Waveform processing method, measurement and control system, quantum computer, medium and device

Abstract

The application provides a waveform processing method, a measurement and control system, a quantum computer, a medium and equipment. The method is applied to a first server. The method comprises the following steps: identifying a target operation type corresponding to a target control instruction; converting the target control instruction into a target waveform instruction by using operation parameters, hardware identifiers and instruction conversion rules corresponding to the target operation type; and transmitting the target waveform instruction to a second server, so that the second server compiles the target waveform instruction into actual waveform data. The actual waveform data is used to control or measure an action object in a quantum measurement and control experiment task. The action object comprises a quantum bit and / or a coupler. The application defines operation parameters, hardware identifiers and instruction conversion rules corresponding to each operation type. The user can simply describe the experiment intention, so that the user can more conveniently define and expand a new control instruction, and cross-platform compatibility is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum computing measurement and control technology, and in particular to waveform processing methods, quantum computing measurement and control systems, quantum computers, computer-readable storage media, and computer devices. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum computing, as a development direction of information technology, has attracted widespread research and attention due to its potential advantages in solving specific complex problems. Quantum measurement and control experiments require precise manipulation and measurement of qubits. To achieve this, experimenters need to define and execute various control commands. However, related quantum measurement and control systems fail to provide a simple way to describe experiments; users need to configure complex and lengthy control commands to complete the description of an experiment.

[0003] Based on this, this application provides a waveform processing method, a quantum computing measurement and control system, a quantum computer, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer device to improve related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide waveform processing methods, quantum computing measurement and control systems, quantum computers, computer-readable storage media, and computer devices, enabling users to easily and conveniently describe quantum measurement and control experiments and automatically process and obtain the corresponding actual waveform data.

[0005] The objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a waveform processing method applied to a first server, the method comprising:

[0007] Identify the target operation type corresponding to the target control command; the target operation type is one of multiple operation types.

[0008] Using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifiers, and instruction conversion rules of the target operation type, the target control instruction is converted into a target waveform instruction;

[0009] The target waveform instruction is transmitted to the second server so that the second server compiles the target waveform instruction into actual waveform data. The actual waveform data is used to control or measure the target object in a quantum measurement and control experiment. The target object includes qubits and / or couplers.

[0010] In some embodiments, the plurality of operation types include one or more of scan type, repeat type, measurement type and gate type.

[0011] In some embodiments, the target control instruction includes one or more of operation type identifier, operation time, and target object.

[0012] In some embodiments, the target operation type is a scan type, and the operation parameters corresponding to the scan type include multiple scan variables. The operation parameters corresponding to the scan type also include scan range, scan step size, number of scan points, and one or more from a custom list.

[0013] The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes:

[0014] Identify the target scanning variables and their parameter value configuration information in the target control command; the target scanning variable is one of multiple scanning variables, and the parameter value configuration information includes one or more of the target scanning range, target scanning step size, target scanning point count, and a target custom list;

[0015] The parameter value configuration information is processed to determine one or more parameter values ​​of the target scan variable in the target waveform instruction;

[0016] Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the scan type, the hardware output configuration information in the target waveform command is determined.

[0017] In some embodiments, the target operation type is a repetition type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the repetition type include the identifier of the repetition object, the number of repetitions, and the identifier of the target object. The repetition object includes control instructions and / or combinations of control instructions.

[0018] The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes:

[0019] Identify the identifier of the target repeating object, the number of target repetitions, and the identifier of the target action object in the target manipulation command;

[0020] Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the repetition type and the target action object identifier, the target repetition object is converted into the target waveform instruction;

[0021] Repeat the target waveform command the target number of times.

[0022] In some embodiments, the target operation type is a measurement type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the measurement type include the measurement method, which includes qubit measurement and / or two-state measurement.

[0023] The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes:

[0024] Identify the target measurement method identifier in the target control command;

[0025] Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the measurement type and the identifier of the target measurement method, the target control command is converted into the target waveform command.

[0026] In some embodiments, the target operation type is a gate type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the gate type include a quantum gate identifier, a quantum bit identifier, and waveform parameters;

[0027] The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes:

[0028] Identify the target quantum gate identifier and target quantum bit identifier in the target manipulation command;

[0029] Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the target quantum gate identifier, the target quantum bit identifier, and the target waveform parameters, the target manipulation command is converted into the target waveform command.

[0030] In some embodiments, the operation parameters corresponding to the gate type further include one or more of the scan waveform variable and the waveform timing offset;

[0031] The process of determining the target waveform parameters includes:

[0032] If the target control command includes a waveform parameter identifier, the waveform parameter corresponding to the waveform parameter identifier shall be used as the target waveform parameter; or...

[0033] If the target manipulation command does not contain a waveform parameter identifier, the preset waveform parameter corresponding to the target quantum gate identifier shall be used as the target waveform parameter.

[0034] Secondly, this application provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, the quantum computing measurement and control system comprising:

[0035] The first server is used to execute any of the above methods;

[0036] The second server is used to receive target waveform instructions from the first server; and to compile the target waveform instructions into actual waveform data, which is used to control or measure the target object in a quantum measurement and control experiment, the target object including qubits and / or couplers.

