Gimbal interface device for a laser cutting head and laser cutting apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and particularly discloses a universal interface device of a laser cutting head and a laser cutting equipment, which comprises an adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism comprises a containing cavity provided through a shell along an optical axis direction, and the two ends of the containing cavity are respectively provided with a laser entrance and a laser exit; the laser adjusting assembly comprises a sealing ring arranged in the containing cavity and a magnetic conducting framework arranged on the outer sidewall of the sealing ring, and the sealing ring is provided with a magnetorheological fluid piece through which a light beam passes; a three-legged piezoelectric platform is arranged in the containing cavity and connected with a reflecting mirror; a laser detection assembly is arranged in the containing cavity, the laser detection assembly is configured to obtain the offset amount of the light beam emitted from the three-legged piezoelectric platform, and the refractive index gradient field of the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid piece is changed according to the offset amount to adjust the deflection angle of the light beam; the device realizes self-adaptive adjustment of the laser angle and improves the angle adjustment precision of the laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and in particular to a universal interface device for a laser cutting head and a laser cutting device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of laser technology, laser cutting technology has been increasingly widely used in various fields, including automotive thermoforming and aerospace, enabling processes such as cutting, drilling, and trimming of sheet metal, pipes, covers, and three-dimensional parts with complex irregular curved surfaces.

[0003] In laser cutting systems, the installation of the laser cutting head is particularly critical, as its performance directly affects the stability of beam transmission and the final processing quality. Currently, laser cutting heads are generally installed and connected via universal joints, which enable multi-degree-of-freedom angle adjustment to adapt to different working conditions and the processing needs of complex curved surfaces.

[0004] However, the universal joints in related technologies rely on hinged bearings to transmit mechanical deflection angles for laser angle deflection. This reliance on physical transmission results in problems such as large transmission backlash and response lag, leading to limited angle adjustment accuracy and making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision laser angle fine-tuning. Especially in three-dimensional surface cutting and fine hole machining, angle deviations can easily cause focused spot drift, resulting in uneven kerf or contour errors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to provide a universal interface device for a laser cutting head and a laser cutting device to solve the technical problem in the related art that the universal interface of the laser cutting head cannot adaptively adjust and has low adjustment accuracy during the adjustment of the laser angle deflection process.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a universal interface device for a laser cutting head, including an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism comprising: The housing has a cavity extending through it along the optical axis, and the two ends of the cavity form a laser inlet and a laser outlet, respectively. The laser adjustment assembly includes a sealing ring disposed within the receiving cavity and a plurality of magnetically conductive skeletons surrounding the outer wall of the sealing ring. A magnetorheological fluid element for the beam to pass through is disposed within the sealing ring. A three-legged piezoelectric platform, disposed within the receiving cavity and connected to a reflector between the laser adjustment assembly and the three-legged piezoelectric platform; and A laser detection component is disposed within the receiving cavity. The laser detection component is configured to acquire the offset of the beam emitted from the tripod piezoelectric platform and, based on the offset, change the refractive index gradient field of the magnetorheological fluid within the magnetorheological fluid component to adjust the deflection angle of the beam.

[0007] In some embodiments, the magnetorheological fluid component includes quartz plates spaced apart in the inner cavity of the sealing ring, the sidewalls of the quartz plates being sealed to the inner sidewall of the sealing ring, and a magnetorheological fluid cavity being formed between the two quartz plates.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sealing ring is provided with a flow channel for the flow of magnetorheological fluid, and the sidewall of the flow channel is provided with a plurality of through holes communicating with the magnetorheological fluid cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments, a connector is provided between the sealing ring and the magnetic skeleton, and the bottom of the connector is provided with an insulating socket that is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the receiving cavity. In this embodiment, the outer surfaces of the connector are spaced apart along the optical axis of a plurality of magnetic skeletons, and an electromagnetic coil connected to the insulating socket is provided in each magnetic skeleton.

