An accurate control device and method of quantum vortex in superfluid helium

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of accurate regulation and control device and method of quantum vortex in superfluid helium, comprising: low-temperature preparation and maintenance system, including compressor, water chiller, refrigerator cold head and liquid helium chamber, for cooling and liquefaction to helium;Shielding and vacuum system, including vacuum chamber cold screen, 77 K cold screen and 4 K cold screen;Pressure and pumping system, including the pressure-reducing evacuation port of observation chamber, pressure-reducing butterfly valve and pressure-reducing pump group, for pumping and pressure-reducing control to observation chamber;Observation and execution unit, including observation chamber with window, heater arranged in observation chamber, motor-driven motion grid, tracer particle or helium injection port and high-speed camera;Control system, electrically connected with the above-mentioned each system and used for cooperative control and data acquisition.The application can realize accurate regulation and control and real-time observation to quantum vortex generation, evolution and spatial distribution under controllable low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of low-temperature physics and quantum fluid dynamics, and in particular to a device and method for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium. Background Technology

[0002] Due to its extremely high thermal conductivity and extremely low viscosity, superfluid helium has become an indispensable cooling medium for many advanced devices. It is widely used in high-tech fields such as low-temperature physics, superconducting accelerators, and quantum computing, providing efficient cooling for related systems.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent documents with publication numbers CN107965940A and CN113969883A disclose cryogenic systems and related devices involving superfluid helium, providing fundamental support for the practical application of superfluid helium. However, these prior art technologies do not involve the precise control of quantum vortex behavior in superfluid helium.

[0004] In superfluid helium, quantum vortices are turbulent structures induced by the interaction between the superfluid and normal-fluid components. Unlike vortices in classical fluids, quantum vortices are macroscopic manifestations of quantum mechanical effects, exhibiting properties such as inviscidity and entropylessness. Their formation is closely related to the flow state of the superfluid helium. Specifically, the generation of quantum vortices originates from the mutual friction caused by the relative velocities between the normal and superfluid components. As the velocity difference between the two increases, friction intensifies, thereby inducing the generation of quantum vortices.

[0005] Despite the significant potential applications of superfluid helium in low-temperature physics, quantum computing, and related cutting-edge fields, research on the manipulation of quantum vortices still faces numerous technical challenges. Existing methods largely rely on temperature gradients, mechanical vibrations, or external perturbations, making it difficult to achieve precise control over the quantum vortex generation process. This results in a generally high degree of randomness in vortex density and distribution, limiting its reliable application in precision experiments.

[0006] Furthermore, the application of flow field visualization technology, an important tool in classical fluid measurement, is significantly limited in superfluid helium systems. The inability to effectively distinguish between constant and superfluid components, especially under quantum turbulent conditions, makes flow field measurement even more difficult due to the complex interactions between the two. Currently, no mature technology can simultaneously solve the dual problems of precise control of quantum vortices and accurate flow field measurement.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new method and supporting device that can precisely control the generation and evolution of quantum vortices in superfluid helium to meet the requirements of high-precision experiments and further expand the application prospects of superfluid helium in quantum computing and advanced low-temperature experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the difficulty in precisely controlling the generation process of superfluid helium quantum vortices, the high randomness of vortex density, and the limitations of observation methods, this invention provides a device and method for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium, which can achieve precise control and real-time observation of the generation, evolution, and spatial distribution of quantum vortices under controllable low-temperature conditions.

[0009] A device for precisely controlling quantum vortices in superfluid helium includes: a cryogenic production and maintenance system, a shielding and vacuum system, a quantum vortex generation and observation system, and a pressure and pumping system, all under unified and coordinated control by a control system.

[0010] In the cryogenic production and maintenance system, the compressor and chiller unit work together to drive the cold head of the refrigeration unit to cool and liquefy the helium gas in the liquid helium chamber; the liquid helium chamber is thermally connected to the 1 K cold plate via a throttle valve and control elements to achieve further cooling; the liquid helium vapor gas in the liquid helium chamber returns to the liquid helium chamber through the liquid helium chamber evacuation port and the circulation pump unit, forming a closed loop circulation.

