A passive compost ventilation structure with layered oxygen supply function and a use method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to composting device technical field, disclose a kind of unpowered composting ventilation structure with layered oxygen supply function and method for using, including composting box;Layered flow guide component, including main pipe and several flow guides, composting box is divided into several composting cavities by several partition plates, several flow guides are respectively arranged in several composting cavities, and several flow guides are respectively communicated with main pipe;Ventilation component, including ventilation piece and auxiliary part, auxiliary part is arranged in main pipe and one end is inserted into flow guide, ventilation piece is arranged at the top of composting box, the top of main pipe is communicated with ventilation piece and protrudes from composting box, auxiliary part is connected with ventilation piece;Adjusting piece, it is arranged on composting box, for adjusting the air intake of composting box bottom end inlet, the air flow efficiency of ventilation system in composting technology is improved, energy consumption is reduced, structure is simple, without manual participation, applicable to various scenes under aerobic composting processing, shorten composting cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composting equipment technology, and in particular to a non-powered composting ventilation structure and its method of use with stratified oxygen supply function. Background Technology

[0002] Aerobic composting technology, as a core means of resource utilization of organic waste, directly affects the activity of microorganisms and the quality of composting through its ventilation and oxygen supply efficiency. Traditional composting ventilation systems mostly rely on electrically driven forced ventilation equipment, which suffers from high energy consumption, high noise, and high maintenance costs, making it difficult to balance economy and environmental protection, especially in large-scale applications. Although some non-powered ventilation structures attempt to utilize the thermal pressure difference of composting or natural wind to achieve airflow circulation, significant technical bottlenecks still exist in practical applications: First, ventilation efficiency is low. In deep composting areas, due to high oxygen diffusion resistance, an anaerobic environment is easily formed, leading to decreased fermentation efficiency and odor generation. Second, the ventilation dynamics of non-powered structures are unstable. For example, traditional non-powered ventilation caps rely solely on a single thermal pressure difference, making insufficient use of natural wind energy. When there is still wind, low temperature, or insufficient thermal pressure difference during the composting cooling and maturation periods, effective ventilation within the compost material is difficult to achieve. Third, temperature control relies on manual intervention. Insufficient oxygen supply during high-temperature periods (>55℃) can easily lead to microbial inactivation, while excessive ventilation during low-temperature periods leads to heat loss, making it difficult to maintain the optimal fermentation temperature range. Fourth, filter clogging is a prominent problem. Fine particles generated during composting easily adhere to the guide holes, causing a surge in ventilation resistance after long-term operation.

[0003] In existing technologies, some layered flow design attempts to improve oxygen distribution through multi-stage pipelines, but due to the uniform pipe diameter and lack of linkage mechanism with ventilation power, deep oxygen supply is still insufficient, especially when the thermal pressure difference of composting is insufficient, the problem of insufficient oxygen supply to deep materials is more prominent.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a non-powered composting ventilation structure and its usage method with stratified oxygen supply to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a non-powered composting ventilation structure and its usage method with stratified oxygen supply function, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method of use with stratified oxygen supply function, comprising:

[0007] Compost container;

[0008] The layered flow guiding assembly includes a main pipe and several flow guiding components. The composting box is divided into several composting chambers by several partition plates. Several flow guiding components are respectively arranged in several composting chambers and are respectively connected to the main pipe.

[0009] A ventilation assembly includes a ventilation component and an auxiliary component. The auxiliary component is disposed inside the main duct and one end extends into the flow guide. The ventilation component is disposed at the top of the composting box. The top end of the main duct extends out of the composting box and communicates with the ventilation component. The auxiliary component is connected to the ventilation component.

[0010] An adjusting component is provided on the composting box body to adjust the air intake volume at the bottom air inlet of the composting box body.

[0011] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function is provided. The flow guide includes a plurality of flow guide pipes. One end of the plurality of flow guide pipes is fixedly connected to the main pipe along the circumference and communicates with the main pipe. The flow guide pipes extend into the composting chamber, and the other end of the flow guide pipes is a closed end. A plurality of flow guide holes are opened on the flow guide pipes. The flow guide pipes communicate with the composting chamber through the flow guide holes. Filter screens are installed on the flow guide holes.

