Device and method for improving port isolation of base transceiver station array

Abstract

The application relates to a device and a method for improving the port isolation degree of a base station transceiving subarray, and belongs to the antenna design field.The device comprises a floor, a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array are arranged on the floor, and an isolation structure is arranged between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; the isolation structure comprises a first grid plate arranged perpendicularly to the floor, and a second grid plate connected to the top end of the first grid plate; the second grid plate is at least two, and two or more second grid plates are respectively arranged obliquely towards the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array. The device provided by the application can improve the port isolation degree of the base station transceiving subarray, and has simple structure, wide frequency compatibility, and low influence on transmission quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna design technology, and in particular to a device and method for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray. Background Technology

[0002] As mobile communication technology evolves from 4G LTE to 5G NR, base station antennas are typically divided into multiple physically compact transceiver subarrays to achieve multi-band compatibility and reduce system complexity and cost. These subarrays are deployed on the floor surface of the base station antenna. The electromagnetic energy generated by the transmitting antenna array during operation can easily couple to adjacent receiving antenna arrays through two paths: surface waves propagating along the floor and space waves radiated through space. This coupling significantly raises the noise floor of the receiving antenna array, leading to decreased receiver sensitivity, directly manifested as signal quality deterioration, reduced coverage, and even beam pointing deviation or beamforming failure. Therefore, improving the isolation between the ports of the transceiver subarrays has become a core requirement in base station antenna design.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream isolation enhancement solutions in the industry adopt electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, with the mushroom-shaped EBG structure being the most typical. The top of each unit in this structure is a square metal sheet, and the bottom is connected to the ground plane via short-circuit posts. In use, the transmitting and receiving subarrays must be arranged in a periodic pattern. Its working principle is based on the electromagnetic wave hysteresis effect; that is, it utilizes the L / C resonant circuit equivalent to the EBG structure to hysteresis and store coupled surface waves or space waves within the structure. Energy oscillation loss prevents further propagation of the coupled waves, thereby achieving isolation.

[0004] However, existing EBG isolation solutions require adjusting multiple parameters such as the size of the square metal sheet, the height of the short-circuit post, and the spacing between elements to match the L / C resonant characteristics. The parameters are strongly coupled, and there is a lack of clear operating frequency and bandwidth calculation formulas. The design relies entirely on engineers' experience and a lot of trial and error, resulting in extremely low R&D efficiency. Furthermore, since the isolation effect of the EBG structure depends on the single-frequency resonant characteristics of the L / C circuit, it can only achieve effective isolation at a single frequency point, which cannot cover the multi-band requirements of 5G NR and has poor compatibility. In addition, the EBG structure requires a large number of elements to periodically stack to achieve the isolation effect. The stacked metal structure is prone to generating additional radiation, which directly interferes with the original radiation field distribution of the antenna array, especially significantly deteriorating the cross-polarization characteristics of the array and affecting the signal transmission quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device and method for improving the port isolation of base station transceiver array subarrays that is simple in structure, wideband compatible, and has minimal impact on transmission quality, in order to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] An apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver array subarray, the apparatus comprising a floor, on which a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array are disposed, and an isolation structure is disposed between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; The isolation structure includes a first grid plate disposed perpendicular to the floor, and a second grid plate connected to the top of the first grid plate; There are at least two second grid plates, and the two or more second grid plates are respectively tilted toward the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array.

[0007] A method for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver array, the method comprising: Based on preset design parameters, an isolation structure is set between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; the isolation structure includes a first grid plate set perpendicular to the floor, and a second grid plate connected above the first grid plate; The surface wave propagates along the floor to the first grid plate, and part of the surface wave is reflected by the first grid plate to form a first coupled surface wave. The first coupled surface wave and the surface wave are out of phase and cancel each other out. Part of the second coupled surface wave diffracts along the first grid plate to the second grid plate. The spatial wave propagates through space to the second grating plate, and forms a first coupled spatial wave and a second coupled spatial wave through the second grating plate; The first coupled spatial wave and the second coupled surface wave cancel each other out of phase; the second coupled spatial wave cancels out the remaining surface wave.

[0008] Compared with existing technologies, the apparatus and method for improving the port isolation of base station transceiver arrays provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. By using a vertically arranged first grid plate and an inclined second grid plate, dual suppression of surface waves and space waves can be achieved, significantly improving the isolation between the ports of the transmitting and receiving subarrays.

[0009] 2. The isolation structure is simply a combination of the first and second grid plates, which is simple in structure, compact in layout, has no redundant parts, high design efficiency, and significantly reduces assembly difficulty; it is also easy to process, which can significantly reduce costs and is conducive to large-scale engineering applications.

