Absorber for direct air capture system

Abstract

An absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 110, 1200, 1300, 1300, 1400, 1500) for a direct air capture system (100) includes a housing (202). The housing (202) includes a first wall (204), a second wall (206) spaced apart from the first wall (204), a third wall (208), and a fourth wall (210) opposite the third wall (208). The absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1300, 1400, 1300, 1400, 1500) further includes a packing assembly (224, 824, 924, 1104, 1122, 132) disposed within the housing (202) and fluidly dividing the housing (202) into an inlet region (226) and an outlet region (228). The packing assembly (224, 824, 924, 1112, 1122, 132) includes at least one packing bed (230, 830, 930-1, 930-2, 113-1, 113-2, 113-3, 113-4, 123-1, 123-2, 123-3, 133-1, 133-2) extending from the third wall (208) at least partially toward the fourth wall (210). At least one packed bed (230, 830, 930-1, 930-2, 113-1, 113-2, 113-3, 113-4, A12-1, A12-2, A12-3, A13-1-1, A12-2, A12-3, A13-1-1, A12-2, 123-3, 133-1, 133-2) is arranged at an inclination angle (A1, A8, A9-1, A9-2, A11-1-1, A11-2, A11-4, A12-1-2, A12-3, A13-1-2, A12-3, A1333-1, A1333-2) with respect to the longitudinal axis (X1) such that the speed of an air flow (232) flowing through the at least one packed bed (230, 830, 930-1,

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a direct air capture system and an absorber for a direct air capture system. Background Technology

[0002] Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are naturally occurring chemical compounds in the Earth's atmosphere. The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is of growing concern because they increase the risk of global warming. CO2 is a byproduct of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels used in power plants and factories, which are major sources of emissions. Systems and methods are being implemented around the world to reduce atmospheric CO2 in an effort to achieve net-zero emissions and mitigate global warming. Direct air capture (DAC) systems are one such technology designed to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. DAC systems capture CO2 from the surrounding air and produce a concentrated CO2 byproduct stream that can be sold, utilized, upgraded, or sequestered underground.

[0003] Some DAC systems use a liquid medium to capture CO2 from the atmosphere. Furthermore, the liquid medium wets the packing material disposed within the absorber of the DAC system. For example, an adsorbent solution can wet the packing material, allowing ambient air to flow through the wetted packing material to absorb CO2. The adsorbent solution can then absorb CO2 from the ambient air flowing through the wetted packing material. To improve the efficiency of the DAC system, it is important to ensure a significant transfer of CO2 from the ambient air to the adsorbent solution. However, conventional absorbers experience substantial drift and pressure loss within the absorber, which can affect its efficiency. It may be beneficial to provide a device that provides improved CO2 transfer from ambient air to the adsorbent solution while efficiently utilizing space within the absorber, using a smaller amount of adsorbent solution, and minimizing pressure loss and drift.

[0004] WO2022 / 238474 describes an apparatus for reversibly capturing CO2 from a source gas containing CO2, the apparatus having an inlet, an adsorbent structure, an outlet, and a flow generator. In WO2022 / 238474, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner wall of the inlet section is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet section, and the adsorbent structure converges radially inward toward the outlet section. Therefore, the airflow in WO2022 / 238474 is accelerated as it flows through the adsorbent structure to counteract the resistance generated by the adsorbent structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In a first aspect, an absorber for a direct air capture (DAC) system is provided. The absorber includes a housing. The housing includes a first wall extending along a longitudinal axis. The housing also includes a second wall spaced apart from the first wall on a vertical axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The housing further includes a third wall extending between the first and second walls. The housing also includes a fourth wall opposite to the third wall and extending between the first and second walls. The first, second, third, and fourth walls collectively define an inlet port and an outlet port opposite to the inlet port. The inlet port is configured to receive an inlet airflow, and the outlet port is configured to discharge an outflow. The absorber also includes a packing assembly disposed within the housing and fluidly dividing the housing into an inlet region extending from the inlet port and an outlet region extending from the packing assembly. The packing assembly includes at least one packing bed extending at least partially from the third wall toward the fourth wall. The at least one packing bed is arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis such that the velocity of the airflow flowing through the at least one packing bed is less than the velocity of the inlet airflow.

[0006] The packed bed, positioned at an angle, divides the housing into inlet and outlet regions, thereby utilizing unused space within the housing to improve absorber performance. Specifically, the inlet region is implemented as a diffusion zone that slows down the inlet airflow, ensuring that the velocity of the airflow passing through at least one packed bed is lower than the inlet airflow velocity. This reduced airflow velocity through the packed bed increases the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow, minimizing droplets drifting outside the packed bed and increasing the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the airflow. Furthermore, the outlet region is implemented as a nozzle region that accelerates the airflow leaving the packed bed, ensuring that the exiting airflow velocity is greater than the velocity of the airflow passing through at least one packed bed.

[0007] The absorber described herein is cost-effective in manufacturing. Furthermore, the absorber exhibits improved performance even with a small amount of adsorbent solution, thus making it cost-effective in operation. Additionally, the absorber described herein provides a uniform distribution of inlet airflow through the packing assembly, thereby maximizing the utilization of the planar area of ​​the packing assembly.

[0008] The tilt angle of the packed bed is crucial for achieving a diffusion effect that reduces airflow velocity, which in turn increases the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow passing through the bed. The tilt angle typically operates by altering the direction of the airflow through channels or pathways present in the packed bed, which are located in a different direction from the airflow from the inlet port. When the angle is too small, the diffuser effect is negligible, and the airflow velocity remains essentially constant. When the angle is too sharp, the advantages of the diffuser effect are lost because the airflow begins to separate.

[0009] In some implementations, the tilt angle is between 46 and 65 degrees. Tilt angles greater than 46 degrees can prevent unstable airflow and boundary layer thickening, thereby preventing flow separation and reducing pressure drop across the packed bed. The optimal tilt angle for the packed bed depends primarily on the length and depth of the packed bed and the number of packed beds present in the absorber. The basic principle is that the tilt angle of the packed bed should reduce the airflow velocity (i.e., achieve diffusion). Therefore, the velocity of the airflow flowing through the packed bed should be lower than the airflow velocity at the inlet (e.g., about 30%) without causing flow separation.

[0010] In some implementations (e.g., when a single packed bed is provided), the tilt angle is at least 57 degrees. In some implementations, the tilt angle is equal to 57 degrees. A tilt angle of 57 degrees can prevent unstable airflow conditions and boundary layer thickening, thereby preventing flow separation and reducing pressure drop on the packed bed.

[0011] In some embodiments, the third wall defines a first side edge disposed at the inlet port and a second side edge opposite to the first side edge. Each of the first and second side edges extends along a vertical axis. The fourth wall defines a third side edge disposed at the inlet port and a fourth side edge opposite to the third side edge. Each of the third and fourth side edges extends along a vertical axis. The housing is generally cubic in shape, such that at least one packing bed can be diagonally disposed within the housing.

[0012] In some embodiments, at least one packed bed is a single packed bed extending between the first side edge of the third wall and the fourth side edge of the fourth wall. The diagonally arranged single packed beds within the housing can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow flowing through the single packed bed, which in turn minimizes droplets drifting outside the packed bed and increases the absorption of CO2 from the airflow. The angle of the packed bed creates a diffuser effect, thereby reducing the velocity of the airflow through the packed bed.

[0013] In some embodiments, at least one packed bed is a single packed bed extending between the second side edge of the third wall and the third side edge of the fourth wall. The diagonally arranged single packed beds within the housing can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow flowing through the single packed bed, which in turn minimizes droplets drifting outside the packed bed and increases the absorption of CO2 from the airflow. As mentioned above, the angle of the packed bed creates a diffuser effect, reducing the velocity of the airflow through the packed bed.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least one packed bed further includes a first packed bed and a second packed bed, the first packed bed extending from a third wall, and the second packed bed connected to and extending from the first packed bed to a fourth wall. The second packed bed is arranged at an angle relative to the first packed bed. The diagonally arranged first and second packed beds in the housing can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow flowing through the first and second packed beds, which can minimize droplets drifting to the outside of the packed beds and increase the absorption of CO2 from the airflow. Furthermore, the first and second packed beds can increase the volume of the packing assembly and enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow in the inlet region of the housing.

[0015] In some embodiments, the packing assembly further includes a third packing bed and a fourth packing bed, the third packing bed extending from a third wall toward a fourth wall, and the fourth packing bed connected to and extending from the third packing bed to the fourth wall. The fourth packing bed is inclined at an angle relative to the third packing bed. Each of the third and fourth packing beds is spaced apart from each of the first and second packing beds and is located downstream of each of the first and second packing beds. The diagonally arranged first, second, third, and fourth packing beds in the housing can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow flowing through the first, second, third, and fourth packing beds, which can minimize droplets drifting to the outside of the packing beds and increase the absorption of CO2 from the airflow. Furthermore, the first, second, third, and fourth packing beds can increase the volume of the packing assembly and enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow in the inlet region of the housing.