[0012] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function are provided. The auxiliary components include a first support frame fixedly connected in the main pipe, a first rotating shaft rotatably connected to the first support frame, and a plurality of transmission components arranged axially on the first rotating shaft. A second support frame is fixedly connected in the guide pipe, a second rotating shaft rotatably connected to the second support frame, the second rotating shaft being connected to the first rotating shaft through the transmission components, and a plurality of auxiliary plates arranged axially on the second rotating shaft.

[0013] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function is provided, wherein the transmission component includes a first transmission gear fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft, and a second transmission gear fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, the second transmission gear meshing with the first transmission gear.

[0014] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with layered oxygen supply function is provided. The auxiliary plate is a frame structure with a through hole in the middle. A fan blade is fixedly connected in the through hole. A cleaning brush is fixedly connected to the end of the auxiliary plate away from the second rotating shaft. The cleaning brush is in contact with the filter screen.

[0015] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function is provided. The ventilation component includes a support frame fixedly connected to the top of the composting box, a ventilation duct fixedly connected to the support frame, the top end of the main duct extending out of the composting box and communicating with the bottom end of the ventilation duct, a non-powered ventilation cap fixedly connected to the top end of the ventilation duct, and the top end of the first rotating shaft fixedly connected to the middle part of the non-powered ventilation cap.

[0016] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function is provided. The regulating component includes a temperature control valve installed on the air inlet. A temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the composting box body. The detection end of the temperature sensor extends into the composting box body. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the temperature control valve.

[0017] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function is provided. The top of the support frame is rotatably connected to a support rod, the top of the support rod is fixedly connected to a wind vane, a fixed frame is fixedly connected to the support rod, and two guide plates are fixedly connected to the fixed frame. The two guide plates are in a figure-eight shape, the wide ends of the two guide plates face the direction indicated by the wind vane, and the narrow ends of the two guide plates face the non-powered ventilation cap.

[0018] According to the present invention, a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with layered oxygen supply function is provided. The inner diameter of the guide pipes on the plurality of guide members increases from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the uppermost guide pipe is 4mm-6mm, and the inner diameter of the lowermost guide pipe is 8mm-12mm.

[0019] The guide pipe is inclined, with its highest end connected to the main pipe, and the angle between its lowest end and the horizontal plane is 15°-30°.

[0020] A method for using a non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function includes the following steps:

[0021] Installation preparation stage: Insert the partition plate vertically into the composting box to form multiple independent composting chambers; install the flow guide in each composting chamber horizontally and seal all the flow guides to the corresponding interfaces on the side wall of the main pipe; insert the auxiliary parts into the main pipe to ensure that their lower ends extend into the interior of each flow guide to form an air guide channel;

[0022] Material feeding stage: The composting material is fed into each composting chamber in layers from bottom to top, with the thickness of each layer not exceeding 2 / 3 of the height of the partition plate; ventilation components are laid on the surface of the top layer of material, and the top of the main pipe is sealed to the air outlet of the ventilation component.

[0023] Ventilation adjustment stage: Adjust the opening of the air inlet using the adjustment components to control the initial air intake volume at 0.1-0.3 m³ / min·m²; observe the temperature sensor data of each composting chamber; when the temperature of a certain layer exceeds 65℃, increase the air guide cross section of the corresponding auxiliary component for that layer; when the overall compost temperature drops below 40℃, gradually close the adjustment components of the lower layer to reduce the air intake volume.

[0024] Operation and maintenance phase: Check the auxiliary components in the main pipeline weekly for material blockage, and use compressed air to back purge if necessary; clean the ventilation filter screen monthly and replace the damaged guide seal ring; after the composting cycle is over, fully open the regulating component for forced ventilation and drying until the material moisture content is below 30%.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0026] 1. This invention provides a non-powered composting ventilation structure and method with stratified oxygen supply function. During use, the composting chamber is used for composting. Several guide components connect to the main pipe, utilizing the rising airflow generated during composting to create a negative pressure oxygen absorption effect, which is then discharged through the main pipe. Simultaneously, ventilation components and auxiliary components improve airflow efficiency, working in conjunction with the air inlet to achieve airflow and realize non-powered ventilation. Adjustable components regulate the airflow to ensure accelerated heat dissipation and oxygen replenishment during high temperatures, and to prevent excessive heat loss during low-temperature periods, maintaining the duration of the high-temperature composting period. This application improves airflow in the ventilation system of composting technology, reduces energy consumption, has a simple structure, requires no manual intervention, is suitable for aerobic composting in various scenarios, and shortens the composting cycle.

