Fractured formation well drilling leaking stoppage simulation visual experiment device and use method

Abstract

The invention provides a fractured formation well drilling leakage stoppage simulation visual experiment device and a using method, the fractured formation well drilling leakage stoppage simulation visual experiment device comprises an oil-free air compressor, the oil-free air compressor is sequentially connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure pump and an intermediate container, and the outlet end of the intermediate container is connected with a visual fracture model; a pressure sensor is arranged between the intermediate container and the visual crack model, pressure-resistant glass is arranged in the visual crack model, a camera is arranged right above the pressure-resistant glass, the camera and the pressure sensor are connected with a computer, and the outlet end of the visual crack model is connected with a collecting tank. The whole process of the high-pressure leaking stoppage state in the crack can be completely and continuously observed and recorded, and by arranging the camera, the pressure sensor and the computer, the integration degree of a data collecting and processing system is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field exploration and development technology, specifically a simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Well leakage is the phenomenon of a large amount of drilling fluid being lost into the formation during drilling operations. The economic and time losses caused by well leakage are considerable every year. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct leakage plugging experiments by simulating the leakage plugging process using a leakage plugging test device to explore the leakage plugging mechanism and select appropriate leakage plugging materials and processes in order to achieve the goal of quickly sealing the formation and ensuring safe drilling.

[0003] The most intuitive way to explore the mechanism of leak sealing is to conduct leak sealing simulation experiments through visual leak sealing experimental equipment. However, existing visual leak sealing equipment has limitations such as (1) low visualization level, (2) relatively low working pressure, and (3) small visualization area or discontinuous field of view.

[0004] In 2019, Feng Yi developed a visualization device for sealing rough cracks. The device's crack plate consists of two acrylic plates with roughened inner walls and an outer aluminum frame. It operates at a pressure of 0.06-0.2 MPa, and the crack size in the dense sandstone crack plate is 150mm × 100mm. Its sealing simulation principle involves the sealing slurry flowing in from the inlet and out from the outlet, gradually forming a sealing layer within the crack. The approximate formation of the sealing layer can be observed through the semi-transparent acrylic crack. Limitations include low transparency, poor visualization, and excessively low operating pressure.

[0005] Chinese patent CN112067749A describes a microscopic visualization experimental device for the formation mechanism of crack sealing layers. This device consists of a power system, a pressure monitoring system, a process monitoring system, a visualization crack chip, and a suspension recovery system. The working pressure is 0.05-0.1 MPa, and sealing simulation experiments can be carried out using CMC solution and small nylon particles.

[0006] Chinese patent CN112855121A describes a medium- and high-pressure visual leakage simulation and evaluation device. This device mainly consists of a slurry storage container, a transparent leakage plugging pipe, and a support frame. It can meet the needs of deep gel leakage simulation and evaluation. However, the cracks are fixed, visualized cylinders, and the crack shapes differ significantly from reality. Furthermore, it is mainly observed with the naked eye, resulting in relatively low accuracy.

[0007] Chinese patent CN114198084A describes a simulation and evaluation device for plugging leaks in fractured formations. This device includes a simulated wellbore, a fracture model, a pumping assembly, and a mixing container. Both the wellbore and the fracture model have several evenly distributed circular viewing windows, some of which are equipped with cameras for observation. Limitations include discontinuous observation areas, small individual window sizes, and low operating pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a visualization experimental device and method for simulating well plugging in fractured formations, so as to better observe the formation of the plugging layer in the plugging of fractured formations, explore the plugging mechanism, and further improve the success rate of plugging in one attempt.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling includes an oil-free air compressor, a constant-speed and constant-pressure pump and an intermediate container connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor, a visual fracture model connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container, a pressure sensor installed between the intermediate container and the visual fracture model, a pressure-resistant glass installed inside the visual fracture model, the pressure-resistant glass being hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model, a camera installed directly above the pressure-resistant glass, a computer connected to the camera and the pressure sensor, and a collection tank connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model.

[0011] Preferably, the intermediate container has a water inlet at the top, an impeller at the bottom of the inner side of the intermediate container, a motor connected to the impeller, the motor being located outside the intermediate container, a liquid outlet at the lower part of the side wall of the intermediate container, and a piston at the middle of the inner side of the intermediate container.

[0012] Preferably, the intermediate container is provided with a heating jacket and an insulation jacket.

[0013] Preferably, the visible crack model includes a centrally located frame cavity with grooves on its upper and lower surfaces. The pressure-resistant glass is embedded in the grooves. The frame cavity is connected to a cover plate at both the top and bottom, and the cover plate is fixed by bolts. A gap is provided between the frame cavities, with the two ends of the gap being the crack model inlet and the crack model outlet, respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the inlet and outlet of the crack model are at different heights.