[0016] In some embodiments, at least one packed bed further includes a plurality of packed beds connected to each other and arranged in a zigzag configuration, such that each pair of adjacent packed beds from the plurality of packed beds are arranged at an angle relative to each other. The plurality of packed beds includes a first end packed bed, a second end packed bed, and at least one intermediate packed bed, the first end packed bed extending from a third wall toward a fourth wall, the second end packed bed extending from a fourth wall toward a third wall, and the intermediate packed bed disposed between the first end packed bed and the second end packed bed. Each of the plurality of packed beds is arranged at a corresponding angle relative to the longitudinal axis. The diagonally arranged first, second, and third packed beds in the housing can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow flowing through the first, second, and third packed beds, which in turn minimizes droplets drifting to the outside of the packed beds and increases the absorption of CO2 from the airflow. Furthermore, the first, second, and third packed beds can increase the volume of the packing assembly and enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow in the inlet region of the housing.

[0017] In some embodiments, at least one packed bed is a first packed bed extending from a third wall to a fourth wall. The packing assembly also includes a second packed bed spaced apart from and disposed downstream of the first packed bed. The second packed bed extends from the third wall to the fourth wall. The first and second packed beds, diagonally disposed in the housing, can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow flowing through the first and second packed beds, which can minimize droplets drifting to the outside of the packed beds and increase the absorption of CO2 from the airflow. Furthermore, the first and second packed beds can increase the volume of the packing assembly and enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow in the inlet region of the housing.

[0018] In some embodiments, the absorber includes a plurality of packed beds, each arranged at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis, such that the velocity of the airflow flowing through each packed bed is lower than the velocity of the inlet airflow.

[0019] In some embodiments, the absorber further includes a plurality of inlet guide vanes disposed upstream of at least one packed bed along the airflow direction. Incorporating inlet guide vanes upstream of at least one packed bed can increase the effectiveness of the inlet region, i.e., the effectiveness of the diffuser region created by at least one packed bed. The inlet guide vanes can provide means of guiding inlet airflow into at least one packed bed, which can reduce pressure loss at the inlet of the packed bed, provide additional contact surface, and improve absorber performance.

[0020] In some embodiments, the absorber further includes a plurality of exit guide vanes disposed downstream of at least one packed bed along the airflow direction. The exit guide vanes can provide means for guiding the exit airflow out of at least one packed bed and can reduce pressure loss at the exit side of the packed bed.

[0021] The absorber is configured to capture CO2 from the air. In some embodiments, the absorber includes at least one packed bed comprising an absorbent, preferably a liquid absorbent, which absorbs CO2 from the air. The absorber may include amine groups. Preferably, the absorber includes at least one packed bed comprising a liquid absorbent for CO2, for example, a liquid absorbent containing amine groups.

[0022] In some implementations, the airflow and liquid absorbent flow through the absorber are cross-flow.

[0023] In some embodiments, the absorber further includes a spraying unit disposed upstream of at least one packed bed along the airflow direction. The spraying unit includes one or more nozzles configured to spray fluid into the inlet region. Combining the spraying unit upstream of at least one packed bed can increase the interaction between the adsorbent solution and the inlet airflow in the inlet region, and the adsorbent solution will begin to absorb CO2 from the inlet airflow in the inlet region.

[0024] In some embodiments, the packing assembly further includes: a first support pillar connecting at least one packing bed to a third wall; and a second support pillar connecting at least one packing bed to a fourth wall. The first and second supports can provide structural support for the packing assembly. Each of the first and second supports can provide an aerodynamic profile that guides and concentrates inlet airflow toward a stable flow region at the center of at least one packing bed, thereby reducing pressure loss. Furthermore, the first and second supports can reduce the amount of packing material used in the end regions of the packing assembly, areas that would otherwise exhibit reduced mass transfer performance, thereby reducing the cost associated with the packing assembly.

[0025] In some embodiments, the packing assembly includes multiple packing portions spaced apart from each other to define multiple channels, thereby allowing fluid to pass through these channels. Specifically, the fluid includes an adsorbent solution. The channels can receive the adsorbent solution to wet the packing material.

[0026] In some embodiments, each packing portion is spaced apart from adjacent packing portions by a distance. Furthermore, each packing portion is defined with a thickness. The packing portions can have different thicknesses and different distances, or they can have the same thickness and the same distance. The thickness and distance can be optimized to reduce pressure loss and improve mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0027] Preferably, the thickness of the filler portion is at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, and most preferably at least 200 mm. The maximum thickness of the filler portion can be a maximum of 5000 mm, more preferably 4000 mm, and most preferably 2000 mm. Preferably, the filler portion is rigid, that is, the filler portion is not fabric.

[0028] In some implementations, multiple packing sections are similar in shape and size. The shape and size of the packing sections can be optimized to achieve reduced pressure loss and improved mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0029] In some implementations, multiple packing sections have similar shapes but different sizes. The shape and size of the packing sections can be optimized to achieve reduced pressure loss and improved mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0030] In some embodiments, at least two of the multiple packing sections are different in shape and size. The shape and size of the packing sections can be optimized to achieve reduced pressure loss and improved mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0031] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet port is approximately the same as that of the outlet port. In other embodiments, the housing has a constant cross-section along the entire longitudinal axis of the housing.

[0032] In a second aspect, a direct air capture (DAC) system is provided. The DAC system includes at least one DAC module. The at least one DAC module includes an absorber as described in the first aspect. The absorber can effectively absorb CO2 from the inlet airflow entering the absorber, resulting in an exit airflow leaving the absorber with a low level of CO2. The extracted CO2 can be collected to produce fuel for aircraft or automobiles, ceramics, carbonated beverages, etc.

[0033] In another aspect, a method for capturing CO2 from a gas stream containing carbon dioxide (CO2) is provided, the method comprising: providing a direct air capture (DAC) system as described above; and causing the CO2-containing gas stream to flow through the system.

[0034] Preferably, the gas stream containing CO2 is air.

[0035] In another aspect, a method is provided for determining the position of at least one packed bed within the aforementioned defined absorber, the method comprising: The inclination angle of the packing bed relative to the longitudinal axis (X1) of the absorber shell on which the packing bed is located is determined, wherein, The determination calculates the tilt angle that reduces the velocity of the airflow without causing separation of the airflow flowing through the packing bed.

[0036] Preferably, the determination calculates the tilt angle that minimizes the velocity of the airflow without causing separation of the airflow flowing through the packing bed.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless mutually exclusive, any feature or parameter described with respect to any of the foregoing aspects may be applied to any other aspect. Furthermore, unless mutually exclusive, any feature or parameter described herein may be applied to any aspect described herein and / or may be combined with any other feature or parameter described herein. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The implementation will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating a direct air capture (DAC) system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 It is based on the embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 1 A schematic three-dimensional diagram of the absorber in a DAC system; Figure 3 It is based on the embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 2 A schematic top view of the absorber; Figure 4A This is a schematic top view of an absorber having multiple packing portions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4B This is a schematic top view of an absorber having multiple filler portions according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5A This is a schematic top view of a packed bed according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the packed bed having a plurality of packing portions of the same shape and size; and Figure 5B This is a schematic top view of a packed bed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the packed bed having multiple packing portions of the same shape but different sizes; Figure 6 This is a schematic top view of a packed bed according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the packed bed having multiple packing portions of different shapes and sizes; Figure 7 This is a schematic top view of an absorber according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorber having a single packing bed connected to the housing of the absorber via a support. Figure 8 It is an embodiment of the present disclosure for use Figure 1 A schematic top view of the absorber of a DAC system; Figure 9 This is a schematic top view of an absorber according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorber having two packing beds arranged in an angled configuration; Figure 10 This is a schematic top view of an absorber according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorber having two packing beds connected to the absorber housing via supports; Figure 11 This is a schematic top view of an absorber having four packed beds according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 12 This is a schematic top view of an absorber according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorber having three packing beds arranged in a serrated configuration; Figure 13 This is a schematic top view of an absorber according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorber having two packing beds arranged parallel to each other; Figure 14 This is a schematic top view of an absorber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorber having inlet guide vanes and a spraying unit located upstream of the packing bed; Figure 15 This is a schematic top view of an absorber having an inlet guide vane and an exit guide vane according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 16 An exemplary graph depicting the effect of tilt angle and aspect ratio on pressure drop in a packed bed is shown; and Figure 17 An exemplary graph is shown illustrating the effect of a reduction in the tilt angle and angle depth of the packed bed on the pressure drop over the packed bed. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Various aspects and embodiments of this disclosure will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram is shown illustrating a direct air capture (DAC) system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The DAC system 100 is implemented as a system capable of separating carbon dioxide (CO2) from ambient air to address global warming.

[0041] DAC system 100 includes at least one DAC unit 102. DAC system 100 may include multiple DAC units arranged sequentially or sequentially. Furthermore, DAC system 100 includes at least one DAC module 110. Typically, DAC system 100 includes multiple DAC modules, for example, DAC system 100 includes multiple DAC modules arranged in an array. DAC module 110 includes an absorber 200. An inlet airflow 118 having a normal or relatively high concentration of CO2 enters the absorber 200. Furthermore, an exit airflow 120 exits the absorber 200. The exit airflow 120 contains a low or zero concentration of CO2. The exit airflow 120 may flow downstream of DAC system 100 towards one or more DAC units (not shown). DAC system 100 is implemented herein as a liquid absorbent type DAC system. Alternatively, DAC system 100 may be implemented as a solid absorbent type DAC system conventionally known in the art.