[0010] In some embodiments, the top surface edge of the tripod piezoelectric platform is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric displacement stages spaced apart. Each piezoelectric displacement stage is connected to the mirror at one end away from the tripod piezoelectric platform. The tripod piezoelectric platform is configured to determine the tilt angle correction of the mirror based on the residual error of the beam position, and adjust the position of the mirror by means of the piezoelectric displacement stages to change the deflection angle of the beam.

[0011] In some embodiments, the laser detection assembly includes a fixed ring connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity, a silicon photodetector disposed within the fixed ring, and a beam splitter. The silicon photodetector is located between the beam splitter and the tripod piezoelectric platform. The beam splitter is perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixed ring and is circumferentially fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring.

[0012] In some embodiments, four silicon photodetectors are equidistantly arranged on the inner sidewall of the fixing ring along the circumferential direction, with the detection ends of the four silicon photodetectors facing the beam splitter, and the four silicon photodetectors together constitute a four-quadrant detection structure for detecting the position of the laser beam.

[0013] In some embodiments, the device further includes a cooling mechanism, which includes a cooling sleeve fitted on the outer wall of the adjusting mechanism and a coolant circulation pipe disposed within the cooling sleeve. The coolant circulation pipe is arranged in a circular shape, and multiple coolant circulation pipes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the cooling sleeve. Adjacent coolant circulation pipes are connected by a connecting pipe.

[0014] In some embodiments, a first connecting flange coaxially arranged with the laser inlet is connected to the upper surface of the housing, and a second connecting flange coaxially arranged with the laser outlet is connected to the lower surface of the housing. Secondly, this application provides a laser cutting device, which includes a universal interface device for a laser cutting head as described in any of the first aspects above.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, one or more technical solutions provided in the above embodiments of this application have at least the following beneficial effects: The universal interface device provided in this application, after being installed in a laser cutting equipment and powered on, works by returning the reflector to its zero position (optical axis reference line), inputting a base current into the electromagnetic coil in the magnetic skeleton, and having the silicon photodetector record the center position of the beam in a non-deflection state. The laser beam enters from the laser inlet, passes through the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid component, is reflected by the reflector, and is transmitted downwards to the laser detection component, then through the laser outlet to the cutting head for laser cutting. When the movement of the external robot / gantry causes the universal interface position to shift, the laser detection component detects the actual beam position and calculates the shift. Based on the shift, it calculates the required refractive index gradient distribution, generates a spatial magnetic field by energizing the electromagnetic coil, and changes the microstructure of the magnetorheological fluid to form a refractive index gradient field, thereby changing the overall deflection angle of the beam. After the initial change, the laser detection component detects the beam position again and calculates the residual error. The piezoelectric controller equipped with the three-legged piezoelectric platform calculates the reflector tilt angle correction and adjusts the reflector angle according to the tilt angle correction, thereby achieving adaptive laser angle deflection adjustment with high accuracy and speed.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the universal interface device provided according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adjustment mechanism provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the laser adjustment assembly provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is another internal structure schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism provided according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of the universal interface device provided according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling jacket structure provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cooling jacket provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure label: 1000. Universal interface device; 100. Adjustment mechanism; 200. Cooling mechanism; 210. Cooling jacket; 220. Through cavity; 230. Inner cavity; 240. Coolant circulation pipe; 250. Connecting pipe; 260. Coolant inlet; 270. Coolant outlet; 10. Housing; 11. Receiving cavity; 111. Laser entrance port; 112. Laser exit port; 12. First connecting flange; 13. Second connecting flange; 20. Laser adjustment assembly; 21. Sealing ring; 211. Flow channel; 212. Through hole; 213. Fluid injection hole; 22. Magnetic guide frame; 221. Electromagnetic coil; 23. Magnetorheological fluid component; 231. First fused silica disc; 232. Second fused silica disc; 233. Magnetorheological fluid cavity; 24. Connector; 241. Connecting post; 25. Insulating socket; 30. Three-legged piezoelectric platform; 31. Piezoelectric displacement stage; 32. Fixed rod; 40. Reflector; 50. Laser detection assembly; 51. Fixing ring; 511. Connecting block; 52. Silicon photodetector; 53. Beam splitter; 531. Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. "Multiple" means at least two, that is, two or more; "multiple" means at least two, that is, two or more.

