Long-distance reverse slope drainage method for undersea tunnels

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of submarine tunnel construction, and particularly to a long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels. The method includes drainage preparation, setting up a first pumping station, a second pumping station, a third pumping station, a fourth pumping station, dismantling the second pumping station, setting up a suction pump, and dismantling the suction pump. By rationally arranging the first, second, third, and fourth pumping stations, the method ensures the drainage of accumulated water during submarine tunnel construction, avoids the need to install a large number of pumping stations inside the submarine tunnel, and reduces the consumption of manpower and resources. It fully utilizes the pumping capacity of the pumping stations in the submarine tunnel, avoiding waste of pumping capacity. The method optimizes the layout of the submarine tunnel pumping stations, improves the efficiency of submarine tunnel construction, and saves construction costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of submarine tunnel construction, and in particular to a long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Unlike land tunnels, undersea tunnels must be excavated according to the seabed topography. Typically, the ends of an undersea tunnel are located on land, while the tunnel itself penetrates the seabed, resulting in an overall terrain where the ends are high and the middle is low, with undulating terrain throughout the tunnel section. During construction, the surrounding rock is constantly submerged underwater, leading to water leakage. To prevent excessive water seepage from affecting construction and to ensure the structural strength of the undersea tunnel, pre-grouting is typically used to reinforce and stop the water in the surrounding rock before excavating the grouting section. Even with pre-grouting to reinforce and stop the water in the surrounding rock, seawater can still seep into the tunnel during excavation. Throughout the entire excavation process, the accumulated water in the undersea tunnel must be continuously drained. Undersea tunnels consist of parallel service tunnels and main tunnels, with the service tunnels being constructed before the main tunnels. The service tunnels and main tunnels are connected by several spaced corridors.

[0003] However, even with the reinforcement of the surrounding rock of the undersea tunnel through pre-grouting and water-stopping, a large amount of water still emerges when the undersea tunnel is excavated to the water-rich section. This is especially true when constructing an undersea tunnel with a V-shape in the non-water-rich section and the water-rich section located at a higher elevation. If the water is pumped out using the conventional reverse slope drainage method, a large number of pumping stations need to be set up inside the undersea tunnel to accommodate the drainage of the water-rich section. The arrangement of these pumping stations requires a lot of manpower and resources. After the grouting and water-stopping measures are completed in the water-rich section of the undersea tunnel, there is a waste of pumping capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the need to set up a large number of pumping stations in the submarine tunnel to adapt to the drainage of water-rich sections, the need to spend a lot of manpower and resources on the layout of pumping stations, and the waste of pumping capacity after the grouting and water-stopping measures are completed in the water-rich section of the submarine tunnel. This invention provides a long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels.

[0005] This invention provides a long-distance reverse-slope drainage method for subsea tunnels. The subsea tunnel includes a main tunnel, service tunnels, and several corridors. The main tunnel includes a non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel, a non-water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel, and a water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel connected sequentially. The service tunnels include a non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel, a non-water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel, and a water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel connected sequentially. The non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel and the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel are connected by corridors. The non-water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel and the non-water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel are connected by corridors. The water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel and the water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel are connected by corridors. The method includes the following steps: S1. Drainage preparation: Set up a sedimentation tank outside the submarine tunnel; S2. Setting up the first pumping station: A first pumping station is set up in the main tunnel along the slope in the non-water-rich section, and the first pumping station is connected to the sedimentation tank; In the area of ​​the main tunnel along the slope in the non-water-rich section, a first mobile pumping station is set up at the working face of the main tunnel, and the first mobile pumping station is connected to the first pumping station; In the area of ​​the service tunnel along the slope in the non-water-rich section, a second mobile pumping station is set up at the working face of the service tunnel, and the second mobile pumping station is connected to the first pumping station. S3. Set up a second pumping station: When the service tunnel is excavated to the non-water-rich section of the reverse slope service tunnel area, a second pumping station is set up in the subsea pumping station. The second pumping station is connected to the first pumping station, and the second mobile pumping station is dismantled. S4. Set up a third pumping station: When the main tunnel is excavated to the area of ​​the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel, a third pumping station shall be set up at the junction of the non-water-rich section down slope main tunnel and the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel. The third pumping station shall be connected to the first pumping station and the first mobile pumping station shall be dismantled. S5. Set up a fourth pumping station: When the service tunnel is excavated to the water-rich section of the reverse slope service tunnel area, a fourth pumping station is set up in the subsea pumping station. The fourth pumping station is connected to the third pumping station. S6. Demolition of the second pumping station: After the excavation of the water-rich section of the service tunnel is completed, the second pumping station will be demolished after grouting and water-stopping construction is carried out in the water-rich section of the service tunnel. S7. Install a suction pump: When the main tunnel is excavated to the water-rich section of the reverse slope main tunnel area, a suction pump is installed at the tunnel face and connected to the first pumping station. S8. Dismantling the suction pump: After the main tunnel section with water-rich reverse slope is excavated, the suction pump will be dismantled after grouting and water-stopping construction is carried out in the water-rich reverse slope main tunnel section.

