A foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system and method, belonging to the field of fire experiment smoke treatment and purification technology. It includes: a smoke collection device, a spray purification device, an adsorption device, an exhaust device, a gas analysis sensor, and a purification system; the smoke collection device is connected to a first duct, the first duct is connected to a second duct, and a spray purification device is located at one end of the second duct; the spray purification device is connected to a third duct, and an adsorption device is located at the end of the third duct furthest from the spray purification device; an exhaust device is located at the end of the adsorption device furthest from the third duct; a gas analysis sensor is located in the first duct; the purification system adjusts purification parameters according to the analysis parameters of the gas analysis sensor; the purification system includes a control subsystem, a container subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, a feeding subsystem, and a pH detection subsystem. This invention can achieve efficient and convenient collection, analysis, and purification of smoke, achieving pollution-free emission standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire experiment smoke treatment and purification technology, specifically a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Fire experiments involve the combustion of materials such as forest fuels, wood, photovoltaic materials, and chemical products, generating large amounts of toxic or harmful fumes. These fumes are complex in composition, containing fine particulate matter, toxic gases, and combustion products, and are highly volatile. Conventional protective masks are insufficient to effectively block them, directly threatening the health of laboratory personnel and potentially causing environmental pollution. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the unique hazards of combustion and thermochemical experimental fumes, and the development of an efficient system for fume collection, analysis, and treatment, have become paramount in laboratory safety management.

[0003] Current methods for handling smoke in fire experiments often employ localized dust collection, but traditional smoke hoods are limited by their small area, fixed baffle height, and fixed experimental scale, making them unsuitable for flexible and varied experimental layouts and scales. Furthermore, their low ground clearance restricts the transportation of equipment and the construction of experimental platforms. Existing fire experiment smoke collection technologies suffer from large space occupation and poor flexibility. Traditional fixed smoke hoods, due to their permanent installation structure and four-corner support structure, have low space utilization, hindering the hoisting of large equipment and creating a rigid layout of the work area. Rail-mounted mobile smoke hoods, by incorporating a wheel system at the bottom of the hood frame, allow movement on pre-set steel rails. Notably, the top surface of the rails is designed to be flush with the ground to avoid creating ground obstacles. However, this type of structure still occupies a significant amount of floor space when not in operation.

[0004] Currently, commonly used flue gas purification technologies in fire experiments (such as electrostatic adsorption and activated carbon filtration) have many shortcomings: insufficient efficiency in treating oil mist and fine particulate matter; high degree of flue gas corrosion; and high maintenance frequency and daily consumable replacement costs. To address these issues, this invention patent proposes a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system and method to solve the above problems and optimize the collection, analysis, and purification of flue gas in fire experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to design a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system and method, which can achieve efficient and convenient collection, analysis and targeted purification of flue gas to achieve pollution-free emission standards.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system, comprising: a smoke collection device, a spray purification device, an adsorption device, an exhaust device, a gas analysis and sensing device, and a purification system. The top of the smoke collection device is fixedly connected to a first conduit, the bottom of the first conduit is fixedly connected to a second conduit, and a spray purification device is provided at one end of the second conduit. The spray purification device is used to adsorb and purify soluble pollutants and particulate matter. The top of the spray purification device is fixedly connected to a third conduit. An adsorption device is provided at the end of the third conduit away from the spray purification device. The adsorption device is used to adsorb and purify harmful gases. An exhaust device is provided at the end of the adsorption device away from the third conduit. The exhaust device is used to provide the smoke collection device with the ability to draw in the air and to discharge the smoke after it has been purified by the spray purification device and the adsorption device. The first conduit is equipped with a gas analysis sensor, which is used to analyze the composition, concentration and heat release parameters of the smoke collected by the smoke collection device, and then assess the fire hazard of the corresponding material or experimental condition. The purification system adjusts the purification parameters based on the analysis parameters of the gas analysis sensor. The purification system includes a control subsystem, a container subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, a feeding subsystem, and a pH detection subsystem; The control subsystem is electrically connected to the feeding subsystem and the water circulation subsystem, respectively; it is used to control the water circulation subsystem to circulate water in the water storage space when a purification requirement is detected; and to control the feeding subsystem to feed materials into the water storage space. The water circulation subsystem is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem so as to inject liquid into the water storage space and move the liquid in the water storage space to the water circulation subsystem, thereby realizing the water circulation of the liquid in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem is located adjacent to the water storage space to feed materials into the water storage space to adjust the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and improve the absorption effect of flue gas. The pH detection subsystem is used to detect the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and the liquid content in the water storage space.

[0007] Furthermore, the smoke collection device includes a smoke collection hood and multiple door panels. The multiple door panels are installed at the bottom of the smoke collection hood, and two adjacent door panels are hinged together. The edges of the door panels are embedded with high-temperature resistant magnetic sealing strips. Multiple slide rails are fixedly installed at the upper end of the smoke collection hood, and sliders adapted to the slide rails are fixedly installed at the upper end of the multiple door panels.

