Dialysate filter and dialysis equipment

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, and provides a dialysate filter and dialysis equipment, the dialysate filter comprises a tubular shell; a wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle is arranged in the tubular shell; a first spiral baffle and a second spiral baffle which are opposite in spiral direction are arranged on the inner wall of the tubular shell from bottom to top, and microstructures used for reducing dialysis fluid drop are arranged on the surfaces of the first spiral baffle and the second spiral baffle; a porous rigid guide cylinder is arranged in the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle; according to the device, the first spiral baffle and the second spiral baffle which are opposite in spiral direction are arranged on the inner wall of the tubular shell from bottom to top, the rotating center of dialysate is forced to be broken and rebuilt continuously, when the rotating direction of the dialysate is changed, the flowing path of the dialysate is more zigzag and complex, and the dialysate is more stable. And the effective flow path and the average retention time of the dialysate are prolonged, so that the dialysate has more contact opportunities with the membrane filaments, and the mass transfer efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and more specifically, to a dialysate filter and a dialysis device. Background Technology

[0002] Hemodialysis is the primary treatment for end-stage renal disease patients to maintain their lives. The dialyzer, as the core component of the dialysis system, directly determines the treatment outcome. Currently, mainstream dialyzers utilize a hollow fiber membrane structure. Its main components include: a tubular shell, a hollow fiber membrane bundle, end caps and filling material, and blood and dialysate ports. Its working principle is primarily based on diffusion and convection. Toxins pass through the membrane pores from the blood side to the dialysate side due to their concentration gradient; water is ultrafiltered out by transmembrane pressure.

[0003] During use, dialysate filters exhibit a boundary layer effect, which is a stagnant liquid layer with a near-zero flow rate at the membrane-liquid interface. This boundary layer is the main obstacle to solute diffusion, especially for medium and large molecular toxins with slow diffusion rates (such as β2-microglobulin), where the boundary layer severely limits their removal efficiency.

[0004] In existing technologies, increasing blood flow and dialysate flow can reduce the boundary layer to some extent, but the mass transfer effect is limited, and it increases the cardiac load and treatment costs. Most use high-flux polysulfone membranes, which improve membrane permeability, but the central area is not fully perfused, resulting in uneven distribution of dialysate flow and failing to fundamentally solve the hydrodynamic problem on the membrane surface. At the same time, the clamping devices for dialysate filters in existing dialysis equipment are mostly rigid clamps to improve their stability, and no anti-detachment structure is designed between the clamping device and the blood tubing or dialysis tubing. If the blood tubing or dialysis tubing is pulled due to an accident, there is a certain safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a dialysate filter and a dialysis device. By providing two sections of first and second spiral baffles with opposite spiral directions on the inner wall of the tubular shell from bottom to top, the rotation center of the dialysate is forced to be constantly broken and rebuilt. When the rotation direction of the dialysate changes, its flow path becomes more tortuous and complex, prolonging the effective flow path and average residence time of the dialysate, giving it more opportunities to contact the membrane fibers, and improving mass transfer efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A dialysate filter includes a tubular shell; a corrugated hollow fiber membrane bundle is disposed inside the tubular shell; two sections of first and second helical baffles with opposite helical directions are disposed on the inner wall of the tubular shell from bottom to top; the height of the first and second helical baffles gradually increases from both ends to the middle, and their pitch gradually becomes denser from both ends to the middle; a smooth middle section is formed between the first and second helical baffles; a lower smooth section is formed between the first helical baffle and the dialysate inlet; an upper smooth section is formed between the second helical baffle and the dialysate outlet; microstructures for reducing dialysate pressure drop are disposed on the surfaces of the first and second helical baffles; a porous rigid guide tube is disposed inside the corrugated hollow fiber membrane bundle; the corrugated hollow fiber membrane bundle is prepared by a blending spinning method of a temperature-sensitive polymer and a matrix polymer; a superhydrophobic coating is disposed on the inner wall of the tubular shell, the surface of the first and second helical baffles.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that the first spiral baffle and the second spiral baffle are composed of several sets of broken, short spiral segments.

