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn, wherein the core yarn is composed of two 22.2dtex / 1F nylon 66 single-hole filaments; the outer layer is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; the weight ratio of viscose fiber is 70% and the weight ratio of nylon filament is 30%; (6) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (7) The composite yarn is woven with a herringbone twill weave to obtain a greige fabric with a warp density of 34 threads / cm and a weft density of 26.5 threads / cm. (8) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid (the ratio of greige fabric to finishing liquid is 1g:15mL), finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric. The finished weight of the fabric is 265g / m².

[0035] Example 4

[0036] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 150mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.1mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 2g of KH550, heat and reflux at 100℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 8h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain the pretreated aerogel. (2) Disperse 10g of pretreated aerogel into 150mL of DMF, sonicate for 20min, add 1g of dicyandiamide under nitrogen atmosphere, heat and reflux at 115℃ for 9h in a reflux condenser, filter, wash and dry the product to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, 6g palmitic acid, 6g EDC and 3g NHS were added to 150mL DMF and stirred for 30min. Then 10g functionalized aerogel was added and ultrasonically treated for 20min. 0.1g DMAP and 3mL triethylamine were added in sequence and stirred at 20℃ for 24h. The product was filtered and thoroughly washed with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water and ethanol in sequence. After drying, modified silica aerogel was obtained. (4) Add 3000g of waterborne polyurethane and 1500g of penetrant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to 4000g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 600g of modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add 400g of softener ethylene glycol, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution. (5) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn, wherein the core yarn is composed of two 22.2dtex / 1F nylon 66 single-hole filaments; the outer layer is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; the weight ratio of viscose fiber is 70% and the weight ratio of nylon filament is 30%; (6) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (7) The composite yarn is woven with a herringbone twill weave to obtain a greige fabric with a warp density of 34 threads / cm and a weft density of 26.5 threads / cm. (8) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid (the ratio of greige fabric to finishing liquid is 1g:15mL), finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric. The finished weight of the fabric is 265g / m².

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 150mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.4mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 5g of KH550, heat and reflux at 115℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 5h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain the pretreated aerogel. (2) Disperse 10g of pretreated aerogel into 150mL of DMF, sonicate for 20min, add 4g of dicyandiamide under nitrogen atmosphere, heat and reflux at 130℃ for 6h in a reflux condenser, filter, wash and dry the product to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) Add 6000g of waterborne polyurethane and 3000g of penetrant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to 10000g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 1000g of functionalized aerogel and 200g of palmitic acid, disperse evenly, add 1000g of softener ethylene glycol, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution. (4) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn, wherein the core yarn is composed of two 22.2dtex / 1F nylon 66 single-hole filaments; the outer layer is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; the weight ratio of viscose fiber is 70% and the weight ratio of nylon filament is 30%; (5) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (6) The composite yarn is woven with a herringbone twill weave to obtain a greige fabric with a warp density of 34 threads / cm and a weft density of 26.5 threads / cm. (7) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid (the ratio of greige fabric to finishing liquid is 1g:15mL), finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric. The finished weight of the fabric is 265g / m².

[0039] Comparative Example 2

[0040] A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric includes the following steps: (1) Disperse 10g of silica aerogel into 150mL of anhydrous toluene, add 0.4mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly for 10min to make the water evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel, then add 5g of KH550, heat and reflux at 115℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 5h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain the pretreated aerogel. (2) Add 6000g of waterborne polyurethane and 3000g of penetrant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to 10000g of deionized water and stir evenly. Then add 1000g of pretreated aerogel and 200g of dicyandiamide and disperse evenly. Add 1000g of softener ethylene glycol and stir evenly to obtain the finishing solution. (3) A core-spun yarn is provided, with nylon filament as the core yarn, wherein the core yarn is composed of two 22.2dtex / 1F nylon 66 single-hole filaments; the outer layer is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; the weight ratio of viscose fiber is 70% and the weight ratio of nylon filament is 30%; (4) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (5) The composite yarn is woven with a herringbone twill weave to obtain a greige fabric with a warp density of 34 threads / cm and a weft density of 26.5 threads / cm. (6) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing liquid (the ratio of greige fabric to finishing liquid is 1g:15mL), finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric. The finished weight of the fabric is 265g / m².

[0041] The fabrics prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to performance tests. The tensile strength of the fabrics was tested in accordance with GB / T 3923.2-2013 "Textiles - Tensile Properties of Fabrics - Part 2: Determination of Breaking Strength (Sampling Method)"; the water absorption rate of the fabrics was tested in accordance with GB / T 21655.1-2023 "Evaluation of Moisture Absorption and Quick-drying Properties of Textiles - Part 1: Single Combination Test Method"; and the moisture regain of the fabrics was tested in accordance with GB / T 9994-2018 "Standard Moisture Regain of Textile Materials".

