Gas injector and engine

Abstract

The application provides a gas injector and an engine, and relates to the technical field of engines, and the gas injector comprises a needle valve assembly, the needle valve assembly has an air inlet channel, a nozzle sleeve is connected with the needle valve assembly, the nozzle sleeve has a containing space and a gas nozzle, part of the needle valve assembly is located in the containing space, the air inlet channel has an air inlet state in communication with the containing space, and the air inlet channel has a closed state separated from the containing space; a heat insulation assembly is connected with the nozzle sleeve, the heat insulation assembly is located in the containing space, the heat insulation assembly is located between the needle valve assembly and the gas nozzle, the heat insulation assembly has a communication state in communication with the air inlet channel and the gas nozzle, and the heat insulation assembly has a blocking state in blocking communication between the air inlet channel and the gas nozzle; when the needle valve assembly is in the air inlet state, the heat insulation assembly is in the communication state, and when the needle valve assembly is in the closed state, the heat insulation assembly is in the blocking state, thereby solving the problem that the performance of the needle valve assembly is reduced due to high temperature from the combustion chamber in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of engine technology, and more specifically, to a gas injector and an engine. Background Technology

[0002] The needle valve assembly of a gas injector is a key component of the engine's fuel supply system, used to precisely control the timing and amount of fuel injection for efficient engine operation. In the high-temperature environment of an engine, especially in direct injection technology, the needle valve assembly is subjected to high-temperature impacts from the combustion chamber. This not only causes the assembly temperature to rise, affecting its performance and durability, but may also lead to incomplete combustion of fuel at high temperatures, resulting in problems such as carbon buildup, corrosion, and wear, thereby impacting engine efficiency and emission standards.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a gas injector and engine to solve the problem of performance degradation of prior art needle valve assemblies due to high temperatures from the combustion chamber.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of this application, a gas injector is provided, comprising: a needle valve assembly having an air inlet passage; a nozzle sleeve connected to the needle valve assembly, the nozzle sleeve having a receiving space and a jet nozzle, a portion of the needle valve assembly being located within the receiving space, the air inlet passage having an air inlet state communicating with the receiving space, and an air inlet passage having a closed state separated from the receiving space; and a heat insulation assembly connected to the nozzle sleeve, the heat insulation assembly being located within the receiving space, the heat insulation assembly being located between the needle valve assembly and the jet nozzle, the heat insulation assembly having a communicating state communicating with the air inlet passage and the jet nozzle, and a blocking state blocking the communication between the air inlet passage and the jet nozzle; wherein, when the needle valve assembly is in the air inlet state, the heat insulation assembly is in the communicating state, and when the needle valve assembly is in the closed state, the heat insulation assembly is in the blocking state.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat insulation component includes: a fixed plate connected to the nozzle sleeve, the fixed plate being located within the receiving space, the fixed plate being located between the needle valve assembly and the jet nozzle, and the fixed plate having a first through hole; and a heat insulation member connected to the fixed plate, the heat insulation member being movably disposed relative to the fixed plate, the heat insulation member having a communicating state in which the air intake passage communicates with the jet nozzle through the first through hole away from the fixed plate, and a blocking state in which the heat insulation member blocks the first through hole to prevent communication between the air intake passage and the jet nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat insulation component is located at the bottom of the fixed plate, and the heat insulation component is set at a distance from the fixed plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the thermal insulation component also includes: a guide member, a fixed plate arranged circumferentially along the guide member, the thermal insulation member being connected to the fixed plate through the guide member, and the guide member being movably arranged relative to the fixed plate; wherein, the guide member drives the thermal insulation member to reciprocate relative to the fixed plate, so that the thermal insulation member switches between a connected state and a blocked state.