[0008] Furthermore, the spray purification device includes a water tank, an air inlet is provided on one side of the water tank, the air inlet is fixedly connected to the second conduit, multiple partitions are fixedly provided inside the water tank, and airflow channels are formed inside the water tank through the multiple partitions; multiple spray pipes are fixedly provided on the top of the water tank, and the multiple spray pipes are connected to an external tap water supply for spraying water onto the flue gas inside the water tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the exhaust device includes a fourth conduit, which is fixedly connected to the adsorption device. A centrifugal fan is provided at the end of the fourth conduit away from the adsorption device, and an exhaust chimney is provided on one side of the centrifugal fan. The exhaust chimney is used to discharge the purified flue gas.

[0010] Furthermore, the gas analysis sensing device includes a sampling unit, an analysis unit, and a control unit. The sampling unit and the analysis unit are disposed inside the first conduit. The sampling unit is used for acquiring internal temperature, differential pressure, optical path signals, and internal sample gas of the flue. The analysis unit uses a sampling probe built into the flue and transmits the data to the control unit. The control unit is used to process the data and calculate the heat release data and the composition of the generated gas products to determine the combustion characteristics.

[0011] Furthermore, the water circulation subsystem includes a water pump, a connecting pipe, a water box, and a housing; the water box is connected to the water pump via a circulating water pipe, and the water pump is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem; the storage box in the feeding subsystem is arranged adjacent to the housing; an air duct is provided on the upper part of the water box; both the water box and the storage box are located inside the housing.

[0012] A foldable smoke collection hood and its multi-stage spray purification method include the following steps: S1: Start the centrifugal fan to allow the fume collection device to absorb the laboratory fumes. The fumes are drawn into the first duct through the fume collection device and then into the second duct through the first duct. S2: The flue gas is drawn into the spray purification device through the second duct. After entering the water tank from the air inlet, the flue gas passes through the bottom water pool and is then discharged according to the airflow channel. The bottom water pool and the top spray water purify the flue gas multiple times. The water flow sprayed from multiple spray pipes flows from top to bottom and comes into countercurrent contact with the flue gas flowing from bottom to top, thus achieving the treatment of soluble pollutants and particulate matter in the flue gas. The purified flue gas is then drawn into the third duct. S3: The flue gas is drawn into the adsorption device through the third duct. The adsorption device absorbs the harmful gases emitted from the laboratory in the flue gas. The purified flue gas is discharged through the exhaust chimney. S4: The gas analysis sensor analyzes the composition, concentration and heat release parameters of the smoke collected by the smoke collection device, and then assesses the fire hazard of the corresponding material or experimental condition. The purification system adjusts the purification parameters based on the analysis parameters from the gas analysis sensor.

[0013] Furthermore, the purification system includes a control subsystem, a container subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, a feeding subsystem, and a pH detection subsystem; The control subsystem is electrically connected to the feeding subsystem and the water circulation subsystem, respectively; it is used to control the water circulation subsystem to circulate water in the water storage space when a purification requirement is detected; and to control the feeding subsystem to feed materials into the water storage space. The water circulation subsystem is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem so as to inject liquid into the water storage space and move the liquid in the water storage space to the water circulation subsystem, thereby realizing the water circulation of the liquid in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem is located adjacent to the water storage space to feed materials into the water storage space to adjust the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and improve the absorption effect of flue gas. The pH detection subsystem is used to detect the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and the liquid content in the water storage space.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: When a purification requirement is detected, the water circulation subsystem is controlled to circulate water in the water storage space. In addition, the feeding subsystem is controlled to feed materials into the water storage space.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes: Determine the initial feed rate and the initial circulating water rate; The water circulation subsystem controls the water circulation in the storage space, including: Based on the first circulating water rate, the water circulation subsystem is controlled to circulate water in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem controls the feeding of materials into the water storage space, including: Based on the initial feeding amount, the feeding subsystem is controlled to feed materials into the water storage space.

[0016] Further, determining the first feed rate and the first circulating water rate includes: Determine the first liquid parameter information of the liquid in the water storage space; based on the first liquid parameter information, determine the first feed amount and the first circulating water rate.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes: Record the second circulating water rate of the water circulation subsystem and the second feeding amount of the feeding subsystem; After purification is completed, the pH detection subsystem controls the pH of the water storage space to obtain the first wastewater parameter information; A user database is constructed based on the second feed amount, the first liquid parameter information, the first wastewater parameter information, and the flue gas analysis information from the gas analysis sensor; the database is used to control the second feed amount of the feed quantum system.

[0018] Furthermore, the first liquid parameter information of the liquid in the water storage space is determined, including: Determine the initial pH value of the purification system and the liquid content in the storage space; The first liquid parameter information is determined based on the detection results obtained from the initial pH value and the liquid content in the water storage space.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes: The pH detection subsystem is controlled to detect the water storage space and obtain detection information; Based on the test information, determine whether the water storage space needs to be filled with materials; If the pH value in the water storage space is determined to be less than 7, it is determined that there is a need for feeding. If the pH value in the water storage space is greater than 7, it is determined that there is no need for feeding.

