An oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace

Abstract

This application provides an oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace, relating to the field of combustion technology for heating furnaces in iron and steel metallurgy. The process includes the following steps: S1, fuel and oxygen-enriched air preparation; S2, multi-stage mixing; S3, adaptive proportioning control; and S4, combustion and heating adjustment. This oxygen-enriched combustion process effectively solves the problems of insufficient mixing uniformity, narrow fuel compatibility range, and lagging control in existing processes by pre-treating the fuel and oxygen-enriched air, actively mixing in multiple stages, and implementing dual-parameter adaptive control. Multi-stage mixing relies on adjustable cyclones and electromagnetically driven permanent magnet plates for active flow disturbance, combined with local oxygen concentration monitoring and parameter correction, breaking the fixed limitations of passive mixing and achieving targeted mixing of fuels with different calorific values. Adaptive control dynamically calls upon the optimal parameter library to adjust key mixing indicators through real-time calorific value detection and mixing effect feedback, avoiding fuel waste and pollutant generation caused by uneven mixing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of combustion technology for heating furnaces in iron and steel metallurgy, and particularly to an oxygen-enriched combustion process for heating furnaces. Background Technology

[0002] In the modern steel industry production system, the heating furnace is the core equipment for heating billets. Its operating efficiency and energy consumption level are directly related to the enterprise's production costs and market competitiveness. The oxygen-enriched combustion process of existing steel plant heating furnaces has become an important means of energy conservation and consumption reduction in the industry due to its technical advantages such as increasing flame temperature and accelerating combustion rate.

[0003] Heating furnaces need to fully mix oxygen-enriched air with fuel to promote combustion efficiency. Currently, this is often achieved by setting up elastic plates inside the mixing chamber and using gas flow to drive the elastic plates to vibrate and promote the mixing of the two materials. However, this method is a passive mixing method, and its vibration frequency, amplitude and gas flow are relatively fixed and cannot be adapted to fuels with different calorific values. For example, low-calorific-value blast furnace gas requires strong disturbance, while high-calorific-value coke oven gas requires weak disturbance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Fuel and oxygen-enriched air preparation:

[0007] The steel plant's fuel gas is filtered, dehydrated, and pressure-stabilized to remove impurities and moisture, and then transported to the fuel buffer tank at a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. The oxygen produced by the oxygen generation system with a purity of ≥90% is depressurized to 0.4-0.6 MPa and mixed with air at an initial oxygen concentration of 23%-25% to form oxygen-enriched air, which is then transported to the oxygen-enriched channel of the burner.

[0008] S2, Multi-stage mixing:

[0009] Oxygen-enriched air is formed into a rotating airflow by an adjustable-angle cyclone separator, which entrains fuel ejected through an array of variable-diameter nozzles, completing the initial mixing. The initially mixed airflow enters the mixing tube, where permanent magnet blades are uniformly arranged. The frequency and amplitude of the permanent magnet blades are adjusted by controlling the pulse current through a PLC.

[0010] S3, Adaptive ratio control:

[0011] An online calorific value analyzer monitors the calorific value of the fuel, and a laser Raman spectrometer detects the concentration distribution of the mixed gas. The dual parameters of calorific value and mixing effect are fed back to the server. The PLC calls database parameters based on the detection data and dynamically adjusts the cyclone angle, nozzle diameter, electromagnetic turbulence parameters, and oxygen-fuel ratio.

[0012] S4. Combustion heating adjustment:

[0013] The uniformly mixed gas is discharged from the mixing chamber. After being sprayed out by the burner, the uniformly mixed gas flow is ignited by the ignition device to form a stable flame. Six to eight infrared thermometers are installed in the heating furnace to monitor the temperature of the preheating zone, heating zone and soaking zone respectively. The PLC fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity according to the temperature requirements of the billet heating stage to ensure uniform temperature in the furnace. The billet heating uniformity error is controlled within ±10℃.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the blade angle of the hydrocyclone is adjustable within the range of 0-30°; the diameter of the array-type variable aperture nozzle is 0.5-2mm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, when using low-calorific-value fuels, the PLC controls the pulse current to drive the permanent magnet sheet to vibrate at high frequency and large amplitude to enhance turbulence, with a frequency of 80-100Hz and an amplitude of 3-5mm; when using high-calorific-value fuels, the permanent magnet sheet vibrates at low frequency and small amplitude to avoid local high temperatures, with a frequency of 10-20Hz and an amplitude of 0.5-2mm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific principle of the permanent magnet sheet vibration control is as follows:

[0017] When the PLC controls the pulse current to pass through the electromagnetic coil wound around the permanent magnet, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the alternating magnetic field and the permanent magnet generate periodic repulsion or attraction, driving the permanent magnet to vibrate. The amplitude and frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the pulse current; high current amplitude and frequency correspond to large amplitude and high frequency vibration; conversely, low amplitude and low frequency vibration is output.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, sensors for monitoring the oxygen concentration of the mixed airflow are equidistantly arranged inside the mixing tube. For areas where the oxygen concentration deviation is >2%, the frequency and amplitude of the permanent magnet in the area are adjusted to adapt to the desired result.

[0019] Furthermore, the specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows:

[0020] According to the correspondence between the oxygen concentration deviation value and the standard correction table, the correction coefficient increases by 0.2 for every 1% increase in oxygen concentration deviation. The frequency adjustment formula is Δf=f0×k×β, where Δf is the frequency adjustment amount, f0 is the initial frequency of the turbulence unit, k is the correction coefficient, and β is the frequency adjustment weight, with a value range of 0.5-1.5.

[0021] The amplitude adjustment formula is ΔA=A0×k×γ, where ΔA is the amplitude adjustment amount, A0 is the initial amplitude, k is the correction coefficient, and γ is the amplitude adjustment weight, with a value range of 0.3-0.8.

[0022] After the calculation is completed, the system automatically increases the frequency and amplitude of the corresponding area turbulence unit to the calculated value, and continuously monitors the oxygen concentration change, dynamically optimizing and adjusting the parameters.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, the server stores the optimal mixing parameters for each fuel, including but not limited to cyclone angle, nozzle diameter, electromagnetic turbulence parameters, and oxygen-fuel ratio; the optimal mixing parameters for each fuel can be obtained through repeated experiments.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S4, the fine-tuning range of the mixing parameters and combustion intensity is calculated through the following steps:

[0025] The measured temperatures of each thermometer are compared with the target temperatures of the corresponding heating stages of the steel billet to obtain the temperature deviation values. ,Right now Based on the magnitude of the temperature deviation, a proportional adjustment formula is used. Calculate the adjustment amount for mixing parameters and combustion intensity. ,in This is a proportionality coefficient, which is determined through historical data and on-site debugging optimization to balance adjustment speed and stability.

[0026] Furthermore, considering the lag in the billet heating process, the PLC will also incorporate integral and derivative adjustments based on temperature change trends and heating time, using a PID control algorithm to dynamically correct the fine-tuning amplitude, as detailed below:

[0027]

[0028] in The temperature deviation at the current moment. The integral time constant is... The differential time constant is For the system in The control output value at any given time is the result obtained through calculations by the PID controller and is used to adjust the controlled object. Error signal From time 0 to The integral at any given moment accumulates the errors over a past period. Error signal Regarding time The derivative of represents the rate of change of the error;

[0029] Through the above calculation method, the PLC fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity to ensure uniform temperature inside the furnace and control the billet heating uniformity error within ±10℃.

[0030] This invention provides an oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This oxygen-enriched combustion process in the heating furnace effectively solves the problems of insufficient mixing uniformity, narrow fuel compatibility range, and lagging control in existing processes through pretreatment of fuel and oxygen-enriched air, active multi-stage mixing, and dual-parameter adaptive control. The fuel pretreatment removes impurities and moisture, providing a stable foundation for subsequent mixing. Multi-stage mixing relies on adjustable cyclones and electromagnetically driven permanent magnet plates for active flow disturbance, combined with local oxygen concentration monitoring and parameter correction, breaking the fixed limitations of passive mixing and achieving targeted mixing of fuels with different calorific values. Adaptive control dynamically calls upon the optimal parameter library to adjust key mixing indicators through real-time calorific value detection and mixing effect feedback. This not only covers the mainstream fuel types in steel plants but also avoids fuel waste and pollutant generation caused by uneven mixing, laying a core foundation for efficient combustion.

