A vibration signal processing device and method based on engine on-board sensors

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of aero-engine testing and fault diagnosis, and provides a vibration signal processing device and method based on an engine on-board sensor, the device comprising: a vibration sensing unit arranged on the engine, which collects original vibration signals; an original signal transmission channel, which transmits the signals to an engine data acquisition system for routine monitoring; a signal shunt interface assembly, which is detachably connected in series between the sensing unit and the transmission channel, and which, without damaging the original signal channel, conducts the original vibration signals to two output channels without loss; and a portable analysis unit, which is connected to one of the output channels, and which collects, digitizes and analyzes the signals in real time in multiple dimensions. The present application can realize fine fault diagnosis during the test run without affecting the original on-board monitoring system, and has high safety, repeatability and engineering practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aero-engine testing and fault diagnosis, and relates to vibration signal extraction and processing technology, specifically to a vibration signal processing device and method based on an airborne engine sensor. Background Technology

[0002] As the "heart" of an aircraft, the complex internal flow and mechanical structural changes of the aero-engine can generate abnormal vibrations, severely impacting flight safety and reliability. Under complex operating environments of high temperature, high pressure, and high speed, the internal structures of the engine (such as the rotor system, bearings, gearbox, and blades) are highly susceptible to mechanical vibrations due to fatigue, wear, loosening, imbalance, or aerodynamic instability. Continuous or sudden abnormal vibrations not only accelerate the accumulation of structural damage but can also lead to serious consequences such as breakage of critical components, surge, or even in-flight engine failure. Therefore, establishing an efficient and accurate vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis system is one of the core means of ensuring engine health management.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream aero engines, both domestically and internationally, are equipped with airborne vibration monitoring systems (HUMS or Engine Vibration Monitoring Unit, EVMU). These systems use accelerometers or velocity sensors installed in critical engine components (such as the front / rear suspension, accessory drive housing, and core casing) to collect vibration signals in real time. These signals are then transmitted via dedicated cables to a data acquisition unit for processing. In contrast, ground test benches and field maintenance systems typically only extract the total vibration value (such as RMS effective value, peak value, and peak-to-peak value) as an evaluation indicator to determine whether a set threshold has been exceeded and to trigger an alarm.

[0004] However, as modern aero-engine systems develop towards higher thrust-to-weight ratios, longer lifespans, and full-authority digital control, the traditional "total value + threshold alarm" model is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of refined health management, revealing the following multiple technical bottlenecks:

[0005] 1. While total vibration values ​​can reflect the overall vibration level, they cannot reveal the frequency components, order characteristics, or time-domain waveform details of the vibration. For example, the same RMS value may correspond to multiple different types of fault sources (such as bearing pitting, gear tooth breakage, and rotor cracks), which are difficult to distinguish based on the total value alone. When an alarm occurs, maintenance personnel often lack sufficient spectral information, leading to a troubleshooting process that relies on experience and guesswork, resulting in low efficiency.

[0006] 2. To obtain deeper information such as the spectrum, the current practice is to temporarily install an external vibration sensor and connect it to a portable analyzer after an alarm is triggered. This method has several drawbacks: the installation location cannot completely replicate the original airborne sensor layout, resulting in incomparable data; factors such as the quality of the external sensor, coupling stiffness, and cable routing can easily introduce measurement deviations; the disassembly and assembly process is time-consuming, affecting the test schedule or flight punctuality; and it is difficult to operate in outdoor environments such as high altitudes and confined spaces, posing significant safety hazards.

[0007] 3. Some existing switching solutions use parallel or T-type splitters to output signals, which can easily cause impedance mismatch, signal attenuation, or electromagnetic interference, affecting the quality of the original signal. In addition, if the original airborne signal path is interrupted during the switching process, it may lead to EVMU misjudgment or loss of critical monitoring data, posing a safety risk.