[0020] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the multifunctional fire experimental smoke collection, analysis and purification method described above.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention, by setting up a smoke collection device, allows adjacent door panels to be folded up by flipping the lower door panel upwards. By pushing the two door panels upwards, the door panels drive the sliders to slide upwards along the slide rail, thereby increasing the height of the folded door panel from the ground. This is suitable for narrow spaces and experimental conditions with different air volumes in scientific research. At the same time, the folded door panels can achieve different heights from the ground, enabling the collection, analysis, and purification of smoke with different flow rates under various fire experimental conditions.

[0022] 2. This invention, by setting up a spray purification device, allows flue gas to enter the water tank through the air inlet, pass through the bottom water pool, and then be discharged according to the airflow channel. The bottom water pool and the top spray water purify the flue gas multiple times. The water flow sprayed from multiple spray pipes flows from top to bottom, making countercurrent contact with the flue gas flowing from bottom to top. This achieves the purification treatment of soluble pollutants and particulate matter in the fire flue gas, and makes the sprayed water flow distribution more uniform, thereby increasing the contact area between water and flue gas and improving the absorption and treatment capacity of the spray purification device for flue gas.

[0023] 3. This invention innovatively integrates a gas analysis sensor, which can not only analyze the combustion heat release rate and the chemical composition of combustion products in real time, accurately determine the fuel combustion state and the hazard of its combustion products, but also achieve automatic monitoring of heat release data. This system design significantly reduces the burden of manual operation, effectively improving experimental efficiency and overall safety.

[0024] 4. This invention can effectively regulate the pH value of circulating water through automated control. The pH detection subsystem detects the pH of the liquid and the water content in the tank, calculates the amount of feed required to adjust the pH, and then adjusts the pH of the circulating water to cope with different waste gas experimental conditions in scientific research experiments, and neutralizes the wastewater to achieve pollution-free discharge.

[0025] 5. The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which an operating program is stored. When the operating program is executed by a processor to implement the purification method described above, it can synchronously record the different changes of each output signal under different experimental conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the smoke collection device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the smoke collection device of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the smoke collection device of the present invention viewed from below; Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray purification device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the purification system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a front view of the purification system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the calorimetric device of the present invention; Figure 12 This is the process flow of the purification method of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 13 This is the process flow of the purification method of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 14 This is the process flow of the purification method of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 15 This is a control diagram of the purification system of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a flowchart of the purification system of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the computer-readable storage medium of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Smoke collection device; 11. Smoke hood; 12. Door panel; 13. High-temperature resistant magnetic sealing strip; 14. Slide rail; 15. Slider; 2. First conduit; 3. Second conduit; 4. Spray purification device; 41. Water tank; 42. Air inlet; 43. Partition; 44. Spray pipe; 45. Water pump; 46. Circulating water pipe; 47. Water box; 48. Storage box; 49. Box body; 5. Third conduit; 6. Adsorption device; 61. Adsorption box; 62. Activated carbon adsorption block; 7. Exhaust device; 71. Fourth conduit; 72. Centrifugal fan; 73. Exhaust chimney; 8. Gas analysis sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0030] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0031] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linking," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] Considering that current fire experiment smoke treatment often employs localized dust collection or fume hood collection, traditional smoke collection devices such as smoke hoods and fume hoods suffer from several drawbacks. These include a small effective coverage area, easy escape of diffused and transient large-volume smoke, limited personnel operation, inflexible experimental scale and layout, and inconvenient transportation or replacement of equipment. Furthermore, mainstream smoke purification technologies such as electrostatic adsorption and physical filtration suffer from insufficient purification efficiency, rapid efficiency decay, frequent consumable replacement, high maintenance workload and cost, and some processes involve secondary pollution or complex cleaning. These problems not only limit experiments involving large amounts of smoke, such as large-scale fire experiments, but also result in high daily operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, this invention provides a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system and method, which can achieve efficient and convenient collection, analysis, and targeted purification of smoke, achieving pollution-free emission standards.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a foldable smoke hood and its multi-stage spray purification system, including: a smoke collection device 1, a spray purification device 4, an adsorption device 6, an exhaust device 7, a gas analysis sensor 8, and a purification system. The smoke collection device 1 can be fixedly installed on the laboratory roof and is used to collect laboratory smoke. The top of the smoke collection device 1 is fixedly connected to a first conduit 2, and the bottom of the first conduit 2 is fixedly connected to a second conduit 3. One end of the second conduit 3 is provided with a spray purification device 4, which is used to adsorb and purify soluble pollutants and particulate matter. The top of the spray purification device 4 is fixedly connected to a third conduit 5. An adsorption device 6 is provided at the end of the third conduit 5 away from the spray purification device 4. The adsorption device 6 is used to adsorb and purify harmful gases. An exhaust device 7 is provided at the end of the adsorption device 6 away from the third conduit 5. The exhaust device 7 is used to provide the smoke collection device 1 with the ability to draw air and to discharge the smoke after it has been purified by the spray purification device 4 and the adsorption device 6. The first conduit 2 is equipped with a gas analysis sensor 8, which is used to analyze the composition, concentration and heat release parameters of the smoke collected by the smoke collection device 1, and then assess the fire hazard of the corresponding material or experimental condition. refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 The purification system adjusts the purification parameters based on the analysis parameters from the gas analysis sensor 8.