[0011] The shielding and vacuum system includes 4K cold shields, 77K cold shields and vacuum chamber cold shields arranged from the inside out, each with a viewing window for optical observation.

[0012] A quantum vortex generation and observation system includes a high-speed camera, an observation chamber, and a heater and a moving grid arranged in the observation chamber. The moving grid is driven by a motor, and the observation chamber is provided with an injection port for tracer particles or helium gas. The high-speed camera images the tracer particles in the observation chamber through a viewing window.

[0013] The pressure and extraction system includes a pressure-reducing evacuation port connected to the observation room, wherein the pressure-reducing evacuation port is connected to the pressure-reducing pump group via a pressure-reducing butterfly valve.

[0014] The control system constructs a relative velocity field between constant flow and superfluid flow within the observation chamber by controlling the heating method of the heater and / or the motion parameters of the moving grid, thereby enabling precise control and observation of the linear density and spatial distribution of quantum vortices.

[0015] Furthermore, the cryogenic preparation and maintenance system is used to stabilize the operating temperature of the observation chamber and its connected components within the range of 1.3 K to 2.17 K.

[0016] Furthermore, the observation room is made of glass or stainless steel, and its shape is any one of a cylinder, a cube, or a frustum.

[0017] Furthermore, the moving grille is driven by a motor to move in a linear reciprocating or sweeping manner.

[0018] Furthermore, the control system estimates the linear density and distribution of quantum vortices based on image data from a high-speed camera, and accordingly performs closed-loop adjustment of the control parameters of the heater and motor.

[0019] A method for precisely controlling quantum vortices in superfluid helium, based on the aforementioned device for precisely controlling quantum vortices in superfluid helium, includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Start the compressor and chiller unit to drive the refrigeration unit's cold head to cool the liquid helium chamber and liquefy the helium; transfer the cooling capacity to the 1 K cold plate through the throttle valve and control components, and with the cooperation of the vacuum chamber cold screen, the 77 K cold screen and the 4 K cold screen, stabilize the temperature of the observation chamber at 1.3 K to 2.17 K.

[0021] Step 2: Pressure is regulated through the pressure reduction evacuation port, pressure reduction butterfly valve and pressure reduction pump group in the observation room to obtain saturated or supercooled superfluid helium;

[0022] Step 3: Inject helium gas into the observation chamber through the injection port and liquefy it into superfluid helium;

[0023] Step 4: Using a thermally driven mode, control the heater to generate heat flux density ρ in the observation chamber and establish a temperature gradient; by adjusting the heating power and distribution, achieve relative velocity fields of different intensities;

[0024] And / or, adopt a mechanical drive mode, with the motor driving the moving grid to move in the superfluid helium, and use the different responses of normal flow and superfluid to the boundary to form a relative velocity field;

[0025] Step 5: Inject micron-sized tracer particles through the injection port, and record the data by a high-speed camera through the viewing window;

[0026] Step 6: Based on the image analysis results from the high-speed camera, the control system adjusts the heating power, heating area, and grid motion parameters to achieve the target vortex linear density and distribution.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 4, when using the heat-driven mode, the heat flow is adjusted by changing the power, geometry, and arrangement of the heater. q The spatial distribution of the flow can be used to regulate the relative velocity field between normal flow and superflow.

[0028] When using the mechanical drive mode, the intensity and scale of the disturbance introduced by the moving grid are controlled by adjusting the shape, aperture, speed and amplitude of the moving grid, thereby adjusting the relative velocity field between the normal flow and the superflow.

[0029] When using thermally driven mode, the velocity of a constant fluid satisfy:

[0030] ;

[0031] In the formula, The density of superfluid helium; Entropy; T For temperature;

[0032] To satisfy the law of conservation of energy, superfluids require velocity... satisfy:

[0033] ;

[0034] In the formula, For normal fluid density; It is the density of superfluid;

[0035] Relative velocity field between normal fluid and superfluid satisfy:

[0036] .

