A new type of chain railway tunnel loosening ring drilling detection device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of loose circle detection, and particularly relates to a novel chain type railway tunnel loose circle drilling detection device, which comprises: an integrated probe for being placed in a drilling hole, a plurality of types of sensor units being integrated in the interior of the integrated probe, the sensor units being arranged in a chain structure along the axial direction of the probe; a synchronous counting module connected with the integrated probe, for providing a unified and accurate depth reference and a synchronization signal for the sensor units; a signal acquisition module connected with the integrated probe and the synchronous counting module, for converting collected analog signals into digital signals; and an upper computer module connected with the integrated probe, the synchronous counting module and the signal acquisition module, for controlling collection, storing data, real-time analyzing on-site data, and correcting the synchronous counting module. The present application improves the accuracy of loose circle spatial distribution interpretation work, and provides data support for tunnel excavation and support optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of loose ring detection technology, and in particular to a novel chain-type railway tunnel loose ring drilling detection device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railway construction, especially in areas with extremely complex geological structures such as the Sichuan-Tibet, Xinjiang-Tibet, and Yunnan-Tibet railway tunnel projects, the geological conditions faced by tunnel construction have become increasingly complex. Whether using the drill-and-blast method or the TBM (tunnel boring machine) method for excavation, the surrounding rock of the tunnel will develop a loosening zone of a certain thickness due to stress redistribution. The formation of the loosening zone not only significantly increases the burden on the tunnel support structure but also poses serious safety hazards to construction personnel and equipment. The extent of the loosening zone directly affects the long-term stability of the tunnel, the rationality of the support design, and the economic efficiency of construction. Accurately measuring the thickness of the loosening zone has significant theoretical and engineering application value for support scheme design, reducing maintenance costs, improving tunnel cross-section design and blasting technology, and guiding safe on-site construction.

[0003] Currently, various technologies are available for detecting the loosened zone of surrounding rock, such as ultrasonic testing, borehole imaging, and seismic wave detection. However, in practical applications in railway tunnel engineering, existing detection devices and methods still have several significant shortcomings: (1) Low efficiency of multiple testing equipment working together: Traditional loosening zone testing often requires multiple equipment to repeatedly test the same borehole, such as ultrasonic testing, optical imaging and seismic wave measurement. The operation procedures and installation requirements of different equipment conflict, resulting in complicated on-site procedures, long testing cycle and low construction efficiency, which is difficult to meet the needs of rapid tunnel excavation.

[0004] (2) The integration of multi-source sensors is difficult: In order to improve the detection accuracy and data comprehensiveness, it is necessary to integrate multiple types of sensors such as ultrasonic transducers, optical cameras, excitation sources and detectors. However, the various sensors differ significantly in terms of structural size, working mode and packaging conditions. The internal layout, signal isolation and mechanical packaging design of the integrated probe are difficult, which restricts the realization of synchronous acquisition of multi-source information.

[0005] (3) The depth synchronization error between devices affects the accuracy of data interpretation: When the same hole is detected by different devices, the difference in the counting device or depth positioning system used by each device leads to deviations in the depth coordinates of the collected data. This error will seriously affect the accuracy of multi-source data fusion analysis, bring uncertainty to the fine interpretation of the loosening zone range, and reduce the reliability of the detection results.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a borehole-type loosening ring detection device that can integrate multi-source sensing methods, achieve efficient synchronous detection, and have high depth consistency, in order to solve the problems of low integration, cumbersome operation, and difficulty in data fusion in the existing technology, and meet the needs of complex tunnel engineering for rapid and accurate assessment of the surrounding rock condition. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a novel chain-type railway tunnel loosening ring drilling detection device.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a loosening ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure, comprising: An integrated probe for insertion into boreholes, which integrates multiple types of sensor units. A synchronization counting module, connected to the integrated probe, is used to provide a unified depth reference and synchronization signal for the sensor unit; The signal acquisition module, connected to the integrated probe and the synchronous counting module, is used to convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals; The host computer module is connected to the integrated probe, synchronous counting module, and signal acquisition module. It is used to control the acquisition and storage of data, perform real-time analysis of on-site data, and calibrate the synchronous counting module.