[0006] Preferably, in S2, a fifth pumping station is set up in the non-water-rich section of the downhill service tunnel area, with one end of the fifth pumping station connected to the first pumping station and the other end connected to the second mobile pumping station; In step S4, the third pumping station is connected to the fifth pumping station; In S6, the fifth pumping station is dismantled simultaneously when the second pumping station is dismantled.

[0007] Preferably, the drainage pipe of the fifth pumping station passes through the corridor and connects to the first pumping station.

[0008] Preferably, the fifth pumping station is equipped with an emergency drainage pump, which is connected to the first pumping station.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the drainage pipe of the first pumping station passes through an inclined well and connects to the sedimentation tank.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, a first water-collecting pit is provided at the working face of the main tunnel, and a first mobile pumping station is connected to the first water-collecting pit; a second water-collecting pit is provided at the working face of the service tunnel, and a second mobile pumping station is connected to the second water-collecting pit.

[0011] Preferably, in S3, the subsea pump house is located at the junction of the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel and the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel, and the subsea pump house is equipped with a third water collection pit, and the second pump station is connected to the third water collection pit.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, the fourth pumping station is connected to the third sump.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the sedimentation tank includes a three-stage sedimentation tank.

[0014] Preferably, the sum of the maximum drainage capacity of the second pumping station and the maximum drainage capacity of the third pumping station is less than the maximum drainage capacity of the first pumping station.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides a long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels. A first pumping station, a second pumping station, a third pumping station, and a fourth pumping station are arranged in the submarine tunnel. During the excavation of the main tunnel along the slope in the non-water-rich section and the service tunnel along the slope in the non-water-rich section, the first pumping station, the first mobile pumping station, and the second mobile pumping station work together to pump out the water accumulated in the submarine tunnel. The water flows down the slope to the tunnel face, and pumping out the water at the tunnel face can effectively drain the water in the submarine tunnel.

[0016] 2. This invention provides a long-distance reverse slope drainage method for subsea tunnels. When the subsea tunnel is excavated to the reverse slope area of ​​a non-water-rich section, a subsea pumping station is located at the junction of the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel and the non-water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel. The subsea pumping station is situated at a lower elevation, causing water from the service tunnel to converge there. A second pumping station is set up at the subsea pumping station to pump water to a first pumping station. A third pumping station is set up at the junction of the non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel and the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel. Water from the main tunnel converges at the third pumping station, and the accumulated water is pumped from the third pumping station to the first pumping station. During the excavation of the non-water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel, water converges towards the subsea pumping station, eliminating the need for additional pumping equipment. Similarly, during the excavation of the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel, water converges towards the third pumping station, eliminating the need for additional pumping equipment. This optimized water drainage route ensures the progress of subsea tunnel construction.

[0017] 3. This invention provides a long-distance reverse slope drainage method for subsea tunnels. When the subsea tunnel is excavated to the water-rich reverse slope area, the service tunnel is excavated first. This is adapted to the large amount of water flowing out of the service tunnel area in the water-rich reverse slope section, with the water in the service tunnel converging towards the subsea pumping station. A fourth pumping station is set up in the subsea pumping station to drain water from a third pumping station with a smaller drainage volume, avoiding waste of the third pumping station's pumping capacity during the construction of the service tunnel. After grouting and water-stopping are completed in the water-rich reverse slope service tunnel area, the water output of the service tunnel decreases. By removing the second pumping station, the amount of water pumped out of the service tunnel is reduced. When the main tunnel is excavated to the water-rich reverse slope main tunnel area, a suction pump is installed at the tunnel face. The suction pump is connected to the first pumping station. Part of the water is pumped to the first pumping station for discharge, and part of the accumulated water flows into the third pumping station, from which it is pumped back to the first pumping station. After grouting and water-stopping are completed in the water-rich reverse slope main tunnel area, the water output of the main tunnel decreases. The suction pump is removed to reduce the pumping capacity of the main tunnel.

