A fixed type fog pile dust fall system and method for a house building construction site

Abstract

The application provides a fixed fog stake dust fall system and method for a house construction site, comprising obtaining real-time position information and running state information of a construction device; predicting a high dust operation area and an operation type in a future preset time period based on the real-time position information and construction plan information; and generating a pre-starting instruction to control the fixed fog stake system to enter a standby state before the construction device enters the high dust operation area. The application realizes a change from passive response to active intervention, dynamically and accurately adjusts the spraying parameters through intelligent analysis of environmental data and device operation types, and finally achieves comprehensive benefits of suppressing dust from the source, significantly improving dust fall efficiency, greatly reducing water resource consumption, and avoiding ground mudification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fixed fog pile dust suppression system and method for building construction sites. Background Technology

[0002] Construction sites generate significant amounts of dust during processes such as earthwork excavation, material handling, pile foundation construction, and concrete pouring. Therefore, effective dust control has become a core requirement for green construction and civilized construction sites.

[0003] Currently, the dust suppression technologies commonly used at construction sites mainly include the following: Mobile fog cannons and water sprinkler trucks: These types of equipment require manual operation, have limited coverage, and have many blind spots. Their operation heavily relies on the driver's experience, cannot achieve continuous dust suppression 24 hours a day, and are prone to interference with various types of machinery in high-intensity construction sites, posing safety hazards. Their operating costs are also relatively high. Fixed fencing and tower crane sprinkler systems: While these systems achieve dust suppression at fixed points, their spray angle, range, and flow rate are usually preset and cannot be dynamically adjusted based on the real-time location and diffusion of the dust source. Their control mode is simple, typically based on timed start / stop or simple dust concentration threshold triggering, essentially a "passive response" mode. That is, the system only starts when dust has already been generated and diffused to the vicinity of the sensor, exhibiting significant lag, low dust suppression efficiency, and easily leading to water waste and ground mud formation. Automatic dust suppression systems based on environmental sensors: This is a relatively advanced method, using dust concentration sensors to monitor the environment and automatically control the start and stop of dust suppression equipment. However, such systems still have significant drawbacks: First, their control logic is simplistic, relying solely on dust concentration (result) for feedback control, making it impossible to trace the source of dust generation and achieve precise, targeted dust suppression. Second, the system is completely disconnected from the construction process and equipment scheduling, unable to predict upcoming high-dust operations and failing to achieve "prevention." Third, existing systems generally lack safe interaction mechanisms with the construction environment; high-pressure sprays may obstruct the visibility of large machinery or cause physical interference with equipment such as crane booms, creating new safety hazards. Finally, in terms of resource utilization, most systems lack efficient wastewater recycling and reuse designs, resulting in high water consumption and failing to meet the environmental protection requirements of green construction.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a fixed dust suppression system and method that can intelligently link with the construction process, achieve precise control from the source, and combine safety and water-saving benefits, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks and realize the intelligent, efficient and resource-saving dust suppression work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a fixed fog pile dust suppression system and method for building construction sites, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: A method for intelligent dust suppression using fixed fogging stations at building construction sites includes the following steps: S1: Obtain real-time location and operating status information of construction equipment; S2: Based on the real-time location information and construction plan information, predict the high-dust operation areas and operation types within a future preset time period; S3: Before the construction equipment enters the high dust operation area, a pre-start command is generated to control the fixed fog pile system to enter the preparatory state; S4: Acquire environmental monitoring data of the high-dust work area in real time, and the environmental monitoring data includes at least dust concentration and wind speed and direction; S5: Based on the operation type and the environmental monitoring data, dynamically adjust the spray parameters of the fixed fog pile system, wherein the spray parameters include spray range, spray angle, spray pressure and spray flow rate.

