A tower pole production and processing mechanism of a communication tower

Abstract

The application provides a tower pole production and processing mechanism of a communication tower, and relates to the technical field of communication tower processing. The mechanism comprises a frame, a control center is fixedly connected to the surface of the frame, a conveying frame is arranged at the bottom of the frame, a tower pole body is rollingly connected to the top of the conveying frame, a cross beam is fixedly connected to the top of the frame, a main cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cross beam, a welding seam following assembly is fixedly connected to the output end of the main cylinder, the welding seam following assembly is used for following the welding seam at all times, and the influence of equipment vibration is alleviated. The application can dynamically compensate welding parameters and position deviation, always maintain the best laser welding state, ensure the forming quality and connection strength of the welding seam on the tower pole body, efficiently clean the welding seam surface through a welding surface cleaning assembly, further improve the overall flatness and durability of the tower pole welding, and finally realize high precision, high efficiency and high reliability of the tower pole production and processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication tower processing technology, and in particular to a tower pole production and processing mechanism for communication towers. Background Technology

[0002] A communication tower is a structure used to support and transmit radio wave signals. Its main function is to provide physical support for signal transmission and reception for mobile communications, broadcasting and television, etc., while solving signal coverage problems and supporting various communication services. The tower pole is an important component of a communication tower.

[0003] The tower processing and welding equipment for communication towers is an automated welding system designed specifically for the manufacture of steel structures such as communication towers and power poles. It is mainly used for longitudinal seam welding of thick-walled tubes such as cylinders, cones, and square tubes, and can realize integrated operation of seam joining and welding.

[0004] The existing tower manufacturing and processing mechanisms for communication towers have poor adaptability. When welding tower components, the diverse specifications of the tower body and the various weld seam forms make it difficult for the welding equipment to move flexibly to achieve welding. It cannot adapt to changes in the taper of the tower body and workpiece assembly errors, resulting in an inconsistent relative position between the welding torch and the weld seam, which affects the welding quality. In addition, the large size of the tower body means that during long-distance welding, the thermal deformation of the gantry structure itself, mechanical vibration, and slight deformation of the workpiece can cause deviations between the preset welding path and the actual weld seam, which can easily lead to defects such as weld misalignment and undercut. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a tower manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers, which can solve the technical problems of the prior art, such as the diverse specifications of towers and the different weld seam forms, the difficulty in flexibly adapting welding equipment, the inability to adapt to changes in tower body taper and workpiece assembly errors, resulting in unstable relative positions between the welding torch and the weld seam; in addition, due to the large size of the tower body, thermal deformation of the gantry structure, mechanical vibration and slight deformation of the workpiece during long-distance welding, the preset welding path is easily caused to deviate from the actual weld seam, resulting in defects such as weld misalignment and undercut, affecting welding quality.

[0006] This invention provides a tower manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers, comprising: a frame, a control center fixedly connected to the surface of the frame, a conveyor frame at the bottom of the frame, a tower body rotatably connected to the top of the conveyor frame, a crossbeam fixedly connected to the top of the frame, a main cylinder fixedly connected to the bottom of the crossbeam, a weld seam following component fixedly connected to the output end of the main cylinder, the weld seam following component being used to constantly follow the weld seam and mitigate the impact of equipment vibration, the weld seam following component being connected to the main cylinder; a welding adjustment component, the welding adjustment component being used to dynamically compensate and maintain the optimal laser welding state, the welding adjustment component being connected to the weld seam following component; and a weld surface cleaning component, the weld surface cleaning component being used to clean the weld surface after laser welding, the weld surface cleaning component being connected to the frame.

[0007] Optionally, the weld seam following assembly includes multiple impact columns fixedly connected to the bottom of the main cylinder output end, with damping blocks inserted into the bottom of the multiple impact columns, and multiple butterfly springs fixedly connected to the top of the damping blocks, the multiple butterfly springs being sleeved on the surface of the impact columns.