[0042] The DAC module 110 may also include a fan (not shown) to draw in ambient air from within the absorber 200. The fan may include multiple blades that can be rotated by drawing power from an electric motor (not shown). In some embodiments, the fan may be located in front of (or upstream of) the absorber 200. However, in some embodiments, the fan may be located behind (or downstream of) the absorber 200.

[0043] Furthermore, absorber 200 is configured to absorb at least a portion of the CO2 present in inlet airflow 118. Absorber 200 is preferably configured to receive a liquid absorbent. The absorbent solution flows through absorber 200 and interacts with the inlet airflow 118 received within absorber 200. The absorbent solution may include any conventional absorbent solution that can absorb CO2 from inlet airflow 118. The absorbent solution may be carried in a solvent such as water, and the solvent may contain additional additives, which may act as catalysts, modify the physical properties of the solution, reduce degradation, or possess other desired properties. The absorbent solution may include basic adsorbents, such as hydroxides or organic adsorbents. Basic adsorbents may include, for example, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. Organic adsorbents may include amines or amino acids. Amines may include ethanolamines (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine, ETA, or MEA). Preferred adsorbent solutions may include amino acids or alkaline salt solutions of amino acids. The amino acid may be selected from at least one of the following: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, sarcosine, selenocysteine, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and mixtures thereof. The amino acid may be in a derived form, for example, the amino group may be alkylated, such as with methylamine or diethylamine. The preferred base component of the amino acid salt is potassium or sodium.

[0044] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, a depleted stream 124 of the adsorbent solution enters the absorber 200. The term "depleted stream" as used throughout the disclosure refers to an adsorbent solution stream with a lower CO2 value. The depleted stream 124 contacts the inlet air stream 118 within the absorber 200 and absorbs CO2 from the inlet air stream 118 to become a enriched stream 126. The term "enriched stream" as used throughout the disclosure refers to an adsorbent solution stream with a higher CO2 value. The depleted stream 124 is converted into an enriched stream 126 based on the absorption of CO2 from the inlet air stream 118 flowing through the absorber 200. Furthermore, a recirculated stream 122 of the adsorbent solution can be recirculated within the absorber 200. The recirculated stream 122 can increase the effective residence time of each portion of the depleted stream 124 of the adsorbent solution in the absorber 200.

[0045] Furthermore, the DAC system 100 includes a heat exchanger 128. An enriched stream 126 passes through the heat exchanger 128 to recover heat from the lean stream 124 returned from the desorber 130 of the DAC system 100. Based on the heat exchange at the heat exchanger 128, the temperature of the enriched stream 126 leaving the heat exchanger 128 is slightly increased. Additionally, the desorber 130 receives the enriched stream 126 from the heat exchanger 128 and heats the enriched stream 126 to a temperature that allows CO2 to be released from the enriched stream 126. The DAC system 100 also includes a heating device 132. The heating device 132 is implemented herein as a reboiler. The heating device 132 increases the temperature of the enriched stream 126 by circulating a heated stream 133 of the adsorbent solution through the desorber 130. Specifically, the heating device 132 receives a portion of the lean stream 124 leaving the desorber 130. Furthermore, the heating device 132 heats the depleted stream 124 to form a heated stream 133, which is introduced into the desorber 130. The heating device 132 can also generate steam to form vapor bubbles, into which the desorbed CO2 can diffuse, thereby returning the depleted stream 124 of the adsorbent solution to the absorber 200 to repeat the process.

[0046] In addition, a mixture 131 of vapor and desorbed CO2 exits the desorber 130. The DAC system 100 also includes a condenser 134 in fluid communication with the desorber 130. The condenser 134 receives the mixture 131 of vapor and desorbed CO2 from the desorber 130 and can cool the mixture 131, thereby condensing the vapor to leave a CO2 product stream 135. The CO2 product stream 135 can be collected for use in the production of fuel for aircraft or automobiles, ceramics, carbonated beverages, etc.

[0047] Now for reference Figure 2 The absorber 200 includes a housing 202. The housing 202 may have any size according to the operational requirements of the DAC system 100 (see [reference]). Figure 1 The housing 202 is generally rectangular in shape. Alternatively, the housing 202 may be square in shape. Furthermore, the housing 202 may be made of any suitable material known in the art. The housing 202 includes a first wall 204 extending along the longitudinal axis X1. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the first wall 204 is the top wall of the housing 202. The housing 202 also includes a second wall 206, which is spaced apart from the first wall 204 on a vertical axis X2 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X1. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the second wall 206 is the bottom wall of the housing 202. The housing 202 also includes a third wall 208 extending between the first wall 204 and the second wall 206.

[0048] The housing 202 also includes a fourth wall 210, which is opposite to the third wall 208 and extends between the first wall 204 and the second wall 206. The first wall 204, the second wall 206, the third wall 208, and the fourth wall 210 together define an inlet port 212 and an outlet port 214 opposite to the inlet port 212. The inlet port 212 is configured to receive an inlet airflow 118, and the outlet port 214 is configured to discharge an exit airflow 120. Herein, the inlet airflow 118 and the exit airflow 120 flow generally along the longitudinal direction X1 (i.e., from side to side). Alternatively, the inlet airflow 118 and the exit airflow 120 may flow generally along the vertical direction X2 (i.e., from top to bottom) without any limitation.

[0049] Furthermore, the third wall 208 defines a first side edge 216 disposed at the entrance port 212 and a second side edge 218 opposite to the first side edge 216. Each of the first side edge 216 and the second side edge 218 extends along the vertical axis X2. Furthermore, the fourth wall 210 defines a third side edge 220 disposed at the entrance port 212 and a fourth side edge 222 opposite to the third side edge 220. Each of the third side edge 220 and the fourth side edge 222 extends along the vertical axis X2.

[0050] The absorber 200 also includes a packing assembly 224 disposed within the housing 202 and fluidly dividing the housing 202 into an inlet region 226 extending from the inlet port 212 and an outlet region 228 extending from the packing assembly 224. The packing assembly 224 includes at least one packed bed 230 extending at least partially from the third wall 208 toward the fourth wall 210. The inlet region 226 extends from the inlet port 212 to the packed bed 230, and the outlet region 228 extends from the packed bed 230 to the outlet port 214.

[0051] Now for reference Figure 3 At least one packed bed 230 is arranged at an angle A1 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, such that the velocity of the airflow 232 flowing through the at least one packed bed 230 is lower than the velocity of the inlet airflow 118. Specifically, the at least one packed bed 230 defines a longitudinal axis X3 extending along an angled length L1 of the packed bed 230. Furthermore, an angle A1 is defined between the longitudinal axis X3 of the packed bed 230 and the longitudinal axis X1 of the housing 202. In some embodiments, the angle A1 is between 46 degrees and 65 degrees. An angle A1 greater than 46 degrees can prevent unstable flow conditions and boundary layer thickening of the airflow 232, thereby preventing flow separation and reducing the pressure drop on the packed bed 230.

[0052] In some embodiments, the tilt angle A1 is at least 57 degrees. In some embodiments, the tilt angle A1 is equal to 57 degrees. The 57-degree tilt angle A1 can prevent unstable flow conditions and boundary layer thickening of the airflow 232, thereby preventing flow separation and reducing the pressure drop on the packed bed 230. The packed bed 230 is rectangular in shape. Furthermore, since the housing 202 is also rectangular in shape, at least one packed bed 230 can be arranged diagonally within the housing 202.

[0053] Therefore, the packed bed 230 divides the housing 202 into an inlet region 226 and an outlet region 228, thereby utilizing previously unused space within the housing 202 and improving the performance of the absorber 200. Specifically, the inlet region 226 is implemented as a diffuser region that slows down / diffuses the inlet airflow 118, such that the velocity of the airflow 232 flowing through at least one packed bed 230 is lower than the velocity of the inlet airflow 118. The reduced velocity of the airflow 232 passing through the packed bed 230 increases the residence time for chemical reactions between the flowing adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 passing through the packed bed 230, which in turn minimizes droplets drifting outside the packed bed 230 and increases the absorption of CO2 from the airflow 232. Furthermore, the outlet region 228 is implemented as a nozzle region that accelerates the airflow 232 leaving the packed bed 230, such that the velocity of the exiting airflow 120 is greater than the velocity of the airflow 232 flowing through at least one packed bed 230.

[0054] The absorber 200 described herein can be manufactured cost-effectively. Furthermore, the absorber 200 can exhibit improved performance, even with small amounts of adsorbent solution, thus making its operation cost-effective. Additionally, the absorber 200 described herein can provide a uniform distribution of the inlet airflow 118 through the packing assembly 224, thereby maximizing the utilization of the planar area of ​​the packing assembly 224.

[0055] exist Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, at least one packing bed 230 is a single packing bed 230 extending between the first side edge 216 of the third wall 208 and the fourth side edge 222 of the fourth wall 210. The packing bed 230 can be connected to each of the first side edge 216 and the fourth side edge 222 using suitable connecting devices, such as welds, solders, fasteners, adhesives, etc. The diagonally arranged single packing beds 230 within the housing 202 can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 flowing through the single packing bed 230, which in turn minimizes droplets drifting outside the packing bed 230 and increases the absorption of CO2 from the airflow 232. The angle of the single packing bed 230 creates a diffusion effect, thereby reducing the velocity of the airflow through the packing bed.