[0007] An intelligent dust suppression system, characterized in that it comprises: The prediction module is used to predict high-dust work areas based on the location and planning information of construction equipment; The linkage control module is used to generate pre-start instructions and dynamically adjust spray parameters; The environmental sensing module is used to acquire dust concentration, wind speed and direction data; The equipment positioning module is used to obtain the real-time location of the construction equipment.

[0008] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) By acquiring the real-time location of construction equipment and predicting high-dust operation areas, the present invention controls the fog pile system to enter the preparatory state before dust is generated, realizing the transformation from passive response to active intervention. Combined with the intelligent analysis of environmental data and equipment operation type, the spray parameters are dynamically and accurately adjusted, ultimately achieving the comprehensive benefits of suppressing dust from the source, significantly improving dust reduction efficiency, greatly reducing water consumption and avoiding ground mud formation. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the intelligent dust suppression system of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 The core method flowchart of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0013] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0014] Example 1 Reference Figure 1-2 As shown, a method for intelligent dust suppression using fixed fogging piles at a building construction site includes the following steps: S1: Obtain real-time location and operating status information of construction equipment; S2: Based on the real-time location information and construction plan information, predict the high-dust operation areas and operation types within a future preset time period; S3: Before the construction equipment enters the high dust operation area, a pre-start command is generated to control the fixed fog pile system to enter the preparatory state; S4: Acquire environmental monitoring data of the high-dust work area in real time, and the environmental monitoring data includes at least dust concentration and wind speed and direction; S5: Based on the operation type and the environmental monitoring data, dynamically adjust the spray parameters of the fixed fog pile system, wherein the spray parameters include spray range, spray angle, spray pressure and spray flow rate.

[0015] Specifically, this case takes the earthwork excavation stage of a large commercial complex project as an example, as follows: A fixed fogging station is placed every 35 meters along the construction fence. The fogging station posts are fixed with quick-installation bases, and the height is adjusted to 6 meters. Dust sensors (model: Panteng PMS7003) are installed at the center of the construction site and on each fogging station; an anemometer (model: Vaisala WXT520) is installed at the highest point; soil moisture sensors (model: STE soil three-parameter sensor) are buried 5cm deep in the earthwork operation area, main access roads and material storage yards. In addition, Beidou positioning terminals are installed on all excavators and dump trucks, and their equipment types (such as "excavator-CAT320D", "dump truck-FAW Jiefang") are entered into the system database. Specific implementation process: In step S1, the system polls and reads the NMEA-0183 protocol data of each Beidou terminal once per second through the 4G network, and parses out its latitude and longitude coordinates (WGS-84 standard), speed, and heading angle. The operating status information is obtained by parsing the CAN bus data (through the equipment manufacturer's authorized interface). For excavators, the "hydraulic main pump pressure" value (unit: Bar) is taken as the work intensity index. In step S2, the pre-stored job models exist in the form of database tables. For example:

[0016] The system reads the real-time location of a CAT320D (ID: EXC-001) as (E116.°XX, N39.°YY), with a hydraulic pressure of 180 Bar, and immediately marks it as a high-intensity dust source. Combining this with its heading angle (e.g., 90°) and speed (0 km / h), the system predicts that the high-dust work area within the next 2 minutes will be a circular area with a radius of 15 meters centered on this point. Preferably, the system is deployed on a cloud platform, and its prediction module embeds the open-source OpenFOAM CFD solver. After receiving the equipment data, this module automatically calls a pre-generated 3D mesh model of the construction site (generated based on the BIM model) and, using the current wind speed of 4.8 m / s and northwest wind direction as boundary conditions, initiates a transient simulation. The simulated dust diffusion velocity vector (e.g., direction 135°, speed 0.5 m / s) is returned to the ground-based linkage control module via a RESTful API. The entire CFD calculation process can be completed within 60 seconds to meet real-time requirements. In step S3, the system sends a pre-start command to the fog dome (ID: MIST-005) located downwind of EXC-001, southeast of it. This command causes the variable frequency high-pressure water pump of MIST-005 to run at a low speed of 25Hz, maintaining the pipeline pressure at 0.8MPa. Simultaneously, it controls the servo motor of the top spray unit to rotate, pointing its nozzle axis to an azimuth angle of 135° (i.e., the vector direction predicted by CFD), and lowering the pitch angle to -10° (to cover a closer area). At this moment, the system is in a "trigger half-pulled" state, and the actual measured response delay of the entire system is 380 milliseconds. In steps S4 and S5, based on the "intensity level 4" obtained in S2, the system sets the following baseline values ​​for MIST-005: water pump frequency 50Hz (pressure approximately 7 MPa), flow rate 60 L / min. The dust sensor of MIST-005 detects that the PM10 concentration instantly rises to 800 micrograms per cubic meter. The PID control algorithm in the system (proportional coefficient Kp=0.5, integral time Ti=10s) calculates the correction amount based on the deviation between the set value (150 micrograms per cubic meter) and the measured value, and increases the water pump frequency to 55Hz. The anemometer shows that the instantaneous wind speed increases to 4.8m / s, and the system immediately executes headwind compensation. The PID control algorithm is executed in the PLC of the fog pile with a cycle of 100ms, and its control error e(t) = PM10 set value - PM10 measured value. Its output u(t) is the increment of the water pump frequency (unit: Hz), and the calculation formula is: u(t) = Kp * e(t) + Ki * ∫e(t)dt + Kd * de(t) / dt, where Kp=0.5, Ki=1 / Ti=0.1, Kd=0 (PI control is used in this example). The calculated u(t) is added to the current frequency value to obtain the new target frequency (e.g., 50 + 5 = 55Hz), and written to the frequency setpoint register of the frequency converter (e.g., address: 0x1001) via the Modbus RTU protocol, thereby completing a closed-loop control: the horizontal angle of the spray unit is finely adjusted from 135° to 120° to counteract the offset caused by the wind; at the same time, the water pump frequency is further increased to 58Hz to increase the pressure so that the droplets are finer and avoid being blown away by the strong wind, ensuring that the droplets can effectively cover the dust diffusion path.

[0017] The prediction in step S2 specifically includes: calling a pre-stored construction equipment operation model, which defines the mapping relationship between different equipment types and typical dust emission intensities; and calculating the predicted dust generation intensity level of the high-dust operation area by combining the real-time location information, equipment type, and operating status information.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the prediction module constructs a digital twin scene based on the BIM model or 3D point cloud scan model of the target construction site. This model includes not only the terrain and landforms, but also details such as buildings and stockpiles. The system combines the principles of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the dust diffusion path and settling law under different wind speeds and directions in the digital twin, thereby achieving ultra-high accuracy prediction of the dust cloud movement trajectory and providing more accurate guidance for the vector spraying of the spray unit.

[0019] The preparatory state described in step S3 includes: starting the high-pressure water pump to a low-speed standby state, maintaining the pipeline base pressure, and controlling the spray unit to rotate toward the work point that the construction equipment is expected to reach; the spray unit is in a ready-to-trigger state, and its response delay is less than 500 milliseconds.

[0020] Furthermore, the standby state is a low-power standby mode, distinct from complete shutdown and full-power operation. In this state, the high-pressure water pump operates at low speed, maintaining only the basic pressure within the pipeline (e.g., 0.5-1 MPa), avoiding wear and tear on the pump body from frequent start-stop cycles. Simultaneously, the servo motor of the spray unit has been pre-rotated to the expected operating point direction, ensuring that the system's response time (i.e., response delay) from receiving the trigger command to spraying effective droplets can be controlled within 500 milliseconds. This allows for timely responses to sudden dust emissions, solving the problem of excessively long delays (typically several seconds to over ten seconds) caused by pump startup and mechanical inertia in traditional systems.

[0021] The dynamic adjustment in step S5 specifically includes: setting a baseline value for the spray parameters based on the predicted dust generation intensity level; and then performing closed-loop feedback correction on the baseline value based on the real-time dust concentration data and wind speed and direction data.