[0027] 2. This invention provides a non-powered composting ventilation structure with tiered oxygen supply. The wind vane automatically aligns with the natural wind direction, driving the guide plate to adjust its angle and introducing natural wind into the ventilation duct. This increases the rotation speed of the non-powered ventilation cap. The combination of the ventilation duct and the non-powered ventilation cap amplifies the thermal pressure difference effect, improving the efficiency of natural oxygen convection. A transmission component drives an auxiliary plate to rotate. As the auxiliary plate rotates, the fan blades disturb the local airflow. The guide pipe is tilted, and its inner diameter increases progressively from top to bottom, enhancing the contact efficiency between oxygen and compost. A cleaning brush rotates with the auxiliary plate, automatically cleaning impurities adhering to the filter screen surface to prevent clogging, keeping the guide holes unobstructed, and attracting more oxygen through the guide holes into the deeper layers of the compost, solving the problem of insufficient oxygen supply in traditional non-powered composting. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered flow guiding component structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary plate structure of the present invention;

[0035] The components include: 1. Compost box body; 2. Main pipe; 3. Partition plate; 4. Composting chamber; 5. Air inlet; 6. Guide pipe; 7. Guide hole; 8. Filter screen; 9. First support frame; 10. First rotating shaft; 11. Second support frame; 12. Second rotating shaft; 13. Auxiliary plate; 14. First transmission gear; 15. Second transmission gear; 16. Through hole; 17. Fan blade; 18. Cleaning brush; 19. Support frame; 20. Ventilation duct; 21. Non-powered ventilation cap; 22. Temperature control valve; 23. Temperature sensor; 24. Support rod; 25. Wind vane; 26. Fixing frame; 27. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] In related technologies, composting is an important means of treating and utilizing organic waste. Based on the oxygen content and supply method, composting can be divided into anaerobic composting, facultative composting, and aerobic composting, with facultative and aerobic composting being the most prevalent. Facultative composting, often called non-powered aerated composting, is a process of harmless treatment through natural ventilation and fermentation under open conditions. Aerobic composting refers to the process of decomposing organic matter into stable substances through vigorous microbial activity under artificially forced ventilation. Compared to aerobic composting, facultative composting does not require additional aeration. It has advantages such as low investment cost, simple operation, and low energy consumption, and is more widely used in small and medium-sized livestock farms and rural areas.

[0039] A non-powered ventilated composting device and process are disclosed in related technologies, including an outer shell, an inner shell on the inner side of the outer shell, and a gap between the inner shell and the outer shell. A porous chimney is located inside the outer shell, positioned on the center line of the outer shell. Symmetrical through holes are arranged along the center line on the sidewalls of the porous chimney, with the through holes evenly distributed at equal intervals. An automatic ventilation fan is located at the top of the porous chimney. This invention employs the aforementioned non-powered ventilated composting device and process, utilizing the chimney effect formed by free air diffusion and the heating due to organic matter degradation. It designs and studies a composting device that requires no additional energy consumption and optimizes the material compounding process, accelerating pathogen inactivation, improving product maturity, and meeting the demand for low-cost, low-emission, rapid, harmless, and resource-based utilization of organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure. While the aforementioned related technologies increase ventilation efficiency by setting up an automatic ventilation fan, this still involves adding external equipment for auxiliary ventilation, thus increasing costs. To solve the above problems, this application proposes the following solution:

[0040] Reference Figures 1-6 This invention provides a non-powered composting ventilation structure and its usage method with stratified oxygen supply function, including:

[0041] Compost container 1;

[0042] The layered flow guiding assembly includes a main pipe 2 and several flow guiding components. The composting box 1 is divided into several composting chambers 4 by several partition plates 3. Several flow guiding components are respectively installed in several composting chambers 4, and several flow guiding components are respectively connected to the main pipe 2.

[0043] The ventilation assembly includes a ventilation component and an auxiliary component. The auxiliary component is installed inside the main pipe 2 and one end extends into the guide component. The ventilation component is installed at the top of the composting box 1. The top of the main pipe 2 extends out of the composting box 1 and communicates with the ventilation component. The auxiliary component is connected to the ventilation component.

