A hydrogen storage reactor and a method of storing hydrogen

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen storage reactor and a hydrogen storage method. The hydrogen storage reactor comprises a reaction container and a feeding system arranged on the reaction container. The reaction container comprises a self-heating reaction zone and a hydrogen storage reaction zone which are functionally coupled. The self-heating reaction zone is provided with iron powder, and the hydrogen storage reaction zone is provided with a hydrogen storage material. The feeding system is used for inputting water and a gaseous oxidizing agent into the self-heating reaction zone. The water, the gaseous oxidizing agent and the iron powder generate an exothermic reaction, and the heat generated by the exothermic reaction vaporizes the water into high-temperature water vapor. The high-temperature water vapor reacts with the hydrogen storage material to generate hydrogen and release heat. The design not only greatly simplifies the system structure, realizes the lightweight and compactness of the device, but also uses the reaction heat to instantaneously vaporize the water. The high-temperature gaseous water carries a large amount of heat and more uniformly reacts with the hydrogen storage material, so that the hydrolysis reaction rate and the hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage material are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, and specifically to a hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing and releasing hydrogen. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is considered one of the most promising hydrogen storage methods due to its high volumetric hydrogen storage density and high safety. Among them, hydrides (such as magnesium hydride) can rapidly release hydrogen gas by reacting with water at room temperature and pressure. The reaction products are environmentally friendly and have extremely high application value.

[0003] However, hydrogen storage materials often exhibit slow reaction kinetics and are prone to forming passivation layers that hinder the reaction. Their reactions with liquid water suffer from unevenness and insufficient reaction area, necessitating heating to vaporize the liquid water. High-temperature water vapor carries a large amount of heat and distributes it more evenly, resulting in more uniform heat and mass distribution, increased contact area, lower reaction energy barriers, and accelerated reaction rates. However, this heating method also presents several challenges. First, external heating increases the system's energy consumption and reduces the overall energy efficiency of the hydrogen storage system. Second, additional heating equipment complicates the system structure, increases its size and cost, contradicting the requirements for lightweight and compact equipment in mobile and portable hydrogen storage applications. Finally, the system's startup depends on external energy, making it difficult to apply in scenarios without external power or heat sources.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a high-efficiency solid hydrogen storage reactor and method that can achieve self-starting, self-heating, no external energy required, and has a compact structure, in order to overcome the technical defects of existing technologies such as high energy consumption, system complexity, dependence on external heat sources, and poor start-up performance of hydrogen storage materials.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the current technology, it is very necessary to develop a new type of hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing and releasing hydrogen.

[0006] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing and releasing hydrogen to solve or alleviate one or more of the technical problems mentioned above.

[0008] The first aspect of this application provides a hydrogen storage reactor, the hydrogen storage reactor comprising: a reaction vessel, and a feeding system disposed on the reaction vessel; The reaction vessel includes a functionally coupled self-heating reaction zone and a hydrogen storage reaction zone; The self-heating reaction zone is provided with iron powder, and the hydrogen storage reaction zone is provided with hydrogen storage material; The feeding system is used to input water and gaseous oxidant into the self-heating reaction zone; The water, gaseous oxidant, and iron powder undergo an exothermic reaction, and the heat generated vaporizes the water into high-temperature water vapor. The high-temperature water vapor then undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material to produce hydrogen gas, while simultaneously releasing heat.

[0009] Optionally, the iron powder is loaded onto a carrier; Optionally, the carrier is a porous material, including carbon felt or porous flexible graphite.

[0010] Optionally, the hydrogen storage material is a solid hydrogen storage material.

[0011] Optionally, the solid hydrogen storage material includes any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium hydride, sodium hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, or borane ammonia.

[0012] Optionally, the gaseous oxidant includes air or oxygen.

[0013] Optionally, the self-heating reaction zone is at least partially surrounded or embedded within the hydrogen storage reaction zone.

[0014] Optionally, the feeding system includes a raw material distributor.

[0015] Optionally, the raw material distributor is provided with at least one inlet hole for dispersing water and gaseous oxidant into the reaction exothermic zone.

[0016] Optionally, the feeding system further includes a mixing device for mixing water and gaseous oxidant.