[0008] The present invention is further configured such that the microstructure consists of a plurality of V-shaped ribs uniformly disposed on the surfaces of the first spiral baffle and the second spiral baffle.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the microstructure is a plurality of micro-pits uniformly formed on the surfaces of the first spiral baffle and the second spiral baffle.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that: the temperature-sensitive polymer material is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); the matrix polymer material is polysulfone (PSU); and the membrane pores of the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle are periodically opened and closed by periodically switching the dialysate temperature between slightly lower and higher than LCST.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that: an upper end cap and a lower end cap are screwed to both ends of the tubular shell; a blood inlet tube and a blood outlet tube are respectively installed on the upper end cap and the lower end cap; and a dialysate outlet tube and a dialysate inlet tube are respectively provided on the peripheral side of the tubular shell near the upper end cap and the lower end cap.

[0012] A dialysis device further includes a fixing frame and a clamping device for clamping a tubular shell; the fixing frame includes a T-shaped support plate; a fixing disk is fixed to the top of the T-shaped support plate; a ball seat is connected to the side of the fixing disk; an clearance hole is opened on the inner bottom surface of the ball seat; the clamping device includes a positioning plate; an extension rod is fixed to the outer wall of the positioning plate; a ball head adapted to the ball seat is fixed to the end of the extension rod; a plurality of arc-shaped sleeves are uniformly fixed to the periphery of the extension rod; an arc-shaped plate is slidably arranged inside the arc-shaped sleeve; a first connecting ball is fixed to the end of the arc-shaped plate; an arc-shaped spring is fixedly connected between the arc-shaped plate and the arc-shaped sleeve.

[0013] The invention is further configured such that: clamping rings adapted to the tubular shell are fixed at both ends of the positioning plate; the ends of the two clamping rings are respectively provided with snap-fit ​​grooves adapted to the dialysate outlet tube and the dialysate inlet tube; the outer walls of the dialysate outlet tube and the dialysate inlet tube are screwed with fixing members; the fixing members include threaded tubes; a rotating ring is rotatably provided on the outer wall of the threaded tube; an ear plate is fixed on the outer wall of the rotating ring; an insertion rod is fixed on the side of the ear plate; and an insertion hole is provided on the outer wall of the clamping ring for insertion and engagement with the insertion rod.

[0014] The invention is further configured such that: a plurality of screw holes are provided on both the clamping ring and the positioning plate; anti-detachment parts are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the positioning plate near its two ends and on the outer walls of the two clamping rings; the anti-detachment parts include a fixing frame; guide rollers are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the fixing frame; mounting plates are fixed on the top and bottom of the fixing frame; the mounting plates are fixedly installed in the corresponding screw holes by fastening bolts; an L-shaped plate is fixed on the side of the fixing frame; a sliding rod is fixed between the L-shaped plate and the fixing frame; a sliding plate that slides with the sliding rod is slidably arranged on the surface of the L-shaped plate; a return spring sleeved on the sliding rod is fixed between the sliding plate and the L-shaped plate; a rotating rod is fixed at the end of one of the guide rollers; a spiral groove is provided on the outer wall of the rotating rod; an ear rod is fixed on the surface of the sliding plate; a second connecting ball adapted to the spiral groove is fixed at the end of the ear rod.

[0015] The invention is further configured such that: a fixing rod is fixed to the outer wall of the ball head; a cover plate is fixed to the end of the fixing rod; an ear seat is fixed to the side of the fixing plate; an alarm is fixedly installed on the surface of the ear seat, and an infrared rangefinder is fixed to its bottom surface; a controller is fixed to the side of the T-shaped support plate; an extension seat is fixed to the fixing frame; and a guide tube is fixed to the bottom of each extension seat for the blood inlet tube, blood outlet tube, dialysate inlet tube, and dialysate outlet tube to pass through; and the blood inlet tube, blood outlet tube, and dialysate inlet tube corresponding to the guide roller and the guide tube are respectively... The tube and the dialysate outlet tube form a reserved buffer section; the outer wall of the reserved buffer section is provided with a wear-resistant layer; a pressure sensor and an electromagnetic coil are sequentially installed on the side of the L-shaped plate; an abutment rod and an armature post are sequentially installed on the outer wall of the lug; an air pump is installed on the side of the T-shaped support plate; several core rods are evenly fixed on the side of the fixed plate; an air bladder is provided on the outer wall of the core rod; an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are sequentially connected to the outer wall of the air bladder; both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are provided with electromagnetic valves; the air inlet pipe is connected to the output end of the air pump through a flexible hose.

