A biomass multistage gasifier

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass multistage gasification furnace, and belongs to the technical field of biomass gasification furnaces, and aims to solve the problem of low tar recovery efficiency in the prior art. The biomass multistage gasification furnace comprises a main furnace, a first collecting furnace and a second collecting furnace. The main furnace is provided with a feeder, and a combustion furnace and a first condensing purifier located above the combustion furnace are arranged in the main furnace. The feeder is in communication with the combustion furnace. The first collecting furnace is in communication with the first condensing purifier through a first connecting pipe, and a second condensing purifier is arranged in the first collecting furnace. The second collecting furnace is in communication with the second condensing purifier through a second connecting pipe, and a bag-type dust collector is arranged in the second collecting furnace. An air outlet is arranged on the second collecting furnace. The multistage purification system, including the first condensing purifier, the second condensing purifier and the bag-type dust collector, is arranged, deep purification of fuel gas is realized, the tar recovery rate and the fuel gas cleanliness are significantly improved, the damage of tar to subsequent equipment is reduced, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biomass gasification furnace technology, specifically relating to a multi-stage biomass gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass gasification furnaces, as key equipment for converting biomass energy into high-grade energy, primarily process biomass raw materials such as crop straw, forestry waste, and livestock manure. By creating an oxygen-deficient or partially combusted reaction environment within the furnace, the raw materials undergo a series of chemical reactions including pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, ultimately producing biomass gas containing combustible components such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane. This gas can be directly used for cooking, heating, and other domestic applications, or as fuel for industrial boilers and internal combustion engines, achieving efficient energy utilization of biomass resources. This is of great significance for alleviating energy shortages and reducing fossil fuel consumption.

[0003] In the prior art, patent number CN201921559814.3 discloses a detachable biomass fuel gasification stove, which achieves convenient addition of raw materials and flexible maintenance of the stove body through a detachable structure, thus optimizing the ease of use of the biomass gasification stove to a certain extent. However, this stove has obvious shortcomings in the gas treatment process: it directly discharges the gas generated after the combustion of raw materials through only one layer of filtration.

[0004] A major problem with this design is the low tar recovery rate. Biomass feedstock produces a large amount of tar during gasification. Tar itself has some energy value, and effective recovery could further improve the overall utilization rate of biomass resources. However, this furnace only uses a single-layer filter, which has very limited ability to intercept and collect tar. Most of the tar is discharged with the gas and cannot be effectively recovered. This not only wastes this usable resource, but the discharged tar also adheres to subsequent pipes, combustion equipment, and other components, affecting the normal operation of the equipment and indirectly increasing maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a biomass multi-stage gasifier to solve the problem of low tar recovery efficiency caused by using a single-layer filter for tar recovery in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A biomass multi-stage gasification furnace, comprising:

[0008] The main furnace is equipped with a feeder and a combustion furnace. The feeder is connected to the combustion furnace. The main furnace is also equipped with a first condenser purifier, which is located above the combustion furnace.

[0009] A first collecting furnace is connected to a first condenser purifier via a first connecting pipe. A second condenser purifier is also provided inside the first collecting furnace, and the second condenser purifier is located above the connection point between the first connecting pipe and the first collecting furnace.

[0010] The second collecting furnace is located on one side of the first collecting furnace. The second collecting furnace is connected to the second condenser purifier through a second connecting pipe. A bag filter is installed inside the second collecting furnace. The bag filter is located above the connection between the second connecting pipe and the second collecting furnace. An air outlet is provided on the second collecting furnace. The air outlet is located above the bag filter.

[0011] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the feeder is a vertical screw conveyor. Biomass raw materials are crushed by a pulverizer and then transported to the screw conveyor via a conveyor belt. There is a cavity between the main furnace and the combustion furnace, which is filled with water through an external water pipe, forming a closed combustion system. A maintenance port connected to the combustion furnace is located at the waist of the main furnace. Carbon powder and wood blocks are fed into the combustion furnace through this maintenance port. After filling the maintenance port to half its height, ignition begins. Once ignition is successful, the maintenance port is closed, and raw material feeding can resume. This reduces [the burden on the furnace]. The system reduces the number of ignition personnel and improves safety, avoiding ignition uncertainty and increasing the efficiency of pre-ignition preparation. The first condenser purifier condenses and filters the combustible gas, which, after filtration and condensation, forms liquid tar and enters the first collection furnace through the first connecting pipe. The first collection furnace contains a spiral pipe; some combustible gas passes through this spiral pipe and then through the second condenser purifier for filtration and condensation before entering the second collection furnace through the second connecting pipe. The remaining gas is discharged through the outlet after small particulate impurities are removed by a bag filter. Through this multi-stage purification system, including the first condenser purifier, the second condenser purifier, and the bag filter, deep purification of the fuel gas is achieved, significantly improving tar recovery rate and fuel cleanliness, reducing tar damage to downstream equipment, and extending equipment lifespan. The closed-loop water circulation system effectively recovers combustion heat, improving overall energy utilization. The maintenance port ignition structure reduces the number of ignition personnel, improves ignition safety and pre-ignition preparation efficiency, and lowers operational risks.

[0012] Preferably, the combustion furnace is equipped with a pressing device, which includes an annular groove fixed to the inner side of the combustion furnace. An annular guide rail is slidably embedded in the annular groove. An annular inner support is provided on the inner side of the annular guide rail. A plurality of support rods are provided between the annular guide rail and the annular inner support. The plurality of support rods are spaced apart circumferentially along the annular guide rail. A pressing knife is provided at the bottom of one of the support rods. The pressing knife is arranged radially along the annular guide rail. The furnace also includes a first driving assembly for driving the annular guide rail to rotate.

[0013] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the annular groove is fixed inside the combustion furnace, serving as a basic load-bearing structure and providing a sliding track for the annular guide rail, ensuring its stability and concentricity during rotation. The annular guide rail is made of wear-resistant cast iron, typically with a diameter of 800-1200mm, and is slidably embedded in the annular groove, allowing it to rotate along the groove. The annular inner support is welded from stainless steel plates and located inside the annular guide rail. It is connected to the guide rail via a support rod, enhancing the overall structural rigidity and preventing guide rail deformation. One end of the support rod connects to the annular guide rail, and the other end connects to the annular inner support, forming a stable frame structure and providing a mounting point for the pressure knife. The pressure knife is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel, with a cutting edge thickness of 2-3mm, and is fixed to the bottom of one of the support rods. It is used to compact and scrape the biomass raw materials inside the furnace. The first drive assembly provides stable power to the annular guide rail, driving it to rotate at a set speed. The principle of this solution is as follows: After the first driving component is activated, it drives the annular guide rail to rotate circumferentially within the annular groove. As the annular guide rail rotates, it drives the connected annular inner support and several support rods to rotate synchronously. The pressure blade at the bottom of one of the support rods rotates with the support rod, continuously compacting and leveling the biomass raw material within the combustion furnace radially along the annular guide rail, ensuring that the raw material is evenly distributed in the reaction area and preventing any gaps or accumulation. In this invention, by setting up a sliding fit between the annular groove and the annular guide rail, and by using pressure blades, support rods, and a stable drive mechanism for the first driving component, uniform compaction and continuous leveling of the biomass raw material within the furnace are achieved, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of biomass gas generation.

[0014] Preferably, the top of the feeder has an inlet located outside the main furnace, and the bottom of the feeder has an outlet located inside the combustion furnace. The annular inner support is sleeved at the outlet. The first drive assembly includes a first motor, which is fixed to the outside of the main furnace. The output shaft of the first motor passes through the interior of the combustion furnace, and a first gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor. A first rack that meshes with the first gear is provided on the annular guide rail, and the first rack is arranged circumferentially along the annular guide rail.

