A method for cultivating and managing young forest of a fine ornamental clone of zelkova

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of zelkova schneideriana fine ornamental clone young forest cultivation management methods, comprising: (1) the initial stage of planting zelkova schneideriana planting plant row spacing;Combining tree shape management, cultivate primary lateral branch to expand plant row spacing in time;(2) to grafted clone seedling is removed in stages, branch pruning, trunk fixation and lateral branch angle control, so that the height of main stem reaches 1.8~2.0m, and 3~4 primary lateral branches in different directions are germinated in the top of main stem;(3) according to the autumn leaf color of zelkova schneideriana is divided into red and yellow, respectively after 1~2 years, 3~6 years after planting, corresponding fertilizer type and dosage are used for topdressing.This application carries out tree shape management to single tree of young period mother tree forest, to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the high growth of zelkova schneideriana, promoting branch germination, realizing the standardization of mother tree forest high-yield tree shape, optimizing space layout, realizing early and high yield of mother tree forest of zelkova schneideriana, reducing artificial seed collecting difficulty, with strong practicality and wide applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest tree seedling cultivation, specifically to a method for cultivating young clonal Zelkova trees with superior ornamental value. Background Technology

[0002] The Zelkova serrata is a deciduous tree that can reach a height of 30 meters and a diameter at breast height of 100 centimeters, with a straight trunk. Its crown is obovate-umbel or elliptical, with abundant and evenly distributed foliage, creating a beautiful overall shape. In spring, new leaves emerge, displaying a vibrant red or purplish-red hue. In summer, the leaves turn dark green. In autumn, some leaves turn golden yellow, while others become orange-red or reddish-brown. Although the Zelkova serrata sheds its leaves in winter, its slender branches exhibit a unique linear beauty. Therefore, the Zelkova serrata, with its graceful form, full crown, straight trunk, spreading branches, and rich leaf color variations, is a tree species with excellent ornamental value, both for its shape and foliage.