[0015] Preferably, a rubber ring is provided between the pressure-resistant glass and the frame cavity.

[0016] Preferably, a gasket is provided between the pressure-resistant glass and the cover plate.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure sensor collects pressure data inside the visible crack model in real time, transmits and saves it to the computer, and the camera collects all dynamic changes inside the rectangular viewing window of the visible crack model in real time, and the video is stored in the computer in real time.

[0018] Preferably, the collection tank has a scale inside and a removable sealing cap on top.

[0019] A method for using a simulation and visualization experimental device for plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling includes: an oil-free air compressor providing initial power to a constant-speed, constant-pressure pump; the constant-speed, constant-pressure pump injecting water into an intermediate container at a constant flow rate or constant pump pressure; the intermediate container pushing plugging slurry into a visible fracture model; a camera recording the specific conditions inside the fracture through an observation window and simultaneously transmitting the image data to a computer; a pressure sensor recording the pressure conditions inside the visible fracture model in real time and simultaneously transmitting the recorded data to the computer, plotting a pressure curve on the computer; and the plugging slurry flowing out of the visible fracture model and entering a collection tank.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations. Through an oil-free air compressor and a constant speed and constant pressure pump, the device has two modes: constant injection displacement and constant injection pressure, which can be switched at will, providing a basis for simulating leakage plugging in deep formation fractures. By setting pressure-resistant glass, the entire process of high-pressure leakage plugging in fractures can be observed and recorded completely and continuously. By setting up cameras, pressure sensors and computers, the data acquisition and processing system has a higher degree of integration.

[0021] Furthermore, compared with CN114198084A, this invention concentrates liquid storage, stirring, heating and heat preservation in an intermediate container, which can ensure that stirring, heating and pumping of the plugging slurry in the same part can be carried out simultaneously, and the speed can be infinitely adjusted on the computer and set to any value within the required range. This solves the problem of large-scale settling or insufficient heating that may occur during heating, reduces program redundancy and improves space utilization.

[0022] Furthermore, compared to CN114198084A, which lacks a grout collection and recycling device, this invention features an independent grout collection tank. After processing, the grout can be repeatedly recycled, significantly reducing experimental material consumption and resource waste, thus contributing to energy conservation and environmental protection. Simultaneously, this part also serves as a leakage measurement device, allowing for real-time observation of experimental leakage. The leakage data can be manually recorded in the data acquisition and processing system for subsequent data analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of the visualized fracture model of the simulated and visualized experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of the visualized fracture model of the simulated and visualized experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate container of the simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Oil-free air compressor, 2-Constant speed and pressure pump, 3-Intermediate container, 4-Pressure sensor, 5-Computer, 6-Camera, 7-Visual crack model, 8-Pluging slurry collection tank, 301-Water inlet, 302-Piston, 303-Impeller, 304-Liquid outlet, 305-Motor, 701-Cover plate, 702-Bolt, 703-Pressure-resistant glass, 704-Frame cavity, 705-Rubber ring, 706-Crack model inlet, 707-Crack model outlet, 708-Washer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0030] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling. It is characterized by comprising an oil-free air compressor 1, a constant-speed, constant-pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1, a visible fracture model 7 connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3, a pressure sensor 4 disposed between the intermediate container 3 and the visible fracture model 7, a pressure-resistant glass 703 disposed inside the visible fracture model 7, the pressure-resistant glass 703 being hollow up to the top of the visible fracture model 7, a camera 6 disposed directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703, a computer 5 connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4, and a collection tank 8 connected to the outlet end of the visible fracture model 7.

[0036] The oil-free air compressor 1 is continuously turned on, compressing a certain amount of air into the constant speed and pressure pump 2. The constant speed and pressure pump 2 uses the above gas as initial power to compress the liquid in the constant speed and pressure pump 2, so that the liquid enters the intermediate container 3 through the pipeline and the liquid inlet of the intermediate container. The liquid that enters continuously squeezes the special piston 302 in the intermediate container 3, causing it to move downwards and finally act on the plugging slurry.

[0037] Because of the high transparency of the visualized crack model of the simulated drilling and plugging experimental device for fractured formations, which is equipped with pressure-resistant glass 703, the continuous visible area reaches 240mm×50mm, the intermediate container can withstand pressure of 25MPa, and the equipment as a whole has a certain pressure-bearing capacity.