[0022] In this application, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist; for example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment provides a universal interface device for a laser cutting head. The universal interface device 1000 includes an adjustment mechanism 100, wherein the adjustment mechanism 100 includes a housing 10, a laser adjustment component 20, a three-legged piezoelectric platform 30, and a laser detection component 50. The housing 10 can be cylindrical in shape, and a receiving cavity 11 is provided through it along the optical axis (axial direction). For ease of understanding, Figure 1 The direction of the dotted line in the image is the direction of the optical axis. At the same time, the two openings at both ends of the cavity 11 form a laser inlet 111 and a laser outlet 112, respectively. The laser adjustment component 20, the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30, and the laser detection component 50 are arranged sequentially in the cavity 11 along the optical axis. When the laser enters from the laser inlet 111, it passes through the laser adjustment component 20, the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30, and the laser detection component 50 in sequence and exits from the laser outlet 112.

[0026] Furthermore, combining 2 to Figure 4The laser adjustment assembly 20 includes a sealing ring 21 disposed in the receiving cavity 11 and a plurality of magnetically conductive skeletons 22 surrounding the outer wall of the sealing ring 21. A magnetorheological fluid element 23 for the beam to pass through is disposed in the sealing ring 21. A three-legged piezoelectric platform 30 is disposed in the receiving cavity 11 and connected to a reflector 40 between the laser adjustment assembly 20 and the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30. A laser detection assembly 50 is disposed in the receiving cavity 11. The laser detection assembly 50 is configured to acquire the deflection of the beam emitted from the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30 and change the refractive index gradient field of the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid element 23 according to the deflection to adjust the deflection angle of the beam.

[0027] It should be noted that the laser adjustment component 20, the tripod piezoelectric platform 30, and the laser detection component 50 are arranged perpendicular to the optical axis. When the laser beam enters the receiving cavity 11 from the laser inlet 111, it first passes through the laser adjustment component 20. Since the magnetorheological fluid component 23 is transparent, the laser beam will pass through the magnetorheological fluid component 23 and enter the reflector 40 and the tripod piezoelectric platform 30. The magnetic skeleton 22 is set to generate a spatial magnetic field by passing electricity. By controlling the magnitude of the spatial magnetic field, the microstructure of the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid component 23 is changed to form a refractive index gradient field, thereby changing the overall deflection angle of the laser beam.

[0028] It should be understood that coils can be placed within the magnetic core 22. By precisely controlling the current in the coils within the magnetic core 22, an adjustable spatial magnetic field can be formed in the area enclosed by the magnetic core 22. In this magnetic field, the density and direction of magnetic field lines at different locations are different, resulting in different densities and regional orientations of magnetic particles. This creates a corresponding, continuously varying refractive index distribution within the fluid. When the laser beam passes through media with different refractive indices, its propagation path will be deflected (refracted). When the beam passes through an adjustable refractive index gradient field, different parts of its wavefront will propagate at different speeds (because they pass through different refractive indices), thus causing a continuous and controllable change in the propagation direction of the entire laser beam, achieving deflection.

[0029] It should also be noted that, regarding the setting of the tripod piezoelectric platform 30, the tripod piezoelectric platform 30 can automatically control the relative position of the reflector 40, that is, the relative angle between the reflector 40 and the optical axis direction. Specifically, since there is still a residual error in the position of the laser beam after the laser adjustment component 20 achieves the initial adjustment of the laser angle, the piezoelectric controller equipped with the tripod piezoelectric platform 30 calculates the tilt angle correction of the reflector 40 and then adjusts the reflector 40 to achieve adaptive angle deflection of the laser.

[0030] After the universal interface device 1000 provided in the above embodiment is installed on the laser cutting equipment and powered on, the reflector 40 is returned to the zero position (optical axis reference line), the electromagnetic coil 221 in the magnetic skeleton 22 is energized with basic current, the silicon photodetector 52 records the center position of the beam in the undeflected state, the laser beam enters from the laser inlet 111 and passes through the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid component 23, is reflected by the reflector 40 and transmitted downward to pass through the laser detection component 50, and then enters the cutting head through the laser outlet 112 to perform laser cutting.

