Fluorine-containing vocs exhaust gas purification treatment process and device in lithium battery disassembly and recycling process

Abstract

The application discloses a fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification treatment process and device in lithium battery disassembly and recycling, belongs to the fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification treatment technical field, and specifically comprises a pretreatment unit, a core purification unit and a post-treatment unit; is a combined process integrated series multi-stage purification process based on a quenching tower, a dry chemical filter group, a heat accumulation combustion furnace and an alkali spraying washing tower, and improves waste gas grading treatment effect; wherein, the pretreatment unit composed of the quenching tower and the dry chemical filter group is used for carrying out step-by-step gradient cooling on waste gas and carrying out dry chemical adsorption through a multi-module axial function gradient in a pretreatment stage, and the core role is to remove most of fluorides in advance and efficiently before the waste gas enters the core purification unit (the heat accumulation combustion furnace), so that the conditions for forming hydrofluoric acid corrosion are eliminated from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment technology, and more specifically, to a process and apparatus for fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment during the dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium batteries are batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive and negative electrode materials and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. During the recycling process, a large amount of fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas is generated due to the surface breakage of lithium batteries. At present, efficient purification and treatment of fluorine-containing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) waste gas generated during the recycling process of lithium batteries is a very high technical challenge, mainly because its composition is complex, it contains highly corrosive fluorides (such as HF), and there are many types of VOCs.

[0003] A search revealed that patent CN117357997A discloses "a waste gas purification device for lithium battery recycling." This device, designed to address the treatment needs of fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas generated during lithium battery recycling, proposes a multi-group, easily detachable purification structure design. Multiple waste gas processors absorb and purify the waste gas molecules generated by the lithium battery according to six different effects. It employs a parallel multi-group purification system, targeting different pollutants (such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, carbonates, fluorides, etc.). However, in actual treatment of fluorinated VOCs waste gas, there is a lack of a series multi-stage purification process (such as pretreatment → catalytic combustion → alkaline washing → deep adsorption). It is difficult to achieve efficient and thorough purification by simply using "block-type purification main body" for physical adsorption or simple reaction. In addition, since the airflow direction is axial, the outermost layer (air inlet) adsorbent comes into contact with high concentration pollutants first and therefore becomes saturated the fastest, while the inner layer adsorbent often has to be replaced before it is fully utilized.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent CN207950933U discloses "An organic waste gas treatment system generated during lithium battery recycling". The system uses a bag filter, catalytic combustion equipment and an alkaline tank. After dust removal, the waste gas directly enters the catalytic combustion equipment. The hydrogen fluoride in the fluorine-containing waste gas is highly corrosive. Without treatment, it will corrode the subsequent purification equipment and poison the catalytic combustion catalyst, thereby greatly shortening the service life of the entire treatment equipment.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the actual technical defects, a process and device for purifying and treating fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of practical purification and to provide a process and device for purifying fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the process of lithium battery dismantling and recycling, including a pretreatment unit, a core purification unit, and a post-treatment unit. The pretreatment unit includes a quench tower and a dry chemical filter group. The core purification unit is a regenerative combustion furnace installed in conjunction with the dry chemical filter group. The post-treatment unit includes an alkaline spray tower and an electrostatic precipitator. The quench tower includes a tower body, an inlet pipe, and an exhaust pipe. A conical flow divider structure is installed at the bottom of the tower body, a lower atomizing structure is provided at the top of the conical flow divider structure, and an upper atomizing structure is provided above the lower atomizing structure. The conical flow splitting structure includes a conical guide vane fixedly installed in the bottom space of the tower body and connected to the air inlet pipe. The top of the conical guide vane is provided with a heat exchange conical platform with reserved airflow space between it and the heat exchange conical platform. Multiple flow splitting plates with their tops connected to the bottom wall of the heat exchange conical platform are fixedly distributed in a ring on the conical surface of the conical guide vane. The multiple flow splitting plates divide the airflow space into multiple sub-flow splitting gaps. The dry chemical filter assembly includes a pair of filter canisters installed in parallel. The bottom inlet of the pair of filter canisters is provided with an exhaust pipe that is connected to the exhaust pipe. The top outlet of the pair of filter canisters is provided with an exhaust pipe that is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the regenerative combustion furnace. A gradient adsorption module is embedded inside the filter canister.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat exchange conical platform is a conical structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and hollow inside. A heat exchange annular cavity that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top is reserved between the circumferential conical surface of the heat exchange conical platform and the inner wall of the tower body. The lower atomizing structure is placed at the top of the heat exchange annular cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the multiple sub-splitter gaps are used to connect the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe with the heat exchange ring cavity, and the outer diameter of the sub-splitter gaps gradually increases from the inside to the outside.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer end wall of the heat exchange conical platform is circumferentially distributed with multiple upper scrapers, the upper ends of the multiple upper scrapers extend together to the middle of the top of the heat exchange conical platform and are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, and a miniature drive motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is embedded inside the heat exchange conical platform.