[0022] The dynamic adjustment in step S5 also includes: calculating the direction and velocity vector of dust diffusion based on wind speed and direction data; controlling the spray unit to spray towards the upwind direction of the vector; and adjusting the spray pressure according to the wind speed value to ensure that the droplets effectively cover the diffusion path.

[0023] The dynamic adjustment of spray parameters includes headwind compensation control based on wind speed and direction data: the linkage control module receives data from the anemometer in real time and calculates the target spray azimuth angle and target pressure of the spray unit through the built-in headwind compensation algorithm. The target spray azimuth angle is the opposite direction of the current wind direction plus a compensation offset angle calculated based on wind speed and empirical coefficients to ensure that the droplets can accurately cover the dust diffusion path under the action of wind. The target pressure is positively correlated with the wind speed value. When the wind speed increases, the variable frequency high-pressure water pump is controlled to increase the output frequency to increase the spray pressure, generating finer and higher kinetic energy droplets to counteract the wind dispersion. The calculated instructions are sent to the servo motor and variable frequency water pump of the spray unit in real time to drive their precise actions, forming a dynamic, closed-loop vector spray control mechanism that effectively counteracts the impact of changing wind direction. Furthermore, the headwind compensation vector control is based on the fact that lateral wind forces can cause droplets to deviate from their predetermined paths. To counteract this effect, the system calculates a headwind compensation angle θ in real time using a built-in model. This angle is directly proportional to the wind speed and inversely proportional to the spray pressure (θ ∝ WS / P). Subsequently, the system controls the spray unit to rotate to the target azimuth angle = current wind direction + 180° + θ for spraying, ensuring that the actual trajectory of the droplets under the influence of the wind precisely covers the dust diffusion path. Simultaneously, the system synchronously increases the spray pressure based on the wind speed value to ensure that the droplets have sufficient kinetic energy and range to penetrate the wind field, achieving precise dust suppression.

[0024] It also includes the following safety obstacle avoidance steps: S6: Real-time monitoring of obstacles around fog cones using lidar point cloud data, and construction of a dynamic obstacle map; S7: When equipment or personnel are detected entering the preset safe distance range, the danger azimuth angle is automatically calculated; S8: Immediately shut down the spray unit covering the dangerous azimuth angle and trigger an audible and visual alarm, while simultaneously generating a safety log on the construction management platform.

[0025] In step S8, the system further uploads the hash values ​​of key environmental data (such as early warning records, dust suppression equipment operation logs, and water and electricity consumption) to the blockchain for evidence storage, generating an immutable and self-verified environmental report. This provides absolutely credible data support for environmental supervision and also makes it easier for construction companies to prove the compliance of their green construction.

[0026] In steps S6-S8, the 16-line lidar on top of the MIST-005 scans at a frequency of 10Hz. The point cloud clustering algorithm detects a moving object entering its 2-meter radius and calculates its azimuth angle to be 70°. The control system immediately shuts down the nozzle group covering the 60°-80° azimuth angle (but not all of them) and sends an audible and visual alarm to the worker's wristband and the terminal in the excavator cab in the area via the LORA wireless module.

[0027] Among them, the 16-line lidar (model: Hesai QT16) scans at a frequency of 10Hz, outputting raw point cloud data, and the fog pile has an embedded computer (such as Jetson) built in. The Nano runs the Euclidean clustering extraction algorithm in the Point Cloud Library (PCL) with the following parameters: point cloud distance threshold of 0.25 meters, minimum number of points in a cluster of 50, and maximum number of points of 25,000. The algorithm identifies a cluster center point entering a 2-meter warning range. This parameter combination can effectively distinguish independent obstacles on the construction site and filter noise. For each identified valid cluster, the system calculates its three-dimensional centroid coordinates and converts them into distance and azimuth relative to the fog cones. When an obstacle is detected entering the warning area, the system does not simply shut down the entire area. Instead, it generates a zone control command based on the azimuth information and closes the solenoid valves within the corresponding azimuth range via CAN bus communication. This achieves precise obstacle avoidance and maximizes the continuity of dust suppression operations. When the azimuth is 70°, the system immediately generates a control command and sends it to the solenoid valve controller via CAN bus to close the solenoid valves controlling the nozzles within the 70° azimuth range. At the same time, an alarm message is broadcast via the LORA wireless module.