[0037] Thirdly, this application provides a quantum computer, said quantum computer comprising:

[0038] A quantum chip has one or more qubits.

[0039] An environmental support system is used to provide the environment required to process the qubits;

[0040] A quantum operating system is used to receive control commands for a target.

[0041] Any of the above quantum computing measurement and control systems.

[0042] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods described above.

[0043] Fifthly, this application provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement any of the methods described above.

[0044] This application provides a waveform processing method, a quantum computing measurement and control system, a quantum computer, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer device. First, the target operation type corresponding to the target control instruction is identified. Then, using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifiers, and instruction conversion rules for the target operation type, the target control instruction is converted into a target waveform instruction. Next, the target waveform instruction is transmitted to a second server, which compiles the target waveform instruction into actual waveform data. The above embodiments define corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifiers, and instruction conversion rules for each operation type, allowing users to easily describe their experimental intentions. This makes it easier for users to define and extend new control instructions and achieve cross-platform compatibility. Furthermore, it effectively reduces data transmission volume and improves experimental efficiency. From the user's perspective, it simplifies waveform splicing and other operations, allowing users more freedom and flexibility in defining the experimental process, or providing an additional way to define experiments. From an engineering perspective, it compresses the amount of data transmitted in quantum measurement and control experiments (especially in scenarios with large bit counts) and establishes a set of behavioral guidelines as a unified server execution protocol, which helps decouple experiments and hardware, achieving cross-platform compatibility. Attached Figure Description

[0045] This application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a waveform processing method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 2This is a structural block diagram of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0051] Quantum computing, as a development direction of information technology, has attracted widespread research and attention due to its potential advantages in solving specific complex problems. Quantum measurement and control experiments require precise manipulation and measurement of qubits. To achieve this goal, researchers need to define and execute various manipulation commands, including but not limited to quantum gate operations, measurement operations, scanning operations, and repetition operations.

[0052] When describing a quantum measurement and control experiment, the experimenter's intention might be, for example, "At time T, perform manipulation A on qubits q0 and q1." This description reveals that the information needed to construct the experiment includes the manipulation to be performed, the time corresponding to the manipulation (i.e., the operation time), and the target object of the manipulation. The set of manipulations in an experiment can include measurement operations and data analysis operations specific to the experiment. The data analysis operations are determined based on the processing of the measured data required by the experiment.

[0053] The above is a general description of the "experiment," not a definition of the experiment in terms of hardware modules. When defining experiments in terms of hardware modules, the applicant found that single-bit gates, two-bit gates, and multi-bit gates often only use the XY and Z modules. Reading (or measurement) requires the ADDA module and may also use the XY and Z modules. Resetting can be divided into read chamber reset and qubit reset, both of which may use the XY and Z modules, as well as the DA output unit in the ADDA module. The XY, Z, and ADDA modules all refer to modules defined to generate the corresponding signals. Since a single control command may involve multiple hardware modules, it is difficult to bind the control command to a single hardware module. Describing the experiment directly in terms of these hardware modules would become extremely complex and redundant, and would not be reusable or "cross-platform."

[0054] As can be seen, related quantum computing measurement and control systems require complex and lengthy configuration processes when identifying and executing different types of manipulation commands. Different types of quantum operations (such as scan, repetition, measurement, and gate operations) involve different operating parameters and hardware modules. Manually configuring these parameters and modules is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also prone to errors, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. Secondly, in large-scale quantum bit scenarios, the data transmission volume between different servers of the quantum computing measurement and control system is very large, affecting the efficiency of the experiment. Quantum measurement and control experiments sometimes require the generation of high-frequency analog waveform signals to manipulate qubits. These waveform signals have a huge data volume, placing extremely high demands on the system's transmission and processing capabilities. However, related technologies still have bottlenecks in waveform data transmission and processing, making it difficult to meet the needs of efficient experiments. Furthermore, related quantum computing measurement and control systems lack flexibility and scalability. Users cannot flexibly define and extend new manipulation commands, limiting the diversity and innovation of experiments and making it difficult to meet experimental requirements. In addition, related technologies also face difficulties in hardware adaptation. Different hardware modules may have different interfaces and configuration requirements. Directly describing experiments to the hardware can easily lead to complexity and redundancy in the description, and makes it difficult to achieve cross-platform compatibility. This not only increases the complexity of experimental design and implementation, but also limits the portability and versatility of the experiments. In summary, related technologies face problems such as operational complexity, low efficiency, insufficient flexibility, and difficulty in hardware adaptation in the waveform generation and operation command conversion processes of quantum measurement and control experiments.

[0055] This application embodiment allows users (e.g., experimenters) to predefine experimental description methods. When an experiment is needed, the user provides control commands that conform to the experimental description method. The server converts the control commands into waveform commands according to the predefined command conversion rules, and then compiles the waveform commands into actual waveform data that the hardware module can recognize. The actual waveform data is then synthesized and output by the hardware module or output in real time. This experimental description method is simple and achieves very comprehensive functions.