[0044] An adjusting component is installed on the composting box 1 to adjust the air intake volume of the air inlet 5 at the bottom of the composting box 1.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, during use, the composting chamber 1 is used for composting. It is connected to the main pipe 2 through several flow guides. The heat generated during the composting process is used to create a negative pressure oxygen absorption effect by the rising airflow. The air is then discharged through the main pipe 2. At the same time, the ventilation and auxiliary components improve the air circulation efficiency and cooperate with the air inlet 5 to achieve air flow and realize non-powered ventilation. The air intake volume is adjusted by the adjustable components to ensure that heat dissipation is accelerated and oxygen is replenished when the temperature is high, and to avoid excessive heat loss during the low temperature period, thus maintaining the duration of the high temperature period of composting.

[0046] As an optional implementation, the flow guide includes several flow guide pipes 6. One end of each flow guide pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the main pipe 2 along the circumference and communicates with the main pipe 2. The flow guide pipe 6 extends into the composting chamber, and the other end of the flow guide pipe 6 is a closed end. Several flow guide holes 7 are provided on the flow guide pipe 6. The flow guide pipe 6 communicates with the composting chamber 4 through the flow guide holes 7. A filter screen 8 is installed on the flow guide holes 7.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the guide pipe 6 extends into each compost layer and guides the hot air through the guide hole 7. The filter screen 8 filters out large particulate impurities to prevent the guide hole 7 from being blocked and to ensure long-term ventilation efficiency.

[0048] As an optional implementation, the auxiliary components include a first support frame 9 fixedly connected inside the main pipe 2, a first rotating shaft 10 rotatably connected to the first support frame 9, a plurality of transmission components arranged axially on the first rotating shaft 10, a second support frame 11 fixedly connected inside the guide pipe 6, a second rotating shaft 12 rotatably connected to the second support frame 11, the second rotating shaft 12 being connected to the first rotating shaft 10 through transmission components, and a plurality of auxiliary plates 13 arranged axially on the second rotating shaft 12.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotational power of the non-powered ventilation cap 21, natural wind or thermal pressure difference is used to drive the auxiliary plate 13 to rotate through the transmission component, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of mechanical energy. When the auxiliary plate 13 rotates, the fan blades 17 disturb the local airflow, enhance the contact efficiency between oxygen and compost, and improve the activity of aerobic microorganisms.

[0050] As an optional implementation, the transmission component includes a first transmission gear 14 fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 10, and a second transmission gear 15 fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 12, the second transmission gear 15 meshing with the first transmission gear 14.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gear transmission stably transmits the rotational force of the non-powered ventilation cap 21 to the second rotating shaft 12 inside the guide tube, ensuring the continuous operation of the auxiliary plate 13. The gear structure is simple and reliable, reduces the risk of mechanical failure, and is suitable for the humid environment of composting.

[0052] As an optional implementation, the auxiliary plate 13 is a frame structure with a through hole 16 in the middle. A fan blade 17 is fixedly connected in the through hole 16. A cleaning brush 18 is fixedly connected to the end of the auxiliary plate 13 away from the second rotating shaft 12. The cleaning brush 18 is in contact with the filter screen 8.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the cleaning brush 18 rotates with the auxiliary plate 13, it automatically cleans the impurities attached to the surface of the filter screen 8 to avoid clogging and keep the guide hole 7 unobstructed. The rotation of the fan blade 17 generates local negative pressure, attracting more oxygen through the guide hole 7 into the deep layer of composting, thus solving the problem of insufficient oxygen supply in traditional non-powered composting.

[0054] As an optional implementation, the ventilation component includes a support frame 19 fixedly connected to the top of the composting box 1, a ventilation duct 20 fixedly connected to the support frame 19, the top end of the main duct 2 extending out of the composting box 1 and communicating with the bottom end of the ventilation duct 20, a non-powered ventilation cap 21 fixedly connected to the top end of the ventilation duct 20, and the top end of the first rotating shaft 10 fixedly connected to the middle of the non-powered ventilation cap 21.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the non-powered ventilation cap 21 is driven to rotate by the thermal pressure difference generated by natural wind or compost heat radiation, forming a continuous exhaust power without the need for external energy. The ventilation duct 20 is combined with the non-powered ventilation cap 21 to amplify the thermal pressure difference effect, improve the efficiency of natural oxygen convection, and solve the problem of insufficient ventilation power in traditional non-powered composting.