[0017] Optionally, the mixing device is a three-way injector or an ultrasonic nebulizer.

[0018] A second aspect of this application provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen based on a hydrogen storage reactor according to the first aspect, the method comprising: (1) Water and gaseous oxidant are fed into the self-heating reaction zone through the feeding system. The water and gaseous oxidant react with the iron powder set in the self-heating reaction zone to generate heat. (2) Water vaporizes into high-temperature water vapor under the action of heat. The high-temperature water vapor carries heat and undergoes hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material set in the hydrogen storage reaction zone. The heat and mass are more uniform, the reaction contact area is larger, hydrogen is produced, and heat is generated at the same time.

[0019] Optionally, the water and gas phase oxidant in step (1) are first mixed by a mixing device in the feeding system, and then fed into the self-heating reaction zone by a raw material distributor in the feeding system.

[0020] Optionally, the stoichiometric ratio of water, gaseous oxidant and iron powder in step (1) is (1.5-2):(0.5-0.8):1.

[0021] The embodiments of this application employing the above-described technical solution may have the following advantages: This application successfully achieves self-starting and self-powering of the hydrogen storage reactor by ingeniously utilizing the exothermic reaction of the raw materials to provide a heat source within the reactor, completely eliminating dependence on external heating equipment. This design not only greatly simplifies the system structure and achieves lightweight and compact design, but also utilizes the heat of reaction to instantly vaporize water, thereby significantly improving the hydrolysis reaction rate and hydrogen release efficiency of the hydrogen storage material. Simultaneously, by precisely controlling the reactant ratio, the hydrogen release process can be precisely controlled while ensuring high purity of the output hydrogen. Attached Figure Description

[0022] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the various drawings denote the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings depict only some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage reactor in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of iron powder loaded on carbon felt in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of iron powder and auxiliary materials loaded on carbon felt in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positions of the raw material distributor and the carbon felt in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the raw material distributor being connected from the center of the bottom of the tank in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the raw material distributor being connected from the side wall of the tank in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 7 These are the test temperatures of the reaction vessel at different times and locations in Embodiment 1 of this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1 is a mixing device, 2 is a raw material distributor, 3 is a self-heating reaction zone, and 4 is a hydrogen storage reaction zone. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, regions, and elements, as well as their relative dimensions, may be exaggerated. Throughout, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0025] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to other elements or layers, or there may be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this application, the first element, component, area, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, area, layer, or portion. And the discussion of a second element, component, area, layer, or portion does not imply that the first element, component, area, layer, or portion necessarily exists in this application.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0028] In this application, when numerical intervals (i.e., numerical ranges) are involved, unless otherwise specified, the distribution of selectable numerical values ​​within the numerical interval is considered continuous, and includes the two endpoints of the numerical interval (i.e., the minimum and maximum values), as well as every numerical value between these two endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval refers only to integers within that numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, as well as every integer between the two endpoints, which is equivalent to directly listing every integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these numerical ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges disclosed in this application should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, percentage, ratio, etc. The term "numerical interval" can be broadly included to include percentage intervals, ratio intervals, proportion intervals, etc.

[0029] This application provides a hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing and releasing hydrogen. Details are provided below.

[0030] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0031] This application provides a hydrogen storage reactor, which includes: a reaction vessel, and a feeding system disposed on the reaction vessel; The reaction vessel includes a functionally coupled self-heating reaction zone and a hydrogen storage reaction zone; The self-heating reaction zone is provided with iron powder, and the hydrogen storage reaction zone is provided with hydrogen storage material; The feeding system is used to input water and gaseous oxidant into the self-heating reaction zone; The water, gaseous oxidant, and iron powder undergo an exothermic reaction, and the heat generated vaporizes the water into high-temperature water vapor. The high-temperature water vapor then undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material to produce hydrogen.

[0032] In this application, an exothermic reaction of iron powder, water, and a gaseous oxidant is introduced as a heat source, eliminating the need for complex and bulky external heating devices, enabling rapid initiation of the hydrogen release process at room temperature. This reaction is intensely and rapidly exothermic, instantly vaporizing liquid water into high-temperature steam. This significantly increases the effective contact area and reactivity between water and the hydrogen storage material, resulting in more uniform heat and mass distribution, lowering the reaction energy barrier, and thus significantly accelerating the hydrolysis rate of the hydrogen storage material, achieving rapid and large-scale hydrogen release.