[0015] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the main furnace is made of carbon steel with a thickness of 8-10mm, and is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the combustion furnace, providing an installation base for the feeder and serving as a protective and heat-insulating function; the feeder is a stainless steel screw conveyor, vertically installed in the main furnace, with the top inlet outside the main furnace for easy feeding, and the bottom outlet extending into the combustion furnace, feeding continuously and evenly through the screw structure; the annular inner support is sleeved at the outlet to ensure that the raw material falls accurately into the reaction zone; the first gear fixed on the output shaft meshes with the first rack circumferentially arranged on the annular guide rail to form a gear and rack transmission structure; during operation, the feeder first feeds the raw material into the combustion furnace, and when the raw material height rises to near the pressing device, the first motor starts, and the output shaft drives the first gear to rotate, driving the annular guide rail to rotate in the annular groove through the meshing transmission of the gear and rack, thereby driving the pressing knife to compact the raw material that has reached the height. The gear and rack transmission design of the first drive component enables precise and stable rotation of the ring guide rail. At the same time, the motor is fixed on the outside of the main furnace, which reduces the impact of high temperature inside the furnace on the motor and extends its service life.

[0016] Preferably, the pressing knife is inclined, and the pressing knife forms an angle with the plane where the annular guide rail is located.

[0017] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the inclined setting of the pressure knife, forming an angle with the plane of the annular guide rail, is to allow the pressure knife to generate an oblique force on the raw material when rotating with the annular guide rail. This oblique force enhances the compaction effect of the raw material and avoids the existence of voids inside the raw material. At the same time, the inclined design reduces the resistance when the pressure knife contacts the raw material, reduces the load on the drive components, extends the service life of the equipment, and also allows the pressure knife to glide more smoothly across the surface of the raw material, ensuring a stable and efficient pressing process.

[0018] Preferably, the pressure knife includes a compaction surface at its bottom, the compaction surface being inclined upward in a direction away from the annular guide rail.

[0019] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the compaction surface at the bottom of the pressure knife is inclined upwards in a direction away from the annular guide rail. This structure is adapted to the rotational movement of the pressure knife: when the annular guide rail drives the pressure knife to rotate in a circle, the inclined compaction surface comes into contact with the biomass feedstock. Since its inclination direction is away from the annular guide rail (i.e., inclined inwards and upwards), during the rotation, the compaction surface exerts an inward and downward force on the feedstock below. This pushes the feedstock towards the center of the combustion furnace, preventing the feedstock from accumulating in the edge area, and also gradually compacts the feedstock through the squeezing action of the inclined surface, making the feedstock density more uniform. By setting this inclined compaction surface, combined with the rotational movement of the pressure knife, it can effectively break the feedstock bridging phenomenon, ensure uniform distribution of feedstock to promote full gasification reaction, and increase the feedstock density through directional aggregation and compaction, reducing uneven combustion caused by local voids, while reducing equipment wear and extending service life.

[0020] Preferably, the height of the support rod gradually increases along the direction from the annular inner support to the annular guide rail.

[0021] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the height of the support rod gradually increases along the direction from the inner annular support to the annular guide rail; that is, the end closer to the inner annular support has a smaller dimension, and the end closer to the annular guide rail has a larger dimension. This design creates an inclined support structure that gradually rises from the inside to the outside when connecting the inner annular support and the annular guide rail. This inclined support method enhances the load-bearing capacity of the support rod on the annular guide rail, disperses the radial force generated when the annular guide rail rotates, reduces component wear, extends the service life of the device, and thus ensures the stability and efficiency of the pressing process.

[0022] Preferably, the main furnace is supported and fixed by a first bracket, the bottom of the combustion furnace extends out of the main furnace, a base frame is provided below the combustion furnace, a base is rotatably connected to the top of the base frame, the base is arranged along the circumference of the combustion furnace, a support seat is provided on the top of the base, the support seat is located inside the combustion furnace, and a grate is provided on the top of the support seat; the base is driven by a second drive assembly to drive the grate to rotate.

[0023] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the first support is used to support and fix the main furnace, ensuring the overall structural stability of the main furnace; the base frame is set below the combustion furnace, serving as the supporting foundation for the base, and its top is rotatably connected to the base, providing stable support for the base's rotation; the base is set along the circumference of the combustion furnace (usually in a ring shape), and can rotate around the top of the base frame, with the top connected to the support seat to transmit rotational power; the support seat is located inside the combustion furnace, used to fix and support the grate, transmitting the rotational force of the base to the grate; the grate carries the biomass raw materials inside the combustion furnace, and agitates the raw materials as it rotates with the support seat. The working principle is as follows: after the second drive component is started, it drives the base to rotate along the top of the base frame. The base transmits the rotational force to the grate through the support seat, causing the grate to rotate synchronously with the base inside the combustion furnace. During the rotation, the grate continuously tumbles and agitates the biomass raw materials on it, allowing the raw materials to fully contact the air (oxygen) and simultaneously making the raw materials more evenly heated. By setting up a rotatable grate and matching base frame, base, support seat and second drive component, the grate realizes dynamic stirring of raw materials, allowing the raw materials to come into fuller contact with oxygen, promoting more complete oxidation reaction, reducing the residue of unreacted raw materials and improving gasification efficiency; at the same time, the rotation stirring avoids overheating or coking caused by local accumulation of raw materials, extends the service life of the combustion furnace and reduces maintenance costs.

[0024] Preferably, the second drive assembly includes a second motor located on one side of the main furnace. The output shaft of the second motor is provided with a second gear, and the base is provided with a second rack that meshes with the second gear. The second rack is arranged circumferentially along the base.

[0025] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the second motor, located on one side of the main furnace, serves as the power source. The second gear on its output shaft meshes with a second rack circumferentially positioned on the base. After the second motor starts, the output shaft drives the second gear to rotate, which in turn drives the base to rotate around the top of the frame via a gear and rack transmission pair. This, in turn, drives the support base and grate to rotate synchronously, achieving dynamic stirring of the biomass feedstock inside the combustion furnace. By setting an external second motor and gear and rack transmission system, power is stably transmitted to the grate, achieving precise and controllable rotational stirring.

[0026] Preferably, there is a gap between the support base and the combustion furnace, and a gap between the combustion furnace and the base. A baffle hopper is arranged around the edge of the base, and an ash discharge hopper is rotatably connected to the top side of the baffle hopper. The ash discharge hopper is fixed to the main furnace. A scraper is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace. The scraper is inclined inward towards the inside of the combustion furnace, and the bottom of the scraper contacts the top of the base. A guide plate is provided between the baffle hopper and the outer wall of the combustion furnace. One end of the guide plate contacts the base, and the other end surrounds the outer wall of the combustion furnace and extends to the ash discharge hopper. The guide plate is fixed to the combustion furnace.

[0027] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the gap between the support base and the combustion furnace allows the support base to rotate with the base and avoids friction with the fixed combustion furnace. The gap between the combustion furnace and the base isolates the fixed combustion furnace from the rotating base and is used for ash discharge. The baffle hopper is used to block carbon ash, and the ash discharge hopper is fixed on the main furnace and located on one side of the top of the baffle hopper as an ash discharge channel. The scraper is used to scrape off carbon ash and guide it to the outside when the base rotates. The guide plate is used to guide the ash in the baffle hopper to the ash discharge hopper. Its overall working principle is: the base rotates counterclockwise. At the same time, the fixed scraper and the rotating base generate relative motion. The inclined scraper scrapes the carbon ash in the combustion furnace to the outside of the combustion furnace. The base continues to rotate, and the scraped ash is conveyed to the guide plate. The guide plate uses its inclined angle to convey the ash along the outer wall of the combustion furnace to the ash discharge hopper for discharge. In this scheme, by setting the scraper and the rotating base in cooperation, efficient removal of carbon ash is achieved, avoiding the accumulation of ash in the combustion furnace. By setting the guide plate in cooperation with the baffle hopper and the ash discharge hopper, the inclined angle of the guide plate completes the automatic conveying of ash without manual intervention.