[0018] 4. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels of the present invention, through the reasonable arrangement of the first, second, third, and fourth pumping stations, ensures the drainage of accumulated water during the construction of submarine tunnels, avoids the installation of a large number of pumping stations inside the submarine tunnel, and reduces the consumption of manpower and material resources; it makes full use of the pumping capacity of the pumping stations in the submarine tunnel and avoids the waste of pumping capacity; it optimizes the layout of the pumping stations in the submarine tunnel, improves the construction efficiency of the submarine tunnel, saves construction costs, and has good economic and practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the submarine tunnel in the long-distance reverse slope drainage method of the submarine tunnel of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the service tunnel and the main tunnel of the long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to the present invention. Figure 3This is a schematic flowchart of the long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the drainage structure of the first pumping station for the long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage structure of the second pumping station in the long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to the present invention. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the drainage structure of the fourth pumping station for the long-distance reverse slope drainage method of the submarine tunnel of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage structure of the dragon suction pump used in the long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage structure of the removal of the suction pump in the long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to the present invention.

[0020] Marked in the image: 1-First pumping station, 2-Second pumping station, 3-Third pumping station, 4-Fourth pumping station, 5-Fifth pumping station, 6-First mobile pumping station, 6-First sump, 7-Second mobile pumping station, 7-Second sump, 8-Third sump, 9-Sedimentation tank, 10-Dragon suction pump 100 - Service Tunnel, 101 - Main Tunnel, 102 - Corridor, 103 - Water-rich Section, 104 - Submarine Pumping Station 201 - Main tunnel along the slope in non-water-rich section; 202 - Main tunnel against the slope in non-water-rich section; 203 - Main tunnel against the slope in water-rich section; 204 - Service tunnel along the slope in non-water-rich section; 205 - Service tunnel against the slope in non-water-rich section; 206 - Service tunnel against the slope in water-rich section. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer," etc., used in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention to indicate orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is usually placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, and for enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," "parallel," and "coaxial" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, parallel, or coaxial. Slight tilt or deviation is permissible, as long as it does not affect the normal function of the relevant component. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be perfectly horizontal; a slight tilt is acceptable. "Coaxial" means that two components are arranged as coaxially as possible, allowing them to move coaxially or approximately coaxially when their relative positions change. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when arranged in "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," "parallel," or "coaxial" directions, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. For example, the deviation in the "coaxial" direction is controlled within 0.2-1mm, preferably within 0.2-0.5mm. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0026] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to connection methods commonly used in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0027] Example 1 like Figures 1-8As shown, a long-distance reverse-slope drainage method for a submarine tunnel is described. The submarine tunnel includes a main tunnel 101, a service tunnel 100, and several corridors 102. The main tunnel 101 includes a non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel 201, a non-water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel 202, and a water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel 203, connected sequentially. The service tunnel 100 includes a non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel 204, a non-water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel 205, and a water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel 206, connected sequentially. The non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel 201 and the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel 204 are connected through corridors 102; the non-water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel 202 and the non-water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel 205 are connected through corridors 102; and the water-rich section reverse-slope main tunnel 203 and the water-rich section reverse-slope service tunnel 206 are connected through corridors 102. The specific steps include: S1. Drainage preparation: Settling tank 9 outside the submarine tunnel; The underwater tunnel has a large water outflow, and the discharged water