[0035] The purification system includes a control subsystem, a container subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, a feeding subsystem, and a pH detection subsystem; The control subsystem is electrically connected to the feeding subsystem and the water circulation subsystem, respectively; it is used to control the water circulation subsystem to circulate water in the water storage space when a purification requirement is detected; and to control the feeding subsystem to feed materials into the water storage space. The water circulation subsystem is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem so as to inject liquid into the water storage space and move the liquid in the water storage space to the water circulation subsystem, thereby realizing the water circulation of the liquid in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem is located adjacent to the water storage space to feed materials into the water storage space to adjust the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and improve the absorption effect of flue gas. The pH detection subsystem is used to detect the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and the liquid content in the water storage space.

[0036] refer to Figures 2 to 5 The smoke collection device 1 includes a smoke hood 11 and multiple door panels 12. The smoke hood 11 is fixed to the top of the experimental room, and the multiple door panels 12 are installed at the bottom of the smoke hood 11. Two adjacent door panels 12 are hinged together, and high-temperature resistant magnetic sealing strips 13 are embedded in the edges of the door panels 12. Multiple slide rails 14 are fixedly installed at the upper end of the smoke hood 11, and sliders 15 adapted to the slide rails 14 are fixedly installed at the upper ends of the multiple door panels 12. After the two lower adjacent door panels 12 are folded, pushing the two door panels 12 upward causes the door panels 12 to drive the sliders 15 to slide upward along the slide rails 14, thereby increasing the height of the edge baffles from the ground after folding. This adapts to the working conditions of narrow spaces and different airflow in scientific research experiments, flexibly meeting the smoke collection requirements of different fire experiment sizes. The edges of the door panels 12 are embedded with high-temperature resistant magnetic sealing strips 13. When the door panels 12 are closed, the sealing strips automatically attract and form an airtight barrier, effectively ensuring the airtight suction effect of the smoke collection device 1 during use.

[0037] refer to Figure 6The spray purification device 4 includes a water tank 41, with an air inlet 42 on one side of the water tank 41. The air inlet 42 is fixedly connected to a second conduit 3. Multiple partitions 43 are fixedly installed inside the water tank 41, forming an airflow channel. Multiple spray pipes 44 are fixedly installed on the top of the water tank 41, connected to an external tap water supply for spraying water onto the flue gas inside the water tank 41. After entering the water tank 41 through the air inlet 42, the flue gas passes through a bottom water tank and then exits according to the airflow channel. The bottom water tank and the top spray water purify the flue gas multiple times. The water flow from the multiple spray pipes 44 flows downwards, contacting the upward-flowing flue gas in a counter-current manner, thus effectively treating soluble pollutants and particulate matter in the flue gas. Compared to activated carbon, this equipment significantly reduces operating costs while providing better purification effects for soluble pollutants and particulate matter.

[0038] In some embodiments, the spray liquid sprayed from the multiple spray pipes 44 can be replaced to treat the toxic fumes from new energy battery fires or other chemical reactions, so that they meet emission standards. New energy battery fires produce flammable and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen fluoride. The fumes are passed into a water tank 41 storing calcium hydroxide solution, where the calcium hydroxide solution adsorbs the hydrogen fluoride to generate calcium fluoride precipitate, reducing corrosiveness and toxicity. Then, an alkaline solution is sprayed through the multiple spray pipes 44 to remove soluble gases such as carbon monoxide and soot particles. Furthermore, the shape of the spray pipe 44 can be one or more combinations of square, rectangular, or circular. Multiple spray pipes 44 are arranged at the same intervals, which makes the water flow distribution more uniform, thereby increasing the contact area between water and flue gas and effectively improving the absorption and treatment capacity of the spray purification device 4 for flue gas.

[0039] refer to Figure 9 The adsorption device 6 includes an adsorption box 61, which is fixedly connected to the third conduit 5. Activated carbon adsorption blocks 62 are installed inside the adsorption box 61. These activated carbon adsorption blocks 62 are designed with a porous honeycomb structure to increase the adsorption area and thus improve absorption efficiency. The activated carbon adsorption blocks 62 can effectively absorb harmful gases from flue gas, such as sulfides, nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) emitted from laboratories. Due to the large specific surface area and well-developed pore structure of the honeycomb activated carbon adsorption blocks 62, their adsorption capacity far exceeds that of ordinary activated carbon.