[0009] Furthermore, the heat insulation component includes: a heat insulation component body, which is connected to the fixed plate via a guide, the heat insulation component body having a second through hole, the heat insulation component body having a connected state away from the fixed plate to allow the air intake passage to communicate with the jet nozzle through the first through hole and the second through hole, and the heat insulation component having a blocking state to block the first through hole and the second through hole to prevent the air intake passage and the jet nozzle from communicating.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixed plate has a shaft hole, and there are multiple first through holes, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the shaft hole; and / or, the heat insulation body has a second shaft hole, and there are multiple second through holes, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the second shaft hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat insulation element is a diaphragm spring, and / or the heat insulation element is made of at least one of stainless steel or copper.

[0012] Furthermore, the needle valve assembly includes: a valve seat connected to an air nozzle sleeve; and a needle valve movably connected to the valve seat, forming an air intake passage between the needle valve and the valve seat.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the heat insulation component is smaller than the inner diameter of the air nozzle sleeve, and / or the outer diameter of the air nozzle sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the valve seat.

[0014] According to another aspect of this application, an engine is provided, including a gas injector, which is the gas injector described above.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of this application, when the needle valve assembly is in the intake state (i.e., the intake channel is connected to the accommodating space), the heat insulation component is in the connected state, allowing gas to pass through without obstructing the gas flow path. When the needle valve assembly is in the closed state (i.e., the intake channel is separated from the accommodating space), the heat insulation component is in the blocking state, which can effectively block the heat transfer between the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber and the needle valve assembly. Especially when the needle valve assembly stops working, it protects it from high-temperature damage to the greatest extent, solving the problem of reduced performance of the needle valve assembly due to high temperature from the combustion chamber in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a gas injector according to this application is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 An enlarged view of section A of an embodiment of the gas injector according to this application is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the fixed disk according to this application is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the thermal insulation component according to this application is shown.

[0021] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0022] 10. Needle valve assembly;

[0023] 100. Air intake passage;

[0024] 11. Valve seat;

[0025] 12. Needle valve;

[0026] 20. Air valve cover;

[0027] 200. Accommodation space;

[0028] 21. Air nozzle;

[0029] 30. Thermal insulation components;

[0030] 31. Fixed plate;

[0031] 311. First through hole;

[0032] 312. Shaft hole;

[0033] 32. Thermal insulation components;

[0034] 320. Thermal insulation component body;

[0035] 321. Second through hole;

[0036] 322, Second shaft hole;

[0037] 33. Guide components;

[0038] 40. Engine cylinder head. Detailed Implementation

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0042] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0043] Combination Figures 1 to 4 In a specific embodiment of this application, a gas injector is provided.

[0044] Specifically, the gas injector includes a needle valve assembly 10, a nozzle sleeve 20, and a heat insulation assembly 30. The needle valve assembly 10 has an air inlet passage 100. The nozzle sleeve 20 is connected to the needle valve assembly 10 and has a receiving space 200 and a nozzle 21. A portion of the needle valve assembly 10 is located within the receiving space 200. The air inlet passage 100 has an air inlet state communicating with the receiving space 200 and a closed state separated from the receiving space 200. The heat insulation assembly 30 is connected to the nozzle sleeve. The system is connected in section 20, with the heat insulation component 30 located within the receiving space 200. The heat insulation component 30 is positioned between the needle valve assembly 10 and the jet nozzle 21. The heat insulation component 30 has both a connected state (connecting the intake passage 100 and the jet nozzle 21) and a blocked state (blocking the connection between the intake passage 100 and the jet nozzle 21). Specifically, when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the intake state, the heat insulation component 30 is in the connected state; when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the closed state, the heat insulation component 30 is in the blocked state. Through this dynamic heat insulation mechanism, the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly 10 is effectively managed, maintaining a relatively stable temperature even under high engine load conditions, thus avoiding potential problems such as material performance degradation, seal failure, and accelerated wear caused by excessively high temperatures.