[0037] In step 6, the control system (5) performs vortex identification and line density estimation based on the image sequence acquired by the high-speed camera (10), and outputs closed-loop control quantities for the heater (12) and motor (22) to achieve the target quantum vortex density 𝐿, as shown in the following formula:

[0038] ;

[0039] in, This is a coefficient related to temperature.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. High controllability: Through the dual mechanisms of thermal and mechanical drive, the relative velocity field between constant flow and superfluidity can be adjusted, and the quantum vortex linear density and distribution can be precisely set;

[0042] 2. Excellent system stability: The design of the multi-stage cooling shield and circulation system significantly reduces the heat load, keeping the superfluid helium environment stable at 1.3 K to 2.17 K for a long time;

[0043] 3. High observation accuracy: By using micron-sized tracer particles and high-speed camera imaging, the spatial distribution, generation process and evolution trajectory of quantum vortices can be visualized and analyzed.

[0044] 4. High applicability: The device has a modular structure that can be adapted to observation chambers of different shapes and various experimental needs. It can be used for basic quantum fluid research and can also be extended to the fields of low temperature measurement, superconducting devices and quantum computing cooling.

[0045] 5. Closed-loop data feedback: The control system enables closed-loop adjustment between experimental parameters and observation results, greatly improving experimental repeatability and automation. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to the present invention.

[0048] In the diagram: 1-Pressure relief evacuation port, 2-Throttle valve and control element, 3-Pressure relief butterfly valve, 4-Pressure relief pump set, 5-Control system, 6-Liquid helium chamber evacuation port, 7-Vacuum chamber cold screen, 8-77K cold screen, 9-4K cold screen, 10-High-speed camera, 11-Viewing window, 12-Heater, 13-Observation room, 14-Quantum vortex, 15-Motion grid, 16-1K cold plate, 17-Chiller unit, 18-Compressor, 19-Liquid helium chamber, 20-Circulation pump set, 21-Refrigerator cold head, 22-Motor, 23-Injection port for tracer particles or helium. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the features in the following embodiments and implementation methods can be combined with each other.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, a precise control device for quantum vortices in superfluid helium includes a cryogenic production and maintenance system, a shielding and vacuum system, a pressure and pumping system, and a quantum vortex generation and observation system, all of which are coordinated by a control system 5.

[0052] The cryogenic production and maintenance system mainly consists of a compressor 18, a chiller unit 17, a refrigeration unit cold head 21, and a liquid helium chamber 19, used for cooling and liquefying helium. The shielding and vacuum system includes a vacuum chamber cold shield 7, a 77 K cold shield 8, and a 4 K cold shield 9. The pressure and evacuation system includes a pressure-reducing evacuation port 1 for the observation chamber, a pressure-reducing butterfly valve 3, and a pressure-reducing pump unit 4, used for controlling the evacuation and pressure reduction of the observation chamber. The observation and execution unit includes an observation chamber 13 with a viewing window 11, a heater 12 arranged inside the observation chamber, a moving grid 15 driven by a motor 22, an injection port 23 for tracer particles or helium, and a high-speed camera 10.

[0053] Compressor 18 works in conjunction with chiller unit 17 to drive the refrigeration unit's cold head 21, achieving efficient helium liquefaction. The liquid helium chamber 19 employs a vacuum-welded structure made of oxygen-free copper or stainless steel, with its inner wall polished to reduce heat radiation absorption. The liquid helium is further cooled after being throttled by a throttling valve and control element 2; the throttling orifice diameter is preferably 0.3mm to 0.8mm, achieving a temperature drop to approximately 1K. The cooled air is transferred to the 1K cold plate 16, stabilizing its temperature within the range of 1.0K to 1.3K. The gas produced after liquid helium evaporation is extracted by circulating pump unit 20 through the liquid helium chamber evacuation port 6, pre-cooled, and then reintroduced into the liquid helium chamber 19, forming a helium-liquid helium circulation loop to maintain thermal balance in the low-temperature environment.