[0040] refer to Figure 10The exhaust device 7 includes a fourth conduit 71, which is fixedly connected to the adsorption device 6. A centrifugal fan 72 is installed at the end of the fourth conduit 71 away from the adsorption device 6, and an exhaust chimney 73 is installed on one side of the centrifugal fan 72. The exhaust chimney 73 is used to discharge the purified flue gas. After the centrifugal fan 72 is started, its suction action creates a negative pressure inside the first conduit 2, thereby providing the required suction capacity for the smoke collection device 1.

[0041] Furthermore, the number of centrifugal fans 72 can be one or more. For example, when there are two centrifugal fans 72, these two centrifugal fans 72 can be connected in parallel, with one serving as a backup, to avoid difficulties in treating flue gas when the exhaust device 7 fails, thereby effectively ensuring the normal operation of the flue gas treatment system.

[0042] refer to Figure 11 The gas analysis sensor 8 includes a sampling unit, an analysis unit, and a control unit. The sampling and analysis units are located within the first conduit 2. The sampling unit is used for acquiring internal temperature, differential pressure, optical signals, and internal sample gas from the flue. The analysis unit uses a built-in sampling probe in the flue and transmits the data to the control unit. The control unit processes the data and calculates heat release data and the composition of generated gaseous products to determine combustion characteristics. The gas analysis sensor 8 is used for heat release and flue gas analysis of the smoke collection device 1 to assess its corresponding fire hazard. According to testing requirements, electric ball valves need to be installed on other branches of the exhaust pipe to ensure the stability and accuracy of the calorimetric system measurements. The actual effective airflow in the test section of the flue must reach at least 22,000 m³ / h to meet the requirement of stable combustion at 2 mW.

[0043] Specifically, the test section should be arranged according to the "8 in front, 4 behind" principle, and flow stabilizing devices should be installed before and after the test section to ensure the uniformity and stability of the wind speed. For ease of installation and subsequent maintenance and inspection, a maintenance platform should be built below the test section. This platform can be an extension of the existing room or built separately. The control unit uses an electrical control box based on a self-designed standard electrical control cabinet. Its front end is equipped with a 19-inch touchscreen integrated industrial computer with built-in device control software and a wireless mouse and keyboard for user-friendly operation. Function buttons are located at the bottom of the front of the electrical control cabinet for power supply and function control. Electrical control components are installed inside the cabinet. The system uses a Siemens PLC and analog modules to acquire test data and control actions. This control system is stable and reliable, capable of analyzing flue gas heat release and composition to determine the combustion state of the fuel and assess its corresponding fire hazard. The system automatically monitors heat release data, effectively reducing the workload of staff and improving experimental efficiency and safety.

[0044] The present invention also includes a gas analyzer on one side of the smoke collection device 1, which is connected to the top of the smoke collection device 1 via a pipe. During the process of collecting flue gas by the smoke collection device 1, the gas analyzer performs real-time detection and analysis of the flue gas, thereby effectively understanding the composition, content, and proportion of gases in the flue gas.

[0045] In some embodiments, the control subsystem 2 may first detect whether there is a purification requirement. For example, the control subsystem 2 may detect whether there is water in the water storage space of the container subsystem 3. Alternatively, the control subsystem 2 may detect whether the user has performed a purification operation; however, this embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitations on this.

[0046] First, the operating status of the purification equipment can be obtained, including whether it is powered on, powered off, and at what speed. When the equipment is running, the pH detection subsystem can scan the purification box to determine if there is a purification need. If there is a purification need, the water circulation subsystem and the feeding subsystem can be activated.

[0047] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The water circulation subsystem includes a water pump 45, a connecting pipe 46, a water box 47, and a housing 49. The water box 47 is connected to the water pump 45 through the circulating water pipe 46, and the water pump is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem. The storage box 48 in the feeding subsystem is arranged adjacent to the housing 49. An air duct is provided on the upper part of the water box 47. Both the water box 47 and the storage box 48 are located inside the housing 49.

[0048] refer to Figures 12 to 14 This invention provides a foldable smoke collection hood and its multi-stage spray purification method, comprising the following steps: S1: Start the centrifugal fan 72 to make the smoke collection device 1 absorb the laboratory smoke. The smoke is drawn into the first duct 2 through the smoke collection device 1, and then into the second duct 3 through the first duct 2. S2: The flue gas is drawn into the spray purification device 4 through the second duct 3. After entering the water tank 41 from the air inlet 42, the flue gas passes through the bottom water pool and is then discharged according to the airflow channel. The bottom water pool and the top spray water purify the flue gas multiple times. The water flow sprayed from multiple spray pipes 44 flows from top to bottom and comes into countercurrent contact with the flue gas flowing from bottom to top, thus achieving the treatment of soluble pollutants and particulate matter in the flue gas. The purified flue gas is drawn into the third duct 5. S3: The flue gas is drawn into the adsorption device 6 through the third duct 5. The adsorption device 6 absorbs harmful gases in the flue gas, such as sulfides, nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and other harmful gases emitted from the laboratory. The purified flue gas is discharged through the exhaust chimney 73. The purification system adjusts the purification parameters based on the analysis parameters from the gas analysis sensor 8.