[0033] In this application, the hydrogen storage reactor has a simpler structure, which reduces manufacturing costs and overall weight, thereby achieving high efficiency and lightweight solid-state hydrogen storage system.

[0034] It should be noted that in this application, the self-heating reaction zone and the hydrogen storage reaction zone do not refer to two independent chambers that are completely isolated in physical structure. As long as the exothermic reaction can be realized to vaporize water and enable it to undergo a hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material, it is acceptable. That is, the two regions can be intertwined or even partially overlap in physical space, as long as the functional coupling requirements are met.

[0035] In some embodiments, the iron powder is loaded onto a carrier.

[0036] In some embodiments, the carrier is a porous material, including carbon felt or porous flexible graphite.

[0037] In this application, the carrier is a porous material with high specific surface area, excellent thermal conductivity and stable chemical inertness. Carbon felt or porous flexible graphite are preferred, which can load iron powder on it and effectively prevent the iron powder from agglomerating due to airflow impact or reaction during the reaction process, thus ensuring the stability and exposure of the reactive sites.

[0038] In this application, iron powder is loaded onto a support, which is a porous material that increases the contact area between the iron powder and water and the gaseous oxidant, making the exothermic reaction more uniform and rapid. At the same time, the porous structure of the support facilitates the diffusion of reactants and the discharge of products, maintaining the high efficiency of the reaction.

[0039] In this application, the carrier is a porous material, which can also play a certain role in intercepting the diffusion of gaseous oxides, so that the gaseous oxides can fully react with iron powder and water, reducing contact with hydrogen storage materials and hydrogen produced by the reaction.

[0040] In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage material includes any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium hydride, sodium hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, or borane ammonia.

[0041] In this application, the hydrogen storage materials used are all solid hydrogen storage materials with high hydrogen storage capacity, which can undergo a violent hydrolysis reaction with high-temperature water vapor to generate corresponding metal oxides or hydroxides and release hydrogen gas.

[0042] In this application, hydrogen is generated by hydrolysis rather than by pyrolysis. Firstly, the reaction can be carried out at a relatively low temperature; secondly, the hydrogen production rate is faster and the efficiency is higher; and thirdly, the requirements for the material of the reaction vessel are relatively lower.

[0043] In some embodiments, the gaseous oxidant includes air or oxygen.

[0044] It should be noted that the water in this application serves two purposes: first, it participates in the reaction with the gaseous oxidant and iron powder to generate heat; second, it can absorb heat and vaporize into water vapor, which then undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material to rapidly and efficiently generate hydrogen.

[0045] In this application, by controlling the mass ratio of gaseous oxidant to water, the amount of gaseous oxidant introduced is controlled within a low and precise range, so that the introduced oxygen reacts with iron powder and water as much as possible, thereby minimizing the risk of oxygen entering the hydrogen storage reaction zone and mixing with hydrogen to cause an explosion, which greatly improves the safety performance of the hydrogen storage reactor.

[0046] In some embodiments, the reaction vessel may also include excipients, which may be materials that promote the reaction or materials that participate in the reaction. Exemplary excipients include sodium hydroxide and / or vermiculite, which may be placed in carbon felt or added to hydrogen storage materials. This application does not specifically limit the amount or type of excipients added, and those skilled in the art can make adjustments according to the actual situation.

[0047] In some embodiments, the self-heating reaction zone at least partially surrounds or is embedded within the hydrogen storage reaction zone.

[0048] In this application, the positional relationship between the self-heating reaction zone and the hydrogen storage reaction zone is not specifically limited. Those skilled in the art can adjust it according to the actual situation, as long as the functional thermal coupling effect can be met.