[0011] Furthermore, a rotating fan plate is rotatably installed on the filter tank, and a sealed inner jacket adapted to the gradient adsorption module is embedded on the opposite end wall of the filter tank and the rotating fan plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the gradient adsorption module includes a primary adsorption layer, a chemisorption layer, and a fine adsorption layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top. Porous flow dividers are installed at the bottom of the primary adsorption layer and between each pair of the primary adsorption layer, chemisorption layer, and fine adsorption layer. The primary adsorption layer, chemisorption layer, and fine adsorption layer all have a conical structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, switching valves are installed on the end walls of the inlet pipe and outlet pipe near the ends of the pair of filter tanks, and a flow sensor is also installed on the outlet pipe that is closer to the air outlet of the filter tank than the switching valve.

[0014] This invention also proposes a process for purifying fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Rapid Cooling and Dust Pre-removal Stage: The exhaust gas generated during the lithium battery recycling process is introduced into the rapid cooling tower for atomization cooling and dust filtration. In this process, the exhaust gas brought up from the inlet pipe is diverted and slowed down by the conical diversion structure to achieve gradual cooling and make the exhaust gas temperature drop to the preset temperature in a short time. Step 2, Deep Defluorination and Pre-corrosion Prevention Stage: After being cooled by the quench tower, the exhaust gas enters the dry chemical filter group. Under dry and low-temperature conditions, the exhaust gas flows from bottom to top through the gradient adsorption module. Through chemical adsorption, the fluorides in the exhaust gas are efficiently removed, fundamentally eliminating the source of corrosion. Step 3, VOCs high-efficiency decomposition stage: The pretreated waste gas is passed into a regenerative thermal combustion furnace. In this process, volatile organic compounds are completely oxidized and decomposed into harmless CO2 and H2O at high temperature. Step 4, Terminal Purification: The high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion and decomposition is sequentially passed into an alkaline spray tower and an electrostatic precipitator for cooling and dust removal, and the clean gas is discharged in compliance with standards.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: Based on the integrated series of a multi-stage purification process consisting of a quench tower, a dry chemical filter assembly, a regenerative combustion furnace, and an alkaline spray scrubbing tower, the pretreatment unit, composed of a quench tower and a dry chemical filter assembly, improves the graded treatment effect. Its core function is to remove most of the fluorides in advance and efficiently before the exhaust gas enters the core purification unit through quenching and dry chemical adsorption, thus eliminating the conditions for hydrofluoric acid corrosion at the source.