[0031] When the movement of an external robot or gantry causes the universal interface to shift, the laser detection component 50 detects the actual beam position and calculates the offset. Based on the offset, it calculates the required refractive index gradient distribution and generates a spatial magnetic field by energizing the electromagnetic coil 221. The magnetic field changes the microstructure of the magnetorheological fluid to form a refractive index gradient field, thereby changing the overall deflection angle of the beam. After the initial change, the laser detection component 50 detects the beam position again and calculates the residual error. The piezoelectric controller equipped with the tripod piezoelectric platform 30 calculates the tilt angle correction of the reflector 40 and adjusts the angle of the reflector 40 according to the tilt angle correction, thereby realizing adaptive laser angle deflection adjustment with high accuracy and speed.

[0032] Please continue reading. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the upper surface of the housing 10 is connected to a first connecting flange 12 coaxially arranged with the laser inlet 111, and the lower surface of the housing 10 is connected to a second connecting flange 13 coaxially arranged with the laser outlet 112. The first connecting flange 12 and the second connecting flange 13 are annular, so that the center of the first connecting flange 12 and the second connecting flange 13 respectively forms a laser inlet hole and a laser outlet hole. At the same time, the first connecting flange 12 facilitates the connection of the universal interface device 1000 to the laser transmission fiber, QBH connector or upstream optical path module, while the second connecting flange 13 facilitates the connection to the final focusing lens module and the cutting head.

[0033] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4In some embodiments, the magnetorheological fluid component 23 includes quartz plates spaced apart within the inner cavity 230 of the sealing ring 21. The sidewalls of the quartz plates are sealed to the inner sidewall of the sealing ring 21, forming a magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 between the two quartz plates. It should be noted that the inner circumferential sidewall of the sealing ring 21 is provided with a groove (not marked in the figure). The quartz plates include a first fused quartz disc 231 and a second fused quartz disc 232. The top of the groove in the sealing ring 21 is fixedly connected to the first fused quartz disc 231, and the bottom of the groove in the sealing ring 21 is fixedly connected to the second fused quartz disc 232. That is, the circumferential sidewalls of the first fused quartz disc 231 and the second fused quartz disc 232 are sealed to the inner sidewall of the sealing ring 21, so that a magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 is formed between the first fused quartz disc 231 and the second fused quartz disc 232. The magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 can be filled with magnetorheological fluid, thereby realizing the adjustment of the laser beam angle deflection.

[0034] In one example, a flow channel 211 for the flow of magnetorheological fluid is provided inside the sealing ring 21. Several through holes 212 communicating with the magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 are provided on the side wall of the flow channel 211. The flow channel 211 can be opened along the circumference of the sealing ring 21, that is, the flow channel 211 can be set into a ring shape. At the same time, multiple through holes 212 can be opened on the side wall between the flow channel 211 and the magnetorheological fluid cavity 233. Multiple fluid injection holes 213 can be provided on the top of the sealing ring 21. The arrangement of the fluid injection holes 213 and the flow channel 211 facilitates the injection of external magnetorheological fluid into the magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 through the flow channel 211 and the through holes 212, thereby facilitating the replacement of the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0035] Please continue reading. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, a connector 24 is provided between the sealing ring 21 and the magnetic skeleton 22. The bottom of the connector 24 is provided with an insulating socket 25 that is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11. The outer surfaces of the connector 24 are spaced apart along the optical axis of multiple magnetic skeletons 22. An electromagnetic coil 221 connected to the insulating socket 25 is provided in each magnetic skeleton 22.

[0036] It should be noted that the connector 24 can be a ring-shaped aluminum alloy shell. The aluminum alloy shell facilitates heat conduction since the laser beam generates a lot of heat. On the other hand, it ensures the structural strength of the sealing ring 21. In order to fix the entire laser adjustment assembly 20 in the receiving cavity 11, a connecting post 241 can be provided on the top of the connector 24. The end of the connecting post 241 facing away from the connector 24 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the receiving cavity 11. Multiple connecting posts 241 can be provided, and multiple connecting posts 241 are spaced apart along the circumference of the connector 24.