[0008] 4. Currently, field troubleshooting relies heavily on the individual experience of technicians, lacking a unified and standardized signal extraction and analysis process. Inconsistent operating methods among different units and personnel lead to poor repeatability of test results, hindering the establishment of traceable health records and fault databases.

[0009] 5. Traditional monitoring methods primarily focus on obvious out-of-limit events, while being slow to respond to minor faults in their early stages (such as microcrack propagation or slight bearing spalling). These faults may not show significant changes in their total values, but they are already reflected in the frequency domain or nonlinear characteristics (such as kurtosis and peak factor). Missing the early intervention window may lead to rapid deterioration of the fault.

[0010] Although existing research has proposed using new monitoring methods such as wireless sensor networks and fiber optic sensors, their high cost and integration difficulty make them difficult to replace the existing eddy current / piezoelectric airborne sensor system in the short term.

[0011] Therefore, how to fully utilize the existing airborne sensor resources without changing the existing engine hardware architecture to achieve high-fidelity extraction and in-depth on-site analysis of raw signals has become a key technical requirement in the field of aero-engine health management. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the technical problems of insufficient analytical capabilities, low troubleshooting efficiency, and poor data comparability in existing engine vibration monitoring systems, this invention discloses a vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor. The vibration signal processing device includes a vibration sensing unit, a raw signal transmission channel, a signal splitting interface component, and a portable analysis unit.

[0013] Among them, the vibration sensing unit is installed on the engine to collect the raw vibration signals during the engine operation in real time; The original signal transmission channel connects the vibration sensing unit to the engine data acquisition system, transmitting the original vibration signal to the engine data acquisition system for vibration parameter monitoring. The signal splitter interface assembly is detachably connected in series between the vibration sensing unit and the original signal transmission channel. It includes an adapter with a mechanical locking structure and an internal threaded sleeve, which is used to output the original vibration signal to the two output channels of the signal splitter interface assembly without damaging the original signal path. The first output channel is connected to the original signal transmission channel. The portable analysis unit is connected to the second output channel of the signal splitter interface component via an external cable to perform real-time acquisition, digital processing, and multi-dimensional analysis of the received raw vibration signal to obtain vibration characteristic parameters.

[0014] Furthermore, the signal shunt interface component meets electrical safety standards, with an insulation resistance of not less than 10MΩ, ensuring the continuous and reliable operation of the original signal transmission channel and the engine data acquisition system while leading out the original vibration signal through the second output channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the vibration sensing unit includes an acceleration sensor or a velocity sensor, and the raw signal transmission channel includes a sensor cable. One end of the sensor cable is connected to the vibration sensing unit, and the other end is connected to the engine data cabinet. The raw vibration signal collected is transmitted to the engine data acquisition system through the engine data cabinet via the first output channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the signal splitter interface assembly includes a sensor connector, a first adapter cable connector, an adapter cable, a second adapter cable connector, and a third adapter cable connector connected in sequence. One end of the sensor connector is connected to the vibration sensing unit via a sensor connector fixing bolt, and the other end is mechanically locked and electrically connected via a first internal threaded ferrule. The third adapter cable connector is connected to the original signal transmission channel via a third internal threaded sleeve to form the first output channel; One end of the second adapter cable connector is connected to the adapter cable, and the other end is connected to the portable analysis unit via an external cable through a second internal threaded sleeve, forming the second output channel, which outputs the original vibration signal.

[0017] Furthermore, the portable analysis unit includes: A multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the original vibration signal; The FFT analysis module is used to perform frequency domain transformation on the original vibration signal and generate a spectrum. The order tracking algorithm module is used to perform order analysis based on the original vibration signal and its corresponding rotational speed signal to obtain the order amplitude of the vibration components related to the main shaft. Data storage module, used to store the original vibration signal and analysis results; The display module is used to display any one or more vibration characteristic parameters in real time, including total vibration value, time-domain waveform, spectrum, order spectrum, and three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum.

