A slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines

Abstract

This invention discloses a slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines, belonging to the technical field of laser cutting machine technology. The device includes a bed frame, a cutting worktable, and a suction mechanism. The front end of the suction mechanism is equipped with a cooling component, including a cooling ring with a spiral guide groove and an annular water cavity, and an air-cooling pipe inserted therein, used for dual pre-cooling of the inhaled high-temperature slag and flue gas through water and air cooling. The middle section of the suction mechanism is equipped with a filter cartridge assembly, including a rotatable filter cartridge and an outer annular blower. The outlet of the air-cooling pipe is connected to the blower, providing warm airflow for backflushing and cleaning the filter cartridge. The device also includes a moving component that drives the cooling component and the suction mechanism to move synchronously with the laser cutting head, achieving dynamic source capture. This invention achieves effective cooling of high-temperature slag, efficient separation and self-cleaning of sticky particles, and dynamic and efficient capture of pollutants, with advantages such as high purification efficiency, low energy consumption, long filter cartridge life, and high degree of automation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting machine technology, specifically to a slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting technology is widely used in the processing of both metallic and non-metallic materials due to its high precision and efficiency. During the cutting process, a laser beam is focused on the material surface, generating extremely high temperatures that cause the material to melt, vaporize, or burn instantly, thus forming a kerf. Inevitably, this process also produces a large amount of high-temperature molten slag and harmful fumes. If these slag and fumes are emitted directly without treatment, they will not only pollute the working environment and endanger the health of operators, but may also affect the cutting quality and the lifespan of the equipment.

[0003] Traditional dust collection methods often employ fixed dust collection hoods combined with high-powered fans and primary filters. This approach results in uneven suction efficiency and a tendency for smoke to escape at the cutting point. Filter cartridges or bags are easily clogged or burned through by high-temperature molten slag, leading to a rapid decline in filtration efficiency and requiring frequent shutdowns for replacement or cleaning, severely impacting production continuity. Existing equipment often focuses only on the single stage of suction or filtration, lacking pre-cooling of the high-temperature gas-solid mixture. Furthermore, filter cartridges used for separating flue gas are easily clogged by sucked-in molten slag, especially when cutting materials such as stainless steel and coated aluminum alloys. The resulting molten slag particles are sticky or oily, easily adhering to and clogging filter elements (such as filter cartridges and bags). This not only causes a sharp increase in system resistance and fan energy consumption but also significantly shortens the filter media replacement cycle, increasing maintenance costs and downtime. For sticky particles already attached to the filter media, traditional mechanical cleaning methods such as backflushing are ineffective, failing to completely remove them, leading to a continuous decline in filter media performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the background art and provide a laser cutting machine slag and flue gas treatment device that effectively pre-cools, efficiently separates viscous slag, and self-cleans the filter cartridge.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solution: providing a slag and flue gas treatment device for a laser cutting machine, including a laser cutting machine bed frame and a cutting worktable disposed on the bed frame, a suction mechanism is provided below the cutting worktable, the tail end of the suction mechanism is provided with a centrifugal fan to suction the slag and flue gas generated during laser cutting, and the front end of the suction mechanism is provided with a cooling component to pre-cool the newly sucked high-temperature slag and flue gas;

[0006] The cooling assembly includes a cooling ring with a spiral guide groove inside. The top of the cooling ring has an annular air intake that communicates with the spiral guide groove. The outer side of the spiral guide groove has an annular water cavity for cooling the molten slag and flue gas passing through the spiral guide groove. An air-cooling pipe is inserted in the middle of the cooling ring.

[0007] The middle section of the suction mechanism is provided with a filter cartridge assembly, which includes an outer cylinder and a filter cartridge rotatably disposed inside the outer cylinder. The filter cartridge separates the sucked slag and flue gas. A blower is also provided between the outer cylinder and the filter cartridge to clean the filter cartridge.

[0008] Furthermore, the cooling ring has an annular first surface near the cutting workbench, and a slit-shaped, annular air intake is provided on the center side of the first surface. A suction bucket is installed on the top of the cooling ring. The pitch of the spiral guide groove gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, and the outlet of the spiral guide groove is connected to the filter cartridge through a high-temperature resistant hose.