[0037] It should also be noted that the outer wall of the sealing ring 21 is fitted and connected to the inner wall of the connector 24. Multiple magnetic skeletons 22 are equidistantly spaced along the optical axis on the outer wall of the connector 24, thereby generating a more uniform magnetic field in the sealing ring 21. The magnetic skeleton 22 can be tubular. In order to improve the strength of the spatial magnetic field generated by the magnetic skeleton 22, the electromagnetic coils 221 arranged in the magnetic skeleton 22 can be spiral. Furthermore, the insulating socket 25 can be annular and its outer peripheral sidewall is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the receiving cavity 11. The insulating socket 25 can be made of ceramic material. The pins of each electromagnetic coil 221 are connected to the ceramic insulating socket 25. Specifically, the pins of the electromagnetic coil 221 are brazed after being inserted into the ceramic insulating socket 25.

[0038] Please continue reading. Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, a plurality of piezoelectric displacement stages 31 are spaced apart on the top surface edge of the tripod piezoelectric platform 30. Each piezoelectric displacement stage 31 is connected to a reflector 40 at one end away from the tripod piezoelectric platform 30. The tripod piezoelectric platform 30 is configured to determine the tilt angle correction of the reflector 40 based on the residual error of the beam position, and adjust the position of the reflector 40 by means of the piezoelectric displacement stages 31 to change the deflection angle of the beam.

[0039] It should be explained that the piezoelectric displacement stage 31 can be made of ceramic material, and multiple piezoelectric displacement stages 31 can be arranged at equal intervals. For example, in this embodiment, three piezoelectric displacement stages 31 can be arranged. In order to obtain the displacement of each piezoelectric displacement stage 31, each piezoelectric ceramic displacement stage is equipped with a capacitive sensor. The capacitive sensor is used to detect the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic displacement stage. At the same time, a piezoelectric controller can be arranged on the surface of the tripod piezoelectric platform 30. The piezoelectric controller is used to calculate the tilt angle correction of the reflector 40, thereby adjusting the reflector 40 through the piezoelectric displacement stage 31. The capacitive sensor provides real-time feedback of the displacement, so that the device can perform laser adaptive angle deflection and the adjustment rate is fast.

[0040] It should also be explained that a certain distance is reserved between the side end face of the reflector 40 and the inner side wall of the receiving cavity 11, so as to avoid interference between the reflector 40 and the inner side wall of the receiving cavity 11 when adjusting the position or angle of the reflector 40. As for the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30, the side end face of the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the receiving cavity 11 through the fixing rod 32. At the same time, the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30 can be annular, that is, a hole is provided in the middle to facilitate the laser beam to pass through the three-legged piezoelectric platform 30.

[0041] Please continue reading. Figure 2 and Figure 4In some embodiments, the laser detection assembly 50 includes a fixing ring 51 disposed within the receiving cavity 11, a silicon photodetector 52 disposed within the fixing ring 51, and a beam splitter 53. The silicon photodetector 52 is located between the beam splitter 53 and the tripod piezoelectric platform 30. The beam splitter 53 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixing ring 51 and is circumferentially fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the fixing ring 51. Specifically, the inner sidewall of the fixing ring 51 is provided with a connecting block 511 for mounting the silicon photodetector 52. The circumferential edge of the beam splitter 53 is provided with a frame 531, thereby fixing the beam splitter 53 to the fixing ring 51 through the frame 531. The beam splitter 53 can be set perpendicular to the optical axis direction. Meanwhile, the detection end of the silicon photodetector 52 is set towards the beam splitter 53. Thus, through the cooperation of the silicon photodetector 52 and the beam splitter 53, the beam position is detected to facilitate the calculation of the residual error of laser beam adjustment.