[0028] Preferably, the support base is a hollow structure, and a first tube communicating with a through hole is provided inside the support base. The first tube is vertically arranged, and a second tube is connected inside the first tube. The second tube is also vertically arranged. An oxygen supply fan is also provided on the outside of the combustion furnace. The oxygen supply fan is connected to the second tube through an oxygen supply pipe. A water seal structure is also provided at the gap between the first tube and the second tube.

[0029] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the support base is a hollow structure, providing installation space for the pipe body and serving a protective function. The through hole connects to the first pipe body at the bottom of the grate, which is vertically fixed to the bottom of the grate and rotates synchronously with the grate, serving to transport gas. The second pipe body is vertically set and connected to the first pipe body, serving as a transfer channel for gas flow, and its position is relatively fixed. The oxygen supply fan is located outside the combustion furnace, supplying oxygen to the second pipe body through the oxygen supply pipe to provide a gas source for combustion. The water-sealed structure between the first and second pipe bodies can achieve a seal when they rotate relative to each other, preventing gas leakage and isolating the high temperature inside the furnace. The overall working principle is as follows: when the oxygen supply fan starts, oxygen enters the second pipe body through the oxygen supply pipe, then flows into the first pipe body connected to it, and finally enters the combustion furnace through the through hole on the grate, reaching the raw material accumulation area. Because the first pipe body rotates with the grate and the second pipe body is relatively fixed, the water-sealed structure at the gap between them ensures the sealing of the oxygen supply channel during rotation, preventing oxygen leakage and backflow of high-temperature gas inside the furnace. By setting up a first pipe and a second pipe that are connected to the grate through holes, oxygen can be directly transported from the bottom of the grate to the inside of the raw material, solving the problem of insufficient oxygen supply in the lower part of the raw material layer; the water-sealed structure ensures the sealing and safety of the gas passage during rotation.

[0030] Preferably, the water-sealing structure includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is located at the bottom of the first pipe body and communicates with the first pipe body. The outer sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the second pipe body and is located outside the inner sleeve. A first sealing cavity is formed between the inner sleeve and the outer wall of the second pipe body, and a second sealing cavity is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve. A water supply pipe communicating with the second sealing cavity is also provided on the outer sleeve. The end of the water supply pipe away from the outer sleeve is connected to a water pump located outside the combustion furnace, and the inlet of the water pump is connected to a water tank located outside the combustion furnace.

[0031] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the inner sleeve is fixed to the bottom of the first pipe body and communicates with it, rotating synchronously with the first pipe body, serving as the inner component of the sealing structure; the outer sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the second pipe body, located outside the inner sleeve and in a fixed position, forming a double sealing space with the inner sleeve; the first sealing cavity between the inner sleeve and the outer wall of the second pipe body, and the second sealing cavity between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, can be filled with water to form a double water seal, enhancing the sealing effect; the water supply pipe connects the outer sleeve and the water pump, used to transport water from the water tank to the second sealing cavity; the water tank stores the water source used for sealing. The overall working principle is as follows: the water pump starts and sends water from the water tank into the second sealing cavity through the water supply pipe, and the water then flows into the first sealing cavity, filling both sealing cavities with water. The fluidity and sealing properties of the water fill the gaps between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, and between the inner sleeve and the second pipe body, blocking the gas leakage channel during relative rotation. By setting up a double-sealed cavity formed by the inner and outer sleeves and a water circulation system consisting of a water pump, water supply pipe, and water tank, reliable sealing is achieved when the pipe body rotates relative to each other, enhancing the airtightness of the oxygen supply channel. At the same time, water can carry away the heat of the pipe body, preventing high temperature damage to the sealing structure.

[0032] Preferably, the outer sleeve is further provided with a water outlet pipe that communicates with the second sealing cavity, and the end of the water outlet pipe away from the outer sleeve is connected to the water tank.

[0033] In this technical solution, it should be noted that one end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the second sealing cavity on the outer sleeve, and the other end is connected to the water tank to form a water circulation loop. Its function is to guide the water that has absorbed heat from the pipe body in the second sealing cavity back to the water tank, so as to realize the recycling of water. At the same time, through continuous water circulation, it can avoid the water temperature in the sealing cavity from being too high and affecting the sealing effect, and can also maintain the water level in the sealing cavity to ensure the continuous effectiveness of the water seal structure.

[0034] Preferably, the first condenser purifier includes a housing, and a partition plate is fixedly embedded in the housing. The partition plate divides the interior of the housing into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The upper cavity is filled with condensate and is provided with a plurality of filter tubes. The top of the filter tubes is connected to the main furnace, the bottom of the filter tubes is connected to the lower cavity, and the lower cavity is connected to the first connecting pipe.

[0035] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the shell of the first condenser purifier is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a fixedly embedded partition plate. The upper chamber is filled with condensate and is equipped with several filter tubes. Its working principle is as follows: the high-temperature gas generated by combustion enters the filter tubes from the top of the main furnace. The filter tubes pass through the upper chamber filled with condensate. The gas is cooled by the condensate as it flows in the filter tubes, and the liquid tar in them flows down the tube wall to the lower chamber. Part of the gas that has been condensed and filtered also enters the lower chamber through the bottom of the filter tubes. Subsequently, the gas and liquid tar in the lower chamber enter the first collection furnace through the first connecting pipe. By setting up the partition plate to form the upper and lower chambers, independent spaces are provided for the condensation and filtration processes. The condensate in the upper chamber can efficiently cool the gas, causing tar and other substances to condense and separate. The filter tubes play a role in guiding the flow of gas and intercepting some impurities. The lower chamber collects the treated gas and liquid tar and transports them through the first connecting pipe. This structure achieves preliminary purification of gas and effective separation of tar, improving the tar recovery rate.

[0036] Preferably, the bag filter includes a sealing plate, which is fixed inside the second collecting furnace. Several air vents are provided through the sealing plate, and a dust removal filter tube is connected to the bottom of each air vent. A dust removal bag is fitted on the outer wall of the dust removal filter tube. A pipe is also provided at the top of the sealing plate, and a high-pressure blower is connected to the outside of the pipe. A nozzle is connected to the pipe and is located inside the dust removal filter tube.

[0037] In this technical solution, it should be noted that the sealing plate of the bag filter is fixed in the partition space inside the second collecting furnace. The air vent on the sealing plate is connected to the bottom dust collection filter tube. The outer wall of the dust collection filter tube is fitted with a dust collection bag to filter gas impurities. The pipe at the top of the sealing plate is connected to a nozzle located inside the dust collection filter tube for reverse air blowing to clean the dust collection bag. At the same time, an oil suction pipe is fixed inside the dust collection filter tube and its bottom is connected to an external oil storage tank. The oil storage tank is equipped with an oil delivery pipe connected to the outside. Its working principle is as follows: After the gas containing impurities and a small amount of tar mist enters the second collecting furnace through the second connecting pipe, it enters the dust collection bag through the dust collection filter tube. Small particulate impurities in the gas are intercepted by the dust collection bag, and the purified gas is discharged through the air vent. During the dust removal process... Some tar mist condenses on the inner walls of the dust collector bags and filter tubes. The oil suction pipe collects the condensed tar and transports it to the oil storage tank. The oil storage tank then discharges the collected tar for reuse through the oil delivery pipe. When the dust collector bags need cleaning, gas is sprayed into the filter tubes through nozzles, blowing away impurities on the dust collector bags in the reverse direction. By setting up the oil suction pipe and oil storage tank, the collection and recycling of residual tar in the gas is achieved, improving resource utilization, reducing tar clogging of the dust collector bags, and extending the service life of the dust collector bags. At the same time, the reverse blowing cleaning function of the nozzles further improves the filtration efficiency and equipment stability. The collected tar is discharged through the oil delivery pipe, facilitating centralized treatment and resource utilization, and reducing operating costs.