[0018] This invention also provides a vibration signal processing method based on an engine airborne sensor, which uses the aforementioned vibration signal processing device to achieve the following steps: S10. Disconnect the electrical connection between the vibration sensing unit and the original signal transmission channel; S20. Connect the signal splitter interface component in series between the vibration sensing unit and the original signal transmission channel to form a dual-path signal output structure. One output channel of the dual-path signal output structure is connected to the original signal transmission channel to monitor vibration parameters, and the other output channel is connected to the portable analysis unit to obtain the original vibration signal. S30. Start the engine and run it according to the predetermined test run procedure. Simultaneously collect steady-state and dynamic operating condition data within the set speed range, and obtain the original vibration signal through the portable analysis unit. S40. Perform multimodal joint analysis on the original vibration signal using the portable analysis unit to extract vibration characteristic parameters. The vibration characteristic parameters include any one or more of the following: total vibration value, time-domain waveform, spectrum, order spectrum, and three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum. S50. The vibration characteristic parameters are compared with the historical benchmark database, and preliminary fault results are generated by combining them with the expert diagnosis rule base.

[0019] Furthermore, the method also includes: S01. On the vibration table, the same vibration sensing unit is used to measure the response signals of the two output channels of the signal splitter interface component respectively. If the relative error between the two response signals is within the error range, the signal splitter interface component is judged to have passed the test.

[0020] Further, in step S40, the multimodal joint analysis includes: S41. Perform anti-aliasing FFT transformation on the original vibration signal to obtain a wideband vibration spectrum within a set frequency band, and identify harmonic components with abrupt amplitude changes in the wideband vibration spectrum. S42. Perform order tracking analysis based on the original vibration signal and its corresponding rotational speed signal, calculate the order amplitude of the vibration components related to the main shaft, and perform auxiliary positioning of the unbalance source of the gear, bearing or rotor based on the order amplitude. S43. Construct a three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum based on the process data of increasing or decreasing rotational speed, and extract the energy evolution trajectory of the set frequency component as the rotational speed changes from the three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum; S44. Calculate the peak factor and kurtosis of the original vibration signal to detect early minor impact faults.

[0021] Furthermore, step S40 also includes: S45. When it is detected that the increase of a certain order component exceeds the increase threshold in three consecutive test runs, or when the kurtosis value of the original vibration signal is greater than the kurtosis threshold, the early fault warning mechanism is activated, and the frequency band and faulty component corresponding to the order component are output and displayed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve include at least: 1. By using a detachable and installable signal shunt interface component, a non-intrusive design is achieved without disrupting the original signal path, ensuring test run safety; 2. Signal integrity is ensured through pre-calibration and high-insulation design; 3. Integrating multi-dimensional analysis in the time domain, frequency domain, and order domain can improve fault identification capabilities; 4. By combining historical data with expert rules, preliminary fault hypotheses can be generated, enabling intelligent diagnosis. Furthermore, based on trend and impact characteristics, early warnings of potential faults can be provided. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a signal splitter interface component; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a vibration signal processing method based on engine airborne sensors; The components include: 1. Vibration sensing unit; 2. Sensor cable; 3. Sensor connector fixing bolt; 4. Sensor connector; 5. First internal threaded ferrule; 7. First adapter cable connector; 8. Adapter cable; 9. Second adapter cable connector; 10. Second internal threaded ferrule; 11. Third adapter cable connector; 12. Third internal threaded ferrule; 20. Engine data cabinet; 30. Engine data acquisition system; and 40. Portable analysis unit. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features of the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] This invention provides a vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, the vibration signal processing device includes a vibration sensing unit 1, a raw signal transmission channel, a signal splitting interface component, and a portable analysis unit 40.