[0049] In this application, the self-heating reaction zone can enclose the hydrogen storage reaction zone, similar to a jacket structure. The area of ​​the reaction vessel near the outer wall (which can be the side wall, the upper surface, the lower surface, or any combination of the side wall, upper surface, or lower surface) is the self-heating reaction zone, and the inner area is the hydrogen storage reaction zone. The feeding system introduces water and gaseous oxide into the self-heating reaction zone near the side wall. The heat after the reaction vaporizes the water, and the hydrogen storage reaction zone undergoes a hydrolysis reaction.

[0050] In this application, the self-heating reaction zone can be embedded within the hydrogen storage reaction zone. The number of self-heating reaction zones can be one or more, and the self-heating reaction zone can also be columnar, plate-like, sheet-like, barrel-like, honeycomb-like, network-like, or other structures. The self-heating reaction zone can be vertically or horizontally interspersed in the hydrogen storage reaction zone, and its surface is loaded with iron powder. This application does not specifically limit the number, structure, or interspersing method of the self-heating reaction zones, and those skilled in the art can adjust them according to actual needs. Water and gaseous oxides enter the self-heating reaction zone through the feeding system and react. The heat after the reaction vaporizes the water, which then undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in the hydrogen storage reaction zone.

[0051] In this application, the self-heating reaction zone can partially or completely surround and embed itself in the hydrogen storage reaction zone at the same time. Through the sandwiching method, the reaction between water vapor and hydrogen storage material is realized quickly, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the reaction and promoting the efficient and rapid hydrolysis of hydrogen storage material.

[0052] In this application, the self-heating reaction zone can be set on the inner wall, upper surface, lower surface, or inside of the reaction vessel. A carrier loaded with iron powder is placed in the self-heating reaction zone, and then hydrogen storage material is added to the reaction vessel to form a hydrogen storage reaction zone. When the self-heating reaction zone is set inside the reaction vessel, it can be inserted into the reaction vessel through a raw material distributor. The insertion can be made through the side wall of the reaction vessel, or through the upper or lower surface. A carrier loaded with iron powder is set on the outer periphery of the raw material distributor.

[0053] In some embodiments, the feeding system includes a raw material distributor.

[0054] In some embodiments, the raw material distributor is provided with at least one inlet port for dispersing water and gaseous oxidant into the reaction exothermic zone.

[0055] In this application, by setting at least one inlet hole on the raw material distributor, it is ensured that water and gas phase oxidant can be evenly distributed into the self-heating reaction zone in the form of a fine stream, so as to fully react with the loaded iron powder and avoid problems such as excessively violent local reactions or the existence of blind zones.

[0056] In this application, the raw material distributor preferably extends into the reaction vessel, and the carrier loaded with iron powder covers the raw material distributor. Water and gaseous oxide can be evenly dispersed onto the surface of the carrier loaded with iron powder through the input hole on the raw material distributor, and react fully with the iron powder. The heat generated vaporizes the liquid water, and the vaporized water vapor passes through the carbon felt and reacts with the hydrogen storage material.

[0057] In this application, since the carbon felt has a porous structure, it is easy to diffuse. Water vapor diffuses into the carbon felt arranged around the inner wall of the tank and at the bottom and top of the tank, and at the same time diffuses into the hydrogen storage material, which facilitates the reaction with the hydrogen storage material.

[0058] In some embodiments, the feeding system further includes a mixing device for mixing water and a gaseous oxidant.

[0059] In some embodiments, the mixing device is a three-way injector or an ultrasonic atomizer.

[0060] In this application, the function of the mixing device is to mix water and gaseous oxidant, which can ensure the uniformity of reactant input and avoid the problem of excessively violent local reactions or blind spots. This application does not specifically limit the type of mixing device. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments according to actual needs. It is preferred to use a three-way injector or an ultrasonic atomizer for mixing.

[0061] This application provides a hydrogen storage and release method based on a hydrogen storage reactor in its embodiments, the hydrogen storage and release method comprising: (1) Water and gaseous oxidant are fed into the self-heating reaction zone through the feeding system. The water and gaseous oxidant react with the iron powder set in the self-heating reaction zone to generate heat. (2) Water vaporizes into high-temperature water vapor under the action of heat. The high-temperature water vapor carries more uniform heat and reacts with the hydrogen storage material set in the hydrogen storage reaction zone to accelerate the reaction rate, produce hydrogen, and generate heat at the same time.