[0028] It also includes the following water resource recycling steps: S9: Collect wastewater generated during dust suppression operations through site drainage ditches; S10: The wastewater is treated by passing it through a sedimentation tank, a multi-stage filtration device, and an ultraviolet disinfection device; S11: Store the treated water in a recycled water tank and use it preferentially in subsequent dust suppression operations.

[0029] The process after step S5 also includes: S12: Real-time monitoring of ground surface humidity in the dustfall area using a humidity sensor buried underground; S13: When the surface humidity exceeds a preset threshold, a control command is generated to reduce the spray volume or switch to intermittent spray mode to prevent the ground from becoming muddy.

[0030] Furthermore, in steps S12 and S13, surface humidity refers to the moisture content of the shallow soil layer, monitored by a soil moisture sensor buried 5-10cm underground. This value more directly reflects the risk of mud formation on the ground, superior to monitoring only air humidity. The 'intermittent spray mode' refers to the system switching from continuous spraying to a 'spray-stop cycle' mode, for example, working for 2 seconds and stopping for 8 seconds. This maintains a certain level of dust-suppressing humidity in the air while allowing sufficient time for the ground to absorb or evaporate moisture, effectively preventing mud formation and water accumulation caused by continuous overspraying.

[0031] In steps S9-13, the sprayed wastewater flows into a three-stage sedimentation tank through a drainage ditch, and is then treated by a multi-stage filtration device of "quartz sand + activated carbon" and a UVLED ultraviolet disinfection device before being stored in a recycled water tank 45. When the soil moisture sensor detects that the humidity in a certain area reaches 25% (the threshold is set to 22%), the system automatically switches the spraying mode of the corresponding area from continuous spraying to intermittent mode (spraying for 3 seconds and stopping for 10 seconds), effectively preventing the ground from becoming muddy.

[0032] The method also includes a nighttime construction mode: receiving ambient light sensor signals or determining the nighttime mode based on system time; in nighttime mode, automatically reducing the spray intensity and controlling the spray unit to avoid main traffic lanes and lighting areas, so as to avoid water mist causing scattering interference to vehicle lights and illumination.

[0033] The present invention also includes an intelligent dust suppression system, comprising: The prediction module is used to predict high-dust operation areas based on the location and planning information of construction equipment; the prediction module is implemented by a Python program deployed on a cloud server, which integrates an MQTT client, a database interface and an OpenFOAM call interface; The linkage control module is used to generate pre-start instructions and dynamically adjust spray parameters; the linkage control module is implemented by the structured control program in the local Siemens S7-1200 PLC of the fog pile, which is responsible for performing PID calculations, MQTT communication and Modbus control. The environmental sensing module is used to acquire dust concentration, wind speed and direction data; The equipment positioning module is used to obtain the real-time location of the construction equipment.

[0034] Example 2: Taking steel structure cutting and welding as an example The "plasma cutter" and "welding machine" are entered into the system. Their operating status is determined by monitoring their working current using a wireless current clamp meter. The rule is set as follows: if the current is >30A, the dust / fume emission intensity level is "high". When the system detects that the current of the cutting machine in a certain area reaches 50A, it immediately predicts that point is a dust source. Because the cutting fume particles are smaller, the system automatically adjusts the spray parameters, increasing the water pump pressure to over 10MPa to ensure finer droplets and higher capture efficiency. Other steps are similar to those in Example 1.