[0056] As an optional implementation, the regulating component includes a temperature control valve 22 installed on the air inlet 5, a temperature sensor 23 fixedly connected to the composting box 1, the detection end of the temperature sensor 23 extending into the composting box 1, and the temperature sensor 23 being electrically connected to the temperature control valve 22.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature sensor 23 monitors the compost temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds a threshold such as 55°C, the temperature control valve 22 automatically increases the air intake to accelerate heat dissipation and replenish oxygen, preventing overheating from causing microbial inactivation. During the low-temperature period, the air intake is reduced to avoid excessive heat loss, maintain the duration of the high-temperature period of composting, and improve the composting efficiency.

[0058] As an optional implementation, a support rod 24 is rotatably connected to the top of the support frame 19, a wind vane 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod 24, a fixing frame 26 is fixedly connected to the support rod 24, and two guide plates 27 are fixedly connected to the fixing frame 26. The two guide plates 27 have a V-shaped structure, with the wide ends of the two guide plates 27 facing the direction indicated by the wind vane 25, and the narrow ends of the two guide plates 27 facing the non-powered ventilation cap 21.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the wind vane 25 automatically aligns with the direction of natural wind, drives the guide plate 27 to adjust its angle, introduces natural wind into the ventilation duct 20, increases the rotation speed of the non-powered ventilation cap 21, further enhances the exhaust power, and uses natural wind energy to supplement the ventilation needs when the thermal pressure difference is insufficient, which is especially suitable for calm wind or low temperature environments.

[0060] As an optional implementation, the inner diameter of the guide tubes 6 on several guide members increases gradually from top to bottom, with the inner diameter of the uppermost guide tube 6 being 4mm-6mm and the inner diameter of the lowermost guide tube 6 being 8mm-12mm.

[0061] The guide pipe 6 is set at an angle, with its highest end connected to the main pipe 2, and the angle between its lowest end and the horizontal plane being 15°-30°.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of each layer of guide tube 6 varies with depth, thereby forming an oxygen diffusion gradient in the multi-layer guide tube 6 structure to ensure the flow effect. The guide tube 6 is inclined, preferably at an angle of 30°, and the inclined setting ensures the flow efficiency of hot air.

[0063] A method for using a non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function includes the following steps:

[0064] Installation preparation stage: Insert the partition plate 3 vertically into the composting box 1 to form multiple independent composting chambers 4; install the flow guide in each composting chamber 4 horizontally, and seal all the flow guides to the corresponding interfaces on the side wall of the main pipe 2; insert the auxiliary parts into the main pipe 2, ensuring that their lower ends extend into the interior of each flow guide to form an air guide channel.

[0065] Material feeding stage: The composting material is fed into each composting chamber 4 in layers from bottom to top, with the thickness of each layer not exceeding 2 / 3 of the height of the partition plate 3; ventilation components are laid on the surface of the top layer of material, and the top of the main pipe 2 is sealed and connected to the air outlet of the ventilation component.

[0066] Ventilation adjustment stage: Adjust the opening of the air inlet 5 through the adjustment component to control the initial air intake volume at 0.1-0.3 m³ / min·m²; observe the temperature sensor data of each composting chamber; when the temperature of a certain layer exceeds 65℃, increase the air guide cross section of the corresponding auxiliary component of that layer; when the overall temperature of the compost drops below 40℃, gradually close the adjustment component of the lower layer to reduce the air intake volume.

[0067] Operation and maintenance phase: Check the auxiliary components inside the main pipeline 2 weekly for material blockage, and back-purge with compressed air if necessary; clean the ventilation filter screen monthly and replace the damaged guide seal ring; after the composting cycle is over, fully open the regulating component for forced ventilation and drying until the material moisture content is below 30%.