[0054] To reduce external heat load, the system is equipped with a multi-level shielding structure, including a vacuum chamber cold shield 7, a 77K cold shield 8, and a 4K cold shield 9. The vacuum chamber cold shield 7 is located on the outermost layer of the system, forming a thermal insulation space with the external vacuum chamber to isolate thermal radiation from the external environment. The 77K cold shield 8 is located inside the vacuum chamber cold shield 7, using a cold finger connected to the intermediate stage of the refrigerator for cooling, to absorb the first layer of radiant heat from the outside. The 4K cold shield 9 is located on the innermost layer, forming a closed shielding cavity around the liquid helium chamber 19 and the observation chamber 13, directly connected to the low-temperature end of the refrigerator's cold head 21, to suppress radiant heat and conductive heat transfer below 4K. The multi-level cold shields are supported and isolated by aluminum alloy brackets and low thermal conductivity insulating pads, forming a coaxially distributed nested structure. The preferred spacing between the cold shields is 10–30 mm to balance thermal insulation and space utilization. The overall vacuum level can be maintained at 10. -5 Below Pa. Each level of cold screen is equipped with a light-transmitting window 11, which is made of multi-layer coated sapphire glass, which can effectively suppress infrared radiation and ensure the transparency of the imaging channel of the high-speed camera.

[0055] The pressure and evacuation system mainly includes a pressure-reducing evacuation port 1 for the observation room, a pressure-reducing butterfly valve 3, and a pressure-reducing pump assembly 4. The pressure-reducing pump assembly 4 consists of a multi-stage molecular pump and a mechanical pump, capable of reducing pressure from atmospheric pressure to 10... -2The controllable pressure reduction range of Pa. By adjusting the opening degree of the pressure reducing butterfly valve 3 and the pumping speed of the pump group, the superfluid helium in the observation chamber 13 can be switched between saturated and supercooled states.

[0056] The observation chamber 13 is preferably made of stainless steel or high-strength quartz glass, and its inner diameter can be selected from 30mm to 60mm according to experimental requirements, with an internal volume of approximately 50 to 200mL. The bottom of the observation chamber is in close contact with the 1K cold plate 16 to obtain low-temperature cooling, and the outer wall is sealed by vacuum welding. The observation chamber 13 is equipped with two independent vortex excitation devices: a heater 12 and a moving grid 15.

[0057] The heater 12 can be made of nichrome wire or constantan wire with a wire diameter of 0.05–0.1 mm, wound into a planar or annular heating element, and fixed to the bottom or side wall of the observation chamber. The power of the heater 12 is adjusted by the control system 5, and its heating power range is 0–200 mW, which can generate a controllable heat flux density in a local area. According to the superfluid helium-2 fluid model, the relationship between constant flow velocity and heat flux density is as follows:

[0058] ;

[0059] In the formula, The density of superfluid helium; Entropy; T For temperature; for superfluids to satisfy energy conservation, the following must be satisfied:

[0060] ;

[0061] In the formula, For normal fluid density; Let be the superfluid density. The velocity difference between the two satisfies:

[0062] ;

[0063] Therefore, precise control can be achieved by adjusting the heating power and distribution. Thus, the linear density of quantum vortexes can be controlled. L According to the empirical formula: Sure.

[0064] The motion grid 15 is installed in the center of the observation chamber and is driven by a motor 22 via a stainless steel shaft to perform reciprocating or sweeping motion. The grid is woven from stainless steel wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm, an aperture of 1–2 mm, and an open area ratio of approximately 40%–60%. The motor 22 is driven by a vacuum magnetic coupling, and the grid vibration frequency can be adjusted within the range of 0–50 Hz, with a maximum displacement amplitude of 5 mm. By changing the grid speed, frequency, and shape, shear flows and vortex structures of different intensities can be generated in superfluid helium, achieving mechanical control over the generation mode of quantum vortices.

[0065] The tracer particle or helium injection port 23 is located above the observation chamber and is used to inject micron-sized particles or helium into the system to assist imaging. The tracer particles can be nitrogen condensate particles or polystyrene microspheres, with a particle size of about 0.5 to 2 μm and a density close to that of liquid helium, which can move with the fluid in the flow field.