[0016] The advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention, by setting two sections of first and second spiral baffles with opposite spiral directions on the inner wall of the tubular shell from bottom to top, forces the rotation center of the dialysate to be constantly broken and rebuilt, and more effectively transfers the energy of the eddy current from the inner wall of the tubular shell to the core area of ​​the wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle. This ensures that the internal and external membrane fibers can be flushed by the dialysate to the same extent. When the dialysate changes its rotation direction, its flow path becomes more tortuous and complex, prolonging the effective flow path and average residence time of the dialysate, giving it more opportunities to contact the membrane fibers, and improving mass transfer efficiency.

[0017] 2. This invention periodically switches the dialysate temperature between slightly below and above LCST, causing the membrane pores to "breathe" and open and close periodically. This micro-movement can strongly disrupt the boundary layer, greatly enhance mass transfer, pump the fluid in the membrane pores, prevent medium and large molecular toxins from clogging the pores, shake off proteins adsorbed on the membrane surface, and reduce the risk of coagulation.

[0018] 3. The present invention inserts a porous rigid guide tube 8 into the center of the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle, so that the dialysate can be forced through the guide tube 8 to directly reach the center of the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle, and then flow radially from the center to the outer periphery, ensuring that the central area is fully perfused, and making the dialysate flow distribution more uniform.

[0019] 4. This invention achieves multiple buffering and force relief against unexpected pulling forces through the linkage of the fixing frame and the clamping device, thereby improving the anti-detachment performance between the dialysate filter and each set of infusion tubes and enhancing safety performance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of a dialysate filter according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of a dialysate filter according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third embodiment of a dialysate filter according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of a dialysate filter according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dialysis device according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A structural diagram from another angle.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing frame of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing frame of the present invention from another angle.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fastener of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-detachment part of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-detachment part of the present invention from a frontal view.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Tubular shell; 2. Waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle; 3. First spiral baffle; 4. Second spiral baffle; 5. Middle smooth section; 6. Lower smooth section; 7. Upper smooth section; 8. Guide tube; 9. Spiral segment; 10. V-shaped rib; 11. Micro-dimple; 12. Upper end cap; 13. Lower end cap; 14. Blood inlet tube; 15. Blood outlet tube; 16. Dialysis fluid outlet tube; 17. Dialysis fluid inlet tube; 18. Fixing frame; 19. Clamping device; 20. T-shaped support plate; 21. Fixing plate; 22. Ball seat; 23. Clearance hole; 24. Positioning plate; 25. Extension rod; 26. Ball head; 27. Arc sleeve; 28. Arc plate; 29. ​​First connecting ball; 30. Clamping ring; 31. Snap-fit ​​groove; 2. Fixing component; 33. Threaded tube; 34. Rotary ring; 35. Ear plate; 36. Insert rod; 37. Insertion hole; 38. Screw hole; 39. Anti-detachment part; 40. Fixing frame; 41. Guide roller; 42. Mounting plate; 43. L-shaped plate; 44. Slide rod; 45. Slide plate; 46. Return spring; 47. Rotating rod; 48. Spiral groove; 49. Ear rod; 50. Second connecting ball; 51. Fixing rod; 52. Cover plate; 53. Ear seat; 54. Alarm; 55. Infrared rangefinder; 56. Controller; 57. Extension seat; 58. Guide tube; 59. Reserved buffer section; 60. Wear-resistant layer; 61. Pressure sensor; 62. Electromagnetic coil; 63. Abutment rod; 64. Armature post; 65. Core rod; 66. Airbag. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0035] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0036] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-4 The present invention provides the following technical solutions: A dialysate filter specifically includes a tubular shell 1; a corrugated hollow fiber membrane bundle 2 is disposed inside the tubular shell 1; two sections of first spiral baffles 3 and second spiral baffles 4 with opposite spiral directions are disposed from bottom to top on the inner wall of the tubular shell 1; the height of the first spiral baffles 3 and second spiral baffles 4 gradually increases from both ends to the middle, and their pitch gradually becomes denser from both ends to the middle; a smooth section 5 is formed between the first spiral baffles 3 and second spiral baffles 4; a lower smooth section 6 is formed between the first spiral baffles 3 and the dialysate inlet; an upper smooth section 7 is formed between the second spiral baffles 4 and the dialysate outlet; microstructures for reducing dialysate pressure drop are disposed on the surfaces of both the first spiral baffles 3 and second spiral baffles 4; a porous rigid core is disposed inside the corrugated hollow fiber membrane bundle 2. The flow guide tube 8; the wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle 2 is made by blending a temperature-sensitive polymer and a matrix polymer through a spinning method; the inner wall of the tubular shell 1, the surface of the first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4 are all provided with a superhydrophobic coating; the temperature-sensitive polymer is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); the matrix polymer is polysulfone (PSU); by periodically switching the dialysate temperature between slightly lower and higher than LCST, the membrane pores of the wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle are periodically opened and closed; the tubular shell 1 is screwed with an upper end cap 12 and a lower end cap 13 at both ends; a blood inlet tube 14 and a blood outlet tube 15 are respectively installed on the upper end cap 12 and the lower end cap 13; a dialysate outlet tube 16 and a dialysate inlet tube 17 are respectively provided on the circumferential side of the tubular shell 1 near the upper end cap 12 and the lower end cap 13.