[0056] The implementation methods of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.

[0057] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a waveform processing method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0058] In order to improve the relevant technology, this application provides a waveform processing method applied to a first server, the method including steps S101 to S103.

[0059] Step S101: Identify the target operation type corresponding to the target control command; the target operation type is one of multiple operation types.

[0060] Step S102: Using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier and instruction conversion rules of the target operation type, the target control instruction is converted into a target waveform instruction.

[0061] Step S103: Transmit the target waveform instruction to the second server so that the second server compiles the target waveform instruction into actual waveform data. The actual waveform data is used to control or measure the target object in a quantum measurement and control experiment. The target object includes qubits and / or couplers.

[0062] The above embodiments do not limit the first server and the second server; both can be server hardware or server software. As an example, the first server can be Monster server software, and the second server can be QStream server software. They can use general or dedicated communication protocols to transmit data. It should be noted that Monster server software and QStream server software are server software with different functionalities; they are essentially server software, and their functions can be customized.

[0063] In quantum measurement and control experiments, waveform processing methods can be used to generate, convert, and optimize electrical signal waveforms for manipulating objects (e.g., qubits or couplers), such as control waveforms and measurement waveforms. Target manipulation instructions are specific instructions defined by the experimenter for manipulating the object, describing the type of operation to be performed and the target object (i.e., the object being manipulated). Various operation types may be performed in quantum measurement and control experiments, and the target operation type is one of them. For each operation type, corresponding operation parameters (which can be one or more), hardware identifiers (identifiers of the involved hardware modules), and instruction conversion rules can be predefined. Operation parameters corresponding to different operation types can be the same or different, partially overlapping or completely non-overlapping; the above embodiments do not impose such limitations. Operation parameters are specific parameters required to perform a particular operation, such as waveform amplitude, frequency, and duration. Hardware identifiers are used to identify specific hardware modules, which are responsible for generating and outputting waveforms for controlling or measuring qubits, such as control waveforms and measurement waveforms. Instruction conversion rules are rules (or methods) for converting manipulation instructions that the hardware cannot recognize into waveform instructions that the specific hardware can execute; instruction conversion rules for each operation type can be predefined. Waveform instructions are specific waveform output instructions generated after control instructions have been processed by instruction conversion rules. They are used to control the hardware to generate corresponding electrical signal waveforms. The prefix "target" in target waveform instructions and target control instructions indicates that target waveform instructions correspond to target control instructions. Specifically, one target control instruction can correspond to one or more target waveform instructions. For example, a scan-type target control instruction can be processed by instruction conversion rules to obtain target waveform instructions corresponding to multiple scan points. Actual waveform data can be used to synthesize or output specific electrical signal waveforms in real time through hardware modules, for executing the corresponding operations of the target control instructions in quantum measurement and control experiments. One target waveform instruction can be compiled to obtain one or more actual waveform data. For example, assuming the target control instruction's operation type is scan-type, and the first server uses a separate transmission method to transmit the target waveform instruction and scan data to the second server, the second server can use the scan data to process the target waveform instruction, obtaining multiple output waveform instructions, and then compile each output waveform instruction into an actual waveform data.

[0064] In the above embodiments, firstly, the target operation type corresponding to the target manipulation command is identified. Then, using the operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules corresponding to the target operation type, the target manipulation command is converted into a target waveform command. Next, the target waveform command is transmitted to a second server, which compiles the target waveform command into actual waveform data. This actual waveform data is used to control or measure the target object in quantum computing measurement and control experiments; the target object can be a qubit, coupler, etc.

[0065] The above embodiments define corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifiers, and instruction conversion rules for each operation type, allowing users to simply describe their experimental intentions. Users only need to provide control commands. The first server can effectively distinguish and process control commands for different operation types, using corresponding instruction conversion rules and hardware identifiers to process the control commands, ensuring the flexibility and scalability of the experimental description. This allows users to more easily define and extend new control commands and achieve cross-platform compatibility. Specifically, by systematically identifying and processing target operation types and their corresponding operation parameters, the configuration process for different operation types in quantum measurement and control experiments is simplified, configuration errors are reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of the experiments are improved. This not only improves the flexibility and efficiency of quantum measurement and control experiments but also enhances the scalability and versatility of the quantum computing measurement and control system. Furthermore, for each operation type, waveform commands are generated using corresponding instruction conversion rules, simplifying and standardizing waveform generation and control command conversion in quantum measurement and control experiments, effectively reducing data transmission volume and improving experimental efficiency. Through the defined hardware identifiers and instruction conversion rules, efficient adaptation and accurate control of different hardware modules are achieved, ensuring cross-platform compatibility and portability of the experiments. In summary, on the one hand, from the user's perspective, simplifying waveform splicing and other operations allows users to define the experimental process more freely and flexibly, or in other words, provides another way to define the experiment; on the other hand, from an engineering perspective, compressing the amount of data transmitted in quantum measurement and control experiments (especially in scenarios with a large number of bits) and establishing a set of behavioral guidelines as a unified server execution protocol is beneficial for decoupling experiments and hardware and achieving "cross-platform" compatibility.