mainly contains silt. The sedimentation tank 9 can settle the silt in the water to ensure that the water discharge meets the standards. The sedimentation tank 9 is a three-stage sedimentation tank. S2. Setting up the first pumping station 1: The first pumping station 1 is set up in the main tunnel 201 of the non-water-rich section, and the first pumping station 1 is connected to the sedimentation tank 9; In the area of ​​the main tunnel 201 of the non-water-rich section, the first mobile pumping station 6 is set up at the working face of the main tunnel 101, and the first mobile pumping station 6 is connected to the first pumping station 1; In the area of ​​the service tunnel 204 of the non-water-rich section, the second mobile pumping station 7 is set up at the working face of the service tunnel 100, and the second mobile pumping station 7 is connected to the first pumping station 1. The first mobile pumping station 6 can adjust its position as the main tunnel 101 face advances, thereby avoiding a large amount of water accumulation at the main tunnel 101 face from affecting construction; the second mobile pumping station 7 can move its position as the service tunnel 100 face advances, thereby avoiding a large amount of water accumulation at the service tunnel 100 face from affecting construction. S3. Setting up a second pumping station 2: When the service tunnel 100 is excavated to the non-water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel 205 area, a second pumping station 2 is set up in the submarine pumping station 104. The second pumping station 2 is connected to the first pumping station 1, and the second mobile pumping station 7 is dismantled. The subsea pump house 104 is located at the lowest point of the subsea tunnel. The water in the service tunnel 100 will converge at the subsea pump house 104 under the action of gravity, so that the water in the service tunnel 100 can be discharged through the second pump station 2. S4. Set up a third pumping station 3: When the main tunnel 101 is excavated to the area of ​​the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel 202, a third pumping station 3 is set up at the junction of the non-water-rich section down slope main tunnel 201 and the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel 202. The third pumping station 3 is connected to the first pumping station 1, and the first mobile pumping station 6 is dismantled. The third pumping station 3 is located at the lowest point of the main tunnel 101. The water in the main tunnel 101 flows to the third pumping station 3, which facilitates the drainage of the water from the main tunnel 101. S5. Set up the fourth pumping station 4: When the service tunnel 100 is excavated to the water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel 206 area, the fourth pumping station 4 is set up in the submarine pumping station 104. The fourth pumping station 4 is connected to the third pumping station 3. The Fushui section reverse slope service tunnel 206 was constructed before the Fushui section reverse slope main line tunnel 203. When the Fushui section reverse slope service tunnel 206 was being constructed, the drainage pressure of the main line tunnel 101 was low, while the water output of the Fushui section reverse slope service tunnel 206 was large. The drainage of the service tunnel 100 was assisted by the fourth pumping station 4. S6. Demolition of the second pumping station 2: After the excavation of the water-rich section of the reverse slope service tunnel 206 area of ​​the service tunnel 100 is completed, the second pumping station 2 will be demolished after grouting and water-stopping construction is carried out in the water-rich section of the reverse slope service tunnel 206 area. After the grouting and water-stopping construction was carried out in the 206 area of ​​the reverse slope service tunnel in the water-rich section, the water output of the service tunnel 100 was small. The second pump station 2 was removed to reduce the amount of water pumped out of the service tunnel 100. After the second pump station 2 was removed, the fourth pump station 4 was moved to the submarine pump house 104 for pumping and drainage operations. S7. Install a suction pump 10: When the main tunnel 101 is excavated to the water-rich section of the reverse slope main tunnel 203 area, a suction pump 10 is installed at the working face of the main tunnel 101. The suction pump 10 is connected to the first pumping station 1. During the construction of the main tunnel 203 on the reverse slope of the water-rich section, the water output of the main tunnel 101 was large. The water output at the working face of the main tunnel 101 was extracted by the dragon suction pump 10 to reduce the drainage pressure of the third pumping station 3 and ensure the normal construction of the main tunnel 101. S8. Dismantle the suction pump 10: After the excavation of the water-rich section of the main tunnel 203 area of ​​the reverse slope of the main tunnel 101 is completed, the suction pump 10 will be dismantled after the grouting and water-stopping construction is carried out in the water-rich section of the reverse slope of the main tunnel 203 area. After grouting and water-stopping construction was carried out in area 203 of the main tunnel on the reverse slope of the water-rich section, the water output of the main tunnel 101 decreased, and the removal of the suction pump 10 reduced the water pumping force of the main tunnel 101.