[0045] In this embodiment, when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the intake state (i.e., the intake passage 100 is connected to the receiving space 200), the heat insulation assembly 30 is in the connected state, allowing gas to pass through without obstructing the gas flow path. This design ensures that the normal operation of the gas injector is not affected when gas injection is required. When the needle valve assembly 10 is in the closed state (i.e., the intake passage 100 is separated from the receiving space 200), the heat insulation assembly 30 is in the blocking state, effectively blocking heat transfer between the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber and the needle valve assembly 10, especially protecting it from high-temperature damage when the needle valve assembly 10 stops working.

[0046] By dynamically adjusting the state of the heat insulation component under different operating conditions, the heat insulation performance of the gas injector is significantly improved, reducing the thermal shock of high temperature to the needle valve assembly, extending the service life of the gas injector, and maintaining its stability during operation. This effectively solves the technical problem in existing technologies where poor heat insulation results from direct contact between high-temperature combustion chamber gas and the needle valve assembly, thus affecting the durability and reliability of the gas injector. Compared to traditional static heat insulation measures such as cooling rings and shielding rings, the heat insulation component 30 of this application can intelligently adjust its position or state according to the operating state of the needle valve assembly 10, solving the problem in traditional technologies where it cannot dynamically adapt to the operating requirements of the needle valve assembly 10, and achieving more precise temperature control.

[0047] Furthermore, the heat insulation assembly 30 includes a fixed plate 31 and a heat insulation element 32. The fixed plate 31 is connected to the nozzle sleeve 20 and is located within the receiving space 200. The fixed plate 31 is located between the needle valve assembly 10 and the nozzle 21. The fixed plate 31 has a first through hole 311. The heat insulation element 32 is connected to the fixed plate 31 and is movably disposed relative to the fixed plate 31. The heat insulation element 32 has a communication state in which the air intake channel 100 communicates with the nozzle 21 through the first through hole 311 away from the fixed plate 31, and a blocking state in which the air intake channel 100 and the nozzle 21 are blocked by sealing the first through hole 311.

[0048] In this embodiment, the heat insulation component 30 is connected to the nozzle sleeve 20, and the fixed plate 31 is located within the accommodating space 200 and positioned between the needle valve assembly 10 and the jet nozzle 21, and has a first through hole 311. The heat insulation component 32 is connected to the fixed plate 31 and is designed to be movable relative to the fixed plate 31. In the connected state, the heat insulation component 32 is away from the fixed plate 31, ensuring that the air intake channel 100 is directly connected to the jet nozzle 21 through the first through hole 311, allowing for smooth gas injection. In the blocked state, the heat insulation component 32 blocks the first through hole 311, effectively blocking the connection between the air intake channel 100 and the jet nozzle 21, preventing high-temperature gas from the combustion chamber from directly contacting the needle valve assembly 10, thereby achieving a heat insulation effect. This innovative structure, through the switching of the movable state of the heat insulation component 32, ensures both the high efficiency of gas injection and effectively reduces the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly 10, avoiding performance degradation caused by high temperature and improving the reliability and service life of the component. This design not only simplifies the cooling system but also optimizes the working environment of the gas injector, representing an effective improvement over existing technology.

[0049] Furthermore, the heat insulation element 32 is located at the bottom of the fixed plate 31, and the heat insulation element 32 is set at a distance from the fixed plate 31.

[0050] Applying the technical solution of this embodiment, the heat insulation component 32 is located at the bottom of the fixed disk 31 and is disposed at a distance from the fixed disk 31. During the operation of the injector, high-pressure gas enters the receiving space 200 from the intake channel 100, pushing the heat insulation component 32 to a connected state, thereby allowing the gas to flow through the first through hole 311 to the jet nozzle 21 and be injected into the combustion chamber. However, when the injector is closed and the jetting stops, the heat insulation component 32, under the action of the cylinder pressure, covers the fixed disk 31 again (along the cylinder). Figure 1The heat insulation component 32 (moving upwards in the thickness direction) cuts off the direct contact between the combustion chamber and the needle valve assembly 10, preventing the high-temperature combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber from directly acting on the needle valve assembly 10, thus significantly reducing the temperature of the needle valve assembly 10. This heat insulation effect helps to extend the service life of the needle valve assembly 10, reduce thermal deformation or material performance degradation caused by high temperatures, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation and injection accuracy of the injector. In addition, this design also reduces the adverse effects of heat energy on the intake passage 100, helps to maintain a stable intake air temperature, and thus optimizes the engine's combustion efficiency.