[0028] Among them, the vibration sensing unit 1 is installed on the engine to collect the original vibration signals during the engine operation in real time; The original signal transmission channel connects the vibration sensing unit 1 to the engine data acquisition system 30, and transmits the original vibration signal to the engine data acquisition system 30 for vibration parameter monitoring; The signal splitter interface assembly is detachably connected in series between the vibration sensing unit 1 and the original signal transmission channel. It includes an adapter with a mechanical locking structure and an internal threaded sleeve, which is used to output the original vibration signal to the two output channels of the signal splitter interface assembly without damaging the original signal path. The first output channel is connected to the original signal transmission channel. The portable analysis unit 40 is connected to the second output channel of the signal splitter interface component via an external cable to perform real-time acquisition, digital processing, and multi-dimensional analysis of the received raw vibration signal to obtain vibration characteristic parameters.

[0029] In one embodiment, the signal shunt interface component meets electrical safety standards and has an insulation resistance of not less than 10MΩ. While leading out the original vibration signal through the second output channel, it ensures the continuous and reliable operation of the original signal transmission channel and the engine data acquisition system 30.

[0030] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 As shown, the vibration sensing unit 1 includes an acceleration sensor or a velocity sensor, and the raw signal transmission channel includes a sensor cable 2. One end of the sensor cable 2 is connected to the vibration sensing unit 1, and the other end is connected to the engine data cabinet 20. The raw vibration signal collected by the engine data cabinet 20 is transmitted to the engine data acquisition system 30 through the first output channel.

[0031] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 As shown, the signal splitter interface assembly includes a sensor connector 4, a first adapter cable connector 7, an adapter cable 8, a second adapter cable connector 9, and a third adapter cable connector 11 connected in sequence. One end of the sensor connector 4 is connected to the vibration sensing unit 1 through the sensor connector fixing bolt 3, and the other end is mechanically locked and electrically connected through the first internal threaded sleeve 5. The third adapter cable connector 11 is connected to the original signal transmission channel through the third internal threaded sleeve 12 to form the first output channel; One end of the second adapter cable connector 9 is connected to the adapter cable 8, and the other end is connected to the portable analysis unit 40 via the second internal threaded sleeve 10 and an external cable, forming the second output channel, which outputs the original vibration signal.

[0032] In an embodiment where no accompanying drawings are shown, the portable analysis unit 40 includes: A multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the original vibration signal; The FFT analysis module is used to perform frequency domain transformation on the original vibration signal and generate a spectrum. The order tracking algorithm module is used to perform order analysis based on the original vibration signal and its corresponding rotational speed signal to obtain the order amplitude of the vibration components related to the main shaft. Data storage module, used to store the original vibration signal and analysis results; The display module is used to display any one or more vibration characteristic parameters in real time, including total vibration value, time-domain waveform, spectrum, order spectrum, and three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum.

[0033] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a vibration signal processing method based on an engine airborne sensor. This method is implemented using the aforementioned vibration signal processing device and includes the following steps: This invention also provides a vibration signal processing method based on an engine airborne sensor, employing the aforementioned vibration signal processing device, see [link to documentation]. Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are performed: S10. Disconnect the electrical connection between the vibration sensing unit 1 and the original signal transmission channel; S20. Connect the signal splitter interface component in series between the vibration sensing unit 1 and the original signal transmission channel to form a dual-path signal output structure. One output channel of the dual-path signal output structure is connected to the original signal transmission channel to monitor vibration parameters, and the other output channel is connected to the portable analysis unit to obtain the original vibration signal. S30. Start the engine and run it according to the predetermined test run procedure. Simultaneously collect steady-state and dynamic operating condition data within the set speed range, and obtain the original vibration signal through the portable analysis unit. S40. Perform multimodal joint analysis on the original vibration signal using the portable analysis unit to extract vibration characteristic parameters. The vibration characteristic parameters include any one or more of the following: total vibration value, time-domain waveform, spectrum, order spectrum, and three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum. S50. The vibration characteristic parameters are compared with the historical benchmark database, and preliminary fault results are generated by combining them with the expert diagnosis rule base.

[0034] Furthermore, the method also includes: S01. On the vibration table, the same vibration sensing unit 1 is used to measure the response signals of the two output channels of the signal shunt interface component respectively. If the relative error between the two response signals is within the error range (e.g., ±10%), the signal shunt interface component is judged to have passed the test.