[0049] The purification system includes a control subsystem, a container subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, a feeding subsystem, and a pH detection subsystem; The control subsystem is electrically connected to the feeding subsystem and the water circulation subsystem, respectively; it is used to control the water circulation subsystem to circulate water in the water storage space when a purification requirement is detected; and to control the feeding subsystem to feed materials into the water storage space. The water circulation subsystem is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem so as to inject liquid into the water storage space and move the liquid in the water storage space to the water circulation subsystem, thereby realizing the water circulation of the liquid in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem is located adjacent to the water storage space to feed materials into the water storage space to adjust the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and improve the absorption effect of flue gas. The pH detection subsystem is used to detect the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and the liquid content in the water storage space.

[0050] The present invention also includes: When a purification requirement is detected, the water circulation subsystem is controlled to circulate water in the water storage space. In addition, the feeding subsystem is controlled to feed materials into the water storage space.

[0051] The present invention also includes: Determine the initial feed rate and the initial circulating water rate; The water circulation subsystem controls the water circulation in the storage space, including: Based on the first circulating water rate, the water circulation subsystem is controlled to circulate water in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem controls the feeding of materials into the water storage space, including: Based on the initial feeding amount, the feeding subsystem is controlled to feed materials into the water storage space.

[0052] In some feasible embodiments, the presence of a purification requirement can be detected first. For example, the operating status of the centrifugal fan can be detected; or, for example, whether the user has performed a purification operation can be detected. This embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0053] For example, it can detect whether there is a need for purification in real time, or it can detect whether there is a need for purification at preset time intervals.

[0054] If no purification requirement is detected, the system can continue to monitor for the presence of a purification requirement. Conversely, if a purification requirement is detected, the water circulation subsystem and the feeding subsystem can be controlled.

[0055] Further optimize the technical solution and determine the first feed rate and the first circulating water rate, including: Determine the first liquid parameter information (water volume and pH) of the liquid in the water storage space; based on the first liquid parameter information, determine the first feed amount and the first circulating water rate.

[0056] After determining the first circulating water rate, the water circulation subsystem can be controlled based on the first circulating water rate so as to control the water circulation speed of the water storage space at the first circulating water rate.

[0057] After determining the initial feed rate, the feeding subsystem can be controlled based on this initial feed rate to feed the water storage space. Through this embodiment of the invention, the flue gas purification effect can be further improved by relying on the circulating water system and adjusting the pH through feeding.

[0058] The present invention also includes: Record the second circulating water rate of the water circulation subsystem and the second feeding amount of the feeding subsystem; After purification is completed, the pH detection subsystem controls the pH of the water storage space to obtain the first wastewater parameter information; A user database is constructed based on the second feed amount, the first liquid parameter information, the first wastewater parameter information, and the flue gas analysis information from the gas analysis sensor 8; the database is used to control the second feed amount of the feed quantum system.

[0059] Further optimize the technical solution and determine the first liquid parameter information of the liquid in the water storage space, including: Determine the initial pH value of the purification system and the liquid content in the storage space; The first liquid parameter information is determined based on the detection results obtained from the initial pH value and the liquid content in the water storage space.

[0060] The present invention also includes: The pH detection subsystem is controlled to detect the water storage space and obtain detection information; Based on the test information, determine whether the water storage space needs to be filled with materials; If the pH value in the water storage space is determined to be less than 7, it is determined that there is a need for feeding. If the pH value in the water storage space is greater than 7, it is determined that there is no need for feeding.

[0061] A forest fire combustion experiment was conducted under the smoke hood, using pine wood as the primary fuel. The centrifugal fan was activated, and the control system collected signals, simultaneously activating the water circulation system in the water tank and collecting primary liquid parameter information, including: a pH detection subsystem detecting the pH value and water content of the water in the tank. The obtained primary liquid parameter information was then used to determine the circulation water rate and the amount of feed needed to adjust the pH value. Feed was then added to the water tank. Alternatively, wastewater information could be detected after purification, feed added accordingly, and wastewater discharged after neutralization.

[0062] The method of this invention can be used to address the flue gas purification needs in various types of scientific research experiments, such as photovoltaic fires, forest fires, and violent chemical reactions, to achieve efficient and convenient collection, analysis, and targeted purification of flue gas, thereby achieving pollution-free emission standards.

[0063] refer to Figure 17 The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the multifunctional fire experimental smoke collection, analysis and purification method described in any of the above claims.

[0064] Computer-readable storage media can consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM, storage section, communication section, drivers, and I / O interfaces. The CPU, ROM, and RAM communicate with each other; the CPU, ROM, and RAM are connected to the I / O interfaces via communication connections; the I / O interfaces are connected to the storage section, communication section, and drivers respectively. The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is responsible for executing instructions and processing data; it is the core computing unit of the system.

[0065] ROM, read-only memory, stores firmware or fixed programs (such as BIOS), and the data is not lost after power failure.

[0066] RAM, Random Access Memory, temporarily stores running programs and data; the data is lost when power is off.