[0066] A high-speed camera 10 is mounted outside the observation window, directly aimed at the observation area through the viewing window 11. The camera has a frame rate of 5000–20000 fps and an exposure time of 10–100 μs, enabling real-time visualization and capture of quantum vortices. To avoid interference from low-temperature radiation, the front of the camera is equipped with an optical filter and an infrared cutoff filter.

[0067] Control system 5 is based on a LabVIEW or Python control platform and integrates a heater power control module, a motor drive module, a temperature and pressure sensor acquisition module, and a high-speed camera synchronous triggering module. The system can achieve real-time data acquisition and closed-loop control. The control algorithm calculates the vortex linear density L and its distribution characteristics based on the image analysis results fed back by the high-speed camera, and automatically adjusts the heating power and grid motion parameters to achieve stable and dynamic control of the vortex field.

[0068] In the specific experimental operation, the compressor 18 and the chiller unit 17 were first started to cool the cold head 21 of the refrigerator to 4.2K and liquefy the liquid helium. After the liquid helium entered the 1K cold plate 16 through the throttle valve 2, the system temperature gradually dropped to about 1K. Then the pressure reducing pump unit 4 was started to reduce the pressure in the observation chamber 13 and create a supercooled superfluid helium environment.

[0069] Once the superfluid helium environment is established in the observation chamber, quantum vortices can be generated in the following two ways:

[0070] Thermal drive mode: The control system 5 applies current to the heater 12, causing heat flow in the observation chamber. q A temperature gradient is established; by adjusting the heating power and distribution, relative velocities of different intensities are achieved. Thus controlling the vortex linear density L ;

[0071] Mechanical drive mode: The control motor 22 drives the moving grille 15 to move, generating shear flow or periodic disturbance, inducing vortex generation in superfluid helium;

[0072] The two driving methods can be used individually or in combination to construct complex vortex field distributions or vortex network structures.

[0073] After the quantum vortex is generated, tracer particles are injected into the observation chamber through injection port 23. High-speed camera 10 captures the particle trajectory through viewing window 11, enabling visual observation of the vortex structure and motion process. Through image processing algorithms, the vortex linear density, distribution morphology, and dynamic evolution process can be obtained. Control system 5 adjusts the heater power and grid motion parameters in real time based on the analysis results, achieving closed-loop control and stable maintenance of the vortex field.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system operating temperature is stabilized between 1.3K and 2.17K, the observation chamber pressure is 100–300 Pa, the heating power ranges from 0 to 200 mW, and the grid movement speed ranges from 0 to 0.2 m / s. By reasonably setting the above parameters, the quantum vortex linear density can be achieved at 10... 3 ~10 6 cm -2 The system can be continuously adjusted within a certain range, operates stably, and provides clear and reliable observations.

[0075] In summary, the device provided by this invention has a reasonable structure and stable operation, and can achieve precise control and visualization of quantum vortices in a superfluid helium environment, providing a new experimental platform for quantum fluid dynamics experiments, low-temperature turbulence research and related quantum technologies.

[0076] The embodiments described above provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, additions, and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the compressor (18) and chiller (17) to drive the refrigeration cold head (21) to cool the liquid helium chamber (19) to achieve helium liquefaction; transfer the cooling capacity to the 1 K cold plate (16) through the throttle valve and control element (2), and with the cooperation of the vacuum chamber cold screen (7), 77 K cold screen (8) and 4 K cold screen (9), stabilize the temperature of the observation chamber (13) at 1.3 K to 2.17 K; Step 2: Pressure is regulated through the pressure relief evacuation port (1), pressure relief butterfly valve (3) and pressure relief pump group (4) of the observation room to obtain saturated or supercooled superfluid helium; Step 3: Inject helium into the observation chamber (13) through the injection port (23) and liquefy it into superfluid helium; Step 4: Using a thermally driven mode, control the heater (12) to generate heat flux density in the observation chamber (13). q A temperature gradient is established; by adjusting the heating power and distribution, relative velocity fields of different intensities are achieved. And / or, adopt a mechanical drive mode, with the motor (22) driving the moving grid (15) to move in the superfluid helium, and using the different responses of the normal flow and the superfluid to the boundary to form a relative velocity field; When using thermally driven mode, the velocity of a constant fluid satisfy: ； In the formula, The density of superfluid helium; Entropy; T For temperature; To satisfy the law of conservation of energy, superfluids require velocity... satisfy: ； In the formula, For normal fluid density; It is the density of superfluid; Relative velocity field between normal fluid and superfluid satisfy: ； Step 5: Micron-sized tracer particles are injected through the injection port (23), and the high-speed camera (10) takes pictures and records data through the viewing window (11); Step 6: Based on the image analysis results from the high-speed camera (10), the control system (5) adjusts the heating power, heating area, and grid motion parameters to achieve the target vortex line density and distribution; the control system (5) performs vortex identification and line density estimation based on the image sequence acquired by the high-speed camera (10), and outputs closed-loop control quantities for the heater (12) and motor (22) to achieve the target quantum vortex density. L The formula is as follows: ； in, This is a coefficient related to temperature.