[0003] Currently, domestic research on ornamental Zelkova serrata varieties mainly focuses on the mechanisms of leaf color change, but research on cultivation and management techniques for these varieties is limited. There are no readily available and applicable techniques for selectively cultivating Zelkova serrata varieties with attractive tree shapes and long autumn foliage viewing periods, tailored to their specific characteristics.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultivation and management method specifically for young clonal forests of Zelkova serrata for ornamental purposes, in order to meet the needs of breeding superior ornamental Zelkova serrata varieties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation and management method for young ornamental clonal Zelkova trees. Through scientific control of planting density, tree shape management, and water and fertilizer management for different color series, the method clarifies the requirements for trunk setting, lateral branch cultivation standards, planting spacing parameters, and fertilizer application specifications for young ornamental Zelkova trees. Ultimately, it achieves the cultivation effect of straight trunks, beautiful crowns, enhanced autumn foliage color, and extended viewing period.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A cultivation and management method for young clonal Zelkova trees with excellent ornamental value includes the following steps: (1) Fixed value density control In the initial stage of planting, the spacing between plants and rows of Zelkova trees should be 1.0~1.5m×2.0~3.0m; in conjunction with tree shape management, the spacing between plants and rows should be expanded in a timely manner to 2.0~3.0m×4.0~6.0m to ensure that the trees have good light conditions. (2) Ornamental tree shape management In stages, the grafted clonal seedlings undergo bud removal, branch pruning, main trunk fixation, and lateral branch angle control to achieve a main trunk height of 1.8~2.0m and the growth of 3~4 primary lateral branches in different directions at the top of the main trunk. Early intervention is made by pulling branches to control the opening angle of the lateral branches, so that the angle between the primary lateral branches and the main trunk is controlled within the range of 45°~60°. (3) Water and fertilizer management for different color systems Based on the autumn foliage color of Zelkova trees, they are divided into red and yellow series. Top dressing should be applied with the corresponding fertilizer types and amounts 1-2 years and 3-6 years after planting, respectively. Foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in addition to the fertilizer 3-6 years after planting.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific operational steps of step (2) are as follows: (21) In the early spring of the second year after the grafting of asexual seedlings, retain the strong and relatively upright new shoots above the grafting point and remove all other new shoots; when the seedlings enter the sprouting period, remove the sprouts of the rootstock segment; in summer, prune the competing branches and remove some of the lateral branches that sprouted on the branches retained in spring. (22) In the spring of the 3rd to 4th year after planting, remove the sprouts of the rootstock segment; as the grafted new shoots to be cultivated as the main trunk, gradually remove the bottom 2 / 3 of the lateral branches and continuously remove the adventitious buds in this part; in summer, prune the stronger lateral branches on the main trunk to promote the growth of the main trunk; in winter, tie the bamboo pole to the main trunk to cultivate uprightness; when the main trunk grows to about 1.6m, retain 1 stronger branch at the top, 2 to 3 weaker branches at the bottom, and 3 to 4 branches, i.e., first-level lateral branches, from the top of the main trunk to the bottom, with a distance of 20 to 30cm between them, growing in different directions; (23) In the 5th to 6th year after planting, in the spring of the 5th year, remove the inner branches and excess branches of the secondary branches that sprout from the three primary lateral branches; in the summer, shorten the stronger primary lateral branches at the top by 1 / 2 and pinch off the secondary lateral branches, and shorten the weaker primary lateral branches at the bottom by 1 / 3; in the winter, remove the primary lateral branches at the top; in the spring of the 6th year, remove all the sprouts below the primary lateral branches, retain 3 to 4 plump buds in different directions at the top of the main stem, and shorten 2 to 3 primary lateral branches at the bottom by 2 / 3; in the summer, when the new shoots grow to 50 to 60 cm, remove 2 to 3 primary lateral branches at the bottom; in the autumn and winter, when the main stem grows to 1.8 to 2.0 m, remove the perennial primary lateral branches retained at the top.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (3): For the first 1-2 years after planting, apply 0.2-0.4 kg / tree of urea and 0.3-0.5 kg / tree of compound fertilizer to red beech trees from March to May, and supplement with 0.5-0.8 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure from November to December. For yellow beech trees, apply 0.1-0.3 kg / tree of urea from March to April, and repeat with 0.1-0.3 kg / tree of urea after 45-50 days. Apply 0.2-0.5 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from June to July, and supplement with 0.3-0.6 kg / tree of well-rotted sesame cake fertilizer from winter to early spring. For 3-6 years after planting, increase foliar fertilization: For red Zelkova trees, apply 0.8-1.3 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and spray the leaves with a fertilizer solution of 2 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2 / 1000 sucrose + 1 / 1000 citric acid from July to September, 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 1.0-2.0 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure in holes around the base of the tree during soil tillage. For yellow Zelkova trees, apply 0.8-1.3 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and spray the leaves with a fertilizer solution of 2 / 1000 boric acid + 1 / 1000 amino acids + 2 / 1000 urea from July to September, 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 1.0-2.0 kg / tree of sesame cake fertilizer in holes around the base of the tree during soil tillage.

[0009] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention manages the tree shape of individual trees in the young mother tree forest to inhibit the height growth of Zelkova trees, promote the sprouting of branches, standardize the tree shape of the mother tree forest for high yield, optimize the spatial layout, achieve early fruiting and high yield of Zelkova mother tree forest, reduce the difficulty of artificial seed collection, and has strong practicality and wide applicability. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Example

[0011] 1. Planting density control In the initial stage of planting, the spacing between Zelkova trees is 1.0×2.0m; in conjunction with tree shape management, the spacing between trees is expanded to 2.0×4.0m as the primary lateral branches are cultivated, ensuring that the trees have good light conditions.

[0012] 2. Ornamental Tree Shaping Management (1) In the early spring of the second year after the grafting of asexual seedlings, retain the strong and relatively upright new shoots above the grafting point and remove all other new shoots; when the seedlings enter the germination period, remove the buds of the rootstock segment; in summer, prune the competing branches and remove some of the lateral branches that sprouted on the branches retained in spring.