[0009] Furthermore, the air-cooling pipe is inserted into the core of the cooling ring, and a spiral air duct is formed inside the air-cooling pipe. The air inlet and air outlet of the spiral air duct are both located at the bottom of the air-cooling pipe. The air inlet is connected to an external air pump through a hose. The air outlet is connected to the blower through a hose. The airflow in the air-cooling pipe is blown onto the filter cartridge through the blower to clean it.

[0010] Furthermore, the filter cartridge assembly also includes a top plate covering the top of the outer cylinder, the top plate having a slag conveying channel communicating with the filter cartridge, the filter cartridge including a cylinder body with filter holes evenly distributed on the cylinder body, a retaining ring connected to the top of the cylinder body, the retaining ring being rotatably secured to the top plate of the outer cylinder, a gear ring connected to the top of the retaining ring, a first electric valve installed at the bottom of the cylinder body; a settling groove is formed at the bottom of the top plate, a drive motor is installed in the settling groove, a drive gear is connected to the output end of the drive motor, the drive gear meshing with the gear ring; a second electric valve is installed at the bottom of the outer cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the blower is an annular cylindrical shape with a bottom diameter larger than the top diameter. An air cavity is provided inside the blower, and several rows of air nozzles are arranged at intervals from top to bottom on the inner ring wall of the blower. The air nozzles are connected to the air cavity, and all the air nozzles are inclined downwards.

[0012] Furthermore, the filter cartridge is made of metal and has a PTFE coating on its surface.

[0013] Furthermore, an annular water cavity is formed on the cooling ring outside the spiral guide groove, and two water circuit connectors communicating with the annular water cavity are installed on the cooling ring. The two water circuit connectors are respectively connected to an external circulating water chiller through hoses.

[0014] Furthermore, a laser cutting head is provided above the cutting worktable, and a moving component is installed inside the bed frame below the cutting worktable. The moving component drives the suction mechanism to move and suction following the laser cutting head. The moving component includes two first motors respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the bed frame. The output ends of the first motors are respectively connected to first screws, and the other ends of the first screws are rotatably installed on the bed frame. A slag collection box is provided between the two first screws. Connecting ears are provided on both sides of the slag collection box, and connecting screw holes that mate with the first screws are opened on the connecting ears. Mounting blocks are fixedly connected to the top two ends of the slag collection box. A second motor is installed on the side of the mounting blocks. A second screw is rotatably installed between the two mounting blocks. The output end of the second motor is connected to the second screw. A moving plate is installed on the second screw through a threaded connection. A guide rod is provided between the two mounting blocks on one side of the second screw, and the guide rod passes through the moving plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling assembly is disposed on the top surface of the movable plate, the filter cartridge assembly is disposed on the slag collection box, and the outer cylinder extends into the slag collection box; the centrifugal fan is installed on the outer side of the slag collection box, and the air inlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to the outer cylinder through a connecting pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, a Y-type filter is connected and installed at the air outlet of the centrifugal fan, and an activated carbon filter screen for adsorbing oil mist and some odors is provided at the exhaust port of the Y-type filter.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. Through the spiral guide groove inside the cooling ring and the annular water cavity on the outside, the high-temperature gas-solid mixture can fully exchange heat with the water-cooled wall during the spiral downward process, thus achieving forced water cooling. The air-cooled pipe inserted in the center of the cooling ring uses the ambient temperature air flowing inside to indirectly exchange heat with the high-temperature medium in the spiral guide groove, forming a "gas-liquid" dual cooling mechanism, which can quickly reduce the temperature of molten slag and flue gas, and protect the subsequent pipelines and filter media.

[0019] 2. The filter cartridge rotates continuously under drive, and the resulting centrifugal force helps to evenly distribute slag particles, preventing rapid local clogging of the filter pores and weakening the adhesion between particles and the filter cartridge wall. The preheated airflow from the air-cooling pipe is cleverly guided into the blower to form a warm backflushing airflow. Simultaneously, the filter cartridge surface is coated with a PTFE (Teflon) film. The warm airflow reduces the viscosity of sticky particles, and the PTFE coating provides a smooth, non-stick surface. Together, they effectively remove sticky and oily particles adhering to the filter cartridge, effectively solving the problems of filter cartridge caking and clogging, extending the filter cartridge's service life, and maintaining low differential pressure operation of the system.