[0009] Preferably, the sensor unit of the integrated probe includes: A panoramic camera is used to acquire 360° panoramic video images of the inside of the borehole. An ultrasonic excitation transducer is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibration and to directionally emit ultrasonic pulses into the rock mass surrounding the borehole. An ultrasonic receiver head is used to capture ultrasonic signals returning from the rock mass surrounding the borehole and convert the ultrasonic signals into electrical signals. Electromagnetic excitation sources are used to provide artificial seismic sources for seismic sensors, generating seismic waves that propagate in the rock mass surrounding the borehole. Seismic sensors are used to monitor and record seismic waves that are excited by the electromagnetic excitation source and propagate back through the rock mass surrounding the borehole. The panoramic camera, ultrasonic excitation transducer, ultrasonic receiver, electromagnetic excitation source, and seismic sensor are connected by the same detachable filter rod.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor units are arranged in a chain structure along the axis of the integrated probe, and the integrated probe is sealed with potting compound.

[0011] Preferably, the synchronization counting module includes: Motor drive circuit, used for power amplification and execution control; Angle encoder circuit for real-time position and speed feedback; A commutator is used to control the direction of current and to switch the magnetic field in an orderly manner. A stepper motor speed controller circuit is used to control the motor speed and step size.

[0012] Preferably, the signal acquisition module includes: Signal acquisition and driving circuit, used for timing control and synchronous acquisition; The multi-channel weak signal detection circuit is responsible for amplifying, filtering and converting the weak analog signals from each sensor unit into digital signals, and automatically switching between the channels of each sensor unit and the synchronous counting module. The memory is used to store the digital data converted by the multi-channel weak signal detection circuit; The communication module is responsible for uploading data from the memory to the host computer module and receiving control commands from the host computer module.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting loose rings in a multi-source chain sensor structure, applicable to the aforementioned device for detecting loose rings in a multi-source chain sensor structure, comprising the following steps: S1: Drill a test hole in the area of ​​the rock mass to be tested, and insert the integrated probe into the borehole; S2: Send a synchronization signal to activate the sensor on the integrated probe and measure various types of data along the borehole axis; S3: Synchronously acquire the analog signal output by the sensor and convert the analog signal into a digital signal; S4: Perform multi-source data fusion processing on the digital signal to generate and visualize the multi-source data fusion result.

[0014] Preferably, the synchronization signal provides a unified depth reference for the sensor, which is obtained by synchronously measuring a precise rotation angle associated with the probe displacement using a unified electronic pulse clock.

[0015] Furthermore, the feature is that, based on the unified depth reference provided by the synchronization signal, the various types of measured data are aligned on the borehole depth axis.

[0016] Preferably, the sensor measures multiple types of data, including image signals, ultrasonic signals, and seismic wave signals.

[0017] Preferably, the multi-source data fusion results include borehole geometry and surface macroscopic cracks, radial loosening zone range, and circumferential crack distribution and development degree.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a novel chain-type borehole detection device for loosened zones in railway tunnels, solving the problems of low efficiency, conflicting construction processes, and high on-site implementation difficulties associated with traditional methods when multiple detection devices operate in the same borehole. The device incorporates a unified synchronous counting module, improving the accuracy of interpreting the spatial distribution of loosened zones. Furthermore, it integrates three-dimensional digital borehole imaging, ultrasonic and seismic wave detection technologies, enabling accurate acquisition of the range of loosened zones caused by tunnel excavation and stress adjustment. This provides reliable data support for the design of tunnel excavation and support schemes. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a loose ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure as shown in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a component diagram of a loose ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the integrated probe in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the synchronous counting module in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the ADC high-speed acquisition front-end in Example 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the on-site drilling video recording in Example 2; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional digital drilling processing results in Example 2; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic waveform in Example 2; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic wave waveform in Example 2; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-source data fusion result in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer," etc., used in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention to indicate orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is usually placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, and for enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," "parallel," and "coaxial" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, parallel, or coaxial. Slight tilt or deviation is permissible, as long as it does not affect the normal function of the relevant component. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be perfectly horizontal; a slight tilt is acceptable. "Coaxial" means that two components are arranged as coaxially as possible, allowing them to move coaxially or approximately coaxially when their relative positions change. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when arranged in "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," "parallel," or "coaxial" directions, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. For example, the deviation in the "coaxial" direction is controlled within 0.2-1mm, preferably within 0.2-0.5mm. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention.

[0023] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0024] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to connection methods commonly used in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0026] Example 1 This invention provides a loose ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure. The core of the device consists of an integrated probe, a synchronous counting module, and a signal acquisition module. Its overall structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, some of its device components are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes: An integrated probe for insertion into boreholes, which integrates multiple types of sensor units. A synchronization counting module, connected to the integrated probe, is used to provide a unified depth reference and synchronization signal for the sensor unit; The signal acquisition module, connected to the integrated probe and the synchronous counting module, is used to convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals; The host computer module is connected to the integrated probe, synchronous counting module, and signal acquisition module. It is used to control the acquisition and storage of data, perform real-time analysis of on-site data, and calibrate the synchronous counting module.