[0013] (2) In the spring of the 3rd to 4th year after planting, remove the sprouts of the rootstock segment. Grafted new shoots that are cultivated as the main trunk are gradually removed, and adventitious buds in this part are continuously removed; in summer, the stronger lateral branches on the main trunk are shortened to promote the height growth of the main trunk; in winter, bamboo poles are tied to the main trunk to cultivate uprightness. When the main trunk grows to about 1.6m, one stronger branch at the top and two to three weaker branches at the bottom are retained. Three to four branches, namely primary lateral branches, grow in different directions, with a distance of 20cm from the top to the bottom of the main trunk.

[0014] (3) In the 5th to 6th year after planting, in the spring of the 5th year, prune the inner branches and excess branches of the secondary branches that sprout from the three primary lateral branches. In the summer, shorten the stronger primary lateral branches at the top by 1 / 2 and pinch off the tips of their secondary lateral branches, and shorten the weaker primary lateral branches at the bottom by 1 / 3; in the winter, prune the primary lateral branches at the top. In the spring of the 6th year, remove all buds below the primary lateral branches, retain 3 to 4 plump buds in different directions at the top of the main stem, and shorten the 2 to 3 primary lateral branches at the bottom by 2 / 3; in the summer, when the new shoots grow to 50cm, prune the 2 to 3 primary lateral branches at the bottom; in the autumn and winter, when the main stem grows to 1.9m, prune the remaining perennial primary lateral branches at the top.

[0015] In this way, the main trunk height reaches 1.8~2.0m, and 3~4 primary lateral branches in different directions sprout from the top of the main trunk. Early intervention by pulling branches in time to open the lateral branches can control the angle between the primary lateral branches and the main trunk within a range of 45°.

[0016] 3. Water and fertilizer management for different color schemes Different water and fertilizer management methods should be used depending on the different changes in leaf color in autumn.

[0017] For the first 1-2 years after planting, apply 0.2 kg / tree of urea and 0.3 kg / tree of compound fertilizer to red-type beech trees from March to May, and add 0.5 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure from November to December. For yellow-type beech trees, apply 0.1 kg / tree of urea from March to April, and apply another 0.1 kg / tree of urea after 45-50 days. Apply 0.2 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from June to July, and add 0.3 kg / tree of well-rotted sesame cake fertilizer from winter to early spring.

[0018] For 3-6 years after planting, increase foliar fertilization. For red Zelkova trees, apply 0.8 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and spray the leaves with a fertilizer solution of 2 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2 / 1000 sucrose + 1 / 1000 citric acid from July to September, 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 1.0 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure in holes around the base of the tree during soil tilling. For yellow Zelkova trees, apply 0.8 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and spray the leaves with a fertilizer solution of 2 / 1000 boric acid + 1 / 1000 amino acids + 2 / 1000 urea from July to September, 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 1.0 kg / tree of sesame cake fertilizer in holes around the base of the tree during soil tilling. Example

[0019] 1. Planting density control In the initial stage of planting, the spacing between Zelkova trees is 1.5m × 3.0m. In conjunction with tree shape management, the spacing between trees is expanded to 3.0m × 6.0m as the primary lateral branches are cultivated, ensuring that the trees have good light conditions.

[0020] 2. Ornamental Tree Shaping Management (1) In the early spring of the second year after the grafting of asexual seedlings, retain the strong and relatively upright new shoots above the grafting point and remove all other new shoots; when the seedlings enter the germination period, remove the buds of the rootstock segment; in summer, prune the competing branches and remove some of the lateral branches that sprouted on the branches retained in spring.

[0021] (2) In the spring of the 3rd to 4th year after planting, remove the sprouts of the rootstock segment. Grafted new shoots that are cultivated as the main trunk are gradually removed, and adventitious buds in this part are continuously removed; in summer, the stronger lateral branches on the main trunk are shortened to promote the height growth of the main trunk; in winter, bamboo poles are tied to the main trunk to cultivate uprightness. When the main trunk grows to about 1.6m, one stronger branch at the top and two to three weaker branches at the bottom are retained. Three to four branches, namely first-order lateral branches, grow in different directions from the top of the main trunk to the bottom at a distance of 30cm.