[0020] 3. The system integrates functional modules such as cooling, filtration, cleaning, and collection, and uses electric valves and drive motors to achieve automatic discharge of filter residue and automatic cleaning and rotation of the filter cartridge, reducing manual intervention and improving the continuity and reliability of equipment operation. Through the set moving components, the suction port of the suction mechanism can follow the laser cutting head synchronously in a two-dimensional plane in real time and with precision, ensuring that the negative pressure suction point is always located directly below the cutting heat source, which greatly improves the collection efficiency of molten slag and flue gas. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the suction mechanism in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the cooling component in this invention and a flow diagram of the molten slag flue gas.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral air duct inside the air-cooled pipe in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the filter cartridge assembly in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge and blower in this invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the suction mechanism and the moving component mounted on the bed frame in this invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the suction mechanism and the moving component in this invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the suction mechanism and the slag collection box in this invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the laser cutting machine in this invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1-Bed frame, 2-Cutting workbench, 3-Centrifugal fan, 4-Cooling assembly, 5-Air-cooled pipe, 6-Filter cartridge assembly, 7-Blower, 8-Laser cutting head, 9-Moving assembly, 10-Slag collection box, 11-Moving plate, 12-Y-type filter; 41-Cooling ring, 42-Spiral guide channel, 43-Air intake, 44-Annular water cavity, 45-Suction bucket, 441-Water connector, 51-Spiral air duct, 511-Air inlet, 512-Air outlet;

[0031] 61-Outer cylinder, 62-Filter cylinder, 63-Top plate, 64-Drive motor, 65-Drive gear, 611-Second electric valve, 621-Cylinder body, 622-Snap ring, 623-Gear ring, 624-First electric valve;

[0032] 71-Air cavity, 72-Air nozzle, 91-First motor, 92-First screw, 93-Second motor, 94-Second screw, 95-Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Combination Figures 1 to 9 The device for treating slag and fumes for a laser cutting machine shown includes a laser cutting machine bed frame 1 and a cutting worktable 2 set on the bed frame 1. A suction mechanism is provided below the cutting worktable 2. The tail end of the suction mechanism is equipped with a centrifugal fan 3 to suck up the slag and fumes generated during laser cutting. The front end of the suction mechanism is equipped with a cooling component 4 to pre-cool the newly sucked high-temperature slag and fumes.

[0037] The cooling assembly 4 includes a cooling ring 41, a spiral guide groove 42 is provided inside the cooling ring 41, an annular air intake 43 communicating with the spiral guide groove 42 is provided at the top of the cooling ring 41, an annular water cavity 44 is provided on the outside of the spiral guide groove 42 to cool the molten slag and flue gas passing through the spiral guide groove 42, and an air-cooling pipe 5 is inserted in the middle part of the cooling ring 41.

[0038] A filter cartridge assembly 6 is provided in the middle section of the suction mechanism. The filter cartridge assembly 6 includes an outer cylinder 61 and a filter cartridge 62 rotatably disposed inside the outer cylinder 61. The filter cartridge 62 separates the sucked slag and flue gas. A blower 7 is also provided between the outer cylinder 61 and the filter cartridge 62 to clean the filter cartridge 62.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the bed frame 1 is a welded steel frame, with a horizontally mounted cutting worktable 2 on top. Multiple toothed plates are arranged on the cutting worktable 2, and the workpiece to be cut is placed on the toothed plates. The bed frame 1 is equipped with a movable seat and a movable beam, and the laser cutting head 8 is mounted on the movable beam to move and cut the workpiece. A suction mechanism is located below the cutting worktable 2 and is driven by a centrifugal fan 3 to achieve the suction, cooling, separation, cleaning, and collection of the high-temperature slag and fumes generated during the cutting process.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the cooling ring 41 has an annular first surface near the cutting table 2. A slit-shaped, annular air intake 43 is provided near the center of the first surface. A suction bucket 45 is installed on the top of the cooling ring 41. The pitch of the spiral guide groove 42 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the outlet of the spiral guide groove 42 is connected to the filter cartridge 62 via a high-temperature resistant hose. The suction bucket 45 has a funnel-shaped or cone-shaped structure, increasing the effective suction range and ensuring that molten slag and rising fumes splashing from different directions at the cutting point can be effectively "captured" and guided to the air intake 43 within a larger space, reducing the dispersion caused by dead zones in the suction.