[0008] Optionally, a plurality of straight springs are fixedly connected to the bottom of the damping block, and a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of straight springs. A welded support plate is inserted into the bottom of the connecting plate.

[0009] Optionally, a drive frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the welding support plate, a prism-shaped turntable is rotatably connected to one end of the drive frame, and multiple auxiliary wheels are rotatably connected to the other end of the drive frame.

[0010] Optionally, the welding adjustment assembly includes a drive cavity fixedly connected to the surface of the welding support plate, a linear slide groove fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive cavity, a threaded rod rotatably connected inside the linear slide groove, and a drive motor fixedly connected to one end of the linear slide groove.

[0011] Optionally, the linear slide is internally threaded with a slide table, the slide table is internally slidably connected with a rotating seat, and the bottom of the rotating seat is fixedly connected with a power frame.

[0012] Optionally, a servo motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the power frame, a laser welding gun is rotatably connected to the output end of the power frame, and a laser sensor is fixedly connected to the top surface of the laser welding gun.

[0013] Optionally, the weld surface cleaning assembly includes a collection chamber fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the frame, a negative pressure system fixedly connected to the end of the collection chamber, and a collection pipe inserted into the top of the collection chamber.

[0014] Optionally, a recovery pipe is fixedly connected to the other end of the collection pipe, the recovery pipe is fixedly connected to the end of the welding support plate, a cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the recovery pipe, and a concave fitting pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the recovery pipe.

[0015] Optionally, the bottom of the concave fitting tube is rotatably connected to a plurality of elastic grinding blocks, a rubber shaft is inserted inside the plurality of elastic grinding blocks, a plurality of elastic frames are fixedly connected to one end of the bottom of the concave fitting tube, and scrapers are fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of elastic frames.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: In this embodiment of the invention, a stable support foundation is provided by the frame and crossbeams. The control center coordinates the smooth transport of the tower body with the help of the conveyor frame. The main cylinder drives the weld seam to follow the weld seam trajectory in real time, effectively mitigating the impact of equipment vibration on welding accuracy. Combined with the welding adjustment component, welding parameters and position deviations are dynamically compensated to maintain the best laser welding state at all times, ensuring the forming quality and connection strength of the tower body weld seam. Subsequently, the weld surface cleaning component efficiently cleans the weld seam surface, further improving the overall flatness and durability of the tower weld. Ultimately, high precision, high efficiency and high reliability are achieved in the production and processing of towers, meeting the stringent usage requirements of communication tower structures. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of a tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for a communication tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of a tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for a communication tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main cylinder and weld seam following assembly of a communication tower production and processing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the crossbeam and main cylinder of a communication tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drive frame and the rhomboid turntable of a tower pole production and processing mechanism for a communication tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the weld seam following component of a tower rod production and processing mechanism for a communication tower, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main cylinder and impact column of a communication tower production and processing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drive cavity and welding support plate of a tower rod production and processing mechanism for a communication tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the welding adjustment component of a communication tower pole production and processing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sliding table and rotating seat of a tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for a communication tower, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the weld surface cleaning component of a tower pole production and processing mechanism for a communication tower, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the concave fitting tube and elastic grinding block of a tower rod production and processing mechanism for a communication tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Frame; 2-Control center; 3-Conveyor frame; 4-Crossbeam; 5-Main cylinder; 6-Weld seam following assembly; 61-Impact column; 62-Butterfly spring; 63-Damping block; 64-Straight spring; 65-Connecting plate; 66-Welding support plate; 67-Drive frame; 68-Prism turntable; 69-Auxiliary wheel; 7-Welding adjustment assembly; 71-Drive cavity; 72-Linear chute; 73-Drive motor; 74-Slide table; 75-Rotating seat; 76-Servo motor; 77-Power frame; 78-Laser welding gun; 79-Laser sensor; 8-Weld surface cleaning assembly; 81-Collection chamber; 82-Negative pressure system; 83-Collection pipe; 84-Cylinder; 85-Recovery pipe; 86-Concave fitting pipe; 87-Elastic grinding block; 88-Elastic frame; 89-Scraper; 9-Tower body. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts disclosed in this invention.