[0066] In some embodiments, the plurality of operation types may include one or more of scan type, repeat type, measurement type and gate type.

[0067] Scan-type manipulation instructions (also known as scan control instructions) can be used to systematically adjust and record a series of scan variables (also known as scan parameters) in experiments. For example, in quantum measurement and control experiments, scan-type manipulation instructions can be used to apply a series of waveforms with different amplitudes or durations to qubits and measure the results. Repetition-type manipulation instructions (also known as repetition control instructions) can be used to repeatedly execute multiple repetitive operations in a class of experiments. In quantum measurement and control experiments, repetition-type manipulation instructions can be used to execute the same quantum gate operations, measurement operations, etc., multiple times to complete that type of experiment. Measurement-type manipulation instructions (also known as measurement control instructions) can be used to perform measurement operations such as qubit measurement and two-state measurement of quantum systems. Gate-type manipulation instructions (also known as quantum gate control instructions) are used to execute quantum logic gate operations, such as single-qubit gates and multi-qubit gates.

[0068] The above embodiments effectively distinguish and process control commands of different operation types, simplifying the operation type processing process in quantum measurement and control experiments and improving the system's flexibility and scalability. Users can more easily define and extend new operation types, thereby enhancing the experiment's innovation and adaptability. Furthermore, the optimized data processing flow improves the system's efficiency when handling a large number of operation types, ensuring the high efficiency and reliability of quantum measurement and control experiments. These improvements not only enhance the efficiency of experimental design and implementation but also significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.

[0069] In some embodiments, the target control instruction may include one or more of operation type identifier, operation time, and target object.

[0070] The target control instruction contains detailed operational information, such as operation type identifier, operation time, and target object, to guide the hardware module in performing the corresponding operation. The target control instruction includes an operation type identifier to easily identify the corresponding operation type, such as scanning, repetition, measurement, or quantum gate operation. The operation time indicates the specific time point or time period specified in the target control instruction to ensure that the relevant operation is executed accurately within the predetermined time. The target object is the operation object specified in the target control instruction, which can be a qubit or a coupler, serving as the target object of the specific operation. The above embodiment achieves precise control of related operations by employing target control instructions that include operation type identifier, operation time, and target object.

[0071] In some embodiments, the target operation type can be a scan type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the scan type include multiple scan variables, including scan range, scan step size, number of scan points, and one or more from a custom list. The step of converting the target control instruction into a target waveform instruction using the corresponding operation parameters of the target operation type, hardware identifier, and instruction conversion rules includes: identifying the target scan variable and its parameter value configuration information in the target control instruction; the target scan variable is one of multiple scan variables, and the parameter value configuration information includes the target scan range, target scan step size, target number of scan points, and one or more from a target custom list; processing the parameter value configuration information to determine one or more parameter values ​​of the target scan variable in the target waveform instruction; and determining the hardware output configuration information in the target waveform instruction based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the scan type.

[0072] The corresponding operation parameters for a scan type are, for example, a set of parameters related to the scan operation, including multiple scan variables, scan range, scan step size, number of scan points, and a custom list. These parameters define the specific execution method and range of the scan operation. Scan variables refer to parameters adjusted during the scan operation, which can be any defined waveform parameters or hardware parameters, such as frequency, duration, amplitude, and phase.

[0073] The scan range defines the numerical range of the scan variable, such as the interval between the lowest value (also known as the starting point) and the highest value (also known as the ending point). It can be represented by a tuple data structure. The scan step can be used in conjunction with the scan range to characterize the amount of change of the scan variable at each step, determining the fineness of the scan. It can be represented by an integer data structure. The number of scan points can be used in conjunction with the scan range and represents the total number of points to be scanned during the scan process, i.e., how many adjustments and measurements are performed. It can be represented by a uint32 (32-bit unsigned integer) data structure. The custom list (seq) is a list of user-defined scan variable values, allowing users to specify specific scan values ​​instead of varying at a fixed step size. As an example, assuming the scan variable is duration (in microseconds or nanoseconds), the corresponding scan range is (20, 80), and the scan step size is 2.5. As another example, assuming the scan variable is amplitude, the corresponding scan range is (0, 1), and the number of scan points is 40. As another example, assuming the scan variable is frequency, the corresponding custom list would be something like [5000, 5020, 5126, 5161, 5233, ...].

[0074] In other words, for scan-type control commands (also known as SWEEP statements), corresponding operation type identifiers (e.g., SWEEP), operation parameters, hardware identifiers (e.g., X module, Z module, ADDA module), and command conversion rules can be defined. Conversion rules can be represented using function or method class templates. Hardware identifiers are used to identify the hardware modules involved in the scan operation. Hardware output configuration information includes, for example, hardware modules indicating output waveforms and related output configuration parameters. Specifically, the X module, or XY control module, can be connected to the XY control signal input interface of the qubit via the XY control signal link (in the quantum measurement and control link); the Z module, or Z control module, can be connected to the Z control signal input interface of the qubit via the Z control signal link (in the quantum measurement and control link); and the ADDA module, or digital-to-analog converter module, can convert between digital and analog signals.