[0035] Therefore, the system of the present invention has a high degree of flexibility and configurability, and can be easily adapted to completely different working conditions by adjusting the parameters and spray parameters in the operation model database.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent dust suppression using fixed fogging piles at building construction sites, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain real-time location and operating status information of construction equipment; S2: Based on the real-time location information and construction plan information, predict the high-dust operation areas and operation types within a future preset time period; S3: Before the construction equipment enters the high dust operation area, a pre-start command is generated to control the fixed fog pile system to enter the preparatory state; S4: Acquire environmental monitoring data of the high-dust work area in real time, and the environmental monitoring data includes at least dust concentration and wind speed and direction; S5: Based on the operation type and the environmental monitoring data, dynamically adjust the spray parameters of the fixed fog pile system, wherein the spray parameters include spray range, spray angle, spray pressure and spray flow rate; The prediction in step S2 specifically includes: calling a pre-stored construction equipment operation model, which defines the mapping relationship between different equipment types and typical dust emission intensities; and calculating the predicted dust generation intensity level of the high-dust operation area by combining the real-time location information, equipment type, and operating status information. The preparatory state described in step S3 includes: starting the high-pressure water pump to a low-speed standby state, maintaining the pipeline base pressure, and controlling the spray unit to rotate toward the work point that the construction equipment is expected to reach; the spray unit is in a ready-to-trigger state with a response delay of less than 500 milliseconds; The dynamic adjustment in step S5 specifically includes: setting a baseline value for the spray parameters based on the predicted dust generation intensity level; and then performing closed-loop feedback correction on the baseline value based on the real-time dust concentration data and wind speed and direction data. The dynamic adjustment in step S5 also includes: calculating the direction and velocity vector of dust diffusion based on wind speed and direction data; controlling the spray unit to spray towards the upwind direction of the velocity vector, and adjusting the spray pressure according to the wind speed value to ensure that the droplets effectively cover the diffusion path; the dynamic adjustment of spray parameters includes backwind compensation control based on wind speed and direction data: the linkage control module receives the data from the anemometer in real time, and calculates the target spray azimuth angle and target pressure of the spray unit through the built-in backwind compensation algorithm. The target spray azimuth angle is the opposite direction of the current wind direction plus a compensation offset angle calculated based on wind speed and empirical coefficients; It also includes the following safety obstacle avoidance steps: S6: Real-time monitoring of obstacles around fog cones using lidar point cloud data, and construction of a dynamic obstacle map; S7: When equipment or personnel are detected entering the preset safe distance range, the danger azimuth angle is automatically calculated; S8: Immediately shut down the spray unit covering the dangerous azimuth angle and trigger an audible and visual alarm, while simultaneously generating a safety log on the construction management platform.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following water resource recycling steps: S9: Collect wastewater generated during dust suppression operations through site drainage ditches; S10: The wastewater is treated by passing it through a sedimentation tank, a multi-stage filtration device, and an ultraviolet disinfection device; S11: Store the treated water in a recycled water tank and use it preferentially in subsequent dust suppression operations.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process after step S5 also includes: S12: Real-time monitoring of surface humidity in the dustfall area using a humidity sensor buried underground; S13: When the surface humidity exceeds a preset threshold, a control command is generated to reduce the spray volume or switch to intermittent spray mode to prevent the ground from becoming muddy.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes a nighttime construction mode: receiving ambient light sensor signals or determining the nighttime mode based on system time; in nighttime mode, automatically reducing the spray intensity and controlling the spray unit to avoid main traffic lanes and lighting areas, so as to avoid water mist causing scattering interference to vehicle lights and illumination.

5. An intelligent dust suppression system for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: The prediction module is used to predict high-dust work areas based on the location and planning information of construction equipment; The linkage control module is used to generate pre-start instructions and dynamically adjust spray parameters; The environmental sensing module is used to acquire dust concentration, wind speed and direction data; The equipment positioning module is used to obtain the real-time location of the construction equipment.

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