[0035] During implementation, the signal splitter interface component was connected to the engine data acquisition system 30 and the portable analysis unit 40 respectively, and simulation tests were conducted. The results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1: Simulation test results of the signal shunt interface component

[0036] As can be seen from Table 1 above, after connecting the portable analysis unit 40, the maximum relative error of the original vibration signal acquired by the engine data acquisition system 30 is -2.28%, which is much smaller than the error range of ±10%. Therefore, the use of the signal splitter interface component has no impact on the engine data acquisition system 30.

[0037] The signal splitter interface component was connected to a certain type of engine for actual testing. The results are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2: Vibration Measurement Values ​​of a Certain Type of Engine After Connecting a Signal Splitting Interface Assembly

[0038] As shown in Table 2 above, under various engine conditions, the vibration values ​​measured by the engine data acquisition system 30 are basically consistent with the vibration extraction signal values ​​acquired by the portable analysis unit 40, with a maximum relative error of 0.61%, which is within the set error range.

[0039] Further, in step S40, the multimodal joint analysis includes: S41. Perform anti-aliasing FFT transformation on the original vibration signal to obtain a wideband vibration spectrum within a set frequency band, and identify harmonic components with abrupt amplitude changes in the wideband vibration spectrum. S42. Perform order tracking analysis based on the original vibration signal and its corresponding rotational speed signal, calculate the order amplitude of the vibration components related to the main shaft, and perform auxiliary positioning of the unbalance source of the gear, bearing or rotor based on the order amplitude. S43. Construct a three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum based on the process data of increasing or decreasing rotational speed, and extract the energy evolution trajectory of the set frequency component as the rotational speed changes from the three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum; S44. Calculate the peak factor and kurtosis of the original vibration signal to detect early minor impact faults.

[0040] Furthermore, step S40 also includes: S45. When it is detected that the increase of a certain order component exceeds the increase threshold (e.g., 15%) in three consecutive test runs, or when the kurtosis value of the original vibration signal is greater than the kurtosis threshold (e.g., 5.0), the early fault warning mechanism is activated, and the frequency band and faulty component corresponding to the order component are output and displayed for automatic warning.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: 1. By using a detachable and installable signal shunt interface component, a non-intrusive design is achieved without disrupting the original signal path, ensuring test run safety; 2. Signal integrity is ensured through pre-calibration and high-insulation design; 3. Integrating multi-dimensional analysis in the time domain, frequency domain, and order domain can improve fault identification capabilities; 4. By combining historical data with expert rules, preliminary fault hypotheses can be generated, enabling intelligent diagnosis. Furthermore, based on trend and impact characteristics, early warnings of potential faults can be provided.

[0042] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented here, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to any particular hardware and software combination.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor, characterized in that, include: Vibration sensing unit (1) is installed on the engine to collect the original vibration signals during engine operation in real time; The original signal transmission channel connects the vibration sensing unit (1) and the engine data acquisition system (30) to transmit the original vibration signal to the engine data acquisition system (30) for vibration parameter monitoring; The signal splitter interface assembly is detachably connected in series between the vibration sensing unit (1) and the original signal transmission channel. It includes an adapter with a mechanical locking structure and an internal threaded sleeve, which is used to output the original vibration signal to the two output channels of the signal splitter interface assembly without damaging the original signal path. The first output channel is connected to the original signal transmission channel. The portable analysis unit (40) is connected to the second output channel of the signal splitter interface component via an external cable to perform real-time acquisition, digital processing and multi-dimensional analysis of the received original vibration signal to obtain vibration characteristic parameters.

2. The vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal shunt interface component meets electrical safety standards and has an insulation resistance of not less than 10MΩ. While leading out the original vibration signal through the second output channel, it ensures the continuous and reliable operation of the original signal transmission channel and the engine data acquisition system (30).