[0032] 2. The oxygen-enriched combustion process in this heating furnace captures temperature changes in each heating zone in real time through multi-point temperature measurement within the furnace. Combined with the target temperature of the billet at different heating stages, the mixing parameters and combustion intensity are dynamically fine-tuned through proportional, integral, and derivative adjustments. This avoids the lag effect of the heating process and prevents damage to the billet quality caused by local high or low temperatures. At the same time, the stable combustion state further reduces the additional energy consumption caused by temperature fluctuations, ensuring that the heating process is efficient and controllable. Ultimately, this guarantees the consistency and stability of the billet heating quality and reduces the risk of quality fluctuations during the production process. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this drawing or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this drawing. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of an oxygen-enriched combustion process in a heating furnace according to the present invention.

[0035] The purpose, features, and advantages of this accompanying drawing will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following description and illustration are provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Obviously, the following description is merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the effort involved in such development may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" as used in this application can be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed may also be included, or that only the listed components may be included.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is inclusive in this application. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied by any of the following conditions: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. Fuel and oxygen-enriched air preparation:

[0042] The steel plant's fuel gas is filtered, dehydrated, and pressure-stabilized to remove impurities and moisture, and then transported to the fuel buffer tank at a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. The oxygen produced by the oxygen generation system with a purity of ≥90% is depressurized to 0.4-0.6 MPa and mixed with air at an initial oxygen concentration of 23%-25% to form oxygen-enriched air, which is then transported to the oxygen-enriched channel of the burner.

[0043] S2, Multi-stage mixing:

[0044] Oxygen-enriched air is formed into a rotating airflow by an adjustable-angle cyclone separator, which entrains fuel ejected through an array of variable-diameter nozzles, completing the initial mixing. The initially mixed airflow enters the mixing tube, where permanent magnet blades are uniformly arranged. The frequency and amplitude of the permanent magnet blades are adjusted by controlling the pulse current through a PLC.

[0045] The specific principle of permanent magnet sheet vibration control is as follows:

[0046] When the PLC controls the pulse current to pass through the electromagnetic coil wound around the permanent magnet, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the alternating magnetic field and the permanent magnet generate periodic repulsion or attraction, driving the permanent magnet to vibrate. The amplitude and frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the pulse current; high current amplitude and frequency correspond to large amplitude and high frequency vibration; conversely, low current amplitude and low frequency vibration is output.

[0047] Inside the mixing tube, sensors are evenly spaced to monitor the oxygen concentration of the mixed airflow. For areas where the oxygen concentration deviation is >2%, the frequency and amplitude of the permanent magnet in that area are adjusted to adapt to the desired result. The specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows:

[0048] According to the correspondence between the oxygen concentration deviation value and the standard correction table, the correction coefficient increases by 0.2 for every 1% increase in oxygen concentration deviation. The frequency adjustment formula is Δf=f0×k×β, where Δf is the frequency adjustment amount, f0 is the initial frequency of the turbulence unit, k is the correction coefficient, and β is the frequency adjustment weight, with a value range of 0.5-1.5.

[0049] The amplitude adjustment formula is ΔA=A0×k×γ, where ΔA is the amplitude adjustment amount, A0 is the initial amplitude, k is the correction coefficient, and γ is the amplitude adjustment weight, with a value range of 0.3-0.8.

[0050] After the calculation is completed, the system automatically increases the frequency and amplitude of the corresponding area turbulence unit to the calculated value, and continuously monitors the oxygen concentration change, dynamically optimizing and adjusting the parameters;

[0051] The blade angle of the hydrocyclone is adjustable within the range of 0-30°; the array-type variable aperture nozzle has an aperture of 0.5-2mm. For low-calorific-value fuels, the PLC controls the pulse current to drive the permanent magnet to vibrate at high frequency and large amplitude to enhance turbulence, with a frequency of 80-100Hz and an amplitude of 3-5mm; for high-calorific-value fuels, the permanent magnet vibrates at low frequency and small amplitude to avoid local high temperatures, with a frequency of 10-20Hz and an amplitude of 0.5-2mm.

[0052] S3, Adaptive ratio control:

[0053] An online calorific value analyzer monitors the calorific value of the fuel, and a laser Raman spectrometer detects the concentration distribution of the mixed gas. The dual parameters of calorific value and mixing effect are fed back to the server. The PLC calls database parameters based on the detection data and dynamically adjusts the cyclone angle, nozzle diameter, electromagnetic turbulence parameters, and oxygen-fuel ratio.