[0038] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] 1. In this invention, a multi-stage purification system, including a first condenser purifier, a second condenser purifier, and a bag filter, achieves deep purification of the fuel gas, significantly improving tar recovery rate and fuel gas cleanliness, reducing tar damage to downstream equipment, and extending equipment lifespan; a closed-loop water circulation system effectively recovers combustion heat, improving overall energy utilization; and a maintenance port ignition structure reduces the number of ignition personnel, improves ignition safety and pre-preparation efficiency, and lowers operational risks.

[0040] 2. In this invention, by setting a compaction surface and coordinating it with the rotational motion of the pressure knife, the bridging phenomenon of raw materials can be effectively eliminated, ensuring uniform distribution of raw materials to promote the full gasification reaction, reducing uneven combustion caused by local voids, and at the same time reducing equipment wear and extending service life.

[0041] 3. In this invention, by setting a rotatable grate and matching base frame, base, support seat and second drive component, the grate realizes dynamic stirring of raw materials, allowing the raw materials to come into fuller contact with oxygen, promoting more complete oxidation reaction, reducing the residue of unreacted raw materials and improving gasification efficiency; at the same time, the rotation stirring avoids overheating or coking caused by local accumulation of raw materials, extends the service life of the combustion furnace and reduces maintenance costs.

[0042] 4. In this invention, by setting a scraper in conjunction with a rotating base, efficient scraping of carbon ash is achieved, avoiding the accumulation of ash and slag in the combustion furnace; by setting a guide plate in conjunction with a baffle hopper and an ash discharge hopper, the ash and slag are automatically conveyed by utilizing the tilt angle of the guide plate, without the need for manual intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The present invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the main furnace of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the pressing device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from an oblique angle;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a side oblique view of the main furnace structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A top-view structural diagram;

[0052] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the oblique three-dimensional structure after being cut along the center DD line;

[0053] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A partial structural diagram;

[0054] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A structural diagram showing the structure without a main furnace and combustion furnace;

[0055] Figure 12 This is a rear oblique view of the main furnace structure of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first condenser purifier of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bag filter of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A top-view structural diagram;

[0059] Figure 16 for Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the structure after GG cutting along the center line;

[0060] Figure 17 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0061] Wherein: 1-Main furnace, 2-Feeder, 3-Pulverizer, 4-Conveyor belt, 5-First collecting furnace, 6-Second collecting furnace, 7-First connecting pipe, 8-Second connecting pipe, 9-Gas outlet, 10-Combustion furnace, 11-Pressure device, 111-Annular guide rail, 112-Annular chute, 114-Annular inner support, 115-First rack, 116-First gear, 117-Support rod, 118-First motor, 119-Pressure knife, 1191-Compacted surface, 12-Cavity, 13-Water pipe, 14-Maintenance port, 16-Grate, 17-Support base, 18-Oxygen supply pipe, 181-Second pipe body, 182-Water pump, 183-Water supply pipe, 184-Water outlet pipe, 185-First pipe body, 186-Inner sleeve, 1 87-Outer sleeve, 188-First sealing cavity, 189-Second sealing cavity, 19-Oxygen supply fan, 20-Through hole, 21-First support, 22-Second condenser purifier, 23-Bag collector, 231-Sealing plate, 232-Ventilation port, 233-Dust collection bag, 234-Oil storage tank, 235-Oil delivery pipe, 236-Dust collection filter pipe, 237-Oil suction pipe, 238-Pipe, 239-Nozzle, 24-Base frame, 25-Base, 26-Second rack, 27-Scraper, 28-Guide plate, 29-Ash hopper, 30-Blocking hopper, 31-First condenser purifier, 311-Divider plate, 312-Upper cavity, 313-Lower cavity, 314-Filter pipe, 32-Second gear, 321-Second motor. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0063] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0065] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0066] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0067] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] like Figures 1-17 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a biomass multi-stage gasification furnace, comprising:

[0070] The main furnace 1 is equipped with a feeder 2 and a combustion furnace 10 inside the main furnace 1. The feeder 2 is connected to the combustion furnace 10. The main furnace 1 is also equipped with a first condenser purifier 31, which is located above the combustion furnace 10.

[0071] The first collecting furnace 5 is connected to the first condenser purifier 31 through the first connecting pipe 7. The first collecting furnace 5 is also provided with a second condenser purifier 22, which is located above the connection between the first connecting pipe 7 and the first collecting furnace 5.

[0072] The second collecting furnace 6 is located on one side of the first collecting furnace 5. The second collecting furnace 6 is connected to the second condenser purifier 22 through the second connecting pipe 8. The second collecting furnace 6 is equipped with a bag filter 23, which is located above the connection between the second connecting pipe 8 and the second collecting furnace 6. The second collecting furnace 6 is equipped with an air outlet 9, which is located above the bag filter 23.

[0073] It should be noted that the feeder 2 is a vertical screw conveyor. Biomass raw materials are crushed by the crusher 3 and then transported to the screw conveyor via the conveyor belt 4. A cavity 12 exists between the main furnace 1 and the combustion furnace 10. Water is filled into the cavity 12 through an external water pipe 13, forming a closed combustion system. A maintenance port 14, connected to the combustion furnace 10, is also located at the waist of the main furnace 1. Carbon powder and wood blocks are fed into the combustion furnace 10 through the maintenance port 14. After filling the maintenance port 14 to half its height, ignition begins. Once ignition is successful, the maintenance port 14 is closed, and raw material feeding can begin, thus reducing... The number of ignition personnel is reduced, safety is improved, uncertainty of ignition is avoided, and the efficiency of preliminary preparation work is improved; the first condenser purifier 31 has the function of condensation and filtration. After combustion, the gas is filtered and condensed by the first condenser purifier 31 to form liquid tar and enters the first collection furnace 5 through the first connecting pipe 7 for collection. The first collection furnace 5 is equipped with a spiral pipe 238. After passing through the spiral pipe 238, some combustible gas is filtered and condensed by the second condenser purifier 22 and then enters the second collection furnace 6 through the second connecting pipe 8. The remaining gas is discharged from the outlet 9 after small particulate impurities are removed by the bag filter 23. The multi-stage purification system, including a first condenser purifier 31, a second condenser purifier 22, and a bag filter 23, achieves deep purification of the fuel gas, significantly improving tar recovery rate and fuel gas cleanliness, reducing tar damage to downstream equipment, and extending equipment lifespan. The closed-loop water circulation system effectively recovers combustion heat, improving overall energy utilization. The ignition structure via the maintenance port 14 reduces the number of personnel required for ignition, improves ignition safety and pre-preparation efficiency, and lowers operational risks.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] like Figures 3-7As shown, this embodiment is largely the same as the above embodiment, except that the combustion furnace 10 is provided with a pressing device 11. The pressing device 11 includes an annular groove 112 fixed inside the combustion furnace 10. An annular guide rail 111 is slidably embedded in the annular groove 112. An annular inner support 114 is provided inside the annular guide rail 111. A plurality of support rods 117 are provided between the annular guide rail 111 and the annular inner support 114. The plurality of support rods 117 are spaced apart circumferentially along the annular guide rail 111. A pressing knife 119 is provided at the bottom of one of the support rods 117. The pressing knife 119 is arranged radially along the annular guide rail 111. It also includes a first driving assembly, which is used to drive the annular guide rail 111 to rotate. It should be noted that the annular groove 112 is fixed inside the combustion furnace 10 as a basic load-bearing structure, providing a sliding track for the annular guide rail 111 to ensure its stability and concentricity during rotation. The annular guide rail 111 is made of wear-resistant cast iron, with a diameter typically between 800-1200 mm. It is slidably embedded in the annular groove 112 and can rotate along the groove. The annular inner support 114 is welded from stainless steel sheet and is located inside the annular guide rail 111. It is connected to the guide rail via a support rod 117, serving to enhance the overall structural rigidity and prevent guide rail deformation. One end of the support rod 117 is connected to the annular guide rail 111, and the other end is connected to the annular inner support 114, forming a stable frame structure and providing a mounting point for the pressure knife 119. The pressure knife 119 is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel with a cutting edge thickness of 2-3 mm. It is fixed to the bottom of one of the support rods 117 and is used to compact and level the biomass raw materials in the furnace. The first drive assembly provides stable power to the annular guide rail 111, driving it to rotate at a set speed. The principle of this solution is as follows: After the first driving component is activated, it drives the annular guide rail 111 to rotate circumferentially within the annular groove 112. As the annular guide rail 111 rotates, it drives the connected annular inner support 114 and several support rods 117 to rotate synchronously. The pressure knife 119 at the bottom of one of the support rods 117 rotates with the support rod 117, continuously compacting and leveling the biomass raw material within the combustion furnace 10 radially along the annular guide rail 111, ensuring that the raw material is evenly distributed in the reaction area and preventing any gaps or accumulation. In this invention, by setting the sliding fit between the annular groove 112 and the annular guide rail 111, the pressure knife 119, the support rods 117, and the stable drive of the first driving component, uniform compaction and continuous leveling of the biomass raw material within the furnace are achieved, thereby improving the generation efficiency and quality of biomass fuel gas.