[0056] Furthermore, the angular length L1 and angular depth D1 of the packing bed 230 are determined such that the packing bed 230 has a resultant aspect ratio greater than 3. In one example, the angular length L1 and angular depth D1 of the packing bed 230 are determined such that the resultant aspect ratio of the packing bed 230 can be 5. The term "aspect ratio" as used herein can be calculated by dividing the angular length L1 of the packing bed 230 by the angular depth D1 of the packing bed 230, i.e., L1 / D1.

[0057] Now for reference Figure 4A The packed bed 230 includes a packing material 234 that facilitates the interaction of the adsorbent solution with the airflow 232 flowing through the packed bed 230 (e.g., airflow through the airflow through the packed bed 230). Figure 3 The contact between (shown) and (shown). Furthermore, the packing material 234 can be made of cellulose fibers, without any limitation. The packing material 234 can have a loosely packed arrangement or a structured arrangement. A structured arrangement can include a modular arrangement, enabling the structured packing device to stack the packing material in an ordered array, while a loosely packed arrangement can include a packing material arrangement that may not have a fixed shape but is arbitrarily arranged. Furthermore, the packing material 234 can include industrial bulk packing, regular packing, perforated plate packing, and / or grids. It should be noted that this disclosure is not limited to the arrangement structure of the packing material 234.

[0058] like Figure 4A As shown, in some embodiments, at least one packed bed 230 defines a plurality of channels 237 through which an adsorbent solution can be received in the packed bed 230 to wet the packing material 234. A suitable spraying device can be used. Figure 4A(Not shown in the image) The adsorbent solution is sprayed onto the packed bed 230. The adsorbent solution can be sprayed from the vertical direction (i.e., along...) Figure 2 The vertical axis (X2) shown is introduced into the absorber 200 without any restriction.

[0059] Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least one packed bed 230 includes a plurality of packed portions 235 spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of channels 237, thereby allowing fluid flow through the plurality of channels 237. Hereinafter, each packed portion 235 includes a rectangular shape. Each packed portion 235 is spaced apart from adjacent packed portions 235 by distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1, where i is the total number of packed portions 235. In one embodiment, at least two pairs of adjacent packed portions 235 may have different distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1. For example, distance S1 may be different from distance S2. In another embodiment, each packed portion 235 may be spaced apart from adjacent packed portions 235 by the same distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1, such that the packed portions 235 are equidistant from each other. For example, distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1 may be the same. In another embodiment, each pair of adjacent packing portions 235 may have different distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1, such that the packing portions 235 are arbitrarily spaced apart from each other. For example, the distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1 may be different from each other.

[0060] Furthermore, each filler portion 235 is defined with thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti. In one embodiment, at least two pairs of filler portions 235 may have different thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti. For example, thickness T1 may be different from thickness T2. In another embodiment, each filler portion 235 may have the same thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti. For example, thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti may be the same. In yet another embodiment, each filler portion 235 may have different thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti. For example, thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti may be different from each other.

[0061] The packing portion 235 may have varying thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti and varying distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1, or the packing portion 235 may have the same thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti and the same distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1. The thicknesses T1, T2, ..., Ti and the distances S1, S2, ..., Si-1 can be optimized to reduce pressure loss and improve mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0062] Figure 4B Another exemplary arrangement of the packed bed 230 is shown. In some embodiments, at least one packed bed 230 includes a plurality of packing portions 236, 238, 240 spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of channels 242, thereby allowing fluid flow through the plurality of channels 242. In this document, each packing portion 236, 238, 240 includes a rectangular shape.

[0063] Furthermore, the plurality of packing portions 236, 238, and 240 include a plurality of first packing portions 236. Each first packing portion 236 is spaced apart from adjacent first packing portions 236 by a first distance E1, E2, ..., Ej-1, where j is the total number of first packing portions 236. In one embodiment, at least two pairs of adjacent first packing portions 236 may have different first distances E1, E2, ..., Ej-1. For example, the first distance E1 may be different from the first distance E2. In another embodiment, each first packing portion 236 may be spaced apart from adjacent first packing portions 236 by the same first distance E1, E2, ..., Ej-1, such that the first packing portions 236 are equidistant from each other. For example, the first distances E1, E2, ..., Ej-1 may be the same. In yet another embodiment, each pair of adjacent first packing portions 236 may have different first distances E1, E2, ..., Ej-1, such that the first packing portions 236 are arbitrarily spaced apart from each other. For example, the first distances E1, E2, ..., Ej-1 can be different from each other.

[0064] Furthermore, each first filler portion 236 is defined with a first thickness U1, U2, ..., Uj. In one embodiment, at least two first filler portions 236 may have different first thicknesses U1, U2, ..., Uj. For example, the first thickness U1 may be different from the first thickness U2. In another embodiment, each first filler portion 236 may have the same first thicknesses U1, U2, ..., Uj. For example, the first thicknesses U1, U2, ..., Uj may be the same. In yet another embodiment, each first filler portion 236 may have different first thicknesses U1, U2, ..., Uj. For example, the first thicknesses U1, U2, ..., Uj may be different from each other.

[0065] The plurality of packing portions 238, 238, 240 also include a plurality of second packing portions 238. Each second packing portion 238 is spaced from adjacent second packing portions 238 by a second distance F1, F2, ..., Fk-1, where k is the total number of second packing portions 238. In one embodiment, at least two pairs of adjacent second packing portions 238 may have different second distances F1, F2, ..., Fk-1. For example, the second distance F1 may be different from the second distance F2. In another embodiment, each second packing portion 238 may be spaced from adjacent second packing portions 238 by the same second distance F1, F2, ..., Fk-1, such that the second packing portions 238 are equidistant from each other. For example, the second distances F1, F2, ..., Fk-1 may be the same. In yet another embodiment, each pair of adjacent second packing portions 238 may have different second distances F1, F2, ..., Fk-1, such that the second packing portions 238 are arbitrarily spaced from each other. For example, the second distances F1, F2, ..., Fk-1 can be different from each other.

[0066] Furthermore, each second filler portion 238 defines a second thickness V1, V2, ..., Vk. In one embodiment, at least two second filler portions 238 may have different second thicknesses V1, V2, ..., Vk. For example, the second thickness V1 may be different from the second thickness V2. In another embodiment, each second filler portion 238 may have the same second thicknesses V1, V2, ..., Vk. For example, the second thicknesses V1, V2, ..., Vk may be the same. In yet another embodiment, each second filler portion 238 may have different second thicknesses V1, V2, ..., Vk. For example, the second thicknesses V1, V2, ..., Vk may be different from each other.

[0067] The plurality of packing portions 236, 238, 240 also include a plurality of third packing portions 240 disposed between the plurality of first packing portions 236 and the plurality of second packing portions 238. Each third packing portion 240 is spaced apart from adjacent third packing portions 240 by a third distance G1, G2, ..., Gl-1, where l is the total number of third packing portions 240. In one embodiment, at least two pairs of adjacent third packing portions 240 may have different third distances G1, G2, ..., Gl-1. For example, the third distance G1 may be different from the third distance G2. In another embodiment, each third packing portion 240 may be spaced apart from adjacent third packing portions 240 by the same third distance G1, G2, ..., Gl-1, such that the third packing portions 240 are equidistant from each other. For example, the third distances G1, G2, ..., Gl-1 may be the same. In another embodiment, each pair of adjacent third packing portions 240 may have different third distances G1, G2, ..., Gl-1, such that the third packing portions 240 are arbitrarily spaced apart from each other. For example, the third distances G1, G2, ..., Gl-1 may be different from each other.

[0068] Furthermore, each third packing portion 240 is defined with a third thickness W1, W2, ..., Wl. In one embodiment, at least two third packing portions 240 may have different third thicknesses W1, W2, ..., Wl. For example, the third thickness W1 may be different from the third thickness W2. In another embodiment, each third packing portion 240 may have the same third thicknesses W1, W2, ..., Wl. For example, the third thicknesses W1, W2, ..., Wl may be the same. In yet another embodiment, each third packing portion 240 may have different third thicknesses W1, W2, ..., Wl. For example, the third thicknesses W1, W2, ..., Wl may be different from each other.