[0010] 3. The isolation principle of the device proposed in this invention is based on electromagnetic wave reflection and phase cancellation. It can function as long as the phase cancellation condition is met within the target frequency band, without relying on single-frequency resonance, and can be compatible with multi-frequency communication scenarios.

[0011] 4. The grid structure of the device proposed in this invention only reflects and cancels coupled waves, does not actively radiate energy, and has no complex periodic accumulation, so it will not interfere with the original radiation field distribution of the antenna array. It effectively avoids the impact on core performance such as array cross-polarization and beam pointing, ensures signal transmission quality, and meets the design requirements of low-performance interference for base station antennas. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other related drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the device for improving the port isolation of the base station transceiver array provided in Embodiment 1; Figure 2 An isometric view of the first structure of the device for improving the port isolation of the base station transceiver subarray provided in Embodiment 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the device for improving the port isolation of the base station transceiver subarray provided in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the device for improving the port isolation of the base station transceiver array provided in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the port isolation results without the addition of an isolation structure provided in Example 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the port isolation result after adding the isolation structure as provided in Example 1; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the method for improving the port isolation of the base station transceiver array provided in Example 2; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Floor, 2. Transmitting antenna array, 3. Receiving antenna array, 4. Isolation structure, 5. First grid plate, 6. Second grid plate.

[0014] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0017] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0018] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] It is understood that the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver array. The apparatus includes a base station antenna mounting plate 1, on which a transmitting antenna array 2 and a receiving antenna array 3 are disposed, both of which are base station arrays. With the two-dimensional plane of the plate 1 as a reference, the array elements are arranged along the X-axis to form a column direction, and are compactly arranged along the Y-axis to form a transverse direction.

[0022] An isolation structure 4 is provided between the transmitting antenna array 2 and the receiving antenna array 3. The isolation structure 4 includes a first grid plate 5 perpendicular to the floor 1 and a second grid plate 6 connected to the top of the first grid plate 5. There are at least two second grid plates 6, which are tilted towards the transmitting antenna array 2 and the receiving antenna array 3, respectively. The first grid plate 5 directly reflects part of the surface waves propagating along the floor 1, reducing the initial coupling energy. The tilted design of the second grid plate 6 decomposes the space waves, so that the decomposed components form anti-phase cancellation with the diffracted surface waves and residual surface waves, respectively, achieving dual suppression of surface waves and space waves, and significantly improving the isolation between the ports of the transmitting and receiving subarrays. This structure breaks through the design concept of periodic stacking of existing EBG structures. Through the synergistic effect of reflection by the vertical first grid plate 5 and decomposition and cancellation by the tilted second grid plate 6, not only is dual suppression of surface waves and space waves achieved, but the isolation structure 4 is also simplified, making it simple and easy to design.

[0023] In one embodiment, the isolation structure 4 is designed as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The basic structure shown is designed as two first grid plates 5. The two first grid plates 5 are arranged symmetrically along the transverse center line between the transmitting antenna array 2 and the receiving antenna array 3; a second grid plate 6 is connected to the top of each first grid plate 5, wherein one second grid plate 6 is inclined toward the transmitting antenna array 2 and the other second grid plate 6 is inclined toward the receiving antenna array 3.

[0024] Furthermore, to achieve a higher degree of isolation, isolation structure 4 can be cascaded on top of the basic structure, such as... Figure 3 As shown, multiple first grid plates 5 are symmetrically arranged along the transverse centerline, and preferably an even number of first grid plates 5 are provided. A second grid plate 6 is connected to the top of each first grid plate 5. Specifically, the second grid plate 6 connected to the top of the first grid plate 5 closest to the transmitting antenna array 2 is inclined towards the transmitting antenna array 2; the second grid plate 6 connected to the top of the first grid plate 5 closest to the receiving antenna array 3 is also inclined towards the receiving antenna array 3. By symmetrically arranging multiple cascaded first grid plates 5, the reflection path of surface waves can be increased, further enhancing the suppression effect on surface waves.

[0025] In one embodiment, the isolation structure 4 can also be simplified as follows: Figure 4 The independent isolation structure 4 shown is designed as a first grid plate 5, with two second grid plates 6 connected to the top of the first grid plate 5. The first grid plate 5 is arranged along the transverse center line, and the two second grid plates 6 are symmetrically arranged at the top of the first grid plate 5. The two second grid plates 6 face the transmitting antenna array 2 and the receiving antenna array 3 respectively, forming a "Y" shaped structure.