[0062] In this application, hydrogen is stored and released in the aforementioned hydrogen storage reactor. Water and gaseous oxidant are introduced through the feeding system. The two react exothermically with iron powder loaded in the self-heating reaction zone. The heat generated causes the water to undergo a phase change and vaporize into water vapor. The water vapor reacts with the hydrogen storage material, accelerating the reaction rate, lowering the reaction energy barrier, and making the heat and mass more uniform, thus producing hydrogen. The reaction between the water vapor and the hydrogen storage material is also an exothermic reaction, which further accelerates the reaction and produces hydrogen.

[0063] The hydrogen storage and release method described in this application is simple in procedure and easy to operate, providing a new technical path for the controllable and rapid release of hydrogen from solid hydrogen storage materials.

[0064] In some embodiments, the water and gas phase oxidant in step (1) are first mixed by a mixing device in the feeding system, and then fed into the self-heating reaction zone by a raw material distributor in the feeding system.

[0065] In this application, the raw materials are mixed first and then dispersed to ensure that each local area entering the self-heating reaction zone can obtain uniform reactants, thereby ensuring the stability of the reaction and avoiding problems such as temperature field fluctuations and reaction instability caused by uneven mixing, making the hydrogen production process more stable and controllable.

[0066] In some embodiments, the stoichiometric ratio of water, gaseous oxidant and iron powder in step (1) is (1.5-2):(0.5-0.8):1.

[0067] In this application, the mass ratio of water, gaseous oxidant and iron powder determines the intensity and completeness of the exothermic reaction, and the ratio of water to hydrogen storage material is directly related to the conversion rate of hydrogen storage material and the total hydrogen production.

[0068] In this application, by controlling the quality of water, gaseous oxidant and iron powder, the introduced oxygen reacts with the iron powder and water as much as possible, thereby minimizing the risk of oxygen entering the hydrogen storage reaction zone and mixing with hydrogen to cause an explosion, which greatly improves the safety performance of the hydrogen storage reactor.

[0069] It should be noted that when the hydrogen content reaches a certain flow rate, the oxygen or water content needs to be adjusted. When the tank wall temperature is detected to reach a certain temperature, the oxygen supply is stopped.

[0070]

Example 1

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, iron powder (represented by circles) is loaded on the surface, pores and between adjacent layers of carbon felt (represented by rectangles). After the liquid water reacts with the iron powder and gaseous oxide to a certain extent and releases heat, it becomes gaseous water and diffuses into the hydrogen storage material relatively evenly through the porous structure of the carbon felt.

[0072] When excipients are added to the reaction vessel, such as Figure 3 As shown, iron powder (represented by circles) and auxiliary materials (represented by rings) are loaded on the surface, pores and between adjacent layers of carbon felt (represented by rectangles). After the liquid water reacts with the iron powder and gaseous oxide to a certain extent and releases heat, it becomes gaseous water and diffuses relatively evenly into the hydrogen storage material (represented by triangles) through the porous structure of the carbon felt.

[0073] like Figure 4 As shown, a porous carrier loaded with iron powder is coated on the raw material distributor; as Figure 5 As shown, the raw material distributor can extend into the reaction vessel from the bottom center. The carrier loaded with iron powder covers the raw material distributor. Water and gaseous oxide can be evenly dispersed onto the surface of the carrier loaded with iron powder through the input holes on the raw material distributor, and react fully with the iron powder. The heat generated vaporizes the liquid water. The vaporized water vapor passes through the carbon felt and diffuses from the carbon felt. Since the carbon felt has a porous structure, it is easy to diffuse. The water vapor diffuses into the carbon felt arranged around the inner wall of the tank and at the bottom and top of the tank, and at the same time diffuses into the hydrogen storage material, which facilitates the reaction with the hydrogen storage material. Here, the triangle refers to the hydrogen storage material.

[0074] like Figure 6 As shown, the feed distributor can also be connected from the side wall of the reaction vessel. It should be noted that the feed distributor can also be connected from the upper surface or the lower surface of the reaction vessel at the same time. The connection position is not limited. Here, the triangle refers to the hydrogen storage material.