[0076] like Figures 3-7As shown, in this embodiment, the top of the feeder 2 has a feed inlet located outside the main furnace 1, and the bottom of the feeder 2 has a discharge outlet located inside the combustion furnace 10. The annular inner support 114 is sleeved at the discharge outlet. The first drive assembly includes a first motor 118, which is fixed to the outside of the main furnace 1. The output shaft of the first motor 118 passes through the interior of the combustion furnace 10, and a first gear 116 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 118. A first rack 115 that meshes with the first gear 116 is provided on the annular guide rail 111, and the first rack 115 is arranged circumferentially along the annular guide rail 111. It should be noted that the main furnace 1 is made of carbon steel with a thickness of 8-10mm. It is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the combustion furnace 10, providing an installation base for the feeder 2 and serving as a protective and heat-insulating function. The feeder 2 is a stainless steel screw conveyor, vertically installed on the main furnace 1. The top inlet is outside the main furnace 1 for easy feeding, and the bottom outlet extends into the combustion furnace 10. It feeds continuously and evenly through the screw structure. The annular inner support 114 is sleeved at the outlet to ensure that the raw material falls accurately into the reaction zone. The first gear 116 fixed on the output shaft meshes with the first rack 115 circumferentially arranged on the annular guide rail 111 to form a gear and rack transmission structure. During operation, the feeder 2 first feeds the raw material into the combustion furnace 10. When the raw material height rises to be close to the pressing device 11, the first motor 118 starts, and the output shaft drives the first gear 116 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission of the gear and rack, the annular guide rail 111 is driven to rotate in the annular slide groove 112, which in turn drives the pressing knife 119 to compact the raw material that has reached the height. The gear and rack transmission design of the first drive component enables precise and stable rotation of the ring guide rail 111. At the same time, the motor is fixed on the outside of the main furnace 1, which reduces the impact of high temperature inside the furnace on the motor and extends its service life.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the pressing knife 119 is inclined, forming an angle with the plane of the annular guide rail 111. It should be noted that the inclined setting of the pressing knife 119, forming an angle with the plane of the annular guide rail 111, is to allow the pressing knife 119 to generate an oblique force on the raw material when it rotates with the annular guide rail 111 to press it. This oblique force enhances the compaction effect on the raw material and avoids voids within the material. Simultaneously, the inclined design reduces the resistance when the pressing knife 119 contacts the raw material, lowers the load on the drive components, extends the equipment's service life, and allows the pressing knife 119 to glide more smoothly across the surface of the raw material, ensuring a stable and efficient pressing process.

[0078] like Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the pressing knife 119 includes a compaction surface 1191 at its bottom, which is inclined upwards in a direction away from the annular guide rail 111. It should be noted that the upward inclination of the compaction surface 1191 at the bottom of the pressing knife 119 is adapted to the rotational movement of the pressing knife 119: when the annular guide rail 111 drives the pressing knife 119 to rotate in a circle, the inclined compaction surface 1191 contacts the biomass raw material. Since its inclination direction is away from the annular guide rail 111 (i.e., inclined inwards and upwards), during rotation, the compaction surface 1191 exerts an inward and downward force on the raw material below, both pushing the raw material towards the center of the combustion furnace 10 to prevent accumulation in the edge area, and gradually compacting the raw material through the squeezing action of the inclined surface, making the raw material density more uniform. By setting this inclined compaction surface 1191, combined with the rotational motion of the pressure knife 119, the bridging phenomenon of raw materials can be effectively eliminated, ensuring uniform distribution of raw materials to promote full gasification reaction. At the same time, the bulk density of raw materials can be increased through directional aggregation and compaction, reducing uneven combustion caused by local voids, while reducing equipment wear and extending service life.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the height of the support rod 117 gradually increases along the direction from the inner annular support 114 to the annular guide rail 111. It should be noted that the height of the support rod 117 gradually increases along the direction from the inner annular support 114 to the annular guide rail 111; that is, the end closer to the inner annular support 114 has a smaller dimension, and the end closer to the annular guide rail 111 has a larger dimension. This design results in the support rod 117 forming an inclined support structure that gradually rises from the inside to the outside when connecting the inner annular support 114 and the annular guide rail 111. This inclined support method enhances the load-bearing capacity of the support rod 117 on the annular guide rail 111, disperses the radial force generated when the annular guide rail 111 rotates, reduces component wear, extends the service life of the device, and thus ensures the stability and efficiency of the pressing process.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] like Figures 7-10As shown, this embodiment is largely the same as the above embodiment, except that the main furnace 1 is supported and fixed by the first bracket 21, the bottom of the combustion furnace 10 extends out of the main furnace 1, a base frame 24 is provided below the combustion furnace 10, a base 25 is rotatably connected to the top of the base frame 24, the base 25 is arranged along the circumference of the combustion furnace 10, a support seat 17 is provided on the top of the base 25, the support seat 17 is located inside the combustion furnace 10, and a grate 16 is provided on the top of the support seat 17; the base 25 is driven by the second drive assembly to drive the grate 16 to rotate. It should be noted that the first bracket 21 is used to support and fix the main furnace 1, ensuring the overall structural stability of the main furnace 1; the base frame 24 is set below the combustion furnace 10, serving as the supporting foundation for the base 25, and its top is rotatably connected to the base 25, providing stable support for the rotation of the base 25; the base 25 is arranged circumferentially around the combustion furnace 10 (usually in a ring shape), and can rotate around the top of the base frame 24, with the top connected to the support seat 17 to transmit rotational power; the support seat 17 is located inside the combustion furnace 10, used to fix and support the grate 16, and transmits the rotational force of the base 25 to the grate 16; the grate 16 carries the biomass raw materials inside the combustion furnace 10, and stirs the raw materials when rotating with the support seat 17. The working principle is as follows: After the second drive component is activated, it drives the base 25 to rotate along the top of the base frame 24. The base 25 transmits the rotational force to the grate 16 through the support seat 17, causing the grate 16 to rotate synchronously with the base 25 inside the combustion furnace 10. During the rotation, the grate 16 continuously tumbles and stirs the biomass raw material on it, allowing the raw material to fully contact the air (oxygen) and making the raw material heat more evenly. By setting up a rotatable grate 16 and the matching base frame 24, base 25, support seat 17 and second drive component, the grate 16 achieves dynamic stirring of the raw material, allowing the raw material to have more full contact with oxygen, promoting a more complete oxidation reaction, reducing the residue of insufficiently reacted raw material, and improving gasification efficiency. At the same time, the rotational stirring avoids overheating or coking caused by local accumulation of raw material, extends the service life of the combustion furnace 10 and reduces maintenance costs.