[0042] The thermal insulation performance was tested in accordance with GB / T 11048-2018 "Determination of thermal and moisture resistance of textiles under steady-state conditions for physiological comfort (evaporative hot plate method)". The testing equipment was a flat plate thermal insulation instrument, with hot plate temperature of 35.0±0.1℃, cold plate temperature of 15.0±0.1℃, and temperature sensor accuracy of ±0.1℃. The thermal resistance values ​​obtained were averaged from 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0043] The antimicrobial properties of the fabric were tested according to GB / T 20944.3-2008 "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of Textiles - Part 3: Vibration Method", using Escherichia coli ATCC 8099, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 as test strains. Under aseptic conditions, appropriate amounts of the above three strains were added to 20 mL of high-temperature sterilized broth to prepare a 3×10⁻⁶ solution. 5For each fabric sample, weigh 4g of the bacterial culture medium (cfu / mL), cut the sample into pieces approximately 5×5mm, and place them into the corresponding bacterial culture medium. Place the broth in a constant-temperature shaker at 37℃ and 150 rpm for 24 hours. Spread 100μL of the culture onto an agar plate. After 4 hours of incubation, record the bacterial count on the plate using the plate count method. Three tests were conducted for each sample, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 1. The antibacterial property of the fabric can be calculated using the following formula: R = (BA) / B × 100%, where R represents the antibacterial rate, and A and B are the bacterial concentrations of the sample and control group, respectively.

[0044] Referring to the simplified washing conditions and procedures of FZ / T 73023-2006 "Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics", the standard detergent concentration used was 2g / L. The fabric was washed in a constant temperature shaking water bath at 40℃ for 5 minutes. After washing, it was rinsed with distilled water. This process was counted as one wash. Following the above procedure, the lightweight and warm fabric was washed 100 times to test the antibacterial properties of the fabric after washing.

[0045] Table 1. Fabric performance test results

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lightweight and warm fabric, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (a) A core-spun yarn is provided, wherein the core-spun yarn has nylon filament as the core yarn and is covered with a viscose fiber short fiber layer; (b) Twist at least two strands of the core-spun yarn together and simultaneously incorporate spandex yarn to obtain a composite yarn; (c) The composite yarn is woven to obtain a grey fabric; (d) The greige fabric is washed, baked, pre-shaped, sheared on the front side, treated with finishing solution, finally set and steamed to obtain the lightweight and warm fabric; The finishing solution is prepared by the following steps: (1) Disperse silica aerogel in anhydrous toluene, add a small amount of deionized water, stir thoroughly, then add KH550, reflux reaction under nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain pretreated aerogel; (2) The pretreated aerogel was dispersed in DMF, ultrasonically treated, dicyandiamide was added under nitrogen atmosphere, heated and reacted, and the product was filtered, washed and dried to obtain functionalized aerogel. (3) In an ice-water bath and nitrogen atmosphere, palmitic acid, EDC and NHS were added to DMF, stirred and activated, then functionalized aerogel was added, ultrasonic treatment was performed, DMAP and triethylamine were added in sequence, the reaction was stirred, the product was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified silica aerogel. (4) Add waterborne polyurethane and penetrant to deionized water, stir evenly, then add modified silica aerogel, disperse evenly, add softener, stir evenly, and obtain the finishing solution.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the ratio of silica aerogel, anhydrous toluene, deionized water and KH550 is 10g: (100~200)mL: (0.1~0.4)mL: (2~5)g.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), stir thoroughly for 10 minutes to ensure that the water is evenly distributed on the surface of the aerogel; the reflux reaction conditions are heating and refluxing at 100~115℃ for 5~8 hours.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the ratio of the amount of pretreated aerogel, DMF and dicyandiamide is 10g: (100~200)mL: (1~4)g.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), ultrasonic treatment is performed for 10-30 minutes; the heating reaction conditions are reflux reaction at 115-130°C in a condenser for 6-9 hours.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the ratio of palmitic acid, EDC, NHS, DMF, functionalized aerogel, DMAP, and triethylamine is (6~15)g: (6~12)g: (3~6)g: (100~200)mL: 10g: (0.1~0.3)g: (3~6)mL.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the stirring activation is carried out for 20-40 min; the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10-30 min; the stirring reaction conditions are 20-35℃ for 18-24 h. The product was thoroughly washed in sequence with DMF, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, deionized water, and ethanol.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the ratio of waterborne polyurethane, penetrant, deionized water, modified silica aerogel, and softener is (30~60)g: (15~30)g: (40~100)g: (6~12)g: (4~10)g.

9. A lightweight and warm fabric prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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