[0075] This embodiment also provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen based on the above-described hydrogen storage reactor, including: (1) Water and oxygen are simultaneously introduced into the reactor through the feeding system. The mixed fluid flows out through the through hole on the distributor and first comes into contact with the iron powder on the carbon felt, resulting in a violent exothermic oxidation reaction (2Fe + O2 + 2H2O → 2Fe(OH)2 reaction). This reaction releases a large amount of heat instantaneously (enthalpy change of reaction is about 500+ kJ / mol), causing the surrounding liquid water to rapidly vaporize into high-temperature water vapor. The stoichiometric ratio of water, oxygen and iron powder is 1.8:0.6:1. (2) The generated high-temperature water vapor immediately undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the surrounding magnesium hydride (MgH2+ 2H2O → Mg(OH)2+ 2H2), releasing hydrogen gas.

[0076] This reaction is exothermic. The system temperature rises rapidly. When the flow rate of hydrogen produced by the reaction of 200 g of magnesium hydride is 3000-4000 sccm, the oxygen or water content will be adjusted. When the tank temperature is detected to reach about 100℃, the oxygen supply will be stopped because the exothermic reaction of magnesium hydride is sufficient to maintain the entire reaction system.

[0077] Figure 7 To measure the top, body, and bottom temperatures of the reaction vessel at different times, by... Figure 7 It can be roughly divided into three sections. In section I, the oxygen supply and heating stage occurs, during which the tank temperature rises slowly. In section II, after the oxygen supply is stopped when the tank temperature reaches around 100 degrees Celsius, the hydrogen storage material reacts with gaseous water to generate a large amount of hydrogen and releases a large amount of heat, causing the tank temperature to rise overall. In section III, the hydrogen release reaction of the hydrogen storage material gradually slows down, and the tank temperature gradually decreases until the hydrogen release reaction ends.

[0078] It should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inside or outside relative to the outline of the component itself. For example, if a device in the drawings is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures will subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0079] It should also be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this application refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0081] It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage reactor, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage reactor includes: a reaction vessel, and a feeding system disposed on the reaction vessel; The reaction vessel includes a functionally coupled self-heating reaction zone and a hydrogen storage reaction zone; The self-heating reaction zone is provided with iron powder, and the hydrogen storage reaction zone is provided with hydrogen storage material; The feeding system is used to input water and gaseous oxidant into the self-heating reaction zone; The water, gaseous oxidant, and iron powder undergo an exothermic reaction, and the heat generated vaporizes the water into high-temperature steam. The high-temperature water vapor undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material to produce hydrogen gas and release heat at the same time. The hydrogen storage material is a solid hydrogen storage material; The solid hydrogen storage material includes any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium hydride, sodium hydride, sodium aluminum hydride or borane ammonia. The gaseous oxidant includes air or oxygen; The self-heating reaction zone at least partially surrounds and / or is embedded within the hydrogen storage reaction zone.

2. The hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The iron powder is loaded onto a carrier; The carrier is a porous material, including carbon felt or porous flexible graphite.

3. The hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding system includes a raw material distributor; the raw material distributor is provided with at least one input port for dispersing water and gaseous oxidant into the reaction exothermic zone.

4. The hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feeding system also includes a mixing device for mixing water and gaseous oxidant; The mixing device is a three-way injector or an ultrasonic atomizer.

5. A method for storing and releasing hydrogen based on the hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage and release method includes: Step (1): Water and gaseous oxidant are fed into the self-heating reaction zone through the feeding system. The water and gaseous oxidant react with the iron powder in the self-heating reaction zone to generate heat. Step (2): Water vaporizes into high-temperature water vapor under the action of heat. The high-temperature water vapor undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the hydrogen storage material set in the hydrogen storage reaction zone to produce hydrogen gas and generate heat at the same time.

6. The hydrogen storage and release method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (1), the water and gas phase oxidant are first mixed by a mixing device in the feeding system, and then fed into the self-heating reaction zone by a raw material distributor in the feeding system.

7. The hydrogen storage and release method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stoichiometric ratio of water, gaseous oxidant and iron powder in step (1) is (1.5~2):(0.5~0.8):1.

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