[0051] In another embodiment of this application, during the operation of the injector, high-pressure gas enters the receiving space 200 from the intake channel 100, pushing the heat insulation component 32 to a connected state, thereby allowing the gas to flow through the first through hole 311 to the nozzle 21 and be injected into the combustion chamber. When the gas burns in the combustion chamber (normally at this time the intake channel 100 is closed and the jetting stops), the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber enters the inner cavity of the nozzle sleeve 20 from the nozzle 21. The lower end pressure P2 of the heat insulation component 30 is much greater than the upper end pressure P1, and the heat insulation component 32 rises under the action of the pressure difference (along the...). Figure 1 The heat insulation component 32 moves upward in the thickness direction and contacts the lower end face of the fixed plate 31. The heat insulation component 32 covers the first through hole 311 of the fixed plate 31, preventing gas from entering the upper space and isolating the needle valve assembly 10 from the high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Under the action of the cylinder pressure, the heat insulation component 32 covers the fixed plate 31 again (along the thickness direction of the cylinder). Figure 1 The heat insulation component 32 moves upward in its thickness direction, cutting off the direct contact between the combustion chamber and the needle valve assembly 10, preventing the high-temperature combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber from directly acting on the needle valve assembly 10, and reducing the temperature of the needle valve assembly 10. During the exhaust stroke of the combustion chamber, the pressure P2 at the lower end of the heat insulation component 30 drops rapidly with the cylinder pressure, P1 and P2 are rebalanced, and the heat insulation component 30 moves downward under its own gravity, moving to the connected state and opening the first through hole 311.

[0052] In alternative solutions to this application, the thermal insulation component 32 can employ different materials or structural designs, such as a multi-layered structure. The outer layer uses a high-temperature resistant material (which may, but is not limited to, at least one of nickel-based alloys, molybdenum-based alloys, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and zirconium oxide), while the inner layer uses a material with better thermal insulation performance (which may, but is not limited to, at least one of aerogel, nano-insulation materials, and phase change materials) to further enhance the thermal insulation effect and durability. By adjusting the distance between the thermal insulation component 32 and the fixed plate 31, the thermal insulation effect can also be fine-tuned to meet the thermal insulation requirements under different operating conditions.

[0053] Furthermore, the heat insulation component 30 also includes a guide 33, a fixed disk 31 is arranged circumferentially along the guide 33, and the heat insulation component 32 is connected to the fixed disk 31 through the guide 33. The guide 33 is movably arranged relative to the fixed disk 31. The guide 33 drives the heat insulation component 32 to reciprocate relative to the fixed disk 31, so that the heat insulation component 32 switches between a connected state and a blocked state.

[0054] Combination Figure 2 As shown. In this embodiment, the heat insulation assembly 30 further includes a guide member 33, a fixed disk 31 is arranged circumferentially along the guide member 33, and the heat insulation member 32 is connected to the fixed disk 31 through the guide member 33, and the guide member 33 is movably arranged relative to the fixed disk 31. This structural design allows the guide member 33 to drive the heat insulation member 32 to perform reciprocating motion, thereby realizing flexible switching between the connected state and the blocked state. In practical applications, this dynamic isolation mechanism can effectively block the direct heat exchange path between the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber and the needle valve assembly, thereby significantly enhancing the heat insulation effect of the needle valve assembly 10.