[0026] It can be seen that the device proposed in this invention does not require the addition of complex three-dimensional units. Performance can be improved simply by optimizing the number of the first grid plate 5. It does not require the stacking of a large number of units, can adapt to the compact layout requirements of base station antennas, and has little cross-influence on the performance of the antenna array.

[0027] In one embodiment, the first grid plate 5 and the second grid plate 6 are designed based on the wavelength λ corresponding to the center operating frequency of the base station transceiver array. Specifically, the spacing between two adjacent first grid plates 5 along the transverse centerline is 0.038λ-0.042λ, preferably 0.04λ; the spacing between cascaded first grid plates 5 on one side, based on the transverse centerline, is 0.11λ-0.14λ, preferably 0.13λ; the height of the first grid plate 5 is 0.17λ-0.19λ, preferably 0.18λ; the length of the second grid plate 6 is 0.076λ-0.084λ, preferably 0.08λ; and the tilt angle of the second grid plate 6 is 57°-63°, preferably 60°. It can be seen that compared to existing EBG structures that require adjustment of multiple coupling parameters, the device proposed in this invention has clear design steps. The design can be completed using only three specific parameters—height, length, and tilt angle—based on the wavelength λ corresponding to the center operating frequency of the base station transceiver array, eliminating the need for trial and error and significantly simplifying the design process. It is worth noting that in the basic structure and cascade structure, the height and length of the first grid plate 5 and the second grid plate 6 can be the same or different, depending on the specific situation.

[0028] The first grid plate 5 and the second grid plate 6 are made of metal, preferably aluminum plate or copper-clad PCB board. This material has low cost and simple processing technology, and the plates are smaller and lighter, which can adapt to the space constraints of compact base station antenna layout, while reducing manufacturing costs and installation difficulty. This is more conducive to large-scale engineering applications.

[0029] The first grid plate 5 and the second grid plate 6 can be prepared separately and then fixedly connected by welding or other methods, or they can be integrally formed.

[0030] In one embodiment, the superiority of the device proposed in this invention is verified. For example... Figure 5 The diagram shows the base station transceiver array ports without added isolation structures. S5,1 represents the isolation between antenna transmit port 1 and receive port 5, S6,1 represents the isolation between antenna transmit port 1 and receive port 6, S7,1 represents the isolation between antenna transmit port 1 and receive port 7, and S8,1 represents the isolation between antenna transmit port 1 and receive port 8. It can be seen that the average isolation is approximately -7dB. Figure 6 As shown, the base station transceiver array ports with the isolation structure proposed in this invention have an average isolation of approximately -70dB. From... Figure 5 and Figure 6 Analysis shows that the isolation structure 4 proposed in this invention can significantly enhance the electromagnetic isolation effect between the transmitting and receiving subarrays. This improvement can effectively block the propagation of coupled energy from the transmitting antenna array 2 to the receiving antenna array 3, avoiding problems such as noise floor rise and sensitivity reduction at the receiving end due to coupling interference. Compared with the scenario without an isolation structure, it greatly improves the signal transmission quality and beamforming stability, fully demonstrating the significant superiority of this device in improving isolation performance and ensuring the operational stability of base station antennas.

[0031] Example 2 Based on the apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray in Embodiment 1, this embodiment discloses a method for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray. The method for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray includes the following steps: Step 201: Based on preset design parameters, an isolation structure is set between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; the isolation structure includes a first grid plate set perpendicular to the floor, and a second grid plate connected above the first grid plate.

[0032] It can be understood that the design parameters are the height, length, tilt angle and other parameters in the embodiment; if there are two or more first grid plates 5, the parameters such as spacing are also included. These parameters are designed based on the wavelength λ corresponding to the center working frequency.

[0033] After determining the specific design parameters of the first grid plate 5 and the second grid plate 6 in advance according to the requirements, the first grid plate 5 and the second grid plate 6 are installed on the base plate based on the design parameters to obtain the assembled isolation structure 4.

[0034] Step 202: The surface wave propagates along the floor to the first grid plate. Part of the surface wave is reflected by the first grid plate to form a first coupled surface wave. The first coupled surface wave and the surface wave are out of phase and cancel each other out. Part of the second coupled surface wave diffracts along the first grid plate to the second grid plate.