[0075] As an example, assuming the target scan variable is the duration, in the parameter value configuration information, the target scan range is (20,30), the target scan step size is 2.5, and multiple parameter values ​​for the duration are obtained, namely 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, and 30.

[0076] In some embodiments, multiple scan variables can be scanned simultaneously in a single quantum measurement and control experiment, with each scan variable corresponding to a scan type manipulation command. That is, it supports scanning multiple scan variables simultaneously in a single experiment, but requires multiple SWEEP statements. As an example, the SWEEP statements corresponding to a single experiment are as follows: SWEEP$time,range=(20,80),step=2.5;SWEEP$amp,range=(0,1),points=40;SWEEP$freq,seq=[5000,5020,5126,5161,5233,…].

[0077] In the above embodiments, for scan-type operations, the target scan variable and its parameter value configuration information in the target control command are identified. The target scan variable is one of multiple scan variables, and the parameter value configuration information includes one or more of the target scan range, target scan step size, target scan point count, and a target custom list. Next, the parameter value configuration information is processed to determine one or more parameter values ​​of the target scan variable in the target waveform command. Furthermore, based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the scan type, the hardware output configuration information in the target waveform command is determined. Through these steps, the target control command is converted into a target waveform command. The above embodiments simplify the parameter configuration process, reduce configuration errors, and improve operational accuracy by identifying and processing the target scan variable and its parameter value configuration information. Simultaneously, it supports multiple parameter setting methods such as scan range, scan step size, scan point count, and custom lists, enhancing the flexibility and diversity of experiments. Furthermore, determining the hardware output configuration information in the target waveform command based on the hardware identifier enables efficient adaptation and accurate control of different hardware modules, improving the efficiency and reliability of the scan operation.

[0078] In some embodiments, the target operation type can be a repetition type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the repetition type include the identifier of the repetition object, the number of repetitions, and the identifier of the target object. The repetition object includes a control command and / or a combination of control commands. The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters of the target operation type, the hardware identifier, and the command conversion rules includes: identifying the identifier of the target repetition object, the target number of repetitions, and the target target object identifier in the target control command; converting the target repetition object into the target waveform command based on the corresponding hardware identifier of the repetition type and the target target object identifier; and repeating the target waveform command the target number of repetitions.

[0079] In the corresponding operation parameters for the repetition type, the identifier of the repetition object is used to identify the defined control instruction or combination of control instructions (including multiple control instructions) that needs to be executed repeatedly, and can be a string (str) data structure. That is, it supports repetition of a single control instruction or a list of instructions. The repetition count refers to the number of times the target control instruction is executed, and can be an int (integer) data structure. The target object identifier is used to identify the qubit or coupler that the target control instruction acts on, and can be a string (str) data structure.

[0080] In other words, for repetitive manipulation instructions (also known as REPEAT statements), you can define their corresponding operation type identifier (e.g., REPEAT), operation parameters, hardware identifier (e.g., X module, Z module, ADDA module), and instruction conversion rules. As an example, the REPEAT statement is: REPEAT[X,-X]7q0.

[0081] In the above embodiments, the identifier of the target repeating object, the target repetition count, and the identifier of the target action object in the target control command are identified. Then, based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the repetition type and the identifier of the target action object, the target repeating object is converted into a target waveform command. Next, the target waveform command is repeated a target number of times, realizing the repetition of one or more control commands multiple times, such as in an APE (Amplified Phase Error) experiment. The above embodiments simplify the configuration process of repetitive operations by identifying and processing the identifier of the target repeating object, the target repetition count, and the identifier of the target action object, reducing the complexity of manual configuration and improving the accuracy of operation. Simultaneously, they support the automated execution of multiple repetitive operations, enhancing the flexibility and diversity of experiments.

[0082] In some embodiments, the target operation type can be a measurement type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the measurement type include a measurement method, which includes qubit measurement and / or two-state measurement. The step of converting the target manipulation command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters of the target operation type, hardware identifier, and instruction conversion rules includes: identifying the identifier of the target measurement method in the target manipulation command; and converting the target manipulation command into the target waveform command based on the hardware identifier of the measurement type and the identifier of the target measurement method.

[0083] In the corresponding operation parameters for the measurement type, the measurement method refers to the specific measurement method used in the measurement operation, such as the measurement of a single or multiple qubits, two-state measurement, etc., and can be represented by a string (str) data structure. That is, the above embodiment supports qubit measurement and two-state measurement (also known as 2-state readout). Two-state measurement is the measurement of a qubit in the excited state |2>.

[0084] In other words, for measurement-type manipulation instructions (also known as MEASURE statements), corresponding operation type identifiers (e.g., MEASURE), operation parameters, hardware identifiers (e.g., X module, coupler control module, Z module, ADDA module), and instruction conversion rules can be defined. As an example, the MEASURE statement for qubit measurement is: MEASURE q[0], c[0]. As another example, the MEASURE statement for two-state measurement is: MEASURE q0, q1 2. The above embodiments simplify the configuration process of measurement operations by identifying the identifier of the target measurement method and utilizing the instruction conversion rules and hardware identifiers of the measurement type, thus achieving efficient hardware configuration and operation execution.