[0028] Pumping stations 1, 2, 3, and 4 are installed in the subsea tunnel. During the excavation of the main tunnel 201 (slope-downward) and the service tunnel 204 (slope-downward) in the non-water-rich section, the water accumulated in the subsea tunnel is pumped out by the combined action of pumping station 1, mobile pumping station 6, and mobile pumping station 7. The water flows downhill towards the tunnel face, and pumping out the water at the tunnel face effectively drains the water from the subsea tunnel. When the subsea tunnel reaches the reverse slope area of ​​the non-water-rich section, the subsea pumping station is located at the junction of the service tunnel 204 (slope-downward) and the service tunnel 205 (reverse slope). The subsea pumping station is located at a low elevation, and water from service tunnel 100 converges at the subsea pumping station. A second pumping station 2 is set up at the subsea pumping station, and the water is pumped to the first pumping station 1 from the second pumping station 2. A third pumping station 3 is set up at the junction of the non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel 201 and the non-water-rich section upslope main tunnel 202. Water from main tunnel 101 converges at the third pumping station 3, and the accumulated water is pumped from the third pumping station 3 to the first pumping station 1. When excavating the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel 205, water converges at the subsea pumping station, and no additional pumping equipment is required. When excavating the non-water-rich section upslope main tunnel 202, water flows to the third pumping station. 3. The system facilitates water collection without requiring additional pumping equipment, optimizing the drainage route and ensuring the progress of the subsea tunnel construction. When the subsea tunnel reaches the reverse slope area of ​​the water-rich section 103, the service tunnel 100 is excavated first. A large amount of water emerges from the service tunnel 206 area in the water-rich reverse slope section, and the water in service tunnel 100 converges towards the subsea pumping station. A fourth pumping station 4 is set up in the subsea pumping station to drain water from the third pumping station 3, which has a smaller drainage capacity, thus avoiding wasted pumping power from the third pumping station 3 during the construction of service tunnel 100. After grouting and water sealing are completed in the service tunnel 206 area of ​​the water-rich reverse slope section, the service tunnel 100... As the water volume decreases, the drainage volume of the service tunnel 100 is reduced by dismantling the second pumping station 2. When the main tunnel 101 is excavated to the water-rich section of the reverse slope main tunnel 203, a suction pump 10 is installed at the working face of the main tunnel 101. The suction pump 10 is connected to the first pumping station 1. Part of the water is pumped to the first pumping station 1 through the suction pump 10 and discharged. Part of the water flows into the third pumping station 3 and is pumped to the first pumping station 1 from the third pumping station 3. After the grouting and water-stopping operation of the water-rich section of the reverse slope main tunnel 203 is completed, the water output of the main tunnel 101 decreases. The suction pump 10 is then dismantled to reduce the drainage force of the main tunnel 101.

[0029] Specifically, the undersea tunnel will be constructed in the following order: First pump station 1 will be installed; service tunnel 204 on the non-water-rich section will be constructed; second pump station 2 will be installed; main tunnel 201 on the non-water-rich section will be constructed; third pump station 3 will be installed; service tunnel 205 on the non-water-rich section will be constructed; main tunnel 202 on the non-water-rich section will be constructed; fourth pump station 4 will be installed; service tunnel 206 on the water-rich section will be constructed; second pump station 2 will be dismantled; suction pump 10 will be installed; grouting and water-stopping construction will be carried out in service tunnel 206 on the water-rich section; suction pump 10 will be dismantled.

[0030] Specifically, the non-water-rich section downslope main line tunnel 201 is a tunnel formed by downslope construction of the main line tunnel in the non-water-rich section; the non-water-rich section upslope main line tunnel 202 is a tunnel formed by upslope construction of the main line tunnel in the water-rich section; and the water-rich section upslope main line tunnel 203 is a tunnel formed by upslope construction of the main line tunnel in the water-rich section.

[0031] Specifically, the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel 204 is a tunnel formed by downslope construction of the service tunnel in the non-water-rich section; the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel 205 is a tunnel formed by upslope construction of the service tunnel in the non-water-rich section; and the water-rich section upslope service tunnel 206 is a tunnel formed by upslope construction of the service tunnel in the water-rich section.

[0032] Specifically, slope-based construction involves the undersea tunnel being constructed at an angle downwards, while reverse-slope construction involves the tunnel being constructed at an angle upwards.

[0033] In one or more embodiments, in S2, a fifth pumping station 5 is provided in the area of ​​the non-water-rich section downhill service tunnel 204. One end of the fifth pumping station 5 is connected to the first pumping station 1 and the other end is connected to the second mobile pumping station 7. In S4, the third pumping station 3 is connected to the fifth pumping station 5; In S6, the fifth pumping station 5 will be dismantled simultaneously when the second pumping station 2 is dismantled.

[0034] The fifth pumping station 5 is used to transport the accumulated water pumped by the second mobile pumping station 7 or the second pumping station 2 to the first pumping station 1, thereby reducing the pumping pressure of the second mobile pumping station 7 or the second pumping station 2.