[0054] The server stores the optimal mixing parameters for each fuel, including but not limited to cyclone angle, nozzle diameter, electromagnetic turbulence parameters, and oxygen-fuel ratio; the optimal mixing parameters for each fuel can be obtained through repeated experiments.

[0055] S4. Combustion heating adjustment:

[0056] The uniformly mixed gas is discharged from the mixing chamber. After being sprayed out by the burner, the uniformly mixed gas flow is ignited by the ignition device to form a stable flame. 6-8 infrared thermometers are installed in the heating furnace to monitor the temperature of the preheating zone, heating zone and soaking zone respectively. The PLC fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity according to the temperature requirements of the billet heating stage to ensure uniform temperature in the furnace. The billet heating uniformity error is controlled within ±10℃.

[0057] The fine-tuning range of the mixing parameters and combustion intensity is calculated using the following steps:

[0058] The measured temperatures of each thermometer are compared with the target temperatures of the corresponding heating stages of the steel billet to obtain the temperature deviation values. ,Right now Based on the magnitude of the temperature deviation, a proportional adjustment formula is used. Calculate the adjustment amount for mixing parameters and combustion intensity. ,in This is the proportional coefficient, determined through historical data and on-site debugging optimization to balance adjustment speed and stability. Considering the lag in the billet heating process, the PLC also incorporates integral and derivative adjustments based on temperature change trends and heating time, using a PID control algorithm to dynamically correct the fine-tuning amplitude, as detailed below:

[0059]

[0060] in The temperature deviation at the current moment. The integral time constant is... The differential time constant is For the system in The control output value at any given time is the result obtained through calculations by the PID controller and is used to adjust the controlled object. Error signal From time 0 to The integral at any given moment accumulates the errors over a past period. Error signal Regarding time The derivative of represents the rate of change of the error;

[0061] Through the above calculation method, the PLC fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity to ensure uniform temperature inside the furnace and control the billet heating uniformity error within ±10℃.

[0062] Based on the above description, this invention effectively solves the problems of insufficient mixing uniformity, narrow fuel compatibility range, and lagging control in existing processes by pretreating fuel and oxygen-enriched air, actively multi-stage mixing, and dual-parameter adaptive control. The fuel pretreatment stage removes impurities and moisture, providing a stable foundation for subsequent mixing. Multi-stage mixing relies on adjustable cyclones and electromagnetically driven permanent magnet plates for active flow disturbance, combined with local oxygen concentration monitoring and parameter correction, breaking the fixed limitations of passive mixing and achieving targeted mixing of fuels with different calorific values. Adaptive control dynamically calls upon the optimal parameter library to adjust key mixing indicators through real-time calorific value detection and mixing effect feedback. This not only covers the mainstream fuel types in steel plants but also avoids fuel waste and pollutant generation caused by uneven mixing, laying a core foundation for efficient combustion.

[0063] This invention captures temperature changes in each heating zone in real time through multi-point temperature measurement within the furnace. Combined with the target temperature of the billet at different heating stages, it dynamically fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity through proportional, integral, and derivative adjustments. This avoids the lag effect of the heating process and prevents damage to the billet quality caused by local high or low temperatures. At the same time, the stable combustion state further reduces the additional energy consumption caused by temperature fluctuations, ensuring that the heating process is efficient and controllable. Ultimately, it guarantees the consistency and stability of the billet heating quality and reduces the risk of quality fluctuations during the production process.

[0064] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Fuel and oxygen-enriched air preparation: The steel plant's fuel gas is filtered, dehydrated, and pressure-stabilized to remove impurities and moisture, and then transported to the fuel buffer tank at a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. The oxygen produced by the oxygen generation system with a purity of ≥90% is depressurized to 0.4-0.6 MPa and mixed with air at an initial oxygen concentration of 23%-25% to form oxygen-enriched air, which is then transported to the oxygen-enriched channel of the burner. S2, Multi-stage mixing: Oxygen-enriched air is formed into a rotating airflow by an adjustable-angle cyclone separator, which entrains fuel ejected through an array of variable-aperture nozzles, completing the initial mixing. The initially mixed airflow enters the mixing tube, where permanent magnets are uniformly arranged. A PLC controls a pulsed current to drive the permanent magnets to vibrate, achieving frequency and amplitude adjustment. In step S2, sensors monitoring the oxygen concentration of the mixed airflow are equidistantly arranged inside the mixing tube. For areas with an oxygen concentration deviation >2%, the frequency and amplitude of the permanent magnets in those areas are adjusted for adaptation. The specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows: According to the correspondence between the oxygen concentration deviation value and the standard correction table, the correction coefficient increases by 0.2 for every 1% increase in oxygen concentration deviation. The frequency adjustment formula is Δf=f0×k×β, where Δf is the frequency adjustment amount, f0 is the initial frequency of the turbulence unit, k is the correction coefficient, and β is the frequency adjustment weight, with a value range of 0.5-1.