[0069] The packing portions 236, 238, and 240 with different thicknesses U1, U2, ..., Uj, V1, V2, ..., Vk, W1, W2, ..., Wl and different distances E1, E2, ..., Ej-1, F1, F2, ..., Fk-1, G1, G2, ..., Gl-1 can reduce pressure loss and improve mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0070] Figure 5A Another exemplary arrangement for a packed bed 230 is shown. The packed bed 230 includes a plurality of packing portions 536. Figure 5AAs shown, in some embodiments, the plurality of packing portions 536 are similar in shape and size. Hereinafter, each packing portion 536 comprises a circular shape. Alternatively, each packing portion 536 may comprise a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a square shape, an elliptical shape, a teardrop shape, a capsule shape, etc. This disclosure is not limited to the shape of the packing portions 536. Furthermore, the diameter d1 of each packing portion 536 is substantially the same within a predetermined tolerance range. The packing portions 536 are arranged in an array such that each array comprises a plurality of packing portions 536 spaced apart from each other. Additionally, the packed bed 230 defines a plurality of channels 542 through which an adsorbent solution can be received in the packed bed 230 to wet the packing material 234. The shape and diameter of the packing portions 536 can be optimized to achieve reduced pressure loss and improved mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0071] Figure 5B Another exemplary arrangement of the packed bed 230 is shown. The packed bed 230 includes a plurality of packing portions 538. Figure 5B As shown, in some embodiments, multiple packing portions 538 are similar in shape but different in size. Specifically, each packing portion 538 includes a circular shape. It should be noted that each packing portion 538 may include a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a square shape, an elliptical shape, a teardrop shape, a capsule shape, etc. This disclosure is not limited to the shape of the packing portions 538. In addition, the packing portions 538 have different diameters d2, d3, d4, etc. Each packing portion 538 is spaced apart from adjacent packing portions 538, and the packing portions 538 are arranged in any form. Furthermore, the packed bed 230 defines a plurality of channels 544 through which the adsorbent solution can be received in the packed bed 230 to wet the packing material 234. The shape and diameter of the packing portions 538 can be optimized to reduce pressure loss and improve mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0072] Figure 6 Another exemplary arrangement of the packed bed 230 is shown. The packed bed 230 includes multiple packing sections 636-1, 636-2, 638-1, and 638-2. Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, at least two of the multiple packing portions 636-1, 636-2, 638-1, and 638-2 are different in shape and size. Specifically, the packing bed 230 includes a first group of packing portions 636-1 and 636-2 with an elliptical shape. It should be noted that each packing portion 636-1 and 636-2 may include a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a square shape, a teardrop shape, a capsule shape, etc. Furthermore, the first group of packing portions 636-1 and 636-2 herein have different sizes. Alternatively, each packing portion 636-1 and 636-2 may have the same size. The packing bed 230 also includes a second group of packing portions 638-1 and 638-2 with a teardrop shape. It should also be noted that each packing portion 638-1 and 638-2 may include a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a square shape, an elliptical shape, a capsule shape, etc. This disclosure is not limited to the shape of the packing portions 636-1, 636-2, 638-1, and 638-2. Furthermore, the second set of packing portions 638-1 and 638-2 herein have different sizes. Alternatively, each packing portion 638-1 and 638-2 may have the same size. Additionally, the packed bed 230 defines a plurality of channels 642 through which an adsorbent solution can be received into the packed bed 230 to wet the packing material 234. The shape and size of the packing portions 636-1, 636-2, 638-1, and 638-2 can be optimized to achieve reduced pressure loss and improved mass flow distribution and mass transfer.

[0073] Figure 7 An absorber 700 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 700 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorbers are generally similar, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 700 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 224. The packing assembly 224 includes a packing bed 230. Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the packing assembly 224 further includes a first support 746 connecting at least one packing bed 230 to the third wall 208 and a second support 748 connecting at least one packing bed 230 to the fourth wall 210. The first support 746 and the second support 748 provide structural support for the packing assembly 224. Each of the first support 746 and the second support 748 provides an aerodynamic profile, guiding and concentrating the inlet airflow 118 toward a stable flow region located at the center of at least one packing bed 230, which reduces pressure loss. Furthermore, the first support 746 and the second support 748 can reduce the amount of packing material 234 (see [link to original text]) at the end regions of the packing assembly 224. Figures 4A to 6The use of filler assembly 224 would otherwise result in reduced mass transfer performance in these areas, thereby reducing the cost associated with the filler assembly 224.

[0074] Figure 8 An absorber 800 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 800 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorber 800 is generally similar to the absorber 230, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 800 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 824. The packing assembly 824 includes at least one packing bed 830, which is functionally compatible with packing bed 230 (see reference 230). Figure 2 and Figure 3 Similar. However, in Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, at least one packing bed 830 is a single packing bed 830 extending between the second side edge 218 of the third wall 208 and the third side edge 220 of the fourth wall 210. The packing bed 830 extends along the longitudinal axis X3. The packing bed 830 can be coupled to each of the second side edge 218 and the third side edge 220 using suitable coupling devices, such as welds, solder, fasteners, adhesives, etc. At least one packing bed 830 is arranged at an angle A8 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, such that the velocity of the airflow 232 flowing through the at least one packing bed 830 is lower than the velocity of the inlet airflow 118. In some embodiments, the angle A8 is between 46 degrees and 65 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle A8 is at least 57 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle A8 is equal to 57 degrees.

[0075] The diagonally arranged individual packed beds 830 within the housing 202 increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 passing through the individual packed beds 830. This minimizes droplets drifting outside the packed beds 830 and enhances CO2 absorption from the airflow 232. The angle of the individual packed beds 830 creates a diffusion effect, thereby reducing the velocity of the airflow through the packed beds.

[0076] Figure 9 An absorber 900 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 900 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorber 900 is generally similar to the absorber 230, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 900 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 924. The packing assembly 924 includes at least one packing bed 930-1, 930-2, which are functionally compatible with packing bed 230 (see Figure 230). Figure 2 and Figure 3Similarly, at least one packed bed 930-1, 930-2 extends along longitudinal axes X3-1 and X3-2, respectively. Longitudinal axis X3-1 is inclined relative to longitudinal axis X3-2. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, at least one packing bed 930-1, 930-2 further includes a first packing bed 930-1 extending from the third wall 208 and a second packing bed 930-2 connected to the first packing bed 930-1 and extending from the first packing bed 930-1 to the fourth wall 210. The second packing bed 930-2 is arranged at an angle relative to the first packing bed 930-1. The first packing bed 930-1 extends from a first side edge 216 to the second packing bed 930-2, while the second packing bed 930-2 extends from the first packing bed 930-1 to the third side edge 220. In another embodiment, the first packing bed 930-1 may extend from the second side edge 218 to the second packing bed 930-2, while the second packing bed 930-2 may extend from the first packing bed 930-1 to the fourth side edge 222.

[0077] Furthermore, the first packing bed 930-1 is arranged at a first inclination angle A9-1 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, and the second packing bed 930-2 is arranged at a second inclination angle A9-2 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the first tilt angle A9-1 is equal to the second tilt angle A9-2. Alternatively, the first tilt angle A9-1 may be different from the second tilt angle A9-2. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A9-1 and the second tilt angle A9-2 is between 46 degrees and 65 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A9-1 and the second tilt angle A9-2 is at least 57 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A9-1 and the second tilt angle A9-2 is equal to 57 degrees.

[0078] The first and second packing beds 930-1 and 930-2, diagonally arranged in the housing 202, increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 passing through them. This minimizes droplets drifting to the outside of the packing beds 930-1 and 930-2 and also enhances CO2 absorption from the airflow 232. Furthermore, the first and second packing beds 930-1 and 930-2 increase the volume of the packing assembly 924 and also increase the diffusion of the inlet airflow 118 within the inlet region 226 of the housing 202.

[0079] Figure 10 An absorber 1000 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 1000 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 They are generally similar, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 1000 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 924. The packing assembly 924 includes packing beds 930-1 and 930-2. Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the packing assembly 924 further includes a first support column 1046 connecting the first packing bed 930-1 to the third wall 208 and a second support column 1048 connecting the second packing bed 930-2 to the fourth wall 210. Additionally, the packing assembly 924 includes a third support column 1050 connecting the first packing bed 930-1 and the second packing bed 930-2. The first support column 1046, the second support column 1048, and the third support column 1050 provide structural support for the packing assembly 924. Each of the first support column 1046, the second support column 1048, and the third support column 1050 can provide an aerodynamic profile that guides and concentrates the inlet airflow 118 toward a stable flow region located at the center of at least one packing bed 930-1, 930-2, thereby reducing pressure loss. Furthermore, the first support column 1046, the second support column 1048, and the third support column 1050 can reduce the amount of packing material 234 (see [link to relevant documentation]) at the end regions of the packing assembly 924. Figures 4A to 6 The use of filler assembly 924 would otherwise result in reduced mass transfer performance in these areas, thereby reducing the cost associated with the filler assembly 924.

[0080] Figure 11 An absorber 1100 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 1100 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorber 1100 is generally similar to the packing bed 230, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 1100 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 1124. The packing assembly 1124 includes components functionally compatible with the packing bed 230 (see [reference numeral]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 At least one similar packed bed 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4. Packed beds 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4. In Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, at least one packing bed 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4 further includes a first packing bed 1130-1 and a second packing bed 1130-2. The first packing bed 1130-1 and the second packing bed 1130-2 extend along longitudinal axes X3-1 and X3-2, respectively. Longitudinal axis X3-1 is inclined relative to longitudinal axis X3-2. The first packing bed 1130-1 and the second packing bed 1130-2 are aligned with packing beds 930-1 and 930-2 (see...). Figure 9The first and second packing beds 930-1, 930-2, 930-3, and 930-4 are arranged in a similar manner. At least one packing bed 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, and 1130-4 also includes a third packing bed 1130-3 extending from the third wall 208 toward the fourth wall 210, and a fourth packing bed 1130-4 connected to and extending from the third packing bed 1130-3 to the fourth wall 210. The third and fourth packing beds 1130-3 and 930-4 are arranged in a similar manner to the packing beds 930-1 and 930-2. Furthermore, the first and third packing beds 1130-1 and 1130-3 extend along the same longitudinal axis X3-1. Furthermore, the second and fourth packing beds 1130-2 and 1130-4 extend along the same longitudinal axis X3-2. Therefore, the fourth packing bed 1130-4 is arranged at an angle relative to the third packing bed 1130-3. Furthermore, each of the third packing bed 1130-3 and the fourth packing bed 1130-4 is spaced apart from each of the first packing bed 1130-1 and the second packing bed 1130-2, and is located downstream of each of the first packing bed 1130-1 and the second packing bed 1130-2.