[0037] Working principle of this embodiment: By setting two sections of first spiral baffle 3 and second spiral baffle 4 with opposite spiral directions from bottom to top on the inner wall of the tubular shell 1, the rotation center of the dialysate is forced to be constantly broken and rebuilt. This allows the energy of the eddy current to be transferred more effectively from the inner wall of the tubular shell 1 to the core area of ​​the wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle 2, ensuring that the internal and external membrane fibers can be flushed by the dialysate to the same extent. When the dialysate changes its rotation direction, its flow path becomes more tortuous and complex, prolonging the effective flow path and average residence time of the dialysate, giving it more opportunities to contact the membrane fibers and improving mass transfer efficiency. The middle smooth section 5, the lower smooth section 6, and the upper smooth section 7 act as a buffer zone, allowing the fluid to dissipate most of its rotational angular momentum through viscosity before entering the reverse spiral zone. The fluid is no longer forcibly twisted in this area, but instead returns to a relatively straight axial flow, which allows the fluid to "calm down" and prepare for the next reverse twist.

[0038] The inner wall of the tubular shell 1, the surface of the first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4 are all provided with a superhydrophobic coating. The superhydrophobic coating will produce a "slip effect", that is, the actual flow velocity of the fluid on the surface is not zero, which directly reduces the shear stress of the wall and reduces the flow resistance.

[0039] By appropriately reducing the outer diameter of the membrane bundle, an annular flow channel is formed between it and the inner wall of the tubular shell 1. Combined with the first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4, a highly efficient eddy current generator is formed. Most of the disturbance is generated by the annular flow channel and transmitted to the entire waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle 2. The first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4 do not need to be inserted into the inside of the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle 2, thus reducing resistance.

[0040] The hollow fiber membrane bundle 2 in the waveform is responsible for internal mixing, while mixing within the tubular shell 1 is achieved by counter-rotating helical baffles. Together, they reduce pressure drop. The first helical baffle 3 and the second helical baffle 4 have gradually varying heights, being the shortest at the inlet, gradually increasing towards the middle, and then gradually decreasing again before the outlet. This maintains strong disturbance in the core mixing region while reducing losses from abrupt flow changes at the inlet and outlet. The pitch of the first helical baffle 3 and the second helical baffle 4 also varies gradually: the pitch can transition from sparse at the inlet to dense in the middle, and then back to sparse at the outlet. This conforms to the physical laws of fluid boundary layer development, maximizing efficiency.

[0041] A porous rigid guide tube 8 is inserted into the center of the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle 2. The dialysate can be forced through the guide tube 8 to reach the center of the waveform hollow fiber membrane bundle 2 directly, and then flow radially from the center to the outer periphery, ensuring that the central area is fully perfused and making the dialysate flow distribution more uniform.