[0041] In this embodiment, the pitch of the spiral guide groove 42 gradually decreases from top to bottom, forming a gradually converging flow channel. Driven by the centrifugal fan 3, the airflow forms a high-speed vortex within the spiral guide groove 42, and accelerates continuously as the pitch decreases. This gradually decreasing pitch design not only extends the cooling path and time of the gas-solid mixture, but more importantly, significantly enhances the local negative pressure and suction force at the annular intake port 43, ensuring that the molten slag and flue gas generated during cutting can be efficiently captured. The top of the air-cooling pipe 5 can be configured as a conical head to facilitate the molten slag falling into the intake port 43.

[0042] Furthermore, an annular water cavity 44 is formed on the cooling ring 41 outside the spiral guide channel 42. Two water connectors 441, communicating with the annular water cavity 44, are installed on the cooling ring 41. The two water connectors 441 are connected to an external circulating water chiller via flexible hoses to achieve continuous water cooling. The high-speed flowing gas-solid mixture undergoes thorough heat exchange with the annular water cavity 44 during its spiral descent within the spiral guide channel 42, achieving preliminary forced water cooling. Moreover, as... Figure 1-2 As shown, a cooling pipe 5 is inserted into the core of the cooling ring 41. A spiral air duct 51 is opened inside the cooling pipe 5. The air inlet 511 and the air outlet 512 of the spiral air duct 51 are both located at the bottom of the cooling pipe 5. The air inlet 511 is connected to an external air pump through a flexible hose.

[0043] Specifically, the air-cooled pipe 5, as a metal tube directly inserted into the high-temperature region, has its wall indirectly in thermal contact with the high-temperature molten slag and flue gas rotating and descending at high speed within the spiral guide channel 42. Part of the heat from the molten slag and flue gas is transferred to the wall of the air-cooled pipe 5 through heat conduction, while the continuously flowing ambient air (as the cooling medium) from the outside carries away this heat through forced convection. This process acts like a built-in "air heat exchanger," assisting in cooling the gas-solid mixture passing through the spiral guide channel 42, achieving dual forced cooling of "gas-liquid."

[0044] In this embodiment, after cooling the newly inhaled high-temperature molten slag and flue gas, the next step is to separate the molten slag and flue gas using the filter cartridge assembly 6:

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the filter cartridge assembly 6 also includes a top plate 63 covering the top of the outer cylinder 61. The top plate 63 has a slag conveying channel communicating with the filter cartridge 62. The filter cartridge 62 includes a cylinder body 621 with filter holes evenly distributed on it. A retaining ring 622 is connected to the top of the cylinder body 621. The retaining ring 622 is rotatably locked onto the top plate of the outer cylinder 61. A gear ring 623 is connected to the top of the retaining ring 622. A first electric valve 624 is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body 621. A settling groove is opened at the bottom of the top plate 63. A drive motor 64 is installed in the settling groove. A drive gear 65 is connected to the output end of the drive motor 64. The drive gear 65 meshes with the gear ring 623. A second electric valve 611 is installed at the bottom of the outer cylinder 61.

[0046] Specifically, the gas-solid mixture, after initial cooling by the cooling component 4, is transported to the top of the filter cartridge assembly 6 via a high-temperature resistant hose and enters the rotating filter cartridge 62 through the slag conveying channel on the top plate 63. The rotating filter cartridge 62 is driven by the drive motor 64 through the drive gear 65 and the gear ring 623. The centrifugal force generated by its rotation acts as a rotational force, directly counteracting the adhesion force of the molten slag and preventing excessive molten slag from adhering to the inner wall of the filter cartridge 62 (because the filter cartridge wall is rotating, and the molten slag particles have a tendency to move relative to the wall under the action of airflow, a continuous tangential relative motion or tendency is generated between the two. This shear force will directly destroy or weaken the initial physical bond formed between the particles and the cartridge wall, making it difficult for the particles to settle firmly). On the other hand, it achieves a uniform distribution of the molten slag filter cake layer, preventing local blockage and flow deviation. That is, the resistance is extremely high where the molten slag is thick, while "airflow short circuit" is formed in thin or uncovered areas. Furthermore, the dynamically rotating filter cartridge 62 provides conditions for its subsequent cleaning and the removal of molten slag inside.