[0082] like Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the second drive component includes a second motor 321, which is located on one side of the main furnace 1. A second gear 32 is mounted on the output shaft of the second motor 321, and a second rack 26 meshes with the second gear 32 on the base 25. The second rack 26 is arranged circumferentially around the base 25. It should be noted that the second motor 321, located on one side of the main furnace 1, serves as a power source. The second gear 32 on its output shaft meshes with the second rack 26 arranged circumferentially around the base 25. After the second motor 321 starts, its output shaft drives the second gear 32 to rotate, which in turn drives the base 25 to rotate around the top of the base frame 24 via a gear and rack transmission pair. This, in turn, drives the support base 17 and the grate 16 to rotate synchronously, achieving dynamic stirring of the biomass raw materials inside the combustion furnace 10. By setting an external second motor 321 and a gear and rack transmission system, power is stably transmitted to the grate 16, achieving precise and controllable rotational stirring.

[0083] like Figures 10-12As shown, in this embodiment, there is a gap between the support base 17 and the combustion furnace 10, and a gap between the combustion furnace 10 and the base 25. A baffle hopper 30 is arranged around the edge of the base 25. An ash discharge hopper 29 is rotatably connected to the top side of the baffle hopper 30 and is fixed to the main furnace 1. A scraper 27 is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace 10. The scraper 27 is inclined towards the inside of the combustion furnace 10 and the bottom of the scraper 27 contacts the top of the base 25. A guide plate 28 is provided between the baffle hopper 30 and the outer wall of the combustion furnace 10. One end of the guide plate 28 contacts the base 25, and the other end surrounds the outer wall of the combustion furnace 10 and extends to the ash discharge hopper 29. The guide plate 28 is fixed to the combustion furnace 10. It should be noted that the gap between the support base 17 and the combustion furnace 10 allows the support base 17 to rotate with the base 25 and avoids friction with the fixed combustion furnace 10. The gap between the combustion furnace 10 and the base 25 isolates the fixed combustion furnace 10 from the rotating base 25 and is used for ash discharge. The baffle hopper 30 is used to block carbon ash. The ash discharge hopper 29 is fixed on the main furnace 1 and located on one side of the top of the baffle hopper 30 as an ash discharge channel. The scraper 27 is used to scrape off carbon ash and guide it to the outside when the base 25 rotates. The guide plate 28 is used to guide the ash in the baffle hopper 30 to the ash discharge hopper 29. Its overall working principle is: when the base 25 rotates counterclockwise, The fixed scraper 27 and the rotating base 25 generate relative motion. The inclined scraper 27 scrapes the carbon ash inside the combustion furnace 10 to the outside of the combustion furnace 10. The base 25 continues to rotate, and the scraped ash is conveyed to the guide plate 28. The guide plate 28 uses its inclined angle to convey the ash along the outer wall of the combustion furnace 10 to the ash discharge hopper 29 for discharge. In this scheme, by setting the scraper 27 and the rotating base 25 to cooperate, the efficient scraping of carbon ash is achieved, and the accumulation of ash in the combustion furnace 10 is avoided. By setting the guide plate 28 to cooperate with the baffle hopper 30 and the ash discharge hopper 29, the inclined angle of the guide plate 28 is used to complete the automatic conveying of ash without manual intervention.

[0084] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the support base 17 is a hollow structure. The support base 17 has a first tube 185 communicating with the through hole 20. The first tube 185 is vertically arranged, and a second tube 181 is connected inside the first tube 185. The second tube 181 is also vertically arranged. An oxygen supply fan 19 is also provided on the outside of the combustion furnace 10. The oxygen supply fan 19 is connected to the second tube 181 through an oxygen supply pipe 18. A water seal structure is also provided at the gap between the first tube 185 and the second tube 181. It should be noted that the support base 17 is a hollow structure, providing installation space for the tube body and serving a protective function; the through hole 20 is connected to the first tube body 185 at the bottom of the grate 16, the first tube body 185 is vertically fixed at the bottom of the grate 16 and rotates synchronously with the grate 16, serving to transport gas; the second tube body 181 is vertically arranged and connected to the first tube body 185, serving as a transfer channel for gas flow, and its position is relatively fixed; the oxygen supply fan 19 is located outside the combustion furnace 10, supplying oxygen to the second tube body 181 through the oxygen supply pipe 18, providing a gas source for combustion; the water seal structure between the first tube body 185 and the second tube body 181 can achieve a seal when the two rotate relative to each other, preventing gas leakage and isolating the high temperature inside the furnace. The overall working principle is as follows: When the oxygen supply fan 19 starts, oxygen enters the second pipe 181 through the oxygen supply pipe 18, then flows into the first pipe 185 connected to it, and finally enters the combustion furnace 10 through the through hole 20 on the grate 16, reaching the raw material accumulation area. Since the first pipe 185 rotates with the grate 16 while the second pipe 181 remains relatively fixed, the water-sealed structure at the gap between them ensures the sealing of the oxygen delivery channel during rotation, preventing oxygen leakage and backflow of high-temperature gas inside the furnace. By setting up the first pipe 185 and the second pipe 181 connected to the through hole 20 of the grate 16, oxygen is directly delivered from the bottom of the grate 16 to the interior of the raw material, solving the problem of insufficient oxygen supply in the lower part of the raw material layer; the water-sealed structure ensures the sealing and safety of the gas passage during rotation.

[0085] like Figure 17As shown, in this embodiment, the water-sealing structure includes an inner sleeve 186 and an outer sleeve 187. The inner sleeve 186 is located at the bottom of the first pipe body 185 and communicates with the first pipe body 185. The outer sleeve 187 is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the second pipe body 181 and is located outside the inner sleeve 186. A first sealing cavity 188 is formed between the inner sleeve 186 and the outer wall of the second pipe body 181, and a second sealing cavity 189 is formed between the outer sleeve 187 and the inner sleeve 186. A water supply pipe 183 communicating with the second sealing cavity 189 is also provided on the outer sleeve 187. One end of the water supply pipe 184 away from the outer sleeve 187 is connected to a water pump 182 located outside the combustion furnace 10. The inlet of the water pump 182 is connected to a water tank located outside the combustion furnace 10. It should be noted that the inner sleeve 186 is fixed to the bottom of the first pipe body 185 and communicates with it, rotating synchronously with the first pipe body 185, serving as the inner component of the sealing structure; the outer sleeve 187 is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the second pipe body 181, located outside the inner sleeve 186 and in a fixed position, forming a double sealing space with the inner sleeve 186; the first sealing cavity 188 between the inner sleeve 186 and the outer wall of the second pipe body 181, and the second sealing cavity 189 between the outer sleeve 187 and the inner sleeve 186, can be filled with water to form a double water seal, enhancing the sealing effect; the water supply pipe 183 connects the outer sleeve 187 and the water pump 182, used to transport water from the water tank to the second sealing cavity 189; the water tank stores the water source used for sealing. The overall working principle is as follows: Pump 182 starts, sending water from the tank through supply pipe 183 into the second sealing chamber 189. The water then flows into the first sealing chamber 188, filling both chambers with water. The fluidity and sealing properties of the water fill the gaps between the inner sleeve 186 and the outer sleeve 187, and between the inner sleeve 186 and the second pipe body 181, blocking gas leakage during relative rotation. By setting up a double sealing chamber formed by the inner sleeve 186 and the outer sleeve 187, and a water circulation system consisting of pump 182, supply pipe 183, and tank, reliable sealing is achieved during relative rotation of the pipes, enhancing the airtightness of the oxygen supply channel. Simultaneously, the water carries away heat from the pipes, preventing high-temperature damage to the sealing structure.