[0081] The first packing bed 1130-1 is arranged at a first inclination angle A11-1 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, and the second packing bed 1130-2 is arranged at a second inclination angle A11-2 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. Furthermore, the third packing bed 1130-3 is arranged at a third inclination angle A11-3 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, and the fourth packing bed 1130-4 is arranged at a fourth inclination angle A11-4 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. Figure 11In the illustrated embodiment, the third tilt angle A11-3 is the same as the fourth tilt angle A11-4. Alternatively, the third tilt angle A11-3 may be different from the fourth tilt angle A11-4. Furthermore, the third tilt angle A11-3 is the same as the first tilt angle A11-1, and the fourth tilt angle A11-4 is the same as the second tilt angle A11-2. Alternatively, the third tilt angle A11-3 may be different from the first tilt angle A11-1, and the fourth tilt angle A11-4 may be different from the second tilt angle A11-2. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A11-1, the second tilt angle A11-2, the third tilt angle A11-3, and the fourth tilt angle A11-4 is between 46 degrees and 65 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A11-1, the second tilt angle A11-2, the third tilt angle A11-3, and the fourth tilt angle A11-4 is at least 57 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A11-1, the second tilt angle A11-2, the third tilt angle A11-3, and the fourth tilt angle A11-4 is equal to 57 degrees. However, when multiple packed beds are provided, the tilt angles of each downstream packed bed can be smaller to achieve sufficient diffusion.

[0082] The first packing bed 1130-1, the second packing bed 1130-2, the third packing bed 1130-3, and the fourth packing bed 1130-4, diagonally arranged in the housing 202, can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 flowing through the first packing bed 1130-1, the second packing bed 1130-2, the third packing bed 1130-3, and the fourth packing bed 1130-4. This can minimize the number of droplets drifting to the outside of the packing beds 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, and 1130-4, and also increase the absorption of CO2 from the airflow 232. In addition, the first packing bed 1130-1, the second packing bed 1130-2, the third packing bed 1130-3, and the fourth packing bed 1130-4 can increase the volume of the packing assembly 1124 and enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow 118 within the inlet region 226 of the housing 202.

[0083] Figure 12 An absorber 1200 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Absorber 1200 can be used with absorber 200 (see...). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorber 1200 is generally similar to the one in the figure, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 1200 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 1224. The packing assembly 1224 includes components functionally compatible with the packing bed 230 (see figure 1224). Figure 2 and Figure 3At least one similar packed bed 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3. However, in Figure 12 In the illustrated embodiment, at least one packing bed 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 further includes a plurality of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 connected to each other and arranged in a sawtooth configuration, such that each pair of adjacent packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 from the plurality of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 are arranged at an angle relative to each other.

[0084] The plurality of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, and 1230-3 include a first end packing bed 1230-1 extending from the third wall 208 toward the fourth wall 210. The first end packing bed 1230-1 extends along a longitudinal axis X3-1. The plurality of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, and 1230-3 also include a second end packing bed 1230-2 extending from the fourth wall 210 toward the third wall 208. The second end packing bed 1230-2 extends along a longitudinal axis X3-2. Furthermore, the longitudinal axis X3-2 may be parallel to the longitudinal axis X3-1 or inclined relative to the longitudinal axis X3-1. The plurality of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, and 1230-3 also include at least one intermediate packing bed 1230-3 disposed between the first end packing bed 1230-1 and the second end packing bed 1230-2. The third packing bed 1230-3 extends along the longitudinal axis X3-3, which is inclined relative to the longitudinal axes X3-1 and X3-2.

[0085] exist Figure 12 In the illustrated embodiment, only one intermediate packing bed 1230-3 is provided between the first end packing bed 1230-1 and the second end packing bed 1230-2. Alternatively, based on the size of the absorber 1200 and operational requirements, two or more intermediate packing beds (similar to intermediate packing bed 1230-3) may be provided between the first end packing bed 1230-1 and the second end packing bed 1230-2. Furthermore, the first end packing bed 1230-1 extends between the third wall 208 and the intermediate packing bed 1230-3. Furthermore, the intermediate packing bed 1230-3 extends between the first end packing bed 1230-1 and the second end packing bed 1230-2. Furthermore, the second end packing bed 1230-2 extends between the intermediate packing bed 1230-3 and the fourth wall 210.

[0086] Each of the multiple packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, and 1230-3 is arranged at corresponding inclination angles A12-1, A12-2, and A12-3 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. Specifically, the first end packing bed 1230-1 is arranged at a first inclination angle A12-1 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, the second end packing bed 1230-2 is arranged at a second inclination angle A12-2 relative to the longitudinal axis X1, and the intermediate packing bed 1230-3 is arranged at a third inclination angle A12-3 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. In some embodiments, the first inclination angle A12-1, the second inclination angle A12-2, and the third inclination angle A12-3 may be equal to each other. In other embodiments, the first inclination angle A12-1, the second inclination angle A12-2, and the third inclination angle A12-3 may be different from each other. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A12-1, the second tilt angle A12-2, and the third tilt angle A12-3 is between 46 degrees and 65 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A12-1, the second tilt angle A12-2, and the third tilt angle A12-3 is at least 57 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A12-1, the second tilt angle A12-2, and the third tilt angle A12-3 is equal to 57 degrees.

[0087] The first packing bed 1230-1, the second packing bed 1230-2, and the third packing bed 230-3, diagonally arranged in the housing 202, can increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 flowing through the first packing bed 1230-1, the second packing bed 1230-2, and the third packing bed 1230-3. This can minimize the number of droplets drifting to the outside of the packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, and 1230-3, and also increase the absorption of CO2 from the airflow 232. In addition, the first packing bed 1230-1, the second packing bed 1230-2, and the third packing bed 1230-3 can increase the volume of the packing assembly 1224, and can also enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow 118 within the inlet region 226 of the housing 202.

[0088] In some examples, where the overall size and shape of the container are determined by other design considerations, in order to determine the total number of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 required to achieve the desired residence time, the aspect ratio of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 and / or the total number of packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 can be increased until adding additional packing beds 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3 would require an inclination angle A12-1, A12-2, A12-3 exceeding 57 degrees, at which flow separation may occur.

[0089] Figure 13 An absorber 1300 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Absorber 1300 can be used with absorber 200 (see...). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorber 1300 is generally similar to the absorber 202, with common components indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 1300 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 1324. The packing assembly 1324 includes at least one packing bed 1330-1, 1330-2, which is functionally compatible with packing bed 230 (see Figure 1324). Figure 2 and Figure 3 Similarly. At least one packed bed 1330-1, 1330-2 extends along the longitudinal axis X3. However, in Figure 13 In the illustrated embodiment, at least one packing bed 1330-1, 1330-2 includes a first packing bed 1330-1 extending from the third wall 208 to the fourth wall 210. Specifically, the first packing bed 1330-1 extends from the first side edge 216 to the fourth wall 210. The packing assembly 1324 also includes a second packing bed 1330-2 spaced apart from the first packing bed 1330-1 and disposed downstream of the first packing bed 1330-1. Furthermore, the first packing bed 1330-1 is arranged at a first inclination angle A13-1 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. Furthermore, the second packing bed 1330-2 is arranged at a second inclination angle A13-2 relative to the longitudinal axis X1. Figure 13 In the illustrated embodiment, the first tilt angle A13-1 is equal to the second tilt angle A13-2, such that the first packed bed 1330-1 and the second packed bed 1330-2 are parallel. Therefore, the first packed bed 1330-1 and the second packed bed 1330-2 extend along the same longitudinal axis X3. Alternatively, the first tilt angle A13-1 may be different from the second tilt angle A13-2. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A13-1 and the second tilt angle A13-2 is between 46 degrees and 65 degrees. For example, A13-2 may be less than 57 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A13-1 and the second tilt angle A13-2 is approximately 57 degrees. In some embodiments, each of the first tilt angle A13-1 and the second tilt angle A13-2 is equal to 57 degrees. However, as mentioned above, when multiple packed beds are provided, the tilt angle of each downstream packed bed can be smaller to achieve a sufficient diffusion effect.

[0090] The first and second packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2, diagonally arranged in the housing 202, increase the residence time for chemical reactions between the adsorbent solution and the airflow 232 flowing through them. This minimizes droplets drifting to the outside of the packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2 and also enhances CO2 absorption from the airflow 232. Furthermore, the first and second packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2 increase the volume of the packing assembly 1324 and enhance the diffusion of the inlet airflow 118 within the inlet region 226 of the housing 202.

[0091] In some embodiments, the absorber 1300 further includes a first spraying unit 1352 disposed upstream of the first packed bed 1330-1 along the airflow direction AF1. The absorber 1300 also includes a second spraying unit 1354 disposed upstream of the second packed bed 1330-2 along the airflow direction AF1. Specifically, the second spraying unit 1354 is disposed between the first packed bed 1330-1 and the second packed bed 1330-2. Each of the first spraying unit 1352 and the second spraying unit 1354 includes one or more nozzles 1356 configured to spray fluid into the inlet region 226. The fluid is an adsorbent solution configured to interact with the inlet airflow 118 in the inlet region 226 of the housing 202. The combination of the first spraying unit 1352 and the second spraying unit 1354 can enhance the interaction between the adsorbent solution and the inlet air flow 118 in the inlet region 226, and the adsorbent solution will begin to absorb CO2 from the inlet air flow 118 in the inlet region 226.