[0038] This device can clearly observe and record the movement and accumulation of sealing material inside the crack near the wall.

[0039] This device can observe and record the entire process of seal formation within cracks.

[0040] This device can record the pressure inside the crack every second.

[0041] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0042] The intermediate container 3 is provided with a water inlet 301 at the top, an impeller 303 is provided at the bottom of the inner side of the intermediate container 3, a motor 305 is connected to the impeller 303, the motor 305 is located outside the intermediate container 3, a liquid outlet 304 is provided at the lower part of the side wall of the intermediate container 3, and a piston 302 is provided at the middle of the inner side of the intermediate container 3.

[0043] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0044] The intermediate container 3 is equipped with a heating jacket and an insulation jacket. This invention concentrates liquid storage, stirring, heating and insulation in the intermediate container 3, which can ensure that the stirring, heating and pumping of the plugging slurry in the same part can be carried out simultaneously. Moreover, the speed can be infinitely adjusted on the computer and the value can be set arbitrarily within the required range. This solves the problem of large-scale sedimentation or insufficient heating that may occur during heating, reduces program redundancy and improves space utilization.

[0045] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0046] The visible crack model 7 includes symmetrically arranged frame cavities 704, each frame cavity 704 having a groove in the middle, into which the pressure-resistant glass 703 is embedded. Each frame cavity 704 is connected to a cover plate 701 at both the top and bottom, and the cover plate 701 is fixed by bolts 702. A gap is provided between the two frame cavities 704, with the two ends of the gap being the crack model inlet 706 and the crack model outlet 707, respectively.

[0047] Compared to CN114198084A, the viewing window of that device consists of numerous small circular holes that are discontinuous and spaced far apart, allowing only local observation of the crack's condition. The combined observation results also contain blank segments, resulting in significant information loss. In contrast, the visualized crack model of this invention features a continuous, virtually enormous rectangular viewing window with a pressure resistance of up to 10 MPa, enabling complete and continuous observation and recording of the entire process of high-pressure plugging within the crack. Furthermore, this part can be easily disassembled from the whole assembly, and individual components can be replaced. Future process upgrades or design updates can directly replace it with a higher-performance crack module without compromising its integrity.

[0048] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0049] The crack model inlet 706 and crack model outlet 707 have different heights to accommodate different test conditions.

[0050] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0051] A rubber ring 705 is provided between the pressure-resistant glass 703 and the frame cavity 704 to ensure sealing.

[0052] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0053] A gasket 708 is provided between the pressure-resistant glass 703 and the cover plate 701 to provide a certain buffering capacity.

[0054] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0055] The pressure sensor 4 collects pressure data inside the visible crack model 7 in real time, transmits and saves it to the computer 5, and the camera 6 collects all dynamic changes inside the rectangular viewing window of the visible crack model 7 in real time. The video is stored in the computer 5 in real time, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of the data acquisition.

[0056] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, including an oil-free air compressor 1. A constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 and an intermediate container 3 are connected sequentially to the oil-free air compressor 1. A visual fracture model 7 is connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container 3. A pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the intermediate container 3 and the visual fracture model 7. A pressure-resistant glass 703 is arranged inside the visual fracture model 7. The pressure-resistant glass 703 is hollow up to the top of the visual fracture model 7. A camera 6 is arranged directly above the pressure-resistant glass 703. A computer 5 is connected to the camera 6 and the pressure sensor 4. A collection tank 8 is connected to the outlet end of the visual fracture model 7.

[0057] The collection tank 8 has a scale inside and a removable sealing cap on top, which facilitates accurate recording of leakage information.

[0058] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging lost circulation in fractured formation drilling, comprising:

[0059] 1. An oil-free air compressor 1 and a constant-speed, constant-pressure pump 2 are used. The oil-free air compressor 1 is continuously running, compressing a certain amount of air into the constant-speed, constant-pressure pump 2. Using the air as initial power, the constant-speed, constant-pressure pump 2 compresses the liquid inside the pump body, causing the liquid to enter the intermediate container 3 through pipelines and the inlet of the intermediate container 3. The entering liquid continuously compresses a specially designed piston inside the intermediate container 3, causing it to move downwards and ultimately act on the plugging slurry. Compared with CN114198084A, the pump pressure of that invention is only 5.5 MPa, while the displacement pressurization system in this invention has a dual mode of constant injection displacement and constant injection pressure, which can be switched arbitrarily, and its pressure is up to 30 MPa, providing a basis for simulating deep formation fracture plugging.