[0085] In some embodiments, the target operation type can be a gate type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the gate type include a quantum gate identifier, a qubit identifier, and waveform parameters. The step of converting the target manipulation instruction into a target waveform instruction using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and instruction conversion rules of the target operation type includes: identifying the target quantum gate identifier and target qubit identifier in the target manipulation instruction; and converting the target manipulation instruction into the target waveform instruction based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the target quantum gate identifier, the target qubit identifier, and the target waveform parameters.

[0086] In the operation parameters corresponding to the gate type, the quantum gate identifier is used to identify a specific quantum gate. Quantum gates include, for example, X gates, X2 gates, Z gates, CZ gates, and I gates, with corresponding quantum gate identifiers such as X, X2, Z, CZ, and I. The qubit identifier is used to identify the target qubit for performing the quantum gate operation and can be a string (str) data structure. Waveform parameters can include waveform functions and other predefined waveform parameters. The waveform function (type) can support "classes," that is, abstract methods implemented using waveform class templates. As an example, each quantum gate corresponds to a preset waveform, and each waveform corresponds to preset waveform parameters. If the user does not specify waveform parameters in the control command, the preset waveform parameters can be used.

[0087] In some embodiments, the corresponding operating parameters of the gate type may further include one or more of the scan waveform variable and the waveform timing offset.

[0088] The scan waveform variables ($[pulse parameters]) are scan variables related to waveform parameters, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase. The waveform timing offset (p_offset) refers to the fine-tuning of the time axis of the waveform signal (i.e., the electrical signal waveform) to ensure precise timing control of quantum gate operations. For example, positive numbers represent delays, and negative numbers represent advances. The waveform timing offset can be a floating-point number (float) data structure.

[0089] In some embodiments, the process of determining the target waveform parameters may include: if the target control instruction includes a waveform parameter identifier, using the waveform parameter corresponding to the waveform parameter identifier as the target waveform parameter; or, if the target control instruction does not include a waveform parameter identifier, using the preset waveform parameter corresponding to the target quantum gate identifier as the target waveform parameter.

[0090] Waveform parameter identifiers are used to identify specific waveform parameters. Waveform parameters define the waveform characteristics required for quantum gate operations, such as waveform shape. Preset waveform parameters are predefined waveform parameters used as the default configuration for specific quantum gate operations.

[0091] For example, for X-gate type manipulation instructions (also known as X statements), their corresponding operation type identifier (e.g., X), operation parameters, hardware identifier (e.g., X module, Z module), and instruction conversion rules can be defined. The preset waveform of the X gate can be a Drag (derivative reduction by adiabatic gate) waveform (e.g., π-pulse), and the waveform parameters of the Drag waveform can be obtained from a database (e.g., a waveform function library). As an example, the X statement can be: X q0. This means that an X gate is applied to the q0 qubit, and the preset waveform parameters of the X gate are used as the target waveform parameters. As another example, the X statement can be: X q0,type = Drag.usr_cos. This X statement contains a waveform parameter identifier (i.e., Drag.usr_cos), which means that an X gate is applied to the q0 qubit, and the waveform parameters of the usr_cos method under the Drag waveform class are used as the target waveform parameters. The usr_cos method can be a user-defined method.

[0092] For X2 gate-type manipulation instructions (also known as X2 statements), their corresponding operation type identifiers (e.g., X2), operation parameters, hardware identifiers (e.g., X module, Z module), and instruction conversion rules can be defined. The preset waveform of an X2 gate can be a drag waveform (e.g., π / 2-pulse). As an example, an X2 statement can be: X2 q0. This means that an X2 gate is applied to the q0 qubit, using the preset waveform parameters of the X2 gate as the target waveform parameters.

[0093] For Z-gate type manipulation instructions (also known as Z-statements), their corresponding operation type identifier (e.g., Z), operation parameters, hardware identifier (e.g., X module, Z module), and instruction conversion rules can be defined. The preset waveform of the Z-gate can be a constant waveform, that is, a constant waveform is applied to the Z control signal link. As an example, a Z-statement can be: Z q1. This means that a Z-gate is applied to the q1 qubit, and the corresponding preset waveform parameters of the Z-gate are used as the target waveform parameters.

[0094] For CZ gate-type manipulation instructions (also known as CZ statements), their corresponding operation type identifiers (e.g., CZ), operation parameters, hardware identifiers (e.g., Z module), and instruction conversion rules can be defined. A CZ gate, for example, adds a flat Gaussian waveform to the Z control signal link of three qubits: qh, qc, and ql. Here, qh, qc, and ql are merely identifiers for the selected qubits and do not distinguish their meanings. As an example, a CZ statement can be: CZq1 q2. This means that the CZ waveform composed of the two qubits q1 and q2 uses the corresponding preset waveform parameters of the CZ gate as the target waveform parameters.