[0055] Compared to static insulation measures in existing technologies, the dynamic insulation scheme in this embodiment can more precisely control the time and extent of thermal contact between the insulation component 32 and the combustion chamber. This not only reduces the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly 10 but may also improve its long-term operational stability and durability, reducing the risk of material degradation due to high temperatures. Furthermore, the addition of the guide component 33 provides additional mechanical support to the insulation assembly 30, enhancing the overall structural strength of the assembly and improving its reliability and service life under harsh operating conditions.

[0056] Furthermore, the heat insulation component 32 includes a heat insulation component body 320, which is connected to the fixed plate 31 via a guide 33. The heat insulation component body 320 has a second through hole 321. The heat insulation component body 320 is in a connected state away from the fixed plate 31 so that the air intake channel 100 communicates with the nozzle 21 through the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321. The heat insulation component 32 is in a blocking state where the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 are blocked to prevent the air intake channel 100 from communicating with the nozzle 21.

[0057] Combination Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the heat insulation component 32 includes a heat insulation component body 320, which is connected to the fixed plate 31 via a guide 33. This design ensures the precise positioning and stable movement of the heat insulation component 32 within the assembly. The heat insulation component body 320 is equipped with a second through hole 321, which enables communication with the air intake channel 100 at a position away from the fixed plate 31, ensuring that gas flows smoothly through the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 to the nozzle 21 (e.g., Figure 2As shown in C2), it maintains the normal operating state of the injector. In addition, the heat insulation component 32 can switch to the blocking state under specific conditions (when the combustion chamber is performing work combustion). At this time, the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 are blocked, effectively blocking the connection between the intake passage 100 and the nozzle 21, effectively isolating the influence of the high temperature of the combustion chamber on the needle valve assembly, and improving the thermal protection performance of the assembly.

[0058] By switching the state of the heat insulation component, not only is the heat insulation effect of the component enhanced, but also the precise control of the gas injection process is achieved, which improves the safety and reliability of the injector operation. By adjusting the position of the heat insulation component 32, the cooling demand and gas injection efficiency are cleverly balanced, which has a significant effect on extending the service life of the needle valve assembly 10 and reducing the operating temperature.

[0059] Furthermore, the fixed disk 31 has a shaft hole 312 and multiple first through holes 311, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft hole 312.

[0060] In this embodiment, the fixed plate 31 is equipped with a shaft hole 312, and there are multiple first through holes 311, which are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the shaft hole 312. Specifically, the arrangement of multiple first through holes 311 can increase airflow and improve cooling efficiency, while the interval distribution along the circumference of the shaft hole helps to even out heat distribution, avoid local overheating, thereby reducing the overall operating temperature of the needle valve assembly 10, reducing the potential damage of thermal stress to the assembly, and improving its reliability and service life. Figure 3 As shown, the first through-hole 311 is a circular hole, and the coolant flow rate and heat transfer rate can be controlled by adjusting the diameter. A small-diameter through-hole can increase flow resistance and is suitable for applications requiring precise temperature control; while a large-diameter through-hole is beneficial for increasing coolant flow and quickly removing heat.

[0061] In other embodiments not shown, the first through hole 311 may be configured as an elliptical through hole, a leaf-shaped through hole, a spiral through hole, or a corrugated through hole to adapt to different working conditions and application requirements, and further optimize the cooling and heat insulation effect.

[0062] Furthermore, the heat insulation body 320 has a second shaft hole 322 and multiple second through holes 321, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second shaft hole 322.

[0063] In this embodiment, the heat insulation body 320 also includes a second shaft hole 322, and there are also multiple second through holes 321, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the second shaft hole 322. The arrangement of multiple second through holes 321 can increase airflow and improve air intake efficiency, while the spaced distribution along the circumferential direction of the shaft hole helps to balance the heat distribution and avoid local overheating, thereby reducing the overall operating temperature of the needle valve assembly, reducing the potential damage of thermal stress to the assembly, and improving its reliability and service life.