[0060] 2. The intermediate container 3 has a liquid inlet cover at the top and a rotary motor 305 at the bottom. Inside the container is an impeller 303 and a specially designed piston 302. A liquid outlet 304 is located on the lower outer side of the container. It is equipped with a heating jacket and an insulation jacket. This allows for thorough stirring and heating of the sealing slurry below the specially designed piston 302, and the downward movement of the piston 302 continuously transfers the sealing slurry to the visible crack model 7. Compared to CN114198084A, this invention concentrates liquid storage, stirring, heating, and insulation in the intermediate container, ensuring simultaneous stirring, heating, and pumping of the sealing slurry in the same area. The rotation speed can be infinitely adjusted on a computer, allowing for arbitrary setting of values ​​within the required range. This solves the problem of potential large-scale settling or insufficient heating during heating, reduces program redundancy, and improves space utilization.

[0061] 3. The visualized crack model 7 consists of three parts: upper, middle, and lower. The middle frame cavity has a rounded rectangular groove with symmetrical upper and lower sides. The bottom of the double-sided groove is a stainless steel product with a rectangular through hole. The long side of the rectangular through hole of the stainless steel product is 5mm thick, and the end is hollowed out to form the crack inlet. The other end of the long side is 3mm thick, and the end is hollowed out to form the crack outlet. There is a rounded rectangular pressure-resistant glass 703 inside the rounded rectangular grooves on both the upper and lower sides, thus successfully simulating a wedge-shaped crack with an inlet of 5mm and an outlet of 3mm. The gap around the glass is filled with a rubber ring 705 to ensure sealing. The upper and lower parts of the visualized crack model 7 are stainless steel plates with rounded rectangular through holes. They are fixed to the middle stainless steel product by 18 stainless steel bolts on each of the upper and lower cover plates, thus forming a visualized crack model 7 with rounded rectangular viewing windows of 240mm×50mm on the upper and lower sides. Compared to CN114198084A, the viewing window of that device consists of numerous small circular holes that are discontinuous and spaced far apart, allowing only local observation of the crack's condition. The combined observation results also contain blank segments, resulting in significant information loss. In contrast, the visualized crack model of this invention features a continuous, virtually enormous rectangular viewing window with a pressure resistance of up to 10 MPa, enabling complete and continuous observation and recording of the entire process of high-pressure plugging within the crack. Furthermore, this part can be easily disassembled from the whole assembly, and individual components can be replaced. Future process upgrades or design updates can directly replace it with a higher-performance crack module without compromising its integrity.

[0062] 4. The system comprises a computer 5, a pressure sensor 4, and a high-performance camera 6. The computer 5 centrally controls the data acquisition start switch; the pressure sensor 4 monitors the pressure throughout the process, acquiring pressure data inside the visible crack model 7 in real time, transmitting and saving it to the computer 5, and plotting pressure curves in real time using dedicated software; the high-performance camera 6 captures all dynamic changes within the rectangular viewing window of the visible crack model in real time, and the video is stored in real time on the computer 5; after the experiment, the acquired pressure data and image data can be further processed and analyzed. Compared with CN114198084A, the data acquisition and processing system of this invention has a higher degree of integration and stronger uniformity in time scale, thus making data post-processing more convenient and accurate.

[0063] 5. Leakage slurry collection tank 8: The tank body is a stainless steel bucket resembling a graduated cylinder, with a thick bottom for stable center of gravity, and a removable sealing cap on top. This ensures that all leakage slurry sprayed out during the experiment is collected without damaging the tank body, reducing experimental errors and facilitating accurate recording of leakage information. Compared with CN114198084A, this device lacks a leakage slurry collection and recovery device. This invention has an independent leakage slurry collection tank, which can be repeatedly recycled after processing, greatly reducing experimental material loss and resource waste, contributing to energy conservation and environmental protection. Simultaneously, this part also serves as a leakage measurement device, allowing for real-time observation of experimental leakage. Leakage data can be manually recorded in the data acquisition and processing system for subsequent data analysis.

[0064] Working principle:

[0065] Oil-free air compressor 1 provides initial power to constant speed and constant pressure pump;

[0066] The constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 can be used to conduct experiments by injecting water into the intermediate container 3 at a constant flow rate or constant pump pressure.

[0067] The top of the intermediate container is a water inlet 301, the inside of the container body is a piston 302, and the bottom has a rotary motor 305 and an impeller 303. Water is injected into the upper part to push the piston downward, which in turn pushes the sealing slurry in the lower part to flow out from the liquid outlet 304.

[0068] The plugging grout flows into the visible crack model 7;

[0069] The visible crack model consists of a stainless steel frame 704, pressure-resistant glass 703, and a stainless steel cover plate 701. The transparent pressure-resistant glass enables the visualization function.