[0042] Thermosensitive polymers exhibit abrupt changes in properties at a specific temperature (called the minimum critical dissolution temperature (LCST)). Waveform hollow fiber membrane bundles (2) prepared by blend spinning exhibit hydrophilic extension of molecular chains below the LCST (approximately 32°C), resulting in relatively "closed" or hydrophilic membrane pores. Above the LCST (e.g., body temperature of 37°C), the molecular chains hydrophobically collapse, causing the membrane pores to "open" or become more hydrophobic. By periodically switching the dialysate temperature between slightly below and above the LCST (e.g., cycling between 30°C and 38°C), the membrane pores undergo a "breathing"-like periodic opening and closing. This microscopic movement can strongly disrupt the boundary layer, greatly enhance mass transfer, pump fluid within the membrane pores, prevent medium and large molecular toxins from clogging the pores, dislodge proteins adsorbed on the membrane surface, and reduce the risk of coagulation.

[0043] Example 2, please refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 This second embodiment is an improvement on the first embodiment. Specifically, the first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4 are composed of several sets of broken, short spiral segments 9.

[0044] Working principle of this embodiment two: The gaps between the helical segments 9 provide space for the dialysate to adjust its flow, reducing the pressure drop caused by forced torsion. The flow direction can be adjusted locally, reducing the "discomfort" of forced torsion and thus significantly reducing the pressure drop. The staggered helical segments 9 can also effectively disrupt the boundary layer and induce complex secondary flows with little sacrifice in mixing efficiency.

[0045] Example 3, please refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 This third embodiment is an improvement on the first embodiment. Specifically, the microstructure consists of several V-shaped ribs 10 uniformly arranged on the surfaces of the first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4.

[0046] Working principle of this embodiment three: The V-shaped ribs 10 effectively suppress the formation of turbulence and reduce the frictional resistance between the fluid and the wall.

[0047] Turbulence: The dialysate is violently mixed and full of vortices. Although the mass transfer effect is good, the pressure drop is extremely large. In the turbulence formed on the smooth wall of the tubular shell 1, a high-speed rotating secondary vortex perpendicular to the mainstream direction will be generated in the near-wall region. These transverse vortices will "dig" the mainstream and generate huge resistance. The V-shaped ribs 10 are like "tracks" that guide the fluid to flow along the mainstream direction and effectively suppress the generation and development of these harmful transverse vortices.

[0048] Example 4, please refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 4 This fourth embodiment is an improvement on the first embodiment. Specifically, the microstructure consists of several micro-pits 11 uniformly formed on the surfaces of the first spiral baffle 3 and the second spiral baffle 4.

[0049] Working principle of Example 4: The micro-dimples 11 can induce the boundary layer to transition to turbulence earlier, and a stable turbulent boundary layer is less likely to separate than an unstable laminar boundary layer. This reduces pressure drag, thereby lowering the overall pressure drop.

[0050] Example 5, please refer to Figures 1-12This fifth embodiment is an improvement on the first embodiment. Specifically, a dialysis device further includes a fixing frame 18 and a clamping device 19 for clamping the tubular shell 1. The fixing frame 18 includes a T-shaped support plate 20. A fixing plate 21 is fixed to the top of the T-shaped support plate 20. A ball seat 22 is connected to the side of the fixing plate 21. An avoidance hole 23 is opened on the inner bottom surface of the ball seat 22. The clamping device 19 includes a positioning plate 24. An extension rod 25 is fixed to the outer wall of the positioning plate 24. A ball head 26 adapted to the ball seat 22 is fixed to the end of the extension rod 25. A plurality of arc sleeves 27 are evenly fixed to the periphery of the extension rod 25. An arc plate 28 is slidably arranged inside the arc sleeve 27. A first connecting ball 29 is fixed to the end of the arc plate 28. An arc spring is fixedly connected between the arc plate 28 and the arc sleeve 27.

[0051] The positioning plate 24 has clamping rings 30 that are adapted to the tubular shell 1 at both ends; the ends of the two clamping rings 30 are respectively provided with snap-fit ​​grooves 31 that are adapted to the dialysate outlet tube 16 and the dialysate inlet tube 17; the outer walls of the dialysate outlet tube 16 and the dialysate inlet tube 17 are screwed with fixing members 32; the fixing member 32 includes a threaded tube 33; a rotating ring 34 is rotatably provided on the outer wall of the threaded tube 33; an ear plate 35 is fixed on the outer wall of the rotating ring 34; an insertion rod 36 is fixed on the side of the ear plate 35; the outer wall of the clamping ring 30 is provided with an insertion hole 37 that is inserted and matched with the insertion rod 36.