[0064] Combination Figure 4 As shown, in a specific embodiment of this application, the second through hole 321 can be configured as a trapezoidal structure through hole (fan-shaped through hole) with arc-shaped bottom edges, which is beneficial for guiding the cooling medium to flow along the axial direction. At the same time, the arc-shaped bottom edges can increase lateral diffusion, thereby achieving a more uniform heat transfer and cooling effect.

[0065] Furthermore, the heat insulation element 32 is a diaphragm spring. This not only utilizes its inherent elastic properties to provide stable contact pressure, but also leverages the physical properties of its multi-layered structure to achieve effective thermal insulation. The air gaps between the multiple layers of the diaphragm spring can block the heat conduction path, thereby reducing the direct impact of the high temperature in the combustion chamber on the needle valve assembly.

[0066] Furthermore, the heat insulation element 32 is made of at least one of stainless steel or copper. Utilizing the excellent thermal conductivity and high-temperature resistance of these two metals, heat on the needle valve assembly can be quickly dissipated, further enhancing the cooling effect.

[0067] Furthermore, the needle valve assembly 10 includes a valve seat 11 and a needle valve 12. The valve seat 11 is connected to the air nozzle sleeve 20. The needle valve 12 is movably connected to the valve seat 11, and an air intake passage 100 is formed between the needle valve 12 and the valve seat 11.

[0068] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the valve seat 11 is tightly connected to the nozzle sleeve 20, while the needle valve 12 is movably connected to the valve seat 11. The relative movement between the two forms the intake channel 100 for precise gas injection. By optimizing the structure of the needle valve assembly 10, specifically by adding a heat insulation component 30 at the bottom of the needle valve 12, the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly is effectively reduced, preventing performance degradation or damage caused by high temperatures. However, unlike existing technologies that only indirectly reduce temperature, this solution further proposes a design that completely shields the needle valve from direct contact with the high-temperature combustion chamber gas. This means that even in harsh working environments, the needle valve assembly can be maintained within a safe operating temperature range, significantly extending its service life and improving the overall system reliability and efficiency.

[0069] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the heat insulation element 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the air nozzle sleeve 20.

[0070] CombinationFigure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, since the outer diameter of the heat insulation component 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the air nozzle sleeve 20, a certain air gap is formed between them. The heat insulation component body 320 can achieve communication with the air intake channel 100 at a position away from the fixed plate 31, ensuring that the gas flows smoothly through the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 to the air nozzle 21 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in C2), the gas can also flow to the nozzle 21 through the air gap between the first through hole 311, the heat insulation element 32 and the nozzle sleeve 20 (as shown in C2). Figure 2 As shown in C1), it maintains the normal operating state of the injector. Under specific conditions (e.g., when the combustion chamber is in the power combustion stage), the heat insulation component 32 switches to the blocking state. At this time, the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 are sealed, cutting off the direct connection between the air intake passage 100 and the nozzle 21, significantly isolating the influence of the high temperature of the combustion chamber on the needle valve assembly, and enhancing the thermal protection capability of the assembly.

[0071] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the air nozzle sleeve 20 is larger than the outer diameter of the valve seat 11.

[0072] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the design of the valve stem sleeve 20 having an outer diameter larger than that of the valve seat 11 causes the valve stem sleeve 20 to fit closer to the engine cylinder head 40. With this configuration, the heat generated in the combustion chamber is primarily conducted to the engine cylinder head 40 through the valve stem sleeve 20, rather than directly to the needle valve assembly 10, thus helping to further reduce the temperature of the needle valve assembly. By directing heat to the cylinder head, not only is the thermal load on the needle valve assembly reduced, but it also helps to optimize the overall thermal management of the engine, improving its operating efficiency and durability.

[0073] In another embodiment of this application, an engine is also provided, including a gas injector, which is the gas injector in the above embodiments.