[0095] For I-gate type manipulation instructions (also known as I-statements), their corresponding operation type identifier (e.g., I), operation parameters, hardware identifier (e.g., X module, Z module), and instruction conversion rules can be defined. The preset waveform of the I-gate can be a constant waveform of the same length as the X-gate. As an example, an I-statement can be: I q1. This means that an I-gate is applied to the q1 qubit, using the corresponding preset waveform parameters of the I-gate as the target waveform parameters.

[0096] In the above embodiments, when the target manipulation command includes a waveform parameter identifier, the waveform parameter corresponding to the waveform parameter identifier is used as the target waveform parameter; when the target manipulation command does not include a waveform parameter identifier, the preset waveform parameter corresponding to the quantum gate identifier is used as the target waveform parameter. Furthermore, by identifying and configuring the scan waveform variable and waveform timing offset, the accuracy and optimization effect of the quantum gate operation are ensured. The above embodiments, by determining whether a waveform parameter identifier exists in the target manipulation command, ensure rapid configuration of waveform parameters, allowing users to customize waveform parameters not found in the database, thus improving the reliability and scalability of the quantum gate operation. Secondly, it supports flexible configuration of the scan waveform variable and waveform timing offset, enhancing the flexibility and optimization capability of the experiment. Furthermore, by precisely controlling the waveform timing offset, highly accurate timing control is achieved, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the quantum gate operation.

[0097] In a specific application scenario, suppose a user finds that the operation types defined in the control instruction set cannot meet their needs, they can create a new operation type. Assuming the user creates an operation type called "XCross," the creation process can include the following steps: First, the user defines the name of the new operation type, such as "XCross." Next, if "XCross" requires a new waveform function (the existing waveform function library cannot meet the requirements), the user can define a custom waveform class, such as CosineDrag, and then implement the abstract method (i.e., the abstract method) that CosineDrag must implement, based on the waveform class template of the Monster server software. The Monster server software can provide an "InstructionMap" container as an instruction mapping table, registering (or storing) the created XCross and its related information in the InstructionMap. Then, when monster compiles manipulation instructions of type "XCross" (referred to as XCross instructions), it can automatically load relevant information from the InstructionMap and then parse the XCross instructions into FakePulse (i.e., waveform instructions) or RealPulse (i.e., actual waveform data).

[0098] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0099] This application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, which includes a first server and a second server. The first server is used to execute any of the methods described above. The second server is used to receive a target waveform instruction from the first server; and to compile the target waveform instruction into actual waveform data. The actual waveform data is used to control or measure the target object in a quantum measurement and control experimental task, and the target object includes qubits and / or couplers.

[0100] This application also provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum chip, an environmental support system, a quantum operating system, and a quantum computing measurement and control system. The quantum chip has one or more qubits. The environmental support system provides the environment required to process the qubits. The quantum operating system receives target manipulation commands.

[0101] This application also provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum chip, an environmental support system, a quantum operating system, and a quantum computing measurement and control system. The quantum chip has one or more qubits. The environmental support system provides the environment required to process the qubits. The quantum operating system receives control commands.

[0102] As an example, a quantum computer can be a superconducting quantum computer or a semiconductor quantum computer, a quantum chip can be a superconducting quantum chip or a semiconductor quantum chip, and a qubit can be a superconducting qubit or a semiconductor qubit.

[0103] The above embodiments do not limit the number of qubits on the quantum chip, which can be, for example, 6, 12, 24, 65, 72, 128, 256, etc.

[0104] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above methods.

[0105] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods described above.

[0106] The computer program product may be in the form of a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the computer program product of this application is not limited thereto, and the computer program product may be in any combination of one or more computer-readable media.

[0107] This application also provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the methods described above.

[0108] In some embodiments, the computer equipment may employ a distributed architecture.

[0109] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0110] The computer device may include: a memory 110, a processor 120, and a communication interface 130. The memory 110, the processor 120, and the communication interface 130 are connected through internal connection paths.

[0111] The memory 110 is used to store computer programs, which in some implementations may include code for implementing the methods of the embodiments of this application.

[0112] The processor 120 executes the computer program stored in the memory 110 to control the communication interface 130 to receive input data and information, and output operation results and other data. In some implementations, when the solutions of the embodiments of this application are implemented by software or firmware, the computer program used to implement the solutions of the embodiments of this application can be stored in the processor 120 and executed by the processor 120.

[0113] The memory 110 may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM). It should be noted that the memory 110 described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, any memory of these and other suitable types. As an example, the memory 110 includes random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 110 stores a computer program that can be executed by processor 120, causing processor 120 to implement the steps of any of the methods described above.

[0114] The processor 120 can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor 120 can be any conventional processor.

[0115] In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry of the hardware in the processor 120 or by instructions in software form. The method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by the hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor 120. The software modules can be located in mature storage media in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in the memory 110, and the processor 120 reads the information in the memory 110 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0116] In some implementations, in addition to the hardware units described above, computer devices may also include software modules, such as operating systems, basic input / output systems (BIOS), and application software.