[0016] For the rapid cooling process, a conical diversion structure is added to the bottom of the tower. When the exhaust gas enters upward through the inlet pipe, it diffuses evenly from the center point along the diversion gap and then moves upward along the conical surface of the heat exchange conical platform, achieving excellent intake flow uniformity and deceleration. Combined with the lower atomizing structure installed in the middle of the tower, the first countercurrent heat exchange is carried out, and the upper atomizing structure installed in the upper space of the tower carries out the second main heat exchange, realizing a step-by-step gradient cooling. The heat exchange conical platform is not only used for airflow uniform distribution, but also serves as a rapid cooling surface for heat transfer. The spray liquid can form a thin liquid film on the conical inclined surface. When the exhaust gas comes into contact with the liquid film, the heat exchange area is large, which is more efficient than simple droplet collision cooling. For dry chemical adsorption processes, a gradient adsorption module is installed inside the filter tank. The gradient adsorption module includes a primary adsorption layer, a chemical adsorption layer, and a fine adsorption layer arranged in a conical shape from bottom to top. The multifunctional adsorption module uses axial flow to form a functional gradient. The conical adsorption module, which is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, solves the problem of different adsorption degrees inside and outside. A porous flow divider is added between the adsorption modules to distribute and slow down the airflow, which plays a controllable role in adsorption residence time, thereby achieving the optimal matching of flow rate, pressure drop, and residence time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall modular structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the quench tower of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conical flow splitting structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the quench tower of the present invention during operation; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dry chemical filter assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter tank of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a split view of the gradient adsorption module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the gradient adsorption module of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a process flow diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 11. Quenching tower; 12. Tower body; 13. Inlet pipe; 14. Exhaust pipe; 15. Conical guide vane; 16. Heat exchange conical platform; 17. Flow divider; 18. Lower atomizing structure; 19. Upper atomizing structure; Dry chemical filter assembly; 21. Filter tank; 22. Rotating fan plate; 23. Inlet pipe; 24. Outlet pipe; 55. Sealed inner jacket; 26. Gradient adsorption module; 261. Primary adsorption layer; 262. Chemisorption layer; 263. Fine adsorption layer; 264. Porous flow divider; 27. Flow sensor; Regenerative combustion furnace; Alkali spray tower; Electrostatic precipitator. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: This invention discloses a device for purifying and treating fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling process of lithium batteries. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 It includes a pretreatment unit, a core purification unit, and a posttreatment unit. The pretreatment unit includes a quench tower 1 and a dry chemical filter group 2 installed in conjunction with each other. The core purification unit is a regenerative combustion furnace 3 installed in conjunction with the dry chemical filter group 2. The posttreatment unit includes an alkali spray tower 4 and an electrostatic precipitator 5 installed in conjunction with each other. The alkali spray tower 4 and the regenerative combustion furnace 3 are installed in conjunction with each other.

[0021] Please see Figures 2-4 The quench tower 1 includes a tower body 11, an air inlet pipe 12 installed at the bottom of the tower body 11, and an exhaust pipe 13 at the top. A conical flow divider structure adapted to the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 12 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body 11. A lower atomizing structure 17 installed at the inner ring wall in the middle of the tower body 11 is provided at the top of the conical flow divider structure. An upper atomizing structure 18 adapted to the lower atomizing structure 17 is installed at the top of the tower body 11. The conical flow divider structure includes a conical guide vane 14 fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body 11 with a reserved reflux gap between the lower end wall and the inner wall of the tower body 11. The reflux gap is used for the discharge of wastewater. The center opening of the conical guide vane 14 is connected to the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 12. The top of the conical guide vane 14 is provided with a heat exchange conical platform 15 coaxially arranged with reserved airflow space. Multiple flow dividers 16 are fixedly distributed in a ring on the conical surface of the conical guide vane 14, with their top ends connected to the bottom end wall of the heat exchange conical platform 15. The multiple flow dividers 16 divide the airflow space into multiple sub-flow dividers.