[0022] (3) In the 5th to 6th year after planting, in the spring of the 5th year, prune the inner branches and excess branches of the secondary branches that sprout from the three primary lateral branches. In the summer, shorten the stronger primary lateral branches at the top by 1 / 2 and pinch off the tips of their secondary lateral branches, and shorten the weaker primary lateral branches at the bottom by 1 / 3; in the winter, prune the primary lateral branches at the top. In the spring of the 6th year, remove all buds below the primary lateral branches, retain 3 to 4 plump buds in different directions at the top of the main stem, and shorten the 2 to 3 primary lateral branches at the bottom by 2 / 3; in the summer, when the new shoots grow to 60cm, prune the 2 to 3 primary lateral branches at the bottom; in the autumn and winter, when the main stem grows to 2.0m, prune the remaining perennial primary lateral branches at the top.

[0023] In this way, the main trunk height reaches 1.8~2.0m, and 3~4 primary lateral branches in different directions sprout from the top of the main trunk. Early intervention by pulling branches in time to open the lateral branches can control the angle between the primary lateral branches and the main trunk within a range of 60°.

[0024] 3. Water and fertilizer management for different color schemes Different water and fertilizer management methods should be used depending on the different changes in leaf color in autumn.

[0025] For the first 1-2 years after planting, apply 0.4 kg / tree of urea and 0.5 kg / tree of compound fertilizer to red-type beech trees from March to May, and add 0.8 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure from November to December. For yellow-type beech trees, apply 0.3 kg / tree of urea from March to April, and apply another 0.3 kg / tree of urea after 45-50 days. Apply 0.5 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from June to July, and add 0.6 kg / tree of well-rotted sesame cake fertilizer from winter to early spring.

[0026] For 3-6 years after planting, increase foliar fertilization. For red Zelkova trees, apply 1.3 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and spray the leaves with a fertilizer solution of 2 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2 / 1000 sucrose + 1 / 1000 citric acid from July to September, 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 2.0 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure in holes around the base of the tree during soil tilling. For yellow Zelkova trees, apply 1.3 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and spray the leaves with a fertilizer solution of 2 / 1000 boric acid + 1 / 1000 amino acids + 2 / 1000 urea from July to September, 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 2.0 kg / tree of sesame cake fertilizer in holes around the base of the tree during soil tilling.