[0047] Furthermore, under negative pressure, the flue gas flow permeates from the inside of the filter cartridge 62 to the outside. The body 621 of the filter cartridge is made of metal and has uniformly distributed filter holes. When the airflow passes through, slag particles larger than the filter hole diameter and most particulate matter are directly trapped inside the filter cartridge 62. After solid-gas separation, the flue gas enters the outer cylinder 61 and is then extracted by the centrifugal fan 3. Slag accumulates inside the filter cartridge 62. A first electric valve 624 is installed at the bottom of the filter cartridge 62, which will periodically open to discharge the collected solid slag into the outer cylinder 61. A second electric valve 611 is also installed at the bottom of the outer cylinder 61.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, to further filter the separated flue gas, a Y-type filter 12 is connected and installed at the outlet of the centrifugal fan 3. This is existing technology and its structure will not be described in detail here. An activated carbon filter screen for adsorbing oil mist and some odors is installed at the exhaust port of the Y-type filter 12. During use, the gas pressurized and discharged by the centrifugal fan 3 enters the inlet of the Y-type filter 12. The Y-shaped structure smoothly divides the airflow, reduces the flow velocity, and increases the contact time with the filter media. The flue gas flows through the activated carbon filter screen (or activated carbon granular layer) filled inside the filter. Oil mist molecules and some odor molecules in the gas are firmly adsorbed by the activated carbon. The purified gas is then discharged from the outlet of the Y-type filter 12. At this point, the solid particles, oil mist, and odors in the gas have been largely removed, resulting in clean air.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] When a laser cutting machine cuts certain materials (such as stainless steel containing chromium or aluminum alloys with coatings), it produces sticky, oily particles that easily adhere to the surface of the filter cartridge. This can cause the filter cartridge to clog rapidly, and the filtration pressure differential to spike, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the filter cartridge's separation and filtration, and a shortened lifespan.

[0051] Therefore, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for self-cleaning the filter cartridge 62 and cleaning sticky slag particles, which combines active thermal desorption and passive physical non-sticking mechanisms:

[0052] like Figure 1-2 , Figure 4-5 As shown, the air outlet 512 at the bottom of the air-cooled pipe 5 is connected to the blower 7 via a flexible hose. The airflow flowing through the air-cooled pipe 5 is blown onto the filter cartridge 62 through the blower 7 to clean it. The blower 7 is an annular cylindrical shape with a bottom diameter larger than the top diameter. An air chamber 71 is provided inside the blower 7. Several rows of air nozzles 72 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom on the inner ring wall of the blower 7. The air nozzles 72 are connected to the air chamber 71 and are all inclined downwards. In addition, the filter cartridge 62 is made of metal and has a PTFE coating on its surface.

[0053] Specifically, the filter cartridge 62 uses a metal material as its base and its filter surface is treated with PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly known as Teflon coating. This treatment gives the filter cartridge 62 excellent chemical stability, oleophobicity, and key non-stick properties, which can significantly reduce the adhesion of sticky substances at the physical level.

[0054] In addition, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the blower 7 is located inside the outer cylinder 61, outside the filter cartridge 62. The air outlet 512 can be connected to a connector on the blower 7 via a high-temperature resistant hose. The connector communicates with the air cavity 71. Alternatively, a threaded hole can be opened on the blower 7, and the hose connector at one end of the high-temperature resistant hose can be screwed into the threaded hole. After the two are connected, the spiral air duct 51 inside the air-cooled pipe 5 is connected to an external air pump through the air inlet 511. The spiral air duct 51 tightly surrounds the central area of ​​the high-temperature cooling ring 41. The air emitted by the air pump is indirectly heated when it flows through, forming a temperature-controllable warm airflow (e.g., 50-80°C). This airflow is precisely guided from the air outlet 512 through the hose into the air cavity 71 of the blower 7. The blower 7 is an annular cylindrical shape with multiple rows of downward-sloping nozzles 72 on the inner side. The preheated warm airflow is blown continuously or pulsedly (depending on the air pump settings) towards the outer wall of the filter cartridge 62 through the nozzles 72.

[0055] The cleaning mechanism is as follows: When cutting materials that easily generate sticky, oily particles, such as stainless steel and coated aluminum alloys, these substances can easily clog ordinary filter media. In this embodiment:

[0056] 1. The PTFE non-stick coating first provides a smooth, low surface energy substrate, making it difficult for sticky particles to initially adhere, and significantly reducing adhesion.

[0057] 2. Hot air backflushing provides active removal force. Warm air can effectively reduce the viscosity of attached particles, making them loose in physical state.