[0052] Several screw holes 38 are provided on both the clamping ring 30 and the positioning plate 24; anti-detachment parts 39 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the positioning plate 24 near its two ends and on the outer wall of the two clamping rings 30; the anti-detachment part 39 includes a fixing frame 40; guide rollers 41 are symmetrically rotated on the inner wall of the fixing frame 40; mounting plates 42 are fixed on the top and bottom of the fixing frame 40; the mounting plates 42 are fixedly installed in the corresponding screw holes 38 by fastening bolts.

[0053] An L-shaped plate 43 is fixed to the side of the fixed frame 40; a slide rod 44 is fixed between the L-shaped plate 43 and the fixed frame 40; a slide plate 45 that slides with the slide rod 44 is slidably disposed on the surface of the L-shaped plate 43; a return spring 46 sleeved on the slide rod 44 is fixed between the slide plate 45 and the L-shaped plate 43; a rotating rod 47 is fixed to the end of a guide roller 41; a spiral groove 48 is opened on the outer wall of the rotating rod 47; an ear rod 49 is fixed to the surface of the slide plate 45; a second connecting ball 50 that matches the spiral groove 48 is fixed to the end of the ear rod 49.

[0054] A fixing rod 51 is fixed to the outer wall of the ball head 26; a cover plate 52 is fixed to the end of the fixing rod 51; an ear seat 53 is fixed to the side of the fixing plate 21; an alarm 54 is fixedly installed on the surface of the ear seat 53, and an infrared rangefinder 55 is fixed to its bottom surface; a controller 56 is fixed to the side of the T-shaped support plate 20; an extension seat 57 is fixed to the fixing frame 40; a guide tube 58 is fixed to the bottom of each extension seat 57 for the blood inlet tube 14, blood outlet tube 15, dialysate inlet tube 17, and dialysate outlet tube 16 to pass through; a reserved buffer section 59 is formed between the guide roller 41 and the guide tube 58 for the blood inlet tube 14, blood outlet tube 15, dialysate inlet tube 17, and dialysate outlet tube 16; a wear-resistant layer 60 is provided on the outer wall of the reserved buffer section 59.

[0055] A pressure sensor 61 and an electromagnetic coil 62 are sequentially installed on the side of the L-shaped plate 43; a connecting rod 63 and an armature post 64 are sequentially installed on the outer wall of the lug 49; an air pump is installed on the side of the T-shaped support plate 20; several core rods 65 are evenly fixed on the side of the fixed plate 21; an air bladder 66 is provided on the outer wall of the core rod 65; an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe are sequentially connected to the outer wall of the air bladder 66; an electromagnetic valve is provided on both the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe; the air inlet pipe is connected to the output end of the air pump through a hose.

[0056] Working principle of Example 5: By snapping the tubular housing 1 into the snap-fit ​​groove 31 of the clamping ring 30, aligning the insertion rod 36 with the corresponding insertion hole 37, and rotating the threaded tube 33 to make it rotate forward towards the tubular housing 1, thereby driving the insertion rod 36 into the corresponding insertion hole 37, thus completing the fixed clamping of the tubular housing 1.

[0057] Under normal conditions, the control air pump is started, the solenoid valve of the air inlet pipe is opened, and each group of air bags 66 is inflated. The inflated air bags 66 clamp the corresponding arc-shaped sleeves 27, so that the clamping device 19 and the fixing frame 18 remain stationary and do not swing, which facilitates the normal use of the dialysate filter.

[0058] Taking the accidental pulling of the infusion tube connected to the dialysate inlet tube 17 as an example, the reserved buffer section 59 slides along the guide roller 41, causing the corresponding guide roller 41 to rotate, thereby causing the rotating rod 47 to rotate. The spiral groove 48 on the rotating rod 47 pushes the second connecting ball 50 to move, which in turn causes the slide plate 45 to move towards the pressure sensor 61. The reset spring 46 is compressed. When the abutment rod 63 abuts against the pressure sensor 61, the pressure sensor 61 transmits a signal to the controller 56, and the controller 56 controls... When the electromagnetic coil 62 is energized, it attracts the armature post 64. Subsequently, it is limited by the second connecting ball 50, and the rotating rod 47 does not rotate. At the same time, the controller 56 controls the solenoid valve on the exhaust pipe to open, releasing some of the gas inside the airbag 66. Then, it controls the corresponding solenoid valve to close, releasing the clamping limitation on the clamping device 19. (It should be noted that the gas inside the airbag 66 is not completely released; the airbag 66 can maintain a certain elastic support for the arc-shaped sleeve 27.) During this process, the pulling of the infusion tube provides the first buffer, improving safety performance.