[0042] Furthermore, four silicon photodetectors 52 are equidistantly arranged on the inner wall of the fixing ring 51 along the circumference. The detection ends of the four silicon photodetectors 52 face the beam splitter 53, and the four silicon photodetectors 52 together form a four-quadrant detection structure for detecting the position of the laser beam. It should be noted that a single silicon photodetector 52 can only detect whether there is a laser beam but cannot determine the specific position of the laser beam. However, the four silicon photodetectors 52 arranged in combination in this embodiment can calculate the precise center position of the laser beam by comparing the signal differences between the detectors, so as to accurately and quickly detect the minute offset and offset direction of the laser beam.

[0043] Please see Figures 5 to 7 This embodiment provides a universal interface device for a laser cutting head. Unlike the above embodiments, the universal interface device 1000 also includes a cooling mechanism 200. The cooling mechanism 200 includes a cooling sleeve 210 sleeved on the outer wall of the adjustment mechanism 100 and a coolant circulation pipe 240 disposed in the cooling sleeve 210. The coolant circulation pipe 240 is arranged in a ring shape, and multiple coolant circulation pipes 240 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the cooling sleeve 210. Adjacent coolant circulation pipes 240 are connected through a connecting pipe 250.

[0044] Specifically, a through cavity 220 is provided axially inside the cooling jacket 210. This through cavity 220 is used for the installation and fixation of the adjusting mechanism 100. Simultaneously, an inner cavity 230 is provided inside the cooling jacket 210. This inner cavity 230 is annular, and multiple coolant circulation pipes 240 are spaced apart along the axis within the inner cavity 230. Adjacent coolant circulation pipes 240 are connected by a connecting pipe 250, thereby ensuring that the entire sidewall of the cooling jacket 210 is covered with coolant circulation pipes 240, achieving a better cooling effect. Furthermore, in... A coolant inlet 260 is provided on the side of the uppermost coolant circulation pipe 240 inside the cooling jacket 210. One end of the coolant inlet 260 extends to the outside of the cooling jacket 210. A coolant outlet 270 is provided on the side of the lowermost coolant circulation pipe 240 inside the cooling jacket 210. One end of the coolant outlet 270 extends to the outside of the cooling jacket 210. The coolant inlet 260 is connected to the coolant storage tank, the coolant outlet 270 is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, and the outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the coolant storage tank.

[0045] It should be noted that laser irradiation will cause the temperature of the universal interface device 1000 to rise. Traditional universal interfaces do not have an active cooling function. The universal interface device 1000 provided in this embodiment injects coolant into the coolant inlet 260, so that the coolant enters the coolant circulation pipe 240 inside the cooling jacket 210 for circulation, and exchanges heat on the surface of the adjustment mechanism 100. At the same time, the coolant after heat exchange is discharged through the coolant outlet 270 and is circulated and cooled by the circulation pump. This allows the device to actively absorb the heat generated by laser irradiation and improve the stability of the device during long-term operation.

[0046] The working principle of the universal interface device 1000 in this embodiment includes: connecting the first connecting flange 12 to the laser transmission fiber, QBH connector or upstream optical path module, with the center of the flange as the laser entrance hole; and connecting the second connecting flange 13 to the final focusing lens module and cutting head, with the center of the flange as the laser exit hole. After the connection is completed, after powering on, the reflector 40 is returned to the zero position (optical axis reference line), the electromagnetic coil 221 is supplied with basic current, the silicon photodetector 52 records the beam center position in the undeflected state, the laser beam enters from the upper flange and then passes through the magnetorheological fluid cavity 233 between the first fused silica disc 231 and the second fused silica disc 232, then is reflected by the reflector 40 and transmitted downwards, and passes through the silicon photodetector 52, and enters the cutting head connected to the second connecting flange 13 to perform laser cutting.