[0035] In an optional implementation, the drainage pipe of the fifth pumping station 5 passes through the corridor 102 and connects to the first pumping station 1, and the drainage pipe of the fifth pumping station 5 is laid out along the path with the shortest pipeline laying distance.

[0036] In an optional implementation, the fifth pumping station 5 is equipped with an emergency drainage pump, which is connected to the first pumping station 1. In order to prevent the water output of the service tunnel 100 from exceeding the drainage capacity of the fifth pumping station 5, the emergency drainage pump is set up to increase the drainage capacity.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, in S2, the drainage pipe of the first pumping station 1 passes through the inclined well and is connected to the sedimentation tank 9, which is located at the opening of the inclined well.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, in S2, a first water accumulation pit 61 is provided at the working face of the main tunnel 101, and a first mobile pumping station 6 is connected to the first water accumulation pit 61; a second water accumulation pit 71 is provided at the working face of the service tunnel 100, and a second mobile pumping station 7 is connected to the second water accumulation pit 71; water is collected through the first water accumulation pit 61 and the second water accumulation pit 71 respectively, which facilitates the pumping out of accumulated water.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, in S3, the subsea pump house 104 is located at the junction of the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel 204 and the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel 205. The subsea pump house 104 is equipped with a third water collection pit 8, and the second pump station 2 is connected to the third water collection pit 8. The junction of the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel 204 and the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel 205 is the lowest point of the service tunnel 100. Water gathers in the subsea pump house 104 and is collected through the third water collection pit 8, which facilitates the second pump station 2 to pump out the water.

[0040] In an optional implementation, in S5, the fourth pumping station 4 is connected to the third sump pit 8. When the water output of the service tunnel 100 increases, the fourth pumping station 4 is used to enhance the drainage capacity of the service tunnel 100.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the sum of the maximum drainage capacity of the second pumping station 2 and the maximum drainage capacity of the third pumping station 3 is less than the maximum drainage capacity of the first pumping station 1; this enables the first pumping station 1 to cope with sudden large-scale water outflow from the submarine tunnel; and ensures the safety of tunnel construction.

[0042] In a specific implementation, the longitudinal slope of the tunnel is a "V-shaped slope". The elevation difference between the inclined shaft and the lowest point of the tunnel is about 128m. The elevation difference between the inclined shaft and the first pump station 1 is about 88m. The elevation difference between the first pump station 1 and the lowest point of the tunnel in the direction of the main tunnel 101 is about 40m. The elevation difference between the first pump station 1 and the lowest point of the service passage in the direction of the main tunnel is about 40m.

[0043] The service tunnel 100 is constructed along the slope in the short-mileage direction. In the long-mileage direction, a second mobile pumping station 7 is set up approximately 50-100m behind the tunnel face. A second water collection pit 71 is temporarily set up at the tunnel face. The second mobile pumping station 7 pumps out the water collected in the second water collection pit 71. A temporary pumping station is set up inside the service tunnel 100. The pumping and drainage of the service tunnel 100 is organized in the following order: second water collection pit 71 → second mobile pumping station 7 → temporary pumping station → first pumping station 1 → sedimentation tank 9.

[0044] In the short-mileage direction, the main tunnel 101 is constructed along the slope, and its flowing water flows by gravity through a side ditch to the first pumping station 1 for pumping out of the tunnel. In the long-mileage direction, the first mobile pumping station 6 is set up about 50-100m behind the tunnel face, and the first water collection pit 61 is temporarily set up at the tunnel face. The first mobile pumping station 6 pumps out the water collected in the first water collection pit 61. The pumping and drainage of the main tunnel 101 is organized in the following order: first water collection pit 61 → first mobile pumping station 6 → first pumping station 1 → sedimentation tank 9.

[0045] After the excavation of the superstructure of the service tunnel 100 subsea pump house 104, a third water collection pit 8 is set at the lowest point of the subsea pump house 104. Seepage water from the working face and small mileage of the service tunnel 100 flows down the slope into the third water collection pit 8 by gravity. The third water collection pit 8 pumps out the gravity-flow water throughout the entire tunnel during the construction period. The pumping and drainage of the service tunnel 100 is organized in the following order: water collection pit → second pump station 2 → temporary pump station → first pump station 1 → sedimentation tank 9.