[0027] Experimental example: Seeds of Zelkova serrata were collected from individual mother trees, sown, and germinated to cultivate seedlings. In spring, scions from 10 initially selected superior ornamental individual trees were collected and propagated into clonal seedlings through grafting. Two plots of land, each 3 mu (approximately 0.2 hectares) in size, were selected within the experimental forest and designated as Plot 1 and Plot 2. A randomized block design was used for planting. During the Zelkova serrata dormancy period, several clonal seedlings with 3-year-old roots and 2-year-old trunks (2 yellow-series and 8 red-series) were planted, ensuring that the number of Zelkova serrata trees with the same number was consistent in both plots. Plot 1 was managed using the pruning, water, and fertilizer management measures outlined in the Zelkova serrata large seedling cultivation technical regulations; Plot 2 was managed using the methods described in Example 1 or Example 2 of this invention. The Zelkova trees in the sample plots were continuously managed for 5-6 years. In the 4th-5th year, 9 Zelkova trees were randomly selected from each plot, including 3 yellow-type and 6 red-type. For two consecutive years, the number of primary lateral branches, trunk height, peak period of leaf color change, peak period of leaf fall, and leaf color viewing period of the initially selected superior ornamental clonal Zelkova seedlings were observed. The results are shown in the table below: The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and managing young clonal Zelkova trees with excellent ornamental value, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Fixed density control: In the early stage of planting, the spacing between plants and rows of Zelkova trees is 1.0~1.5m×2.0~3.0m; combined with tree shape management, cultivate first-level lateral branches and expand the spacing between plants and rows in a timely manner, adjusting it to 2.0~3.0m×4.0~6.0m to ensure that the trees have good light conditions. (2) Ornamental tree management involves removing buds, pruning branches, fixing the main trunk, and controlling the angle of lateral branches in stages to make the main trunk height reach 1.8~2.0m and sprout 3~4 first-level lateral branches in different directions at the top of the main trunk. In the early stage, the opening angle of the lateral branches is intervened in time by pulling the branches to control the angle between the first-level lateral branches and the main trunk within the range of 45°~60°. The specific operation steps are as follows: (21) In the early spring of the second year after the clonal seedlings are planted, retain the strong and relatively upright new shoots above the grafting interface and remove all other new shoots; when entering the sprouting period, remove the buds of the rootstock segment; in summer, prune competing branches and remove some lateral branches that sprout on the branches retained in spring; (22) In the spring of the third to fourth year after planting, remove the buds of the rootstock segment; as the grafted new shoots cultivated as the main trunk, gradually remove the bottom 2 / 3. Side branches, and continuously remove adventitious buds in this part; in summer, shorten the stronger side branches on the main trunk to promote the growth of the main trunk; in winter, tie the bamboo poles to the main trunk to cultivate uprightness; when the main trunk grows to 1.6m, retain one stronger branch at the top and two to three weaker branches at the bottom, and three to four branches, namely first-level side branches, grow in different directions from the top of the main trunk to the bottom, with a distance of 20 to 30cm; (23) in the 5th to 6th year after planting, in the spring of the 5th year, prune the inner branches and excess branches of the second-level side branches that sprout from the three first-level side branches; in summer, shorten the stronger first-level side branches at the top by 1 / 2 and pinch the tips of their second-level side branches, and shorten the weaker first-level side branches at the bottom by 1 / 3; in winter, prune the top first-level side branches; in the spring of the 6th year, remove all buds below the first-level side branches, retain three to four plump buds at the top of the main trunk in different directions, and two to three branches at the bottom First-order lateral branches are shortened by 2 / 3; in summer, when the new shoots grow to 50-60cm, the lower 2-3 first-order lateral branches are removed; in autumn and winter, when the main trunk grows to 1.8-2.0m, the remaining perennial first-order lateral branches at the top are removed. (3) Water and fertilizer management for different color series: According to the autumn leaf color of Zelkova trees, they are divided into red series and yellow series. The corresponding fertilizer types and amounts are applied for top dressing 1-2 years and 3-6 years after planting, respectively. Foliar fertilizer spraying is added 3-6 years after planting.

2. The cultivation and management method for a young clonal Zelkova forest with excellent ornamental value, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step (3): 1-2 years after planting, for red beech trees, apply 0.2-0.4 kg / tree of urea + 0.3-0.5 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and add 0.5-0.8 kg / tree of decomposed chicken manure from November to December; for yellow beech trees, apply 0.1-0.3 kg / tree of urea from March to April, and apply 0.1-0.3 kg / tree of urea again after 45-50 days; apply 0.2-0.5 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from June to July, and add 0.3-0.6 kg / tree of decomposed sesame cake fertilizer from winter to early spring; 3-6 years after planting, increase foliar fertilizer application: for red beech trees, apply 0.8-1.3 kg / tree of compound fertilizer from March to May, and apply 0.5-0.8 kg / tree of decomposed chicken manure from July to September. For yellow zelkova trees, apply compound fertilizer at a concentration of 2 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2 / 1000 sucrose + 1 / 1000 citric acid foliar spray 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 1.0-2.0 kg / tree of well-rotted chicken manure in holes around the root zone of the tree during soil tillage. For yellow zelkova trees, apply compound fertilizer at a concentration of 0.8-1.3 kg / tree from March to May, and apply foliar fertilizer at a concentration of 2 / 1000 boric acid + 1 / 1000 amino acids + 2 / 1000 urea foliar spray 2-3 times from July to September. In autumn and winter, every 1-2 years, apply 1.0-2.0 kg / tree of sesame cake fertilizer in holes around the root zone of the tree during soil tillage.

Images