[0074] Specifically, the gas injector includes a needle valve assembly 10, a nozzle sleeve 20, and a heat insulation assembly 30. The needle valve assembly 10 has an air inlet passage 100. The nozzle sleeve 20 is connected to the needle valve assembly 10 and has a receiving space 200 and a nozzle 21. A portion of the needle valve assembly 10 is located within the receiving space 200. The air inlet passage 100 has an air inlet state communicating with the receiving space 200 and a closed state separated from the receiving space 200. The heat insulation assembly 30 is connected to the nozzle sleeve. The system is connected in section 20, with the heat insulation component 30 located within the receiving space 200. The heat insulation component 30 is positioned between the needle valve assembly 10 and the jet nozzle 21. The heat insulation component 30 has both a connected state (connecting the intake passage 100 and the jet nozzle 21) and a blocked state (blocking the connection between the intake passage 100 and the jet nozzle 21). Specifically, when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the intake state, the heat insulation component 30 is in the connected state; when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the closed state, the heat insulation component 30 is in the blocked state. Through this dynamic heat insulation mechanism, the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly 10 is effectively managed, maintaining a relatively stable temperature even under high engine load conditions, thus avoiding potential problems such as material performance degradation, seal failure, and accelerated wear caused by excessively high temperatures.

[0075] In this embodiment, the engine uses hydrogen or natural gas as fuel. By employing this gas injector, the engine can benefit from its improved thermal insulation performance, especially the thermal isolation effect between the needle valve assembly 10 and the nozzle 21. This not only helps to reduce the thermal shock of high temperatures to the needle valve assembly 10, thereby enhancing the overall durability and operational reliability of the gas injector, but also effectively maintains the temperature stability of internal engine components, avoiding performance degradation and potential failures caused by high temperatures. For engines using hydrogen or natural gas as fuel, it better maintains the temperature balance of internal components, preventing performance degradation and potential failures caused by high temperatures, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency and durability of the engine.

[0076] In another embodiment of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including at least one of an engine and a gas injector, wherein the engine is the engine in the above embodiment and the gas injector is the gas injector in the above embodiment.

[0077] In another embodiment of this application, during the operation of the gas injector, when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the air intake state, its internal air intake channel 100 is connected to the receiving space 200 of the nozzle sleeve 20. Gas flows from the air intake channel 100 through the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 to the nozzle 21, thus achieving gas injection. At this time, the heat insulation element 32 of the heat insulation assembly 30 is in the connected state, maintaining a certain distance from the fixed plate 31 to ensure unobstructed gas flow. As the needle valve assembly 10 switches to the closed state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber enters the inner cavity of the nozzle sleeve 20 from the nozzle 21. The lower end pressure P2 of the heat insulation assembly 30 is much greater than the upper end pressure P1. Under the action of the pressure difference, the heat insulation element 32 moves upward and moves to the blocking state under the drive of the guide 33, blocking the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321, effectively blocking the direct connection between the air intake channel 100 and the nozzle 21, and preventing the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber from directly contacting the needle valve assembly 10. During the exhaust stroke of the combustion chamber, the lower pressure P2 of the heat insulation component 30 drops rapidly along with the cylinder pressure, and P1 and P2 are rebalanced. The heat insulation component 30 then moves downwards under its own gravity, reaching the connected state and opening the first through-hole 311. The fixed plate 31 is connected to the valve sleeve 20 and located within the receiving space 200. Its shaft hole 312 and multiple circumferentially spaced first through-holes 311 optimize airflow and improve cooling efficiency. The heat insulation body 320 is connected to the fixed plate 31 via the guide 33. The second shaft hole 322 and multiple circumferentially spaced second through-holes 321 enhance the uniformity of heat distribution, further reducing the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly 10. The outer diameter of the heat insulation component 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve sleeve 20, ensuring its free movement within the receiving space 200. The outer diameter of the valve sleeve 20 is larger than the outer diameter of the valve seat 11, creating additional space for the flow of the cooling medium and improving the cooling effect. The heat insulation component 32 adopts the form of a diaphragm spring, which utilizes its elastic properties to switch between the connected state and the blocked state, effectively blocking the heat conduction path and reducing the impact of high temperature in the combustion chamber on the components.