[0033] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention.

[0034] Reference manual attached Figures 1 to 12 The present invention provides a structure for a communication tower production and processing mechanism, comprising: a frame 1, a control center 2 fixedly connected to the surface of the frame 1, a conveyor frame 3 disposed at the bottom of the frame 1, a tower body 9 rotatably connected to the top of the conveyor frame 3, a crossbeam 4 fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1, a main cylinder 5 fixedly connected to the bottom of the crossbeam 4, a weld seam following component 6 fixedly connected to the output end of the main cylinder 5, the weld seam following component 6 being used to constantly follow the weld seam to mitigate the impact of equipment vibration, and the weld seam following component 6 being connected to the main cylinder 5; a welding adjustment component 7, the welding adjustment component 7 being used to dynamically compensate and maintain the optimal laser welding state, the welding adjustment component 7 being connected to the weld seam following component 6; and a weld surface cleaning component 8, the weld surface cleaning component 8 being used to clean the weld surface after laser welding, the weld surface cleaning component 8 being connected to the frame 1.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: In this embodiment of the invention, a stable support foundation can be provided by the frame 1 and the crossbeam 4. The control center 2 coordinates the overall operation, and the conveyor frame 3 is used to achieve smooth transportation of the tower body 9. The main cylinder 5 drives the weld seam following component 6 to follow the weld seam trajectory in real time, effectively mitigating the impact of equipment vibration on welding accuracy. With the welding adjustment component 7, welding parameters and position deviations are dynamically compensated to maintain the best laser welding state at all times, ensuring the forming quality and connection strength of the weld seam of the tower body 9. Subsequently, the weld surface cleaning component 8 efficiently cleans the weld seam surface, further improving the overall flatness and durability of the tower welding. Ultimately, high precision, high efficiency and high reliability of tower production and processing are achieved, meeting the stringent usage requirements of communication tower structures.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the weld seam following assembly 6 includes a plurality of impact columns 61 fixedly connected to the bottom of the output end of the master cylinder 5, with damping blocks 63 inserted into the bottom of the plurality of impact columns 61, and a plurality of butterfly springs 62 fixedly connected to the top of the damping blocks 63, the plurality of butterfly springs 62 being sleeved on the surface of the impact columns 61.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, when the equipment is operating, the weld seam follows the component 6 and moves toward and contacts the tower body 9. Then, the clamping components at both ends of the frame 1 begin to clamp and fix the tower body 9. Subsequently, the weld seam follows the component 6 as it descends and contacts the top opening of the tower body 9. At this time, the vibration of the equipment is transmitted to the impact column 61. Then, multiple butterfly springs 62 sleeved on the surface of the impact column 61 begin to drive the damping block 63 to slide on the impact column 61, absorbing and canceling the vibration energy generated by the equipment, improving the stability of the laser welding gun 78 at the weld seam, and avoiding uneven weld scale and porosity caused by vibration.

[0038] In one possible implementation, a plurality of straight springs 64 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the damping block 63, a connecting plate 65 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of straight springs 64, and a welded support plate 66 is inserted into the bottom of the connecting plate 65.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the welding support plate 66 in the weld seam following assembly 6 moves the connecting plate 65 closer to the tower body 9 and gradually comes into contact. At this time, the welding support plate 66 moves the connecting plate 65 slowly. The weld seam following assembly 6 then pre-presses the tower body 9 to prevent mechanical stress from directly damaging the surface of the tower body 9. Then, the multiple straight springs 64 at the top of the connecting plate 65 begin to contract until they are completely contracted, thus completing the pre-pressing.