[0067] I / O interface, or input / output interface, connects to external devices (such as keyboards and monitors) to enable data interaction.

[0068] The storage component refers to non-volatile storage devices (such as hard drives and SSDs) used for long-term data storage.

[0069] A drive refers to a storage drive (such as an optical drive or hard drive).

[0070] This invention incorporates a smoke collection device. By folding the lower door panel upwards, adjacent door panels can be folded. Pushing the two door panels upwards causes them to slide along a rail, increasing the height of the folded door panel from the ground. This addresses the challenges of confined spaces and varying airflow conditions in scientific experiments. The folding door panels also allow for different ground-level heights, enabling the collection, analysis, and purification of smoke at varying flow rates under diverse fire conditions. Furthermore, this invention utilizes a spray purification device. Smoke enters the water tank through the inlet, passes through the bottom water pool, and then exits via an airflow channel. The bottom water pool and top spray water provide multiple purification cycles to the smoke. Water jets from multiple spray pipes flow downwards, counter-currently contacting the upward-flowing smoke. This achieves purification of soluble pollutants and particulate matter in the smoke, and the more uniform water distribution increases the contact area between water and smoke, enhancing the spray purification device's smoke absorption capacity. This invention innovatively integrates a gas analysis sensor, enabling real-time analysis of the combustion heat release rate and the chemical composition of combustion products, accurately determining the fuel combustion state and the hazardousness of its combustion products, and achieving automatic monitoring of heat release data. This system design significantly reduces the burden of manual operation, effectively improving experimental efficiency and overall safety. Through automated control, this invention can effectively regulate the pH value of circulating water. A pH detection subsystem detects the liquid pH and the water content in the tank, calculates the required feed amount for pH adjustment, and then adjusts the pH of the circulating water to cope with different waste gas experimental conditions in scientific research, while simultaneously neutralizing wastewater to achieve pollution-free emissions. This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing an executable program. When the program is executed by a processor to implement the above purification method, it can simultaneously record the different changes in output signals under different experimental conditions.

[0071] This invention is suitable for scientific research laboratories and similar facilities. Its application can be expanded to various production units, including fire testing, chemical processing, and machinery manufacturing, through adjustments to size and module configuration. Furthermore, this invention includes the collection and purification of chemical gases, and is applicable to various types of gaseous and fine particulate matter fumes generated during experiments or production processes, such as fine oil mist, carbon particles, metal particles, and aerosols.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage spray purification system based on a foldable smoke collection hood, characterized in that, include: Smoke collection device (1), spray purification device (4), adsorption device (6), exhaust device (7), gas analysis and sensing device (8), and purification system; The top of the smoke collection device (1) is fixedly connected to a first conduit (2), the bottom of the first conduit (2) is fixedly connected to a second conduit (3), and a spray purification device (4) is provided at one end of the second conduit (3). The spray purification device (4) is used to adsorb and purify soluble pollutants and particulate matter. The top of the spray purification device (4) is fixedly connected to a third conduit (5), and an adsorption device (6) is provided at the end of the third conduit (5) away from the spray purification device (4). The adsorption device (6) is used to adsorb and purify harmful gases. An exhaust device (7) is provided at the end of the adsorption device (6) away from the third conduit (5). The exhaust device (7) is used to provide the smoke collection device (1) with the ability to draw air and to discharge the smoke after it has been purified by the spray purification device (4) and the adsorption device (6). The first conduit (2) is equipped with a gas analysis sensor (8), which is used to analyze the composition, concentration and heat release parameters of the smoke collected by the smoke collection device (1), and then assess the fire hazard of the corresponding material or experimental condition. The purification system adjusts the purification parameters based on the analysis parameters of the gas analysis sensor (8); The purification system includes a control subsystem, a container subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, a feeding subsystem, and a pH detection subsystem; The control subsystem is electrically connected to the feeding subsystem and the water circulation subsystem, respectively; it is used to control the water circulation subsystem to circulate water in the water storage space when a purification requirement is detected; and to control the feeding subsystem to feed materials into the water storage space. The water circulation subsystem is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem so as to inject liquid into the water storage space and move the liquid in the water storage space to the water circulation subsystem, thereby realizing the water circulation of the liquid in the water storage space. The feeding subsystem is located adjacent to the water storage space to feed materials into the water storage space to adjust the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and improve the absorption effect of flue gas. The pH detection subsystem is used to detect the pH value of the liquid in the water storage space and the liquid content in the water storage space. The smoke collection device (1) includes a smoke collection hood (11) and multiple door panels (12). The multiple door panels (12) are installed at the bottom of the smoke collection hood (11). Two adjacent door panels (12) are hinged together. The edges of the door panels (12) are embedded with high-temperature resistant magnetic sealing strips (13). Multiple slide rails (14) are fixedly installed at the upper end of the smoke collection hood (11). Slider blocks (15) that are compatible with the slide rails (14) are fixedly installed at the upper end of the multiple door panels (12). The spray purification device (4) includes a water tank (41), an air inlet (42) is provided on one side of the water tank (41), the air inlet (42) is fixedly connected to the second conduit (3), a plurality of partitions (43) are fixedly provided inside the water tank (41), and an airflow channel is formed inside the water tank (41) through the plurality of partitions (43); a plurality of spray pipes (44) are fixedly provided on the top of the water tank (41), and the plurality of spray pipes (44) are connected to an external tap water supply for spraying water into the flue gas inside the water tank (41); The gas analysis sensing device (8) includes a sampling unit, an analysis unit, and a control unit. The sampling unit and the analysis unit are set inside the first conduit (2). The sampling unit is used to collect the internal temperature, differential pressure, optical path signal, and internal sample gas of the flue. The analysis unit uses a sampling probe built into the flue and transmits the data to the control unit. The control unit is used to process the data and calculate the heat release data and the composition of the generated gas products to determine the combustion characteristics. The water circulation subsystem includes a water pump (45), a connecting pipe (46), a water box (47), and a housing (49); the water box (47) is connected to the water pump (45) through the circulating water pipe (46), and the water pump is connected to the water storage space of the container subsystem; the storage box (48) in the feeding subsystem is arranged adjacent to the housing (49); an air duct is provided on the upper part of the water box (47); both the water box (47) and the storage box (48) are located inside the housing (49).