[0092] It should be noted that the angular length L1 and angular depth D1 of the packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2, as well as the tilt angles A13-1 and A13-2, can affect the total number of packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2 that can be associated with the packing assembly 1324. Table (1) below depicts an exemplary number of packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2 that can be associated with the packing assembly 1324 based on the angular length L1 and angular depth D1 when the tilt angles A13-1 and A13-2 are fixed at 57 degrees. It should be noted that the velocity of the inlet airflow 118 and the tilt angles A13-1 and A13-2 for each serial number are kept constant to generate Table (1).

[0093]

[0094] Table (1) As can be observed from Table (1), for example, if the angular depth D1 is reduced to a thickness of 0.5 units and the tilt angles A13-1 and A13-2 are 57 degrees, approximately 3.5 (i.e., 3 or 4) packing beds (similar to packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2) connected in series can be set up to achieve the same residence time for the airflow 232. Therefore, in some examples, the tilt angles A13-1 and A13-2 can be fixed, and the angular length L1 and angular depth D1 can be varied to determine the total number of packing beds 1330-1 and 1330-2 required. It should be noted that... Figures 2 to 13 The tilt angles A1, A8, A9-1, A9-2, A11-1, A11-2, A11-3, A11-4, A12-1, A12-2, A12-3, A13-1, and A13-2 depicted in the drawing are not drawn to scale due to page size limitations.

[0095] Figure 14 An absorber 1400 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 1400 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The components are generally similar, with common parts indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 1400 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 224. The packing assembly 224 includes a packing bed 230. The absorber 1400 also includes a plurality of inlet guide vanes 1458 disposed upstream of at least one packing bed 230 along the airflow direction AF1. In one example, the inlet guide vanes 1458 may be integrated with the packing bed 230. In another embodiment, the inlet guide vanes 1458 may comprise separate components disposed upstream of the packing bed 230.

[0096] Incorporating an inlet guide vane 1458 upstream of at least one packed bed 230 can enhance the effectiveness of the inlet region 226, i.e., the effectiveness of the diffusion region created by the packed bed 230. The inlet guide vane 1458 can provide a means of guiding the inlet airflow 118 into at least one packed bed 230, which can reduce pressure loss at the inlet side of the packed bed 230, provide additional contact surface, and improve the performance of the absorber 1400.

[0097] In some embodiments, the absorber 1400 further includes a spraying unit 1452 disposed upstream of at least one packed bed 230 along the airflow direction AF1. The spraying unit 1452 includes one or more nozzles 1456 configured to spray fluid into the inlet region 226. The fluid is an adsorbent solution configured to interact with the inlet airflow 118 in the inlet region 226 of the housing 202. Combining the spraying unit 1452 upstream of at least one packed bed 230 enhances the interaction between the adsorbent solution and the inlet airflow 118 in the inlet region 226, and the adsorbent solution will begin to absorb CO2 from the inlet airflow 118 in the inlet region 226.

[0098] Figure 15 An absorber 1500 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The absorber 1500 can be used with the absorber 200 (see [link to absorber 200]). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The components are generally similar, with common parts indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the absorber 1500 includes a housing 202 and a packing assembly 224. The packing assembly 224 includes a packing bed 230. The absorber 1500 also includes a plurality of inlet guide vanes 1458 disposed upstream of at least one packing bed 230 along the airflow direction AF1. The absorber 1500 also includes a plurality of exit guide vanes 1560 disposed downstream of at least one packing bed 230 along the airflow direction AF1. In one example, the exit guide vanes 1560 may be integrated with the packing bed 230. In another embodiment, the exit guide vanes 1560 may include a separate component disposed downstream of the packing bed 230. The exit guide vanes 1560 can provide means for guiding the exit airflow 120 away from at least one packing bed 230 and can reduce pressure loss at the exit side of the packing bed 230.

[0099] Figure 16 The diagram depicts the tilt angle A1 (see...) Figure 3 ) and longitudinal and transverse comparison of packing bed 230 (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 An exemplary graph 1600 illustrates the effect of pressure drop on a packed bed 230 arranged at an angle of inclination and with varying aspect ratios. Various aspect ratio values ​​are plotted on the X-axis, and various percentage values ​​of pressure drop variation on the packed bed 230 are plotted along the Y-axis. Furthermore, graph 1600 depicts curves C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8 generated at inclination angles A1 equal to 46 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 57 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, and 80 degrees, respectively.

[0100] From Figure 1600, it can be concluded that, based on the nominal pressure loss per meter depth of the packed bed 230, a smaller tilt angle A1 can provide the minimum pressure drop on the packed bed 230. However, a smaller tilt angle A1 can lead to increased separation. For example, a tilt angle A1 less than 46 degrees can cause separation. Therefore, the tilt angle A1 can be determined to achieve a reduced pressure drop while avoiding separation, which can be achieved when the tilt angle A1 is greater than 57 degrees or approximately 57 degrees. Furthermore, larger pressure drops can be observed at lower aspect ratios. Moreover, for example, when the aspect ratio is greater than 3, for most tilt angles A1, an increase in aspect ratio can translate into a minimum pressure drop on the packed bed 230.

[0101] Figure 17 The diagram depicts the tilt angle A1 (see...) Figure 3 ) and angular depth D1 (see Figure 3 ) for packed bed 230 (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 An exemplary graph 1700 illustrates the effect of pressure drop on the packing bed 230. Specifically, Figure 1700 depicts the reduction in pressure drop on the packing bed 230 based on a packing bed 230 set at an angle and a decreasing angle depth D1. The angle depth D1 of the packing bed 230 (see Figure 1700) Figure 3 The various percentage values ​​of the reduction are marked on the X-axis, and the percentage values ​​of various pressure drop changes on the packed bed 230 are marked along the Y-axis. Furthermore, Figure 1700 depicts curves C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, and C16 generated at tilt angles A1 equal to 46 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 57 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, and 80 degrees, respectively. From Figure 1700, it can be concluded that the recommended reduction range of the angled depth D1 of the packed bed 230 needs to be greater than 25% to minimize the pressure drop. However, the minimum pressure drop is better observed when the reduction of the angled depth D1 of the packed bed 230 is greater than 50%.

[0102] Furthermore, as the tilt angle A1 increases to above 46 degrees, the risk of separation can be reduced. Additionally, when the tilt angle A1 decreases to below 70 degrees, the pressure drop can be reduced. Therefore, the tilt angle A1 can be determined to achieve a reduction in pressure drop while avoiding separation, which can be achieved when the tilt angle A1 is above 57 degrees or approximately 57 degrees. Furthermore, a tilt angle A1 of 60 degrees is superior to a tilt angle A1 of 70 degrees, a tilt angle A1 of 50 degrees is superior to a tilt angle A1 of 46 degrees, and so on. In some examples, the lower limit of the tilt angle A1 can be equal to 46 degrees, 50 degrees, or 54 degrees, and the upper limit of the tilt angle A1 can be 75 degrees, 70 degrees, 65 degrees, 60 degrees, or 57 degrees.

[0103] The present invention also relates to a method for determining the position of at least one packed bed in an absorber as described above, the method comprising: The inclination angle of the packing bed relative to the longitudinal axis X1 of the absorber shell on which the packing bed is located is determined, wherein, The determination calculates the tilt angle at which the airflow velocity is reduced without causing separation of the airflow flowing through the packing bed. Preferably, the determination calculates the tilt angle at which the airflow velocity is reduced to the maximum extent without causing separation of the airflow flowing through the packing bed.

[0104] A parameter frequently used to measure diffusion in compressors is the de Haller number. The same principle has been found to apply to this paper. For absorbers, the de Haller number is defined as the ratio (v2 / v1) of the airflow velocity v2 through the packing bed to the airflow velocity v1 at the inlet, where the airflow velocity through the packing bed is approximately v1*sin(A), and A is the tilt angle. Generally, the de Haller number should be greater than 0.72 to avoid flow separation, which would lead to increased pressure loss. Therefore, based on this model, the tilt angle required to minimize the airflow velocity without causing flow separation through the packing bed can be calculated. As specified herein, an angle of 46 to 65 degrees is typically preferred.

[0105] Therefore, a preferred method for determining the position of at least one packed bed in the absorber includes determining an angle with a de Halle number of 0.72 or greater. The de Halle number is defined as v2 / v1, where v2 is the airflow velocity through the packed bed and v1 is the airflow velocity at the inlet. A more preferred method for determining the position of at least one packed bed in the absorber includes determining an angle with a de Halle number of 0.72 to 0.91, more preferably a de Halle number of 0.84.

[0106] Preferably, the angle (A) is calculated according to the following formula: de Halle number = v2 / v1, where v2 is the airflow velocity through the packed bed and v1 is the airflow velocity at the inlet. Optionally, the airflow velocity through the packed bed can be approximately v2 = v1 * sin(A), where A is the angle. A de Halle number of 0.72 gives an angle of 46 degrees. A de Halle number of 0.91 gives an angle of 65 degrees. A de Halle number of 0.84 gives an angle of 57 degrees.