2. The method for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, when using the heat-driven mode, the heat flow is adjusted by changing the power, geometry, and arrangement of the heater (12). q The spatial distribution of the flow can be used to regulate the relative velocity field between normal flow and superflow.

3. The method for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, when the mechanical drive mode is adopted, the intensity and scale of the disturbance introduced by the motion grid (15) are controlled by adjusting the shape, aperture, motion speed and motion amplitude, thereby adjusting the relative velocity field between the normal flow and the superflow.

4. A device for precise control of quantum vortices in superfluid helium, characterized in that, The method for precisely controlling quantum vortices in superfluid helium as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 includes: a cryogenic production and maintenance system, a shielding and vacuum system, a quantum vortex generation and observation system, and a pressure and pumping system, all uniformly and coordinated by the control system (5); In the cryogenic production and maintenance system, the compressor (18) and the chiller unit (17) work together to drive the refrigeration cold head (21) to cool and liquefy the helium in the liquid helium chamber (19); the liquid helium chamber (19) is thermally connected to the 1K cold plate (16) via a throttle valve and control element (2) to achieve further cooling; the liquid helium vapor gas in the liquid helium chamber (19) returns to the liquid helium chamber (19) through the liquid helium chamber evacuation port (6) and the circulation pump unit (20), forming a closed loop circulation; The shielding and vacuum system includes a 4K cold shield (9), a 77K cold shield (8) and a vacuum chamber cold shield (7) arranged from the inside out, each cold shield having a viewing window (11) for optical observation. The quantum vortex generation and observation system includes a high-speed camera (10), an observation chamber (13), and a heater (12) and a motion grid (15) arranged in the observation chamber (13). The motion grid (15) is driven by a motor (22). The observation chamber (13) is provided with an injection port (23) for tracer particles or helium gas. The high-speed camera (10) images the tracer particles in the observation chamber (13) through a viewing window (11). The pressure and exhaust system includes a pressure relief evacuation port (1) connected to the observation room (13), wherein the pressure relief evacuation port (1) is connected to the pressure relief pump group (4) via a pressure relief butterfly valve (3). The control system (5) constructs a relative velocity field of constant flow and superflow in the observation chamber (13) by controlling the heating mode of the heater (12) and / or controlling the motion parameters of the motion grid (15), so as to achieve precise control and observation of the linear density and spatial distribution of quantum vortex.

5. The precise control device for quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low-temperature preparation and maintenance system is used to stabilize the operating temperature of the observation chamber (13) and its connected components within the range of 1.3 K to 2.17 K.

6. The precise control device for quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to claim 4, characterized in that, The observation room (13) is made of glass or stainless steel and is shaped as a cylinder, a cube or a frustum.

7. The precise control device for quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to claim 4, characterized in that, The moving grille (15) is driven by a motor (22) to move in a linear reciprocating or sweeping manner.

8. The precise control device for quantum vortices in superfluid helium according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control system (5) estimates the linear density and distribution of the quantum vortex based on the image data of the high-speed camera (10), and adjusts the control parameters of the heater (12) and the motor (22) in a closed loop accordingly.

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