[0040] In one possible implementation, a drive frame 67 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the welding support plate 66, a prism turntable 68 is rotatably connected to one end of the drive frame 67, and a plurality of auxiliary wheels 69 are rotatably connected to the other end of the drive frame 67.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, after the welding support plate 66 is pre-pressed, the auxiliary rotating wheel 69, which is rotatably connected inside the drive frame 67, is in close contact with the surface of the tower body 9. When the tower body 9 needs to move, it provides the necessary power support, thereby improving the efficiency of the operation. After the auxiliary rotating wheel 69 is in close contact with the surface of the tower body 9, the prismatic turntable 68, which is rotatably connected at the other end inside the drive frame 67, is inserted into the weld at the top of the tower body 9, keeping the weld on the welding line at all times, thereby improving the welding efficiency and preventing the weld from shifting.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the welding adjustment assembly 7 includes a drive cavity 71 fixedly connected to the surface of the welding support plate 66, a linear slide 72 fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive cavity 71, a threaded rod rotatably connected inside the linear slide 72, and a drive motor 73 fixedly connected to one end of the linear slide 72.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, the drive cavity 71 in the welding adjustment assembly 7 can provide stable support for the linear slide 72 and the drive motor 73. Furthermore, the drive motor 73 is connected to the threaded rod inside the linear slide 72, which ensures the stability of the top slider of the slide table 74 moving inside the linear slide 72, reduces the occurrence of errors, and improves the accuracy of operation.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the linear slide 72 is internally threaded with a slide table 74, the slide table 74 is internally slidably connected with a rotating seat 75, and the bottom of the rotating seat 75 is fixedly connected with a power frame 77.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the linear slide 72 and the internally threaded slide 74 form a cross slide frame, which provides multi-directional movement for the laser welding gun 78, improves adaptability to sudden changes, enhances the accuracy of dynamic adjustment, improves welding quality and the ability to cope with emergencies.

[0046] In one possible implementation, a servo motor 76 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the power frame 77, a laser welding gun 78 is rotatably connected to the output end of the power frame 77, and a laser sensor 79 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the laser welding gun 78.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the application of the laser sensor 79 enables constant monitoring and feedback of the movement changes of the tower body 9. Through the linkage between the servo motor 76 and the power frame 77, the laser welding gun 78 can be rotated to achieve multi-faceted adjustments of the horizontal, vertical and tilt angles of the laser welding gun 78, ensuring that the laser welding gun 78 is always accurately aligned with the center of the weld and maintains the best welding posture.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the weld surface cleaning assembly 8 includes a collection chamber 81 fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the frame 1, a negative pressure system 82 fixedly connected to the end of the collection chamber 81, and a collection tube 83 inserted into the top of the collection chamber 81.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, after the weld seam of the tower body 9 is welded, the collection chamber 81 fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame 1 starts to operate. By activating the negative pressure system 82 at the end of the collection chamber 81, suction is generated into the collection pipe 83 to clean and collect impurities on the surface of the weld seam, and at the same time, the weld slag after grinding is also collected, so that the working environment is clean and the health of the workers is protected.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the other end of the collection pipe 83 is fixedly connected to a recovery pipe 85, the recovery pipe 85 is fixedly connected to the end of the welding support plate 66, the top of the recovery pipe 85 is fixedly connected to a cylinder 84, and the bottom of the recovery pipe 85 is fixedly connected to a concave fitting pipe 86.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the collecting pipe 83 acts on the recycling pipe 85 and, together with the concave fitting pipe 86, fits against the weld seam to reduce the leakage of welding slag. In addition, in conjunction with the cylinder 84, the concave fitting pipe 86 can always be tightly fitted to the surface of the weld seam, thereby improving the recycling of welding slag.

[0052] In one possible implementation, a plurality of elastic abrasive blocks 87 are rotatably connected to the bottom of the concave fitting tube 86, and a rubber shaft is inserted inside the plurality of elastic abrasive blocks 87. A plurality of elastic frames 88 are fixedly connected to one end of the bottom of the concave fitting tube 86, and a scraper 89 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of elastic frames 88.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, as the concave fitting tube 86 comes into contact with the weld after welding, multiple elastic grinding blocks 87 installed at the bottom of the concave fitting tube 86 rotate to grind the weld. The multiple movable elastic grinding blocks 87 can be adjusted according to the edge shape of the tower body 9, and the tightness is adjusted by pulling the rubber shaft inside the multiple elastic grinding blocks 87 to ensure that the elastic grinding blocks 87 can grind welds of various shapes. Then, the weld slag after grinding is absorbed into the collection chamber 81 through the concave fitting tube 86. At the same time, the scraper 89, together with the elastic frame 88, is in constant contact with the weld surface to scrape off the weld slag, improving the appearance and quality of the weld.