[0107] It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concepts described herein. Unless mutually exclusive, any feature may be used alone or in combination with any other feature, and this disclosure extends to and includes all combinations and sub-combinations of the one or more features described herein.

Claims

1. An absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500) for a direct air capture (DAC) system (100), said absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500) comprising: Housing (202), the housing (202) comprising: The first wall (204) extends along the longitudinal axis (X1); The second wall (206) is spaced apart from the first wall (204) on a vertical axis (X2) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X1); A third wall (208) extends between the first wall (204) and the second wall (206); and A fourth wall (210), which is opposite to the third wall (208) and extends between the first wall (204) and the second wall (206), The first wall (204), the second wall (206), the third wall (208), and the fourth wall (210) together define an entrance port (212) and an exit port (214) opposite to the entrance port (212). The inlet port (212) is configured to receive the inlet airflow (118), and the outlet port (214) is configured to discharge the exit airflow (120); and Packing assemblies (224, 824, 924, 1124, 1224, 1324), said packing assemblies (224, 824, 924, 1124, 1224, 1324) are disposed within the housing (202) and fluidly divide the housing (202) into an inlet region (226) extending from the inlet port (212) and an extension region (224, 824, 924, 1124, 1224, 1324) extending from said packing assemblies (224, 824, 924, 1124, 1224, 1324). The outlet area (228), wherein the packing assembly (224, 824, 924, 1124, 1224, 1324) includes at least one packing bed (230, 830, 930-1, 930-2, 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4, 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3, 1330-1, 1324) extending at least partially from the third wall (208) toward the fourth wall (210). 330-2), wherein at least one of the packed beds (230, 830, 930-1, 930-2, 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4, 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3, 1330-1, 1330-2) is inclined at an angle (A1, A8, A9-1, A9-2, A11-1, A11-2, A11-3, A11-4, A11-5) relative to the longitudinal axis (X1). The airflow (232) flowing through at least one of the packed beds (230, 830, 930-1, 930-2, 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4, 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3, 1330-1, 1330-2) is arranged in such a way that the velocity of the airflow (232) flowing through at least one of the packed beds (230, 830, 930-1, 930-2, 1130-1, 1130-2, 1130-3, 1130-4, 1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3, 1330-1, 1330-2) is less than the velocity of the inlet airflow (118).

2. The absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500) according to any one of claims 1, wherein, The tilt angles (A1, A8, A9-1, A9-2, A11-1, A11-2, A11-3, A11-4, A12-1, A12-2, A12-3, A13-1, A13-2) are between 46 degrees and 65 degrees.

3. The absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500) according to claim 2, wherein, The tilt angles (A1, A8, A9-1, A9-2, A11-1, A11-2, A11-3, A11-4, A12-1, A12-2, A12-3, A13-1, A13-2) are equal to 57 degrees.

4. The absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500) according to claim 1, wherein, The third wall (208) defines a first side edge (216) disposed at the entrance port (212) and a second side edge (218) opposite to the first side edge (216), wherein each of the first side edge (216) and the second side edge (218) extends along the vertical axis (X2), wherein the fourth wall (210) defines a third side edge (220) disposed at the entrance port (212) and a fourth side edge (224) opposite to the third side edge (220), wherein each of the third side edge (220) and the fourth side edge (224) extends along the vertical axis (X2).

5. The absorber (200) according to claim 4, wherein, At least one of the packing beds (230) is a single packing bed (230) extending between the first side edge (216) of the third wall (208) and the fourth side edge (224) of the fourth wall (210).

6. The absorber (800) according to claim 4, wherein, At least one of the packing beds (830) is a single packing bed (830) extending between the second side edge (218) of the third wall (208) and the third side edge (220) of the fourth wall (210).

7. The absorber (900, 1100) according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the packing beds (930-1, 930-2, 1130-1, 1130-2) further includes a first packing bed (930-1, 1130-1) and a second packing bed (930-2, 1130-2), the first packing bed (930-1, 1130-1) extending from the third wall (208), the second packing bed (930-2, 1130-2) connected to the first packing bed (930-1, 1130-1) and extending from the first packing bed (930-1, 1130-1) to the fourth wall (210), and wherein the second packing bed (930-2, 1130-2) is arranged at an angle relative to the first packing bed (930-1, 1130-1).

8. The absorber (1100) according to claim 7, wherein, The packing assembly (1124) further includes a third packing bed (1130-3) and a fourth packing bed (1130-4), the third packing bed (1130-3) extending from the third wall (208) toward the fourth wall (210), the fourth packing bed (1130-4) being connected to the third packing bed (1130-3) and extending from the third packing bed (1130-3) to the fourth wall (210), wherein the fourth packing bed (1130-4) is inclined at an angle relative to the third packing bed (1130-3), and wherein each of the third packing bed (1130-3) and the fourth packing bed (1130-4) is spaced apart from each of the first packing bed (1130-1) and the second packing bed (1130-2) and is disposed downstream of each of the first packing bed (1130-1) and the second packing bed (1130-2).

9. The absorber (1200) according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the packed beds (1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3) further includes a plurality of packed beds (1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3), the plurality of packed beds (1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3) being connected to each other and arranged in a zigzag configuration, such that each pair of adjacent packed beds (1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3) is arranged at an angle relative to each other, wherein the plurality of packed beds (1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3) includes a first end packed bed (1230-1), a second end packed bed (1230-2), and a third end packed bed (1230-3). The system includes at least one intermediate packing bed (1230-3), wherein the first end packing bed (1230-1) extends from the third wall (208) toward the fourth wall (210), the second end packing bed (1230-2) extends from the fourth wall (210) toward the third wall (208), the intermediate packing bed (1230-3) is disposed between the first end packing bed (1230-1) and the second end packing bed (1230-2), and wherein each of the plurality of packing beds (1230-1, 1230-2, 1230-3) is arranged at a corresponding angle (A12-1, A12-2, A12-3) relative to the longitudinal axis (X1).

10. The absorber (1300) according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the packing beds (1330-1) is a first packing bed (1330-2) extending from the third wall (208) to the fourth wall (210), wherein the packing assembly (1324) further includes a second packing bed (1330-2) spaced apart from the first packing bed (1330-1) and disposed downstream of the first packing bed (1330-1), and wherein the second packing bed (1330-2) extends from the third wall (208) to the fourth wall (210).

11. The absorber (1400, 1500) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the absorber (1400, 1500) further comprises a plurality of inlet guide vanes (1458) disposed upstream of at least one of the packing beds (230) along the airflow direction (AF1).

12. The absorber (1500) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the absorber (1500) further comprising a plurality of exit guide vanes (1560) disposed downstream of at least one of the packing beds (230) along the airflow direction (AF1).

13. The absorber (1300, 1400) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the absorber (1300, 1400) further comprising a spraying unit (1352, 1354, 1452) disposed upstream of at least one of the packed beds (1330-1, 1330-2, 230) along the airflow direction (AF1), the spraying unit (1352, 1354, 1452) comprising one or more nozzles (1356, 1456) configured to spray fluid into the inlet region (226).

14. The absorber (700) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The packing assembly (224) further includes: a first support (746) that connects at least one of the packing beds (230) to the third wall (208); and a second support (748) that connects at least one of the packing beds (230) to the fourth wall (210).

15. The absorber (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, At least one of the packed beds (230) includes a plurality of packing portions (235, 236, 238, 240, 536, 538, 636-1, 636-2, 638-1, 638-2), the plurality of packing portions (235, 236, 238, 240, 536, 538, 636-1, 636-2, 638-1, 638-2) being spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of channels (237, 242, 542, 544, 642), thereby allowing fluid flow through the plurality of channels (237, 242, 542, 544, 642).

16. The absorber (200) according to claim 15, wherein each packing portion (235) is spaced apart from adjacent packing portions (235) by a distance (S1, S2, ..., Si-1), and wherein, Each filler section (235) is defined with a thickness (T1, T2, ..., Ti).

17. The absorber (200) according to claim 15, wherein, The plurality of filler portions (536) are similar in shape and size.

18. The absorber (200) according to claim 15, wherein, The plurality of filler portions (538) are similar in shape but different in size.

19. The absorber (200) according to claim 15, wherein, At least two of the plurality of packing portions (636-1, 636-2, 638-1, 638-2) are different in shape and size.

20. A direct air capture (DAC) system (100), the direct air capture (DAC) system comprising at least one DAC module (102), wherein, The at least one DAC module (102) includes an absorber (200, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500) according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. A method for capturing CO2 from a gas stream containing carbon dioxide (CO2), the method comprising: Provided a direct air capture (DAC) system (100) according to claim 20; as well as The CO2-containing gas stream is allowed to flow through the system.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The gas stream containing CO2 is air.

23. A method for determining the position of at least one packed bed in an absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 19, the method comprising: The inclination angle of the packing bed relative to the longitudinal axis (X1) of the absorber housing on which the packing bed is disposed is determined, wherein, The determination calculates the tilt angle that reduces the velocity of the airflow without causing separation of the airflow flowing through the packing bed.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The determined angle is the tilt angle that minimizes the velocity of the airflow without causing separation of the airflow passing through the packing bed.

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