[0047] When the movement of the external robot / gantry causes the position of the universal interface to shift, the silicon photodetector 52 detects the actual beam position at a sampling rate of 100kHz and calculates the offset. The controller calculates the required refractive index gradient distribution based on the offset and generates a spatial magnetic field by energizing the electromagnetic coil 221. The magnetic field changes the microstructure of the magnetorheological fluid to form a refractive index gradient field, thereby changing the overall deflection angle of the beam. After the initial change, the silicon photodetector 52 detects the beam position again and calculates the residual error. The piezoelectric controller equipped with the tripod piezoelectric platform 30 calculates the tilt angle correction of the reflector 40 and adjusts the reflector 40 through the piezoelectric displacement stage 31. The capacitive sensor provides real-time feedback of the displacement, enabling the device to perform laser adaptive angle deflection adjustment. During the operation of the device, coolant is injected into the coolant inlet 260 and circulates in the coolant circulation pipe 240 inside the cooling jacket 210 to exchange heat with the surface of the adjustment mechanism 100. The coolant after heat exchange is discharged through the coolant outlet 270 and circulated by the circulation pump for cooling, enabling the device to actively absorb the heat generated by laser irradiation.

[0048] In some embodiments, a laser cutting device is also provided, the laser cutting device including a universal interface device for a laser cutting head as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the invention.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0051] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The reference to "embodiment" herein means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily indicate the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A universal interface device for a laser cutting head, characterized in that, Includes an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism comprising: The housing has a cavity extending through it along the optical axis, and the two ends of the cavity form a laser inlet and a laser outlet, respectively. The laser adjustment assembly includes a sealing ring disposed within the receiving cavity and a plurality of magnetically conductive skeletons surrounding the outer wall of the sealing ring. A magnetorheological fluid element for the beam to pass through is disposed within the sealing ring. A three-legged piezoelectric platform, disposed within the receiving cavity and connected to a reflector between the laser adjustment assembly and the three-legged piezoelectric platform; and A laser detection component is disposed within the receiving cavity. The laser detection component is configured to acquire the deflection of the beam emitted from the tripod piezoelectric platform and to adjust the refractive index gradient field of the magnetorheological fluid within the magnetorheological fluid component according to the deflection to adjust the deflection angle of the beam. The magnetorheological fluid component includes quartz plates spaced apart in the inner cavity of the sealing ring. The sidewalls of the quartz plates are sealed to the inner sidewall of the sealing ring, and a magnetorheological fluid cavity is formed between the two quartz plates. The sealing ring is provided with a flow channel for the magnetorheological fluid to flow through, and the side wall of the flow channel is provided with several through holes communicating with the magnetorheological fluid cavity. A connector is provided between the sealing ring and the magnetic skeleton. An insulating socket is provided at the bottom of the connector and is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the receiving cavity. A plurality of magnetic skeletons are spaced apart along the optical axis on the outer surface of the connector. An electromagnetic coil connected to the insulating socket is provided in each magnetic skeleton. The laser detection assembly includes a fixed ring connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity, a silicon photodetector and a beam splitter disposed within the fixed ring, the silicon photodetector being located between the beam splitter and the tripod piezoelectric platform, and the beam splitter being perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixed ring and circumferentially fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring.

2. The universal interface device for the laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface edge of the tripod piezoelectric platform is provided with multiple piezoelectric displacement stages at intervals. The end of each piezoelectric displacement stage opposite to the tripod piezoelectric platform is connected to the reflector. The tripod piezoelectric platform is configured to determine the tilt angle correction of the reflector based on the residual error of the beam position, and adjust the position of the reflector by the piezoelectric displacement stages to change the deflection angle of the beam.

3. The universal interface device for the laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the fixed ring is provided with four silicon photodetectors at equal intervals along the circumference. The detection ends of the four silicon photodetectors face the beam splitter, and the four silicon photodetectors together form a four-quadrant detection structure for detecting the position of the laser beam.

4. The universal interface device for the laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The universal interface device also includes a cooling mechanism, which includes a cooling sleeve fitted on the outer wall of the adjustment mechanism and a coolant circulation pipe disposed inside the cooling sleeve. The coolant circulation pipe is arranged in a ring shape, and multiple coolant circulation pipes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the cooling sleeve. Adjacent coolant circulation pipes are connected by a connecting pipe.

5. The universal interface device for the laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the housing is connected to a first connecting flange that is coaxially arranged with the laser inlet, and the lower surface of the housing is connected to a second connecting flange that is coaxially arranged with the laser outlet.

6. A laser cutting device, characterized in that, The laser cutting equipment includes a universal interface device for the laser cutting head as described in any one of claims 1-5.

Images