[0058] The two work synergistically to achieve a multiplier effect: the PTFE coating prevents particles from sticking, and the hot air makes the particles fall off easily, thus systematically solving the problems of rapid caking, blockage, and pressure spikes in the filter cartridge caused by sticky and oily particles.

[0059] Furthermore, during the cleaning of the filter cartridge 62, the filter cartridge 62 rotates continuously, and the downward-sloping air nozzles 72 combine with the rotating filter cartridge 62 to scan and clean the surface of the filter cartridge 62. The combination of multiple rows of air nozzles 72, in conjunction with the rotation of the filter cartridge 62, can form a dense, overlapping, and thorough cleaning coverage on the outer surface of the filter cartridge 62 in a short time, ensuring that dust and slag particles can be effectively removed. The detached filter cake blocks and particles fall off the inner wall of the filter cartridge 62 under the combined action of gravity and the downward force of the inclined airflow, and fall to the bottom of the filter cartridge 62. After the cleaning cycle is completed, the first electric valve 624 can be opened, and the particle waste accumulated at the bottom of the filter cartridge 62 falls downward again under the action of gravity and the inclined airflow. Meanwhile, the second electric valve 611 at the bottom of the outer cylinder 61 can be opened synchronously or alternately to discharge the separated slag particles outward again.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] In order to move the suction mechanism in this invention from "passive fixed dust removal" to "active following purification", this embodiment adopts a moving component 9 that can drive the entire suction mechanism to move, so that its air intake 43 can follow the movement of the laser cutting head 8 in a two-dimensional plane in real time and accurately, and ensure that the negative pressure suction point is always located below the cutting position.

[0062] like Figure 6-9As shown, a laser cutting head 8 is provided above the cutting worktable 2, and a moving component 9 is installed in the bed frame 1 below the cutting worktable 2. The moving component 9 drives the suction mechanism to move and suction along with the laser cutting head 8. The moving component 9 includes two first motors 91 that are fixedly installed on both sides of the bed frame 1. The output ends of the first motors 91 are respectively connected to first screws 92. The other ends of the first screws 92 are rotatably installed on the bed frame 1. A slag collection box 10 is provided between the two first screws 92. Connecting ears are provided on both sides of the slag collection box 10. Connecting screw holes that mate with the first screws 92 are opened on the connecting ears. Mounting blocks are fixedly connected to the top two ends of the slag collection box 10. A second motor 93 is installed on the side of the mounting blocks. A second screw 94 is rotatably installed between the two mounting blocks. The output end of the second motor 93 is connected to the second screw 94. A moving plate 11 is installed on the second screw 94 by threaded connection. A guide rod 95 is provided between the two mounting blocks on one side of the second screw 94. The guide rod 95 passes through the moving plate 11.

[0063] Specifically, the moving assembly 9 includes two first motors 91, each driving a first screw 92 to move the slag collection box 10 laterally (X-axis) along the bed frame 1. A second motor 93 is mounted on the slag collection box 10, driving a second screw 94 to move the moving plate 11 longitudinally (Y-axis). A cooling assembly 4 is installed on the moving plate 11, enabling the suction port 43 to move synchronously with the laser cutting head 8 in a two-dimensional plane in real time, and to draw in the fumes and molten residue generated during laser cutting below the rack of the cutting table 2.

[0064] Furthermore, a position sensor (such as a magnetic ruler) can be installed on the X / Y axis guide rail of the laser cutting head 8 to obtain its coordinates in real time, and drive the moving component 9 through the control unit (which can be a PLC controller) to achieve high-precision, low-latency source capture. Combined with the high negative pressure suction enhanced by the spiral guide groove 42, it significantly improves the overall capture efficiency and reduces the energy consumption of the fan.

[0065] Furthermore, such as Figure 7-9 As shown, the cooling assembly 4 is located on the top surface of the moving plate 11, the filter cartridge assembly 6 is located on the slag collection box 10, and the outer cylinder 61 extends into the slag collection box 10; the centrifugal fan 3 is installed on the outer side of the slag collection box 10, and the air inlet of the centrifugal fan 3 is connected to the outer cylinder 61 through a connecting pipe. In use, the molten slag particles collected in the outer cylinder 61 can fall into the slag collection box 10 for temporary storage by opening the second electric valve 611, and the bottom of the slag collection box 10 is also equipped with a valve body, which can be opened to finally discharge and transfer the molten slag residue.