[0068] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0069] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function, characterized in that, include: Compost container (1); The layered flow guiding assembly includes a main pipe (2) and several flow guiding components. The composting box (1) is divided into several composting chambers (4) by several partition plates (3). Several flow guiding components are respectively arranged in several composting chambers (4), and several flow guiding components are respectively connected to the main pipe (2). A ventilation assembly includes a ventilation component and an auxiliary component. The auxiliary component is disposed inside the main pipe (2) and one end extends into the guide component. The ventilation component is disposed at the top of the composting box (1). The top of the main pipe (2) extends out of the composting box (1) and communicates with the ventilation component. The auxiliary component is connected to the ventilation component. An adjusting component is provided on the composting box (1) for adjusting the air intake volume of the air inlet (5) at the bottom of the composting box (1); The flow guide includes several flow guide pipes (6), several flow guide holes (7) are opened on the flow guide pipes (6), and a filter screen (8) is installed on the flow guide holes (7). The auxiliary component includes a first support frame (9) fixedly connected in the main pipe (2), a first rotating shaft (10) rotatably connected to the first support frame (9), several transmission components are arranged axially on the first rotating shaft (10), a second support frame (11) is fixedly connected in the flow guide pipes (6), a second rotating shaft (12) rotatably connected to the second support frame (11), the second rotating shaft (12) is connected to the first rotating shaft (10) through the transmission components, and several auxiliary plates (13) are arranged axially on the second rotating shaft (12); the auxiliary plates (13) are for The frame structure has a through hole (16) in the middle of the auxiliary plate (13), and a fan blade (17) is fixedly connected in the through hole (16). A cleaning brush (18) is fixedly connected to one end of the auxiliary plate (13) away from the second rotating shaft (12), and the cleaning brush (18) contacts the filter screen (8). The ventilation component includes a support frame (19) fixedly connected to the top of the compost box (1), and a ventilation duct (20) is fixedly connected to the support frame (19). The top end of the main duct (2) extends out of the compost box (1) and communicates with the bottom end of the ventilation duct (20). A non-powered ventilation cap (21) is fixedly connected to the top end of the ventilation duct (20), and the top end of the first rotating shaft (10) is fixedly connected to the middle of the non-powered ventilation cap (21).

2. The non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of several of the guide pipes (6) is fixedly connected to the main pipe (2) along the circumference and communicates with the main pipe (2). The guide pipes (6) extend into the composting chamber, and the other end of the guide pipes (6) is a closed end. The guide pipes (6) are connected to the composting chamber (4) through the guide hole (7).

3. The non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission component includes a first transmission gear (14) fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft (10), and a second transmission gear (15) fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft (12), the second transmission gear (15) meshing with the first transmission gear (14).

4. A non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating component includes a temperature control valve (22) installed on the air inlet (5), a temperature sensor (23) is fixedly connected to the composting box (1), the detection end of the temperature sensor (23) extends into the composting box (1), and the temperature sensor (23) is electrically connected to the temperature control valve (22).

5. A non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (19) is rotatably connected to a support rod (24), and a wind vane (25) is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod (24). A fixing frame (26) is fixedly connected to the support rod (24), and two guide plates (27) are fixedly connected to the fixing frame (26). The two guide plates (27) are in a figure-eight shape. The wide ends of the two guide plates (27) face the direction indicated by the wind vane (25), and the narrow ends of the two guide plates (27) face the non-powered ventilation cap (21).

6. A non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the guide tubes (6) on the several guide members increases gradually from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the uppermost guide tube (6) is 4mm-6mm, and the inner diameter of the lowermost guide tube (6) is 8mm-12mm. The guide pipe (6) is inclined, the highest end of the guide pipe (6) is connected to the main pipe (2), and the angle between the lowest end of the guide pipe (6) and the horizontal plane is 15°-30°.

7. A method of using a non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function, applicable to the non-powered composting ventilation structure with stratified oxygen supply function as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Installation preparation stage: Insert the partition plate (3) vertically into the compost box (1) to form multiple independent compost chambers (4); install the guide piece horizontally in each compost chamber (4) and seal all the guide pieces with the corresponding interface on the side wall of the main pipe (2); insert the auxiliary piece into the main pipe (2) to ensure that its lower end extends into the interior of each guide piece to form an air guide channel; Material delivery stage: In order from bottom to top, compost materials are delivered in layers in each composting chamber (4), and the thickness of each layer of material does not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the partition plate (3); ventilation components are laid on the surface of the top layer of material, and the top of the main pipe (2) is sealed and connected to the air outlet of the ventilation component; Ventilation adjustment stage: Adjust the opening of the air inlet (5) through the adjustment component to control the initial air intake volume at 0.1-0.3m³ / min·m²; observe the temperature sensor data of each composting chamber. When the temperature of a certain layer exceeds 65℃, increase the air guide section of the corresponding auxiliary component of that layer; when the overall temperature of the compost drops below 40℃, gradually close the adjustment component of the lower layer to reduce the air intake volume. Operation and maintenance phase: Check the auxiliary parts inside the main pipeline (2) weekly for material blockage, and use compressed air to blow back if necessary; clean the ventilation filter screen monthly and replace the damaged guide seal ring; after the composting cycle ends, fully open the regulating parts for forced ventilation and drying until the material moisture content is less than 30%.

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