[0046] Pumping Station No. 1 mainly collects the water volume of the entire tunnel. The maximum elevation difference between pumping and drainage is 80m. One DN200mm drainage pipe and two DN250mm drainage pipes are installed from Pumping Station No. 1 to the entrance of the inclined shaft. Pump No. 1 is a DFSS150-4 / 2 type pump connected to the DN200mm drainage pipe. Pump No. 1 is a DFSS200-4N / 2 type B pump connected to the DN250mm drainage pipe. The maximum drainage capacity is (150+236+236)=622m³ / h=14928m³ / d.

[0047] The temporary pumping station collects the water volume from the inclined shaft and service tunnel 100 during the first phase of construction. The water is pumped from the fifth pumping station 5 to the first pumping station 1, with a pumping height difference of 10m. One DN200 pipe and one DN80 pipe are installed between the fifth pumping station 5 and the first pumping station 1. The pumps at the fifth pumping station 5 are model 100WQ80-45-22 and 80WQ50-50-15, with a maximum drainage capacity of 80*2+50=210m³ / h=5040m³ / d.

[0048] The second pumping station 2 collects 100 cubic meters of water from the inclined shaft and service tunnel. The drainage path is the third sump pit 8 → the second pumping station 2 → the temporary pumping station. The drainage elevation difference is about 30m. Two DN160mm drainage pipes are installed. The pump model of the second pumping station 2 is 100WQ80-45-22. The maximum drainage capacity is: 80*4=320m³ / h=7680 m³ / d.

[0049] The fifth pumping station (5) collects 100 cubic meters of water from the inclined shaft and service tunnel. The elevation difference between the fifth pumping station (5) and the first pumping station (1) is approximately 40 meters. One DN200 pipe and two DN160mm drainage pipes are installed between the fifth pumping station (5) and the first pumping station (1). The pump models are DFW125-315 / 2 / 90, DFSS150-6N / 2, and DFSS200-7 / 2C. The maximum daily drainage capacity of the third pumping station (3) is 160 + 145 + 240 = 545 m³ / h = 13080 m³ / d, which is greater than 3200 m³ / d. In emergency pumping, two backup pumps are activated, increasing the drainage capacity by 30%, resulting in a maximum drainage capacity of 545 * 1.3 = 708.5 m³ / h = 17004 m³ / d, which is greater than 12240 m³ / d = (3200 + 7000) * 1.2. The backup water pump model is 100WQ80-45-22.

[0050] When the main tunnel 101 is excavated to the non-water-rich section of the reverse slope main tunnel 202 area, the water flowing in the short mileage direction flows by gravity through the side ditch to the first pumping station 1 and is pumped out of the tunnel; the water flowing in the long mileage direction and at the tunnel face flows by gravity through the side ditch to the third pumping station 3. The pumping and drainage of the main tunnel 101 is organized in the order of the third pumping station 3 → the first pumping station 1 → the sedimentation tank 9.

[0051] When the service tunnel 100 is excavated to the non-water-rich section of the reverse slope service tunnel 205 area, a second pumping station 2 is set up in the service tunnel 100 subsea pumping station 104 to collect the water volume of the inclined shaft and the service tunnel 100; the service tunnel 100 is pumped and drained in the order of second pumping station 2 → first pumping station 1 → sedimentation tank 9.

[0052] When the service tunnel 100 is excavated to the water-rich section of the reverse slope service tunnel 206 area, the service tunnel 100 is pumped and drained through the fourth pump station 4 → the third pump station 3 → the first pump station 1 → sedimentation tank 9, and the second pump station 2 → the fifth pump station 5 → the first pump station 1 → sedimentation tank 9.