[0066] Working principle:

[0067] When the laser cutting head is working, the moving component 9 drives the moving plate 11 (carrying the cooling component 4) to move synchronously in a two-dimensional plane according to its position signal, so that the annular air intake 43 at the top of the cooling ring 41 is always aligned with the area below the cutting point. Under the negative pressure generated by the centrifugal fan 3, the high-temperature molten slag and flue gas are drawn into the annular air intake 43 and enter the spiral guide groove 42 inside the cooling ring 41. The spiral guide groove 42 adopts a gradually narrowing pitch design, which enhances the local negative pressure of the air intake 43 while extending the airflow path. During the spiral downward process, the high-temperature medium is cooled by water cooling through the circulating cooling water in the annular water cavity 44 on the outside of the cooling ring 41; on the other hand, its heat is conducted through the cooling ring wall to the central air-cooling pipe 5, where it is carried away by the room-temperature air supplied by the air pump and flowing through the spiral air duct 51 in a convection manner, achieving air cooling. Through this dual cooling, the medium temperature drops significantly.

[0068] The cooled gas-solid mixture is fed into the rotating filter cartridge 62 through a high-temperature resistant hose. Driven by the drive motor 64, the filter cartridge 62 rotates continuously. The dust-laden airflow passes through the metal membrane filter screen of the filter cartridge 62 from the inside out. Solid particles such as molten slag are trapped on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 62 to form a filter cake, while the flue gas passes through the filter holes into the outer cartridge 61. The rotation of the filter cartridge 62 generates centrifugal force, which promotes uniform distribution of the filter cake and reduces deep adhesion.

[0069] Preheated air, flowing through the air-cooling pipe 5, is introduced via a hose into the annular blower 7 located outside the filter cartridge 62. The preheated air enters the air chamber 71 of the blower 7 and is sprayed onto the rotating outer wall of the filter cartridge 62 through multiple rows of downward-sloping nozzles 72. The warm airflow reduces the stickiness of adhering particles, the PTFE non-stick coating of the filter cartridge 62 makes it difficult for particles to adhere firmly, and the rotation of the filter cartridge 62 ensures thorough coverage. These three factors work together to effectively blow away dust and loose filter cake from the outer wall of the filter cartridge. The blown-off waste falls to the bottom of the filter cartridge under gravity.

[0070] The molten slag accumulated at the bottom of the filter cartridge 62 is discharged into the outer cartridge 61 by periodically opening the first electric valve 624 at the bottom of the filter cartridge. The second electric valve 611 at the bottom of the outer cartridge opens periodically, finally discharging the collected molten slag into the slag collection box 10 below for temporary storage. The separated flue gas is drawn out of the outer cartridge 61 by the centrifugal fan 3, and then enters the Y-type filter 12. The flue gas passes through the internal activated carbon filter layer, where residual oil mist and odors are adsorbed, and the purified clean gas is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0071] The entire suction mechanism (cooling components via the moving plate, filter cartridge components and fan via the slag collection box) can move along the X and Y axes below the cutting table under the drive of the moving component, achieving full-process following suction of the moving cutting point and ensuring high efficiency and stability of the processing effect. The overall control system can use an industrial-grade PLC controller. When connecting the pipes (high-temperature resistant hoses) in this invention, connectors and sealing rings can be used. When the moving plate 11 moves the cooling component 4, it will pull the pipes to move in the Y-axis direction, thus requiring proper pipe wiring.