[0035] like Figure 7 As shown, when the transmitting antenna array 2 is operating, it generates surface waves, which propagate along the floor 1 towards the receiving antenna array 3. When the surface waves propagate to the first grating 5, part of the surface waves are reflected by the first grating 5 to form a first coupled surface wave. The first coupled surface wave cancels out the subsequent propagating surface waves. The remaining surface waves diffract along the first grating 5 to form a second coupled surface wave, which continues to propagate towards the second grating 6. By directly reflecting and initially suppressing the surface waves through the first grating 5, the surface wave coupling is directly weakened along the propagation path, improving the isolation efficiency.

[0036] Step 203: The spatial wave propagates through space to the second grating plate, forming a first coupled spatial wave and a second coupled spatial wave through the second grating plate.

[0037] Step 204: The first coupled spatial wave and the second coupled surface wave cancel each other out of phase; the second coupled spatial wave cancels each other out of the residual surface wave.

[0038] like Figure 7 As shown, the spatial wave generated by the transmitting antenna array 2 propagates through space to the second grating plate 6. Since the second grating plate 6 is tilted, the spatial wave is decomposed into a first coupled spatial wave on the surface of the second grating plate 6. Figure 7 Component 1 along the extension direction of the second grid plate 6) and the second coupled spatial wave ( Figure 7 The component 2 perpendicular to the extension direction of the second grating plate 6); wherein, the first coupled spatial wave and the second coupled surface wave diffracted along the first grating plate 5 cancel each other out of phase, further blocking the propagation of the second coupled surface wave; the second coupled spatial wave is reflected in the direction of the transmitting antenna array 2, and its component parallel to the ground 1 cancels each other out of phase with the residual surface wave, ultimately achieving dual suppression of surface waves and spatial waves.

[0039] This invention decomposes spatial waves and double antiphase cancellation, while suppressing the coupling paths of surface waves and spatial waves. Based on electromagnetic wave reflection and antiphase cancellation, it can function as long as the phase cancellation condition is met within the target frequency band. It does not rely on single-frequency resonance, is compatible with multi-frequency communication scenarios, and adapts to the multi-frequency operation requirements of base stations.

[0040] Furthermore, this invention only reflects and cancels coupled waves, does not actively radiate energy, and has no complex periodic accumulation, so it will not interfere with the original radiation field distribution of the antenna array. This effectively avoids the impact on core performance such as array cross-polarization and beam pointing, ensures signal transmission quality, and meets the design requirements of low-performance interference for base station antennas.

[0041] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0042] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver array subarray, the apparatus comprising a floor, wherein a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array are disposed on the floor, characterized in that, An isolation structure is provided between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; The isolation structure includes a first grid plate disposed perpendicular to the floor, and a second grid plate connected to the top of the first grid plate; There are at least two second grid plates, and the two or more second grid plates are respectively tilted toward the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; The first grid plate and the second grid plate are made of metal.

2. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first grid plate is a single plate, arranged along the transverse centerline between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; Two second grid plates are symmetrically arranged at the top of the first grid plate.

3. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first grid plate is configured as two or more, and the two or more first grid plates are symmetrically arranged along the transverse center line between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; A second grid plate is connected to the top of the first grid plate. With the transverse center line as a reference, the second grid plate connected to the top of the first grid plate of the transmitting antenna array is inclined toward the transmitting antenna array; the second grid plate connected to the top of the first grid plate of the receiving antenna array is inclined toward the receiving antenna array.

4. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver array according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The first and second gratings are designed based on the wavelength λ corresponding to the center operating frequency of the base station transceiver array.

5. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent first grid plates along the transverse centerline is 0.038λ-0.042λ; with the transverse centerline as the reference, the spacing between the first grid plates on one side is 0.11λ-0.14λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency of the base station transceiver array.

6. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the first grid plate is 0.17λ-0.19λ.

7. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the second grid plate is 0.076λ-0.084λ.

8. The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the second grid plate is 57°-63°.

9. A method for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver array, characterized in that, The apparatus for improving the port isolation of a base station transceiver subarray as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: Based on preset design parameters, an isolation structure is set between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array; the isolation structure includes a first grid plate set perpendicular to the floor, and a second grid plate connected above the first grid plate; The surface wave propagates along the floor to the first grid plate, and part of the surface wave is reflected by the first grid plate to form a first coupled surface wave. The first coupled surface wave and the surface wave are out of phase and cancel each other out. Part of the second coupled surface wave diffracts along the first grid plate to the second grid plate. The spatial wave propagates through space to the second grating plate, and forms a first coupled spatial wave and a second coupled spatial wave through the second grating plate; The first coupled spatial wave and the second coupled surface wave cancel each other out of phase; the second coupled spatial wave cancels out the remaining surface wave.

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