[0022] Further detailed explanation of the conical flow distribution structure: the heat exchange conical platform 15 is a conical structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and hollow inside. A heat exchange ring cavity that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top is reserved between the circumferential conical surface of the heat exchange conical platform 15 and the inner wall of the tower body 11. The lower atomizing structure 17 is placed at the top of the heat exchange ring cavity. Multiple sub-splitter gaps are used to connect the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 12 with the heat exchange annular cavity. The outer diameter of the sub-splitter gaps gradually increases from the inside to the outside. The air inlet pipe 12 is centrally located, avoiding the "flow deviation" problem common in side air intake. The cooperation between the multiple flow dividers 16 and the conical guide vanes 14, as well as the heat exchange conical platform 15 with a conical structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, not only diverts the exhaust gas discharged upward from the air inlet pipe 12, but also gradually increases the flow cross-sectional area when the exhaust gas diffuses from the center point to the surrounding area, thus slowing down the flowing exhaust gas and achieving excellent flow field distribution and deceleration effect. The exhaust gas moves upward along the conical slope. The lower atomizing structure 17, installed in the middle of the tower body 11, performs the first countercurrent heat exchange on the slowly and uniformly rising exhaust gas. The heat exchange conical platform 15 also serves as a rapid cooling surface for heat transfer. The spray liquid can form a thin liquid film on the conical slope. When the exhaust gas comes into contact with the liquid film, the heat exchange area is large, which is more efficient than simple droplet collision cooling. The upper atomizing structure 18, installed in the upper space of the tower body 11, performs the second main heat exchange. The evaporation of water mist absorbs heat, which can quickly reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas from 500-800℃ or even higher to between 70-80℃ in a very short time. It should be noted that the heat exchange cone 15 corresponds to the highest temperature of the exhaust gas and the largest spray water volume. After the first countercurrent heat exchange, the exhaust gas continues to flow upward and is finely cooled by the upper atomizing structure 18 arranged inside and outside.

[0023] Multiple upper scrapers 19 are distributed in a ring on the outer end wall of the heat exchange conical platform 15. The upper ends of the multiple upper scrapers 19 extend to the middle of the top of the heat exchange conical platform 15 and are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. The lower end of the rotating shaft extends through into the interior of the heat exchange conical platform 15. A miniature drive motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is embedded in the middle of the heat exchange conical platform 15. Although the heat exchange conical platform 15 plays a role in efficient heat exchange and equalization, on another level, scale will accumulate on the end wall of the heat exchange conical platform 15 during the heat exchange process. Adding a set of upper scrapers 19 that are movably fitted to the conical surface of the heat exchange conical platform 15 can periodically perform a rotating scraping action to remove the scale on the outer wall of the heat exchange conical platform 15.

[0024] Please see Figures 5-8 The dry chemical filter assembly 2 includes a pair of filter canisters 21 installed in parallel. The bottom inlet of the pair of filter canisters 21 is provided with an inlet pipe 23 that is connected to the exhaust pipe 13. The top outlet of the pair of filter canisters 21 is provided with an outlet pipe 24 that is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the regenerative combustion furnace 3. A gradient adsorption module 26 is embedded inside the filter canister 21. A rotating fan plate 22 is rotatably installed on the filter canister 21. Sealing inner jackets 25 adapted to the gradient adsorption module 26 are embedded on the opposite end walls of the filter canister 21 and the rotating fan plate 22. The pair of sealing inner jackets 25 are used to seal the gradient adsorption module 26 after docking. Switching valves are installed on the end walls of the inlet pipe 23 and outlet pipe 24 near the ends of the pair of filter tanks 21. A flow sensor 27 is also installed on the outlet pipe 24, which is closer to the outlet of the filter tank 21 than the switching valve. A pair of dry chemical filter groups 2 are installed in parallel. Based on the flow monitoring of the flow sensor 27, the pair of dry chemical filter groups 2 can be switched autonomously. On the one hand, the other gradient adsorption module 26 that has been saturated can be replaced without affecting the chemical adsorption process.

[0025] The gradient adsorption module 26 includes a primary adsorption layer 261, a chemical adsorption layer 262, and a fine adsorption layer 263 arranged from bottom to top. A porous flow divider 264 is installed at the bottom of the primary adsorption layer 261 and between each pair of the primary adsorption layer 261, chemical adsorption layer 262, and fine adsorption layer 263. The primary adsorption layer 261 can be made of filter cotton or ceramic fiber board to remove large dust particles. The chemical adsorption layer 262 uses alkaline adsorbents such as calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to capture most of the fluorides and acidic gases. The fine adsorption layer 263 uses high-density, high-efficiency special adsorbents such as activated alumina to ensure deep purification of escaped fluorides. Fluorides undergo irreversible chemical reactions with the adsorbent to generate stable solid substances such as calcium fluoride, which are trapped in the gradient adsorption module 26.