5. The amplitude adjustment formula is ΔA=A0×k×γ, where ΔA is the amplitude adjustment amount, A0 is the initial amplitude, k is the correction coefficient, and γ is the amplitude adjustment weight, with a value range of 0.3-0.

8. After the calculation is completed, the system automatically increases the frequency and amplitude of the corresponding area turbulence unit to the calculated value, and continuously monitors the oxygen concentration change, dynamically optimizing and adjusting the parameters; S3, Adaptive ratio control: An online calorific value analyzer monitors the calorific value of the fuel, and a laser Raman spectrometer detects the concentration distribution of the mixed gas. The dual parameters of calorific value and mixing effect are fed back to the server. The PLC calls database parameters based on the detection data and dynamically adjusts the cyclone angle, nozzle diameter, electromagnetic turbulence parameters, and oxygen-fuel ratio. S4. Combustion heating adjustment: The uniformly mixed gas is discharged from the mixing chamber. After being sprayed out by the burner, the uniformly mixed gas flow is ignited by the ignition device to form a stable flame. Six to eight infrared thermometers are installed in the heating furnace to monitor the temperature of the preheating zone, heating zone and soaking zone respectively. The PLC fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity according to the temperature requirements of the billet heating stage to ensure uniform temperature in the furnace. The billet heating uniformity error is controlled within ±10℃.

2. The oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the blade angle of the hydrocyclone is adjustable within the range of 0-30°; the diameter of the array-type variable aperture nozzle is 0.5-2mm.

3. The oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when using low-calorific-value fuels, the PLC controls the pulse current to drive the permanent magnet sheet to vibrate at high frequency and large amplitude to enhance turbulence, with a frequency of 80-100Hz and an amplitude of 3-5mm; when using high-calorific-value fuels, the permanent magnet sheet vibrates at low frequency and small amplitude to avoid local high temperature, with a frequency of 10-20Hz and an amplitude of 0.5-2mm.

4. The oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific principle of permanent magnet sheet vibration control is as follows: When the PLC controls the pulse current to pass through the electromagnetic coil wound around the permanent magnet, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the alternating magnetic field and the permanent magnet generate periodic repulsion or attraction, driving the permanent magnet to vibrate. The amplitude and frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the pulse current; high current amplitude and frequency correspond to large amplitude and high frequency vibration; conversely, low amplitude and low frequency vibration is output.

5. The oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the server stores the optimal mixing parameters for each fuel, including the cyclone angle, nozzle diameter, electromagnetic turbulence parameters, and oxygen-fuel ratio; the optimal mixing parameters for each fuel can be obtained through repeated experiments.

6. The oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the fine-tuning range of the mixing parameters and combustion intensity is calculated through the following steps: The measured temperatures of each thermometer are compared with the target temperatures of the corresponding heating stages of the steel billet to obtain the temperature deviation values. ,Right now Based on the magnitude of the temperature deviation, a proportional adjustment formula is used. Calculate the adjustment amount for mixing parameters and combustion intensity. ,in This is a proportionality coefficient, which is determined through historical data and on-site debugging optimization to balance adjustment speed and stability.

7. The oxygen-enriched combustion process for a heating furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: Considering the lag in the billet heating process, the PLC will also incorporate integral and derivative adjustments based on temperature change trends and heating time, using a PID control algorithm to dynamically correct the fine-tuning amplitude, as detailed below: in The temperature deviation at the current moment. The integral time constant is... The differential time constant is For the system in The control output value at any given time is the result obtained through calculations by the PID controller and is used to adjust the controlled object. Error signal From time 0 to The integral at any given moment accumulates the errors over a past period. Error signal Regarding time The derivative of represents the rate of change of the error; Through the above calculation method, the PLC fine-tunes the mixing parameters and combustion intensity to ensure uniform temperature inside the furnace and control the billet heating uniformity error within ±10℃.

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