[0054] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments, while those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tower pole production processing mechanism of a communication tower, characterized in that, include: A frame (1) is fixedly connected to a control center (2) on its surface. A conveyor frame (3) is provided at the bottom of the frame (1). A tower body (9) is rolledly connected to the top of the conveyor frame (3). A crossbeam (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the frame (1). A main cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crossbeam (4). A weld seam following assembly (6) is fixedly connected to the output end of the main cylinder (5). The weld seam following assembly (6) is used to follow the weld seam at all times to alleviate the impact of equipment vibration. The weld seam following assembly (6) is connected to the main cylinder (5). Welding adjustment assembly (7) is used for dynamic compensation to maintain the best laser welding state. The welding adjustment assembly (7) is connected to the weld seam following assembly (6). The welding adjustment assembly (7) includes a drive cavity (71) fixedly connected to the surface of the welding support plate (66). A laser sensor (79) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the laser welding gun (78). Weld surface cleaning component (8), which is used to clean the weld surface after laser welding, and is connected to the frame (1); The welding surface cleaning assembly (8) includes a recovery tube (85), which is fixedly connected to the end of the welding support plate (66). A cylinder (84) is fixedly connected to the top of the recovery tube (85), and a concave fitting tube (86) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the recovery tube (85). The weld seam following assembly (6) includes a plurality of impact columns (61) fixedly connected to the bottom of the output end of the master cylinder (5). A damping block (63) is inserted into the bottom of the plurality of impact columns (61). A plurality of butterfly springs (62) are fixedly connected to the top of the damping block (63). The plurality of butterfly springs (62) are sleeved on the surface of the impact column (61). The bottom of the damping block (63) is fixedly connected to a plurality of straight springs (64), the bottom of the plurality of straight springs (64) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (65), and a welding support plate (66) is inserted into the bottom of the connecting plate (65). The bottom of the welding support plate (66) is fixedly connected to a drive frame (67). One end of the drive frame (67) is rotatably connected to a prismatic turntable (68). The other end of the drive frame (67) is rotatably connected to multiple auxiliary wheels (69). The prismatic turntable (68) rotatably connected to the other end of the drive frame (67) is inserted into the weld at the top of the tower body (9).

2. The tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the drive cavity (71) is fixedly connected to a linear slide groove (72), and a threaded rod is rotatably connected inside the linear slide groove (72). One end of the linear slide groove (72) is fixedly connected to a drive motor (73).

3. The tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linear slide (72) is internally threaded with a slide table (74), and the slide table (74) is internally slidably connected with a rotating seat (75). The bottom of the rotating seat (75) is fixedly connected with a power frame (77).

4. The tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers according to claim 3, characterized in that, A servo motor (76) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the power frame (77), and a laser welding gun (78) is rotatably connected to the output end of the power frame (77).

5. The tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers according to claim 4, characterized in that, The welding surface cleaning assembly (8) includes a collection chamber (81) fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the frame (1), a negative pressure system (82) fixedly connected to the end of the collection chamber (81), and a collection tube (83) inserted into the top of the collection chamber (81).

6. The tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The other end of the collection tube (83) is fixedly connected to the recovery tube (85).

7. The tower pole manufacturing and processing mechanism for communication towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the concave fitting tube (86) is rotatably connected to a plurality of elastic grinding blocks (87), and a rubber shaft is inserted inside the plurality of elastic grinding blocks (87). One end of the bottom of the concave fitting tube (86) is fixedly connected to a plurality of elastic frames (88), and the bottom of the plurality of elastic frames (88) is fixedly connected to a scraper (89).

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