[0086] like Figure 17 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer sleeve 187 is also provided with a water outlet pipe 184 communicating with the second sealing cavity 189. The end of the water outlet pipe 184 away from the outer sleeve 187 is connected to the water tank. It should be noted that one end of the water outlet pipe 184 is connected to the second sealing cavity 189 on the outer sleeve 187, and the other end is connected to the water tank, forming a water circulation loop. Its function is to guide the water that has absorbed heat from the pipe body in the second sealing cavity 189 back to the water tank, realizing the recycling of water. At the same time, through continuous water circulation, the water temperature in the sealing cavity can be prevented from being too high, which would affect the sealing effect, and the water level in the sealing cavity can be kept stable, ensuring the continuous effectiveness of the water seal structure.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] like Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment is largely the same as the above embodiment, except that the first condenser purifier 31 includes a housing, and a partition plate 311 is fixedly embedded in the housing. The partition plate 311 divides the interior of the housing into an upper cavity 312 and a lower cavity 313. The upper cavity 312 is filled with condensate, and a plurality of filter tubes 314 are provided in the upper cavity 312. The top of the filter tubes 314 is connected to the main furnace 1, and the bottom of the filter tubes 314 is connected to the lower cavity 313. The lower cavity 313 is connected to the first connecting pipe 7. It should be noted that the shell of the first condenser purifier 31 is divided into an upper cavity 312 and a lower cavity 313 by a fixedly embedded partition plate 311. The upper cavity 312 is filled with condensate and is equipped with several filter tubes 314. Its working principle is as follows: the high-temperature gas generated by combustion enters the filter tubes 314 from the top of the main furnace 1. The filter tubes 314 pass through the upper cavity 312 filled with condensate. When the gas flows in the filter tubes 314, it is cooled by the condensate. The liquid tar in the filter tubes flows down the tube wall to the lower cavity 313. The gas that has been condensed and filtered also enters the lower cavity through the bottom of the filter tubes 314. The gas and liquid tar in the lower chamber 313 are then introduced into the first collecting furnace 5 through the first connecting pipe 7. The upper and lower chambers 313 are formed by setting a partition plate 311, which provides independent space for the condensation and filtration processes. The condensate in the upper chamber 312 can efficiently cool the gas, causing tar and other substances to condense and separate. The filter pipe 314 plays the role of guiding the flow of gas and intercepting some impurities. The lower chamber 313 collects the treated gas and liquid tar and transports them through the first connecting pipe 7. This structure realizes the preliminary purification of gas and the effective separation of tar, and improves the tar recovery rate.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] like Figures 14-16As shown, this embodiment is largely the same as the above embodiment, except that the bag filter 23 includes a sealing plate 231, which is fixed inside the second collecting furnace 6. Several air vents 232 are provided through the sealing plate 231, and the bottom of each air vent 232 is connected to a dust removal filter tube 236. A dust removal bag 233 is fitted on the outer wall of the dust removal filter tube 236. A pipe 238 is also provided at the top of the sealing plate 231, and a nozzle 239 is connected to the pipe 238. The nozzle 239 is located inside the dust removal filter tube 236. It should be noted that the sealing plate 231 of the bag filter 23 is fixed in the partition space inside the second collecting furnace 6. The vent 232 on the sealing plate 231 is connected to the bottom dust collection filter pipe 236. The outer wall of the dust collection filter pipe 236 is fitted with a dust collection bag 233 for filtering gas impurities. The pipe 238 at the top of the sealing plate 231 is connected to the nozzle 239 located inside the dust collection filter pipe 236 for reverse blowing to clean the dust collection bag 233. At the same time, the oil suction pipe 237 is fixed inside the dust collection filter pipe 236 and its bottom is connected to the external oil storage tank 234. The oil storage tank 234 is equipped with an oil delivery pipe 235 connected to the outside. Its working principle is as follows: the gas containing impurities and a small amount of tar mist enters the second collecting furnace 6 through the second connecting pipe 8, and then enters the dust collection bag 233 through the dust collection filter pipe 236. Small particulate impurities in the gas are intercepted by the dust collection bag 233, and the purified gas is discharged through the vent 232. During the dust removal process, some tar mist condenses on the inner walls of the dust collection bag 233 and the filter tube. The oil suction pipe 237 collects the condensed tar and transports it to the oil storage tank 234. The oil storage tank 234 discharges the collected tar for reuse through the oil delivery pipe 235. When it is necessary to clean the dust collection bag 233, the pipe 238 sprays gas into the filter tube through the nozzle 239, blowing off the impurities on the dust collection bag 233 in the reverse direction. By setting up the oil suction pipe 237 and the oil storage tank 234, the collection and recycling of residual tar in the gas is realized, improving resource utilization, reducing tar blockage of the dust collection bag 233, and extending the service life of the dust collection bag 233. At the same time, in conjunction with the reverse blowing cleaning function of the nozzle 239, the filtration efficiency and equipment stability are further improved. The collected tar is discharged through the oil delivery pipe 235, which facilitates centralized treatment and resource utilization, and reduces operating costs.

[0091] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0092] After being crushed by the crusher 3, the biomass raw materials are transported by the conveyor belt 4 to the inlet of the vertical screw conveyor (feeder 2). The feeder 2 vertically conveys the raw materials and sends them into the combustion furnace 10 through the bottom outlet. Before ignition, carbon powder and wood blocks are filled into the combustion furnace 10 through the maintenance port 14 at the waist of the main furnace 1, up to half the height of the maintenance port 14. After successful ignition, the maintenance port 14 is closed, and the raw materials are continuously conveyed.

[0093] A cavity 12 is formed between the main furnace 1 on the outside of the combustion furnace 10 and the combustion furnace 10. The external water pipe 13 fills the cavity 12 with water to form a closed water circulation system, which can recover combustion heat and improve energy utilization. During combustion, the oxygen supply fan 19 delivers oxygen to the second pipe body 181 through the oxygen supply pipe 18. The oxygen enters the first pipe body 185 through the second pipe body 181, and then enters the combustion furnace 10 through the hollow structure of the support base 17 and the through hole 20 of the grate 16 to provide oxygen for combustion. The water-sealed structure between the first pipe body 185 and the second pipe body 181 (the double-sealed cavity formed by the inner sleeve 186 and the outer sleeve 187, in which water is pumped into the water tank by the water pump 182 through the water supply pipe 183, and the water that has absorbed heat flows back to the water tank through the water outlet pipe 184 for circulation) ensures airtightness in the rotating state and avoids high temperature damage to the equipment.

[0094] When the raw material height inside the combustion furnace 10 approaches the pressing device 11, the first motor 118 starts, and its output shaft drives the first gear 116 to rotate. Through meshing with the first rack 115 on the annular guide rail 111, the annular guide rail 111 is driven to rotate within the annular groove 112, thereby driving the annular inner support 114, support rod 117, and pressing knife 119 to rotate. The inclined pressing knife 119 (with the bottom compaction surface 1191 inclined upwards away from the annular guide rail 111) exerts an inward and downward force on the raw material, both pushing the raw material to gather towards the center and compacting the raw material to avoid gaps, ensuring uniform combustion. At the same time, the second motor 321 drives the second gear 32 to rotate, and through meshing with the second rack 26 on the base 25, it drives the base 25, support seat 17, and grate 16 to rotate, stirring the raw material to ensure full contact with oxygen and improving gasification efficiency.