2. The multi-stage spray purification system based on a foldable smoke collection hood as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust device (7) includes a fourth conduit (71), which is fixedly connected to the adsorption device (6). A centrifugal fan (72) is provided at the end of the fourth conduit (71) away from the adsorption device (6). An exhaust chimney (73) is provided on one side of the centrifugal fan (72). The exhaust chimney (73) is used to discharge the purified flue gas.

3. The multi-stage spray purification treatment method of the system as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Start the centrifugal fan (72) to make the smoke collection device (1) absorb the laboratory smoke. The smoke is drawn into the first conduit (2) through the smoke collection device (1) and then into the second conduit (3) through the first conduit (2). S2: The flue gas is drawn into the spray purification device (4) through the second conduit (3). The flue gas enters the water tank (41) from the air inlet (42) and passes through the bottom water pool. Then it is discharged according to the air flow channel. The bottom water pool and the top spray water purify the flue gas multiple times. The water flow sprayed from multiple spray pipes (44) flows from top to bottom and comes into countercurrent contact with the flue gas flowing from bottom to top, thus realizing the treatment of soluble pollutants and particulate matter in the flue gas. The purified flue gas is drawn into the third conduit (5). S3: The flue gas is drawn into the adsorption device (6) through the third duct (5). The adsorption device (6) absorbs the harmful gases emitted from the laboratory in the flue gas. The purified flue gas is discharged through the exhaust chimney (73). S4: The gas analysis sensor (8) analyzes the composition, concentration and heat release parameters of the smoke collected by the smoke collection device (1), and then assesses the fire hazard of the corresponding material or experimental condition. The purification system adjusts the purification parameters based on the analysis parameters of the gas analysis sensor (8).

4. The multi-stage spray purification treatment method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes When a purification requirement is detected, the water circulation subsystem is controlled to circulate water in the water storage space. In addition, the feeding subsystem is controlled to feed materials into the water storage space.

5. The multi-stage spray purification treatment method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: Determine the initial feed rate and the initial circulating water rate; The water circulation control subsystem circulates water in the storage space, including: Based on the first circulating water rate, the water circulation subsystem is controlled to circulate water in the water storage space. The controlled feeding subsystem feeds materials into the water storage space, including: Based on the initial feeding amount, the feeding subsystem is controlled to feed materials into the water storage space.

6. The multi-stage spray purification treatment method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the initial feed rate and the initial circulating water rate includes: Determine the first liquid parameter information of the liquid in the water storage space; determine the first feed rate and the first circulating water rate based on the first liquid parameter information; Determine the first liquid parameter information of the liquid in the water storage space, including: Determine the initial pH value of the purification system and the liquid content in the storage space; The first liquid parameter information is determined based on the detection results obtained from the initial pH value and the liquid content in the water storage space.

7. The multi-stage spray purification treatment method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Record the second circulating water rate of the water circulation subsystem and the second feeding amount of the feeding subsystem; After purification is completed, the pH detection subsystem controls the pH of the water storage space to obtain the first wastewater parameter information; A user database is constructed based on the second feed amount, the first liquid parameter information, the first wastewater parameter information, and the flue gas analysis information from the gas analysis sensor (8). The second feed amount of the feeding quantum system is controlled using a user database.

8. The multi-stage spray purification treatment method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The pH detection subsystem is controlled to detect the water storage space and obtain detection information; Based on the test information, determine whether the water storage space needs to be filled with materials; If the pH value in the water storage space is determined to be less than 7, it is determined that there is a need for feeding. If the pH value in the water storage space is greater than 7, it is determined that there is no need for feeding.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the multi-stage spray purification treatment method as described in any one of claims 3 to 8.

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