[0059] After the reserved buffer section 59 is straightened, the dialysate filter can rotate and swing at a certain angle as the clamping device 19 is sleeved on the ball seat 22. When the dialysate filter is pulled, it drives the clamping device 19 to rotate and swing. The corresponding first connecting ball 29 is blocked by the fixed plate 21, so that the corresponding arc plate 28 is stored in the corresponding arc sleeve 27. The corresponding arc spring is compressed, which provides a second buffer against the pulling of the infusion tube and further improves the safety performance.

[0060] As the dialysate filter swings or rotates on the fixed frame 18 along with the clamping device 19, the planar position of the shield 52 changes, thereby changing the distance between the infrared rangefinder 55 and the shield 52. At this time, the infrared rangefinder 55 transmits the signal to the controller 56, and the controller 56 controls the alarm 54 to sound an alarm.

[0061] In summary, when the infusion tubing is pulled in any direction, the clamping device 19, together with the clamped and fixed dialysate filter, can swing or rotate at a certain angle on the fixing frame 18, replacing the traditional rigid clamping structure of the dialysate filter, and preventing the infusion tubing from detaching from the blood inlet tube 14, blood outlet tube 15, dialysate inlet tube 17, and dialysate outlet tube 16 on the dialysate filter.

[0062] Obviously, the embodiments described above are merely some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dialysate filter comprising a tubular housing (1); characterized in that: The tubular shell (1) is internally provided with a wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle (2); the inner wall of the tubular shell (1) is provided from bottom to top with two sections of first spiral baffles (3) and second spiral baffles (4) with opposite spiral directions; the height of the first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4) gradually increases from both ends to the middle, and the pitch gradually becomes dense from both ends to the middle; The first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4) form an intermediate smooth section (5) therebetween; the first spiral baffles (3) and a dialysate inlet form a lower smooth section (6); the second spiral baffles (4) and a dialysate outlet form an upper smooth section (7); The surfaces of the first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4) are provided with microstructures for reducing the pressure drop of the dialysate; the wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle (2) is internally provided with a porous rigid flow guide cylinder (8); The wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle (2) is prepared by a blending spinning method of a temperature-sensitive polymer and a base polymer; the inner wall of the tubular shell (1), the surfaces of the first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4) are provided with a super-hydrophobic coating.

2. A dialysate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4) are composed of a plurality of groups of disconnected, short and small spiral segments (9).

3. The dialysate filter of claim 1, wherein: The microstructures are a plurality of V-shaped ribs (10) uniformly arranged on the surfaces of the first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4).

4. The dialysate filter of claim 1, wherein: The microstructures are a plurality of micro-sized pits (11) uniformly arranged on the surfaces of the first spiral baffles (3) and the second spiral baffles (4).

5. The dialysate filter of claim 1, wherein: The material of the temperature-sensitive polymer is poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide); the material of the base polymer is polysulfone PSU; by periodically switching the temperature of the dialysate between slightly lower than and higher than the LCST, the membrane holes of the wave-shaped hollow fiber membrane bundle (2) are periodically opened and closed.

6. A dialysate filter according to claim 5, characterised in that: The tubular shell (1) is respectively screwed with an upper end cover (12) and a lower end cover (13) at both ends; the upper end cover (12) and the lower end cover (13) are respectively installed with a blood inlet tube (14) and a blood outlet tube (15); the tubular shell (1) is respectively provided with a dialysate outlet tube (16) and a dialysate inlet tube (17) near the upper end cover (12) and the lower end cover (13) on the side surface.