[0027] The synchronous counting module, signal acquisition module, and host computer module together form a data acquisition host computer. The integrated probe is connected to the data acquisition host computer using an armored 10-core copper core communication cable for sensor power supply and acquisition signal communication.

[0028] The integrated probe structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the sensor unit includes: A panoramic camera is used to acquire 360° panoramic video images of the inside of the borehole. An ultrasonic excitation transducer is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibration and to directionally emit ultrasonic pulses into the rock mass surrounding the borehole. An ultrasonic receiver head is used to capture ultrasonic signals returning from the rock mass surrounding the borehole and convert the ultrasonic signals into electrical signals. Electromagnetic excitation sources are used to provide artificial seismic sources for seismic sensors, generating seismic waves that propagate in the rock mass surrounding the borehole. Seismic sensors are used to monitor and record seismic waves that are excited by the electromagnetic excitation source and propagate back through the rock mass surrounding the borehole. The panoramic camera, ultrasonic excitation transducer, ultrasonic receiver, electromagnetic excitation source, and seismic sensor are connected by the same detachable filter rod.

[0029] The sensor units are arranged in a chain structure along the axis of the integrated probe, and the integrated probe is sealed with potting compound.

[0030] Traditional loosening zone detection probes use ultrasonic transducers with one transmitter and two receivers or one transmitter and one receiver, which can only detect the approximate range of the loosening zone. The chain probe developed in this invention uses an ultrasonic excitation transducer, an electromagnetic excitation source, and a downhole video sensor. It can not only detect the radial loosening zone, but also detect the circumferential distribution of borehole wall fractures. Combined with the downhole imaging results, it can complete the accurate geological description and regional calibration of the loosening zone.

[0031] The circuit diagram of the synchronous counting module is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes a motor drive circuit (chip model MSP430F2730), a high-precision angle encoder circuit, and a commutator and stepper speed controller circuit. Motor drive circuit, used for power amplification and execution control; Angle encoder circuit for real-time position and speed feedback; A commutator is used to control the direction of current and to switch the magnetic field in an orderly manner. A stepper motor speed controller circuit is used to control the motor speed and step size.

[0032] The synchronous counting module uses an encoder to record the effective rotation angle. It can record the angle encoder difference at a pulse interval of 0.25ms and calculate the forward or backward length value based on the wheel axle radius, maintaining the measurement accuracy at the millimeter level.

[0033] The signal acquisition module includes: Signal acquisition and driving circuit, used for timing control and synchronous acquisition; The multi-channel weak signal detection circuit is responsible for amplifying, filtering and converting the weak analog signals from each sensor unit into digital signals, and automatically switching between the channels of each sensor unit and the synchronous counting module. The memory is used to store the digital data converted by the multi-channel weak signal detection circuit; The communication module is responsible for uploading data from the memory to the host computer module and receiving control commands from the host computer module.

[0034] The core of the signal acquisition module lies in its ability to rapidly convert multi-source signals from analog to digital, while simultaneously transferring them to a large-capacity memory for subsequent signal processing. The device employs a signal acquisition driver circuit (MSP430F2730 chip) as its core for acquisition and processing. A multi-channel weak signal detection circuit can automatically switch between video, ultrasonic, seismic, and counter channels via program code. It boasts a 24-bit recording accuracy, a signal sampling interval of 0.25 to 1000 ms, and internal NAND Flash storage up to 2 GB. The system supports high-speed communication via UART and wireless WIFI modules.

[0035] The multi-channel weak signal detection circuit's ADC high-speed acquisition front-end circuit uses the domestically produced ADC (analog-to-digital converter) chipset, Linghui Lixin LHA9954. Its circuit consists of an ADC chip driver circuit, an input protection circuit, an external reference voltage circuit, and a storage buffer circuit (e.g., ...). Figure 5 As shown in the figure, while ensuring high-precision timing, the sampling bit depth is stable at 24 bits and the sampling interval is 0.25ms.

[0036] Example 2 Based on the same inventive concept, this invention provides a method for detecting loose rings in drilling using a multi-source chain sensor structure, comprising the following steps: S1: Drill a test hole in the area of ​​the rock mass to be tested, and insert the integrated probe into the borehole; S2: Send a synchronization signal to activate the sensor on the integrated probe and measure various types of data along the borehole axis; S3: Synchronously acquire the analog signal output by the sensor and convert the analog signal into a digital signal; S4: Perform multi-source data fusion processing on the digital signal to generate and visualize the multi-source data fusion result.