[0072] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0073] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A slag and fume treatment device for a laser cutting machine, comprising a laser cutting machine bed frame (1) and a cutting worktable (2) disposed on the bed frame (1), wherein a suction mechanism is provided below the cutting worktable (2), and the tail end of the suction mechanism is provided with a centrifugal fan (3) to suction the slag and fume generated during laser cutting, characterized in that: The front end of the suction mechanism is provided with a cooling component (4) to pre-cool the newly sucked high-temperature molten slag and flue gas. The cooling assembly (4) includes a cooling ring (41), a spiral guide groove (42) is provided inside the cooling ring (41), an annular air intake (43) communicating with the spiral guide groove (42) is provided at the top of the cooling ring (41), an annular water cavity (44) is provided on the outside of the spiral guide groove (42) to cool the slag and flue gas passing through the spiral guide groove (42), and an air-cooling pipe (5) is inserted in the middle of the cooling ring (41). The middle section of the suction mechanism is provided with a filter cartridge assembly (6). The filter cartridge assembly (6) includes an outer cylinder (61) and a filter cartridge (62) rotatably disposed in the outer cylinder (61). The filter cartridge (62) separates the sucked slag and flue gas. A blower (7) for cleaning the filter cartridge (62) is also provided between the outer cylinder (61) and the filter cartridge (62). The cooling ring (41) has an annular first surface on the side near the cutting table (2), and a slit-shaped, annular air intake (43) is provided on the side of the first surface near the center. A suction bucket (45) is installed on the top of the cooling ring (41). The pitch of the spiral guide groove (42) gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, and the outlet of the spiral guide groove (42) is connected to the filter cartridge (62) through a high-temperature resistant hose. The cooling ring (41) has the air-cooling pipe (5) inserted inside its core. The air-cooling pipe (5) has a spiral air duct (51) inside it. The air inlet (511) and air outlet (512) of the spiral air duct (51) are both located at the bottom of the air-cooling pipe (5). The air inlet (511) is connected to an external air pump through a hose. The air outlet (512) is connected to the blower (7) through a hose. The airflow in the air-cooling pipe (5) is blown to the filter cartridge (62) through the blower (7) to clean it. The blower (7) is an annular cylindrical shape with a bottom diameter larger than the top diameter. An air cavity (71) is provided inside the blower (7). Several rows of air nozzles (72) are arranged from top to bottom on the inner ring wall of the blower (7). The air nozzles (72) are connected to the air cavity (71). All air nozzles (72) are inclined downward. A laser cutting head (8) is provided above the cutting worktable (2), and a moving component (9) is installed in the bed frame (1) below the cutting worktable (2). The moving component (9) drives the suction mechanism to move and suction along with the laser cutting head (8).

2. The slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter cartridge assembly (6) further includes a top plate (63) covering the top of the outer cylinder (61). The top plate (63) has a slag conveying channel communicating with the filter cartridge (62). The filter cartridge (62) includes a cylinder body (621). Filter holes are evenly distributed on the cylinder body (621). A retaining ring (622) is connected to the top of the cylinder body (621). The retaining ring (622) is rotatably clamped onto the top plate of the outer cylinder (61). A gear ring (623) is connected to the top of the retaining ring (622). A first electric valve (624) is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body (621). A settling groove is opened at the bottom of the top plate (63). A drive motor (64) is installed in the settling groove. A drive gear (65) is connected to the output end of the drive motor (64). The drive gear (65) meshes with the gear ring (623). A second electric valve (611) is installed at the bottom of the outer cylinder (61).

3. The slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter cartridge (62) is made of metal and has a PTFE coating on its surface.

4. The slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The annular water cavity (44) is opened on the cooling ring (41) outside the spiral guide groove (42). Two water connectors (441) connected to the annular water cavity (44) are installed on the cooling ring (41). The two water connectors (441) are respectively connected to the external circulating water chiller through hoses.

5. The slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moving component (9) includes two first motors (91) fixedly installed on both sides of the bed frame (1). The output ends of the first motors (91) are respectively connected to first screws (92). The other ends of the first screws (92) are rotatably installed on the bed frame (1). A slag collection box (10) is provided between the two first screws (92). Both ends of the slag collection box (10) are provided with connecting ears. The connecting ears are provided with connecting screw holes that cooperate with the first screws (92). Mounting blocks are fixedly connected to the top two ends of the slag collection box (10). A second motor (93) is installed on the side of the mounting block. A second screw (94) is rotatably provided between the two mounting blocks. The output end of the second motor (93) is connected to the second screw (94). A moving plate (11) is installed on the second screw (94) by threaded connection. A guide rod (95) is provided between the two mounting blocks on one side of the second screw (94). The guide rod (95) passes through the moving plate (11).

6. The slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cooling assembly (4) is disposed on the top surface of the moving plate (11), the filter cartridge assembly (6) is disposed on the slag collection box (10), and the outer cylinder (61) extends into the slag collection box (10); the centrifugal fan (3) is installed on the outer side of the slag collection box (10), and the air inlet of the centrifugal fan (3) is connected to the outer cylinder (61) through a connecting pipe.

7. The slag and flue gas treatment device for laser cutting machines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the centrifugal fan (3) is connected to a Y-type filter (12), and the exhaust port of the Y-type filter (12) is equipped with an activated carbon filter for adsorbing oil mist and some odors.

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