3. The vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration sensing unit (1) includes an acceleration sensor or a velocity sensor. The original signal transmission channel includes a sensor cable (2). One end of the sensor cable (2) is connected to the vibration sensing unit (1), and the other end is connected to the engine data cabinet (20). The original vibration signal collected by the engine data cabinet (20) is transmitted to the engine data acquisition system (30) through the first output channel.

4. The vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal splitter interface assembly includes a sensor connector (4), a first adapter cable connector (7), an adapter cable (8), a second adapter cable connector (9), and a third adapter cable connector (11) connected in sequence. One end of the sensor connector (4) is connected to the vibration sensing unit (1) through the sensor connector fixing bolt (3), and the other end is mechanically locked and electrically connected through the first internal thread sleeve (5); The third adapter cable connector (11) is connected to the original signal transmission channel through the third internal threaded sleeve (12) to form the first output channel; One end of the second adapter cable connector (9) is connected to the adapter cable (8), and the other end is connected to the portable analysis unit (40) via the second internal threaded sleeve (10) and the external cable, forming the second output channel, which outputs the original vibration signal.

5. The vibration signal processing device based on an engine airborne sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portable analysis unit (40) includes: A multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the original vibration signal; The FFT analysis module is used to perform frequency domain transformation on the original vibration signal and generate a spectrum. The order tracking algorithm module is used to perform order analysis based on the original vibration signal and its corresponding rotational speed signal to obtain the order amplitude of the vibration components related to the main shaft. Data storage module, used to store the original vibration signal and analysis results; The display module is used to display any one or more vibration characteristic parameters in real time, including total vibration value, time-domain waveform, spectrum, order spectrum, and three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum.

6. A vibration signal processing method based on an engine airborne sensor, characterized in that, The vibration signal processing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used to implement the following steps: Disconnect the electrical connection between the vibration sensing unit (1) and the original signal transmission channel; The signal splitter interface component is connected in series between the vibration sensing unit (1) and the original signal transmission channel to form a dual-path signal output structure. One output channel of the dual-path signal output structure is connected to the original signal transmission channel for vibration parameter monitoring, and the other output channel is connected to the portable analysis unit to obtain the original vibration signal. Start the engine and run it according to the predetermined test procedure. Simultaneously collect steady-state and dynamic operating condition data within the set speed range, and obtain the original vibration signal through the portable analysis unit. The portable analysis unit performs multimodal joint analysis on the original vibration signal to extract vibration characteristic parameters, which include any one or more of the following: total vibration value, time-domain waveform, spectrum, order spectrum, and three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum. The vibration characteristic parameters are compared with the historical benchmark database, and preliminary fault results are generated by combining them with the expert diagnosis rule base.

7. The vibration signal processing method based on engine airborne sensors according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: On the vibration table, the same vibration sensing unit (1) is used to measure the response signals of the two output channels of the signal shunt interface component respectively. If the relative error between the two response signals is within the error range, the signal shunt interface component is judged to have passed the test.

8. The vibration signal processing method based on engine airborne sensors according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multimodal joint analysis includes: An anti-aliasing FFT transform is performed on the original vibration signal to obtain a wideband vibration spectrum within a set frequency range, and harmonic components with abrupt amplitude changes in the wideband vibration spectrum are identified. Based on the original vibration signal and its corresponding rotational speed signal, order tracking analysis is performed to calculate the order amplitude of the vibration components related to the main shaft, and the unbalance source of the gear, bearing or rotor is located based on the order amplitude. A three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum is constructed based on process data of increasing or decreasing rotational speed, and the energy evolution trajectory of a set frequency component as a function of rotational speed is extracted from the three-dimensional Waterfall spectrum. The peak factor and kurtosis of the original vibration signal are calculated to detect early, minor impact faults.

9. The vibration signal processing method based on an engine airborne sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: When a certain order component is detected to have an increase exceeding the increase threshold in three consecutive test runs, or when the kurtosis value of the original vibration signal is greater than the kurtosis threshold, the early fault warning mechanism is activated, and the frequency band and faulty component corresponding to that order component are output and displayed.

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