[0070] A rubber ring 705 is installed between the pressure-resistant glass and the stainless steel frame to provide a sealing function;

[0071] A flexible gasket 708 is installed between the stainless steel frame, the pressure-resistant glass and the stainless steel cover plate to provide a certain amount of cushioning.

[0072] The camera 6 can record the specific situation inside the crack through a transparent pressure-resistant glass window, and at the same time transmit the image data to the computer 5;

[0073] Pressure sensor 4 can record the pressure inside the crack model in real time, and transmit the recorded data to computer 5 in real time, and plot the pressure curve in computer 5.

[0074] The sealing grout collection tank 8 can collect the sealing grout flowing out of the crack and record its volume.

[0075] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using a simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leaks in fractured formations, comprising: an oil-free air compressor 1 providing initial power to a constant speed and constant pressure pump 2; the constant speed and constant pressure pump 2 conducting the experiment by injecting water into an intermediate container 3 at a constant flow rate or constant pump pressure; the intermediate container 3 pushing the plugging slurry into a visible fracture model 7; a camera 6 recording the specific conditions inside the fracture through an observation window and simultaneously transmitting the image data to a computer 5; a pressure sensor 4 recording the pressure conditions inside the visible fracture model 7 in real time and simultaneously transmitting the recorded data to the computer 5 in real time, and plotting a pressure curve in the computer 5; and the plugging slurry flowing out of the visible fracture model 7 entering a collection tank 8.

[0076] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and application fields described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, guided by the specification, can make many other modifications without departing from the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all of these modifications are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, characterized in that, The system includes an oil-free air compressor (1), a constant speed and constant pressure pump (2) and an intermediate container (3) connected in sequence to the oil-free air compressor (1), a visible crack model (7) connected to the outlet end of the intermediate container (3), a pressure sensor (4) provided between the intermediate container (3) and the visible crack model (7), a pressure-resistant glass (703) provided inside the visible crack model (7), the pressure-resistant glass (703) being hollow to the top of the visible crack model (7), a camera (6) provided directly above the pressure-resistant glass (703), a computer (5) connected to the camera (6) and the pressure sensor (4), and a collection tank (8) connected to the outlet end of the visible crack model (7).

2. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate container (3) is provided with a water inlet (301) at the top, an impeller (303) is provided at the bottom of the inner side of the intermediate container (3), a motor (305) is connected to the impeller (303), the motor (305) is located outside the intermediate container (3), a liquid outlet (304) is provided at the lower part of the side wall of the intermediate container (3), and a piston (302) is provided in the middle of the inner side of the intermediate container (3).

3. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate container (3) is provided with a heating jacket and an insulation jacket on the outside.

4. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible crack model (7) includes a centrally located frame cavity (704), with grooves on the upper and lower surfaces of the frame cavity (704). The pressure-resistant glass (703) is embedded in the grooves. The frame cavity (704) is connected to a cover plate (701) on both the upper and lower surfaces. The cover plate (701) is fixed by bolts (702). There is a gap between the frame cavities (704), with the two ends of the gap being the crack model inlet (706) and the crack model outlet (707), respectively.

5. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The crack model inlet (706) and crack model outlet (707) are at different heights.

6. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, A rubber ring (705) is provided between the pressure-resistant glass (703) and the frame cavity (704).

7. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, A gasket (708) is provided between the pressure-resistant glass (703) and the cover plate (701).

8. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (4) collects pressure data inside the visible crack model (7) in real time, transmits and saves it to the computer (5), and the camera (6) collects all dynamic changes inside the rectangular viewing window of the visible crack model (7) in real time, and the video is stored in the computer (5) in real time.

9. The simulation and visualization experimental device for drilling and plugging leakage in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection tank (8) has a scale inside and a removable sealing cover on top.

10. A method for using a visualization experimental device for simulating and plugging leaks in fractured formation drilling, characterized in that, include: An oil-free air compressor (1) provides initial power to a constant speed and constant pressure pump (2). The constant speed and constant pressure pump (2) conducts the experiment by injecting water into an intermediate container (3) at a constant flow rate or constant pump pressure. The intermediate container (3) pushes the plugging slurry into the visible crack model (7). The camera (6) records the specific situation inside the crack through the observation window and transmits the image data to the computer (5). The pressure sensor (4) records the pressure status inside the visible crack model (7) in real time and transmits the recorded data to the computer (5) in real time. The pressure curve is plotted in the computer (5). After the plugging slurry flows out of the visible crack model (7), it enters the collection tank (8).