[0026] Regarding the structural design of the gradient adsorption module 26, it should be noted that the primary adsorption layer 261, the chemisorption layer 262, and the fine adsorption layer 263 all have a conical structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The outer diameter of the upper end of the primary adsorption layer 261 is the same as the outer diameter of the lower end of the chemisorption layer 262, and the outer diameter of the upper end of the chemisorption layer 262 is the same as the outer diameter of the lower end of the fine adsorption layer 263. The outer diameter of the multiple porous flow dividers 264 gradually decreases from bottom to top. The multifunctional adsorption module adopts axial flow to form a functional gradient, while the conical adsorption module with a wider bottom and narrower top solves the problem of uneven adsorption between the inside and outside. It should be noted that the outer diameter of the adsorption module decreases slightly from bottom to top to avoid the airflow speed increasing too much from bottom to top. The core function of the primary adsorption layer 261 is "flow equalization", and "speed reduction" is an inevitable accompanying effect after achieving flow equalization, which further reduces the upward flow velocity of the airflow and effectively ensures sufficient residence time for waste gas adsorption.

[0027] Example 2: This invention also proposes a process for purifying fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries, including the following steps: Please see Figure 9Step 1, rapid cooling and dust pre-removal stage: The exhaust gas generated during the lithium battery recycling process is introduced into the rapid cooling tower 1 for atomization cooling and dust filtration. In this process, the exhaust gas brought out from the inlet pipe 12 is diverted and slowed down by the conical diversion structure to achieve gradual cooling, so that the exhaust gas temperature can be rapidly reduced to the preset temperature in a short time, such as about 70-80℃. Step 2, Deep Defluorination and Pre-corrosion Prevention Stage: The exhaust gas cooled by the quench tower enters the parallel and coordinated dry chemical filter group 2. The dry chemical filter group 2 is filled with multi-layer, functionally graded adsorption modules. Under dry and low-temperature conditions, the exhaust gas flows from bottom to top through the gradient adsorption module 26. Through chemical adsorption, hydrogen fluoride, phosphorus pentafluoride and other fluorides in the exhaust gas are efficiently removed, fundamentally eliminating the source of corrosion. Step 3, VOCs efficient decomposition stage: The pretreated waste gas, which is now basically free of fluorine, is introduced into the regenerative thermal combustion furnace 3. In this process, the volatile organic compounds are completely oxidized and decomposed into harmless CO2 and H2O at high temperature. Step 4, Terminal Purification: The high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion and decomposition is sequentially passed into the alkali spray tower (4) and the electrostatic precipitator 5 for cooling and dust removal, and the clean gas is discharged in compliance with standards.

[0028] The above description represents only preferred embodiments of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and improved concepts of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A purification and treatment device for fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling process of lithium batteries, comprising a pretreatment unit, a core purification unit, and a post-treatment unit, characterized in that: The pretreatment unit includes a quench tower (1) and a dry chemical filter group (2), the core purification unit is a regenerative combustion furnace (3) installed in conjunction with the dry chemical filter group (2), and the posttreatment unit includes an alkali spray tower (4) and an electrostatic precipitator (5). The quench tower (1) includes a tower body (11), an air inlet pipe (12) and an exhaust pipe (13). A conical flow divider structure is installed at the bottom of the tower body (11), a lower atomizing structure (17) is provided at the top of the conical flow divider structure, and an upper atomizing structure (18) is provided above the lower atomizing structure (17). The conical flow splitting structure includes a conical guide vane (14) fixedly installed in the bottom space of the tower body (11) and connected to the air inlet pipe (12). The top of the conical guide vane (14) is provided with a heat exchange conical platform (15) with reserved airflow space between it and the heat exchange conical platform (15). Multiple flow splitting plates (16) with their top ends connected to the bottom wall of the heat exchange conical platform (15) are fixedly distributed in a ring on the conical surface of the conical guide vane (14). The multiple flow splitting plates (16) divide the airflow space into multiple sub-flow splitting gaps. The dry chemical filter assembly (2) includes a pair of filter canisters (21) installed in parallel. The bottom air inlet of the pair of filter canisters (21) is provided with an inlet pipe (23) that is connected to the exhaust pipe (13). The top air outlet of the pair of filter canisters (21) is provided with an outlet pipe (24) that is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the regenerative combustion furnace (3). The filter canisters (21) are equipped with a gradient adsorption module (26).