[0037] The synchronization signal provides a unified depth reference for the sensor, which is obtained by synchronously measuring a precise rotation angle associated with the probe displacement using a unified electronic pulse clock.

[0038] Based on the unified depth reference provided by the synchronization signal, the various types of measured data are aligned on the borehole depth axis.

[0039] The sensor measures various types of data, including image signals (such as...). Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown), ultrasonic signals (such as) Figure 8 (as shown) and seismic wave signals (such as) Figure 9 (As shown).

[0040] The multi-source data fusion results (such as...) Figure 10 (As shown) This includes the borehole geometry and surface macroscopic fractures, the extent of radial loosening zones, and the distribution and development of circumferential fractures. The ultrasonic velocity curve corresponds to the video borehole imaging results, which can reflect the distribution of the stratigraphic microstructure involved in the current borehole section, as well as the lithological changes caused by changes in acoustic velocity, providing reliable technical support for geological surveys in this area.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loose ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure, characterized in that, include: An integrated probe for insertion into boreholes, which integrates multiple types of sensor units. The sensor unit of the integrated probe includes: a panoramic camera for acquiring 360° panoramic video images of the borehole interior; an ultrasonic excitation transducer for converting electrical energy into mechanical vibration and directionally emitting ultrasonic pulses towards the surrounding rock mass; an ultrasonic receiver for capturing ultrasonic signals returning from the surrounding rock mass and converting the ultrasonic signals into electrical signals; an electromagnetic excitation source for providing an artificial seismic source to the seismic sensor, generating seismic waves propagating in the surrounding rock mass; and a seismic sensor for monitoring and recording the seismic waves excited by the electromagnetic excitation source and returning after propagating in the surrounding rock mass. The panoramic camera, ultrasonic excitation transducer, ultrasonic receiver, electromagnetic excitation source, and seismic sensor are connected by the same detachable filter rod. A synchronous counting module, connected to the integrated probe, is used to provide a unified depth reference and synchronization signal for the sensor unit; the synchronous counting module includes: a motor drive circuit for power amplification and execution control; an angle encoder circuit for real-time position and speed feedback; a commutator for controlling the current direction and orderly switching of the magnetic field; and a stepper speed controller circuit for controlling the motor speed and step size. The signal acquisition module, connected to the integrated probe and the synchronous counting module, is used to convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals; The host computer module is connected to the integrated probe, synchronous counting module, and signal acquisition module. It is used to control the acquisition and storage of data, perform real-time analysis of on-site data, and calibrate the synchronous counting module.

2. The loose ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor units are arranged in a chain structure along the axis of the integrated probe, and the integrated probe is sealed with potting compound.

3. The loose ring drilling detection device with a multi-source chain sensor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition module includes: Signal acquisition and driving circuit, used for timing control and synchronous acquisition; The multi-channel weak signal detection circuit is responsible for amplifying, filtering and converting the weak analog signals from each sensor unit into digital signals, and automatically switching between the channels of each sensor unit and the synchronous counting module. The memory is used to store the digital data converted by the multi-channel weak signal detection circuit; The communication module is responsible for uploading data from the memory to the host computer module and receiving control commands from the host computer module.

4. A method for detecting loose rings through drilling using a multi-source chain sensor structure, characterized in that, A loose ring drilling detection device applicable to the multi-source chain sensor structure described in any one of claims 1-3 includes the following steps: S1: Drill a test hole in the area of ​​the rock mass to be tested, and insert the integrated probe into the borehole; S2: Send a synchronization signal to activate the sensor on the integrated probe and measure various types of data along the borehole axis; S3: Synchronously acquire the analog signal output by the sensor and convert the analog signal into a digital signal; S4: Perform multi-source data fusion processing on the digital signal to generate and visualize the multi-source data fusion result.

5. The method for detecting loose rings in a multi-source chain sensor structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The synchronization signal provides a unified depth reference for the sensor, which is obtained by synchronously measuring a precise rotation angle associated with the probe displacement using a unified electronic pulse clock.

6. The method for detecting loose rings in a multi-source chain sensor structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the unified depth reference provided by the synchronization signal, the various types of measured data are aligned on the borehole depth axis.

7. The method for detecting loose rings in a multi-source chain sensor structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sensor measures various types of data, including image signals, ultrasonic signals, and seismic wave signals.

8. The method for detecting loose rings in a multi-source chain sensor structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The results of the multi-source data fusion include borehole geometry and surface macroscopic cracks, the range of radial loosening zones, and the distribution and development degree of circumferential cracks.

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