7. A dialysis apparatus comprising a dialysate filter according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: It also includes a fixing frame (18) and a clamping device (19) for clamping the tubular shell (1); the fixing frame (18) includes a T-shaped support plate (20); the top of the T-shaped support plate (20) is fixed with a fixing disc (21); the side surface of the fixing disc (21) is continuously provided with a ball seat (22); the inner bottom surface of the ball seat (22) is provided with an avoiding hole (23); the clamping device (19) includes a positioning plate (24); the outer wall of the positioning plate (24) is fixed with an extension rod (25); the end of the extension rod (25) is fixed with a ball head (26) matched with the ball seat (22); The extending rod (25) is uniformly fixed with a plurality of arc sleeves (27) on the side surface; the arc sleeve (27) is internally slidably provided with an arc plate (28); the arc plate (28) is fixed with a first connecting ball (29) at the end; the arc plate (28) and the arc sleeve (27) are fixedly connected with an arc spring.

8. A dialysis device according to claim 7, characterised in that: The positioning plate (24) is fixed with clamping rings (30) matched with the tubular shell (1) at both ends; the ends of the two clamping rings (30) are respectively provided with clamping grooves (31) matched with the dialysate outlet pipe (16) and the dialysate inlet pipe (17); the outer walls of the dialysate outlet pipe (16) and the dialysate inlet pipe (17) are all screwed with fixing members (32); the fixing member (32) comprises a threaded pipe (33); the outer wall of the threaded pipe (33) is rotatably provided with a swivel ring (34); the outer wall of the swivel ring (34) is fixed with an ear plate (35); the side surface of the ear plate (35) is fixed with an insertion rod (36); the outer wall of the clamping ring (30) is provided with an insertion hole (37) matched with the insertion rod (36).

9. A dialysis device according to claim 8, characterised in that: The clamping ring (30) and the positioning plate (24) are all provided with a plurality of screw holes (38); the outer wall of the positioning plate (24) is fixedly installed with anti-dropping parts (39) near both ends and the outer walls of the two clamping rings (30); the anti-dropping part (39) comprises a fixed frame (40); the inner wall of the fixed frame (40) is symmetrically rotatably provided with a guide roller (41); the top and the bottom of the fixed frame (40) are both fixed with mounting plates (42); the mounting plate (42) is fixedly installed in the corresponding screw hole (38) through a fastening bolt; The side surface of the fixed frame (40) is fixed with an L-shaped plate (43); the L-shaped plate (43) and the fixed frame (40) are fixed with a sliding rod (44); the surface of the L-shaped plate (43) is slidably provided with a sliding plate (45) slidably matched with the sliding rod (44); the sliding plate (45) and the L-shaped plate (43) are fixed with a reset spring (46) sleeved on the sliding rod (44); the end of the guide roller (41) is fixed with a rotating rod (47); the outer wall of the rotating rod (47) is provided with a spiral groove (48); the surface of the sliding plate (45) is fixed with an ear rod (49); the end of the ear rod (49) is fixed with a second connecting ball (50) matched with the spiral groove (48).

10. A dialysis device according to claim 9, characterised in that: The outer wall of the ball head (26) is fixed with a fixed rod (51); the end of the fixed rod (51) is fixed with a shutter (52); the side of the fixed disc (21) is fixed with an ear seat (53); the surface of the ear seat (53) is fixedly installed with an alarm (54), and the bottom surface is fixed with an infrared range finder (55); the side of the T-shaped support plate (20) is fixed with a controller (56); the fixed frame (40) is fixed with an extension seat (57); the bottom of each extension seat (57) is fixed with a guide pipe (58) for blood inlet pipe (14), blood outlet pipe (15), dialysis liquid inlet pipe (17) and dialysis liquid outlet pipe (16) to pass through; the blood inlet pipe (14), the blood outlet pipe (15), the dialysis liquid inlet pipe (17) and the dialysis liquid outlet pipe (16) between the guide roller (41) and the guide pipe (58) form a reserved buffer section (59); the outer wall of the reserved buffer section (59) is provided with a wear-resistant layer (60); The side of the L-shaped plate (43) is sequentially installed with a pressure sensor (61) and an electromagnetic coil (62); the outer wall of the ear rod (49) is sequentially installed with an abutting rod (63) and an armature column (64); the side of the T-shaped support plate (20) is installed with an air pump; the side of the fixed disc (21) is uniformly fixed with a plurality of core rods (65); the outer wall of the core rod (65) is provided with an air bag (66); the outer wall of the air bag (66) is sequentially connected with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe; the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are both provided with electromagnetic valves; the air inlet pipe and the air pump output end are connected through a hose.

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