2. The fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the lithium battery dismantling and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange conical platform (15) is a conical structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and hollow inside. A heat exchange ring cavity that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top is reserved between the circumferential conical surface of the heat exchange conical platform (15) and the inner wall of the tower body (11). The lower atomizing structure (17) is placed at the top of the heat exchange ring cavity.

3. The fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the lithium battery dismantling and recycling process according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple sub-splitter gaps are used to connect the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe (12) with the heat exchange ring cavity, and the outer diameter of the sub-splitter gaps gradually increases from the inside to the outside.

4. The fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the lithium battery dismantling and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange conical platform (15) has multiple upper scrapers (19) distributed in a ring on its outer end wall. The upper ends of the multiple upper scrapers (19) extend to the middle of the top of the heat exchange conical platform (15) and are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. A miniature drive motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is embedded inside the heat exchange conical platform (15).

5. The fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the lithium battery dismantling and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter tank (21) is rotatably mounted with a flip fan plate (22), and a sealed inner jacket (25) adapted to the gradient adsorption module (26) is embedded on the opposite end wall of the filter tank (21) and the flip fan plate (22).

6. The fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the lithium battery dismantling and recycling process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gradient adsorption module (26) includes a primary adsorption layer (261), a chemical adsorption layer (262), and a fine adsorption layer (263) arranged from bottom to top. A porous flow divider plate (264) is installed at the bottom of the primary adsorption layer (261) and between each pair of the primary adsorption layer (261), the chemical adsorption layer (262), and the fine adsorption layer (263). The primary adsorption layer (261), the chemical adsorption layer (262), and the fine adsorption layer (263) all have a conical structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

7. The fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device in the lithium battery dismantling and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet pipe (23) and outlet pipe (24) are each equipped with a switching valve on the end wall near the end of the pair of filter tanks (21), and a flow sensor (27) is also installed on the outlet pipe (24) closer to the outlet of the filter tank (21) than the switching valve.

8. A process for purifying fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas during the dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries, comprising the fluorine-containing VOCs waste gas purification and treatment device as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, rapid cooling and dust removal stage: The exhaust gas generated during the lithium battery recycling process is introduced into the rapid cooling tower (1) for atomization cooling and dust filtration. In this process, the exhaust gas discharged upward from the inlet pipe (12) is diverted and decelerated through the conical diversion structure to achieve gradual cooling and make the exhaust gas temperature drop rapidly to the preset temperature in a short time. Step 2, Deep Defluorination and Pre-corrosion Prevention Stage: After being cooled by the quench tower, the exhaust gas enters the dry chemical filter group (2). Under dry and low temperature conditions, the exhaust gas flows from bottom to top through the gradient adsorption module (26). Through chemical adsorption, the fluorides in the exhaust gas are efficiently removed. Step 3, VOCs efficient decomposition stage: The pretreated waste gas is passed into the regenerative combustion furnace (3). In this process, the volatile organic compounds are completely oxidized and decomposed into harmless CO2 and H2O at high temperature. Step 4, Terminal Purification: The high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion and decomposition is sequentially passed into the alkali spray tower (4) and the electrostatic precipitator (5) for cooling and dust removal, and the clean gas is discharged in compliance with standards.

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