[0117] An operating system is used to manage the hardware and / or software resources of a computer device; it is the kernel and foundation of the computer. The operating system handles fundamental tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of system resource allocation, controlling input and output devices, operating the network, and managing the file system. To facilitate user operation, most operating systems provide a user interface for interaction with the system.

[0118] The BIOS is used to perform hardware initialization during the power-on boot phase and to provide runtime services for the operating system and applications. In some implementations, the BIOS can also monitor and display processor temperature and execute temperature protection strategies.

[0119] Application software, also known as an application program, can be understood as software written for a specific user application purpose, and is one of the main categories of computer software. For example, application software can be a program used to achieve purposes such as power control and temperature management.

[0120] It is understood that the specific examples in this specification are only intended to help those skilled in the art better understand the implementation of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0121] It is understood that in the various embodiments of this specification, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of this application.

[0122] It is understood that the various implementation methods described in this specification can be implemented individually or in combination, and this application does not limit them.

[0123] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this specification. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" as used in this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this specification.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the embodiments described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0126] In the several embodiments provided in this specification, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0127] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the technical solution in this application, depending on actual needs.

[0128] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this specification can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0129] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this specification, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this specification. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0130] The above are merely specific embodiments described in this specification, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A waveform processing method characterized by, Applied to the first server, the method includes: Identify the target operation type corresponding to the target control command; the target operation type is one of multiple operation types. Using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifiers, and instruction conversion rules of the target operation type, the target control instruction is converted into a target waveform instruction; The target waveform instruction is transmitted to the second server so that the second server compiles the target waveform instruction into actual waveform data. The actual waveform data is used to control or measure the target object in a quantum measurement and control experiment. The target object includes qubits and / or couplers. The target control instruction is a defined specific instruction used to control the target object, and the target control instruction includes one or more of the following: operation type identifier, operation time, and target object; The instruction conversion rule is a rule that converts target control instructions that the hardware cannot recognize into target waveform instructions that can be executed by specific hardware. The target waveform instruction is a specific waveform output instruction generated after the target control instruction has been processed by the instruction conversion rule, and is used to control the hardware to generate the corresponding electrical signal waveform.

2. The waveform processing method of claim 1, wherein The multiple operation types include one or more of scan type, repeat type, measurement type and gate type.

3. The waveform processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target operation type is a scan type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the scan type include multiple scan variables, and the corresponding operation parameters of the scan type also include scan range, scan step size, number of scan points and one or more from a custom list; The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes: Identify the target scanning variables and their parameter value configuration information in the target control command; the target scanning variable is one of multiple scanning variables, and the parameter value configuration information includes one or more of the target scanning range, target scanning step size, target scanning point count, and a target custom list; The parameter value configuration information is processed to determine one or more parameter values ​​of the target scan variable in the target waveform instruction; Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the scan type, the hardware output configuration information in the target waveform command is determined.

4. The waveform processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target operation type is a repetitive type. The corresponding operation parameters of the repetitive type include the identifier of the repetitive object, the number of repetitions, and the identifier of the target object. The repetitive object includes control instructions and / or combinations of control instructions. The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes: Identify the identifier of the target repeating object, the number of target repetitions, and the identifier of the target action object in the target manipulation command; Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the repetition type and the target action object identifier, the target repetition object is converted into the target waveform instruction; Repeat the target waveform command the target number of times.

5. The waveform processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target operation type is a measurement type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the measurement type include the measurement method, which includes qubit measurement and / or two-state measurement. The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes: Identify the target measurement method identifier in the target control command; Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the measurement type and the identifier of the target measurement method, the target control command is converted into the target waveform command.

6. The waveform processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target operation type is a gate type, and the corresponding operation parameters of the gate type include quantum gate identifier, quantum bit identifier, and waveform parameters; The step of converting the target control command into a target waveform command using the corresponding operation parameters, hardware identifier, and command conversion rules of the target operation type includes: Identify the target quantum gate identifier and target quantum bit identifier in the target manipulation command; Based on the hardware identifier corresponding to the target quantum gate identifier, the target quantum bit identifier, and the target waveform parameters, the target manipulation command is converted into the target waveform command.

7. The waveform processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The corresponding operation parameters for the gate type also include one or more of the scan waveform variable and waveform timing offset; The process of determining the target waveform parameters includes: If the target control command includes a waveform parameter identifier, the waveform parameter corresponding to the waveform parameter identifier shall be used as the target waveform parameter; or, If the target manipulation command does not contain a waveform parameter identifier, the preset waveform parameter corresponding to the target quantum gate identifier shall be used as the target waveform parameter.

8. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, The quantum computing measurement and control system includes: A first server is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-7; The second server is used to receive target waveform instructions from the first server; and to compile the target waveform instructions into actual waveform data, which is used to control or measure the target object in a quantum measurement and control experiment, the target object including qubits and / or couplers.

9. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The quantum computer includes: A quantum chip has one or more qubits. An environmental support system is used to provide the environment required to process the qubits; A quantum operating system is used to receive control commands for a target. The quantum computing measurement and control system as described in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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