[0095] The ash produced during combustion is conveyed to the scraper 27 as the grate 16 rotates. The inclined scraper 27 cooperates with the rotating base 25 to scrape the ash outside the combustion furnace 10. It is then conveyed along the outer wall of the combustion furnace 10 to the ash discharge hopper 29 via the guide plate 28 and the baffle hopper 30 to prevent the ash from scattering.

[0096] The high-temperature gas generated by combustion enters the first condenser 31 in the main furnace 1: the gas enters from the top of the filter tube 314, is cooled when it passes through the upper cavity 312 filled with condensate, and some of the tar condenses into liquid and flows down the tube wall to the lower cavity 313. The gas that has been preliminarily filtered and condensed also enters the lower cavity 313. Subsequently, the liquid tar and gas in the lower cavity 313 enter the first collecting furnace 5 through the first connecting pipe 7.

[0097] The gas entering the first collecting furnace 5 is transported to the second condenser purifier 22 via the spiral pipe 238, where it is condensed and filtered again. After the remaining liquid tar is separated, part of the gas enters the second collecting furnace 6 through the second connecting pipe 8.

[0098] The gas entering the second collecting furnace 6 first passes through the bag filter 23: the gas passes through the dust collection bags 233 on the outer wall of the dust collection filter tube 236, and small particulate impurities are trapped by the dust collection bags 233. The purified gas is discharged through the vent 232 on the sealing plate 231. During the process, the residual tar mist condenses on the dust collection bags 233 and the inner wall of the filter tube, and is collected by the oil suction pipe 237 in the dust collection filter tube 236 and transported to the bottom oil storage tank 234. The tar in the oil storage tank 234 is discharged and recovered through the oil delivery pipe 235. When the dust collection bags 233 are blocked, the high-pressure blower supplies air to the nozzles 239 in the dust collection filter tube 236 through the pipe 238 to backflush and clean the dust collection bags 233. Finally, the purified gas is discharged from the outlet 9.

[0099] The circuits, electronic components, and modules involved are all existing technologies, which can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art, and need not be elaborated upon. The scope of protection of this invention does not involve any improvement to the software and methods.

[0100] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0101] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A biomass multi-stage gasification furnace, characterized in that, include: The main furnace (1) is equipped with a feeder (2) and a combustion furnace (10) is provided inside the main furnace (1). The feeder (2) is connected to the combustion furnace (10). The main furnace (1) is also equipped with a first condenser purifier (31) located above the combustion furnace (10). The first collecting furnace (5) is connected to the first condenser purifier (31) through the first connecting pipe (7). The first collecting furnace (5) is also equipped with a second condenser purifier (22), which is located above the connection between the first connecting pipe (7) and the first collecting furnace (5). The second collecting furnace (6) is located on one side of the first collecting furnace (5). The second collecting furnace (6) is connected to the second condenser purifier (22) through the second connecting pipe (8). The second collecting furnace (6) is equipped with a bag filter (23). The bag filter (23) is located above the connection between the second connecting pipe (8) and the second collecting furnace (6). The second collecting furnace (6) is equipped with an air outlet (9). The air outlet (9) is located above the bag filter (23). The first condenser purifier (31) includes a housing, in which a partition plate (311) is fixedly embedded. The partition plate (311) divides the interior of the housing into an upper cavity (312) and a lower cavity (313). The upper cavity (312) is filled with condensate, and a plurality of filter tubes (314) are provided in the upper cavity (312). The top of the filter tubes (314) is connected to the main furnace (1), and the bottom of the filter tubes (314) is connected to the lower cavity (313). The lower cavity (313) is connected to the first connecting pipe (7). The combustion furnace (10) is provided with a pressing device (11), which includes an annular groove (112) fixed inside the combustion furnace (10). An annular guide rail (111) is slidably embedded in the annular groove (112). An annular inner support (114) is provided inside the annular guide rail (111). A plurality of support rods (117) are provided between the annular guide rail (111) and the annular inner support (114). The plurality of support rods (117) are spaced apart circumferentially along the annular guide rail (111). A pressing knife (119) is provided at the bottom of one of the support rods (117). The pressing knife (119) is arranged radially along the annular guide rail (111). The device also includes a first driving assembly for driving the annular guide rail (111) to rotate. The top of the feeder (2) has a feed inlet located outside the main furnace (1), and the bottom of the feeder (2) has a discharge outlet located inside the combustion furnace (10). The annular inner support (114) is sleeved at the discharge outlet. The first drive assembly includes a first motor (118), which is fixed on the outside of the main furnace (1). The output shaft of the first motor (118) passes through the interior of the combustion furnace (10), and a first gear (116) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor (118). The annular guide rail (111) is provided with a first rack (115) that meshes with the first gear (116). The first rack (115) is arranged along the circumference of the annular guide rail (111). The pressing knife (119) is inclined and forms an angle with the plane where the annular guide rail (111) is located; the pressing knife (119) includes a compaction surface (1191) at its bottom, and the compaction surface (1191) is inclined upward in a direction away from the annular guide rail (111); the height of the support rod (117) gradually increases along the direction from the annular inner support (114) to the annular guide rail (111).

2. The biomass multi-stage gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main furnace (1) is supported and fixed by the first bracket (21). The bottom of the combustion furnace (10) extends out of the main furnace (1). A base frame (24) is provided below the combustion furnace (10). A base (25) is rotatably connected to the top of the base frame (24). The base (25) is arranged around the circumference of the combustion furnace (10). A support seat (17) is provided on the top of the base (25). The support seat (17) is located inside the combustion furnace (10). A grate (16) is provided on the top of the support seat (17). The base (25) is driven by the second drive assembly to drive the grate (16) to rotate. There is a gap between the support base (17) and the combustion furnace (10), and there is a gap between the combustion furnace (10) and the base (25). A baffle hopper (30) is arranged around the edge of the base (25). An ash discharge hopper (29) is rotatably connected to the top side of the baffle hopper (30). The ash discharge hopper (29) is fixed on the main furnace (1). A scraper (27) is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace (10). The scraper (27) is inclined towards the inside of the combustion furnace (10), and the bottom of the scraper (27) contacts the top of the base (25). A guide plate (28) is provided between the baffle hopper (30) and the outer wall of the combustion furnace (10). One end of the guide plate (28) contacts the base (25), and the other end surrounds the outer wall of the combustion furnace (10) and extends to the ash discharge hopper (29). The guide plate (28) is fixed on the combustion furnace (10).

3. A biomass multi-stage gasification furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second drive assembly includes a second motor (321), which is located on one side of the main furnace (1). A second gear (32) is provided on the output shaft of the second motor (321), and a second rack (26) is provided on the base (25) to mesh with the second gear (32). The second rack (26) is arranged along the circumference of the base (25).

4. A biomass multi-stage gasification furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support base (17) is a hollow structure. The support base (17) is provided with a first tube (185) that communicates with the through hole (20). The first tube (185) is vertically arranged. The first tube (185) is connected to a second tube (181). The second tube (181) is vertically arranged. An oxygen supply fan (19) is also provided on the outside of the combustion furnace (10). The oxygen supply fan (19) is connected to the second tube (181) through an oxygen supply pipe (18). A water seal structure is also provided at the gap between the first tube (185) and the second tube (181).

5. A biomass multi-stage gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bag filter (23) includes a sealing plate (231) which is fixed inside the second collecting furnace (6). Several air vents (232) are provided through the sealing plate (231). The bottom of each air vent (232) is connected to a dust removal filter tube (236). A dust removal bag (233) is fitted on the outer wall of the dust removal filter tube (236). The top of the sealing plate (231) is also provided with a pipe (238). The pipe (238) is connected to a high-pressure blower. A nozzle (239) is connected to the pipe (238). The nozzle (239) is located inside the dust removal filter tube (236).

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