[0053] When the main tunnel 101 is excavated to the water-rich section of the reverse slope main tunnel 203 area, a suction pump 10 is installed to pump water from the main tunnel 101 through the third pump station 3 → the first pump station 1 → sedimentation tank 9 and the suction pump 10 → the first pump station 1 → sedimentation tank 9.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-distance reverse slope drainage method for undersea tunnels, characterized in that, The undersea tunnel comprises a main tunnel (101), service tunnels (100), and several corridors (102). The main tunnel (101) comprises a non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel (201), a non-water-rich section upslope main tunnel (202), and a water-rich section upslope main tunnel (203), which are connected in sequence. The service tunnel (100) comprises a non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel (204), a non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel (205), and a water-rich section upslope service tunnel (206), which are connected in sequence. The non-water-rich section downslope main tunnel (201) and the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel (204) are connected through corridors (102), the non-water-rich section upslope main tunnel (202) and the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel (205) are connected through corridors (102), and the water-rich section upslope main tunnel (203) and the water-rich section upslope service tunnel (206) are connected through corridors (102). The process includes the following steps: S1. Drainage preparation: Set up a sedimentation tank (9) outside the submarine tunnel; S2. Setting up a first pumping station (1): A first pumping station (1) is set up in the main tunnel (201) of the non-water-rich section along the slope. The first pumping station (1) is connected to the sedimentation tank (9). In the area of ​​the main tunnel (201) of the non-water-rich section along the slope, a first mobile pumping station (6) is set up at the working face of the main tunnel (101). The first mobile pumping station (6) is connected to the first pumping station (1). In the area of ​​the service tunnel (204) of the non-water-rich section along the slope, a second mobile pumping station (7) is set up at the working face of the service tunnel (100). The second mobile pumping station (7) is connected to the first pumping station (1). S3. Set up a second pumping station (2): When the service tunnel (100) is excavated to the area of ​​the non-water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel (205), a second pumping station (2) is set up in the submarine pumping station (104). The second pumping station (2) is connected to the first pumping station (1), and the second mobile pumping station (7) is dismantled. S4. Set up a third pumping station (3): When the main tunnel (101) is excavated to the area of ​​the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel (202), a third pumping station (3) is set up at the junction of the non-water-rich section down slope main tunnel (201) and the non-water-rich section reverse slope main tunnel (202). The third pumping station (3) is connected to the first pumping station (1), and the first mobile pumping station (6) is dismantled. S5. Set up a fourth pumping station (4): When the service tunnel (100) is excavated to the area of ​​the water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel (206), a fourth pumping station (4) is set up in the subsea pumping station (104), and the fourth pumping station (4) is connected to the third pumping station (3). S6. Demolition of the second pumping station (2): After the excavation of the water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel (206) area of ​​the service tunnel (100) is completed, the second pumping station (2) is demolished after grouting and water-stopping construction is carried out in the water-rich section reverse slope service tunnel (206) area. S7. Install a suction pump (10): When the main tunnel (101) is excavated to the area of ​​the main tunnel (203) with the reverse slope of the water-rich section, a suction pump (10) is installed at the working face of the main tunnel (101), and the suction pump (10) is connected to the first pumping station (1). S8. Dismantle the pump (10): After the excavation of the water-rich section of the main tunnel (203) is completed, the pump (10) is dismantled after grouting and water-stopping construction is carried out in the water-rich section of the main tunnel (203).

2. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S2, a fifth pumping station (5) is set up in the area of ​​the non-water-rich section downhill service tunnel (204). One end of the fifth pumping station (5) is connected to the first pumping station (1), and the other end is connected to the second mobile pumping station (7). In S4, the third pumping station (3) is connected to the fifth pumping station (5); In S6, the fifth pumping station (5) is dismantled simultaneously when the second pumping station (2) is dismantled.

3. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drainage pipe of the fifth pumping station (5) passes through the corridor (102) and connects to the first pumping station (1).

4. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fifth pumping station (5) is equipped with an emergency pumping pump, which is connected to the first pumping station (1).

5. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the drainage pipe of the first pump station (1) passes through the inclined well and is connected to the sedimentation tank (9).

6. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, a first water-collecting pit (61) is provided at the working face of the main tunnel (101), and a first mobile pumping station (6) is connected to the first water-collecting pit (61); a second water-collecting pit (71) is provided at the working face of the service tunnel (100), and a second mobile pumping station (7) is connected to the second water-collecting pit (71).

7. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the subsea pump house (104) is located at the junction of the non-water-rich section downslope service tunnel (204) and the non-water-rich section upslope service tunnel (205). The subsea pump house (104) is equipped with a third water collection pit (8), and the second pump station (2) is connected to the third water collection pit (8).

8. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S5, the fourth pumping station (4) is connected to the third sump (8).

9. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the sedimentation tank (9) includes a three-stage sedimentation tank.

10. The long-distance reverse slope drainage method for submarine tunnels according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The sum of the maximum drainage capacity of the second pumping station (2) and the maximum drainage capacity of the third pumping station (3) is less than the maximum drainage capacity of the first pumping station (1).

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