[0078] Through the above process and structural design, the gas injector, while maintaining efficient gas injection, significantly reduces the operating temperature of the needle valve assembly, improving its reliability and service life, thereby optimizing the overall performance and efficiency of the engine. From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects:

[0079] 1) In another embodiment of this application, during the operation of the gas injector, when the needle valve assembly 10 is in the air intake state, its internal air intake channel 100 is connected to the receiving space 200 of the nozzle sleeve 20. Gas flows from the air intake channel 100 through the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321 to the nozzle 21, thereby achieving gas injection. At this time, the heat insulation element 32 of the heat insulation assembly 30 is in the connected state, maintaining a certain distance from the fixed plate 31 to ensure that the gas flow is not obstructed. As the needle valve assembly 10 switches to the closed state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber enters the inner cavity of the nozzle sleeve 20 from the nozzle 21. The lower end pressure P2 of the heat insulation assembly 30 is much greater than the upper end pressure P1. Under the action of the pressure difference, the heat insulation element 32 moves upward and moves to the blocking state under the drive of the guide 33, blocking the first through hole 311 and the second through hole 321, effectively blocking the direct connection between the air intake channel 100 and the nozzle 21, and preventing the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber from directly contacting the needle valve assembly 10. During the exhaust stroke of the combustion chamber, the pressure P2 at the lower end of the heat insulation component 30 drops rapidly along with the cylinder pressure, P1 and P2 are rebalanced, and the heat insulation component 30 moves downward under its own gravity, moving to the connected state and opening the first through hole 311.

[0080] 2) The outer diameter of the heat insulation component 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the air nozzle sleeve 20, which ensures its free movement within the accommodating space 200. The outer diameter of the air nozzle sleeve 20 is larger than the outer diameter of the valve seat 11, which creates additional space for the flow of the cooling medium and improves the cooling effect.

[0081] 3) The heat insulation component 32 adopts a diaphragm spring, which utilizes its elastic properties to switch between the connected state and the blocked state, effectively blocking the heat conduction path and reducing the impact of high temperature in the combustion chamber on the components.

[0082] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0083] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A gas injector, characterized in that, include: Needle valve assembly (10), the needle valve assembly (10) having an air inlet passage (100); A nozzle sleeve (20) is connected to the needle valve assembly (10). The nozzle sleeve (20) has a receiving space (200) and a jet nozzle (21). A portion of the needle valve assembly (10) is located within the receiving space (200). The air intake passage (100) has an air intake state communicating with the receiving space (200) and a closed state separated from the receiving space (200). A heat insulation component (30) is connected to the air nozzle sleeve (20), the heat insulation component (30) is located in the receiving space (200), the heat insulation component (30) is located between the needle valve assembly (10) and the air nozzle (21), the heat insulation component (30) has a communication state that connects the air intake channel (100) and the air nozzle (21), and the heat insulation component (30) has a blocking state that blocks the communication between the air intake channel (100) and the air nozzle (21); When the needle valve assembly (10) is in the air intake state, the heat insulation assembly (30) is in the communication state; when the needle valve assembly (10) is in the closed state, the heat insulation assembly (30) is in the blocking state. The thermal insulation component (30) includes: A fixed plate (31) is connected to the air nozzle sleeve (20). The fixed plate (31) is located in the receiving space (200). The fixed plate (31) is located between the needle valve assembly (10) and the air nozzle (21). The fixed plate (31) has a first through hole (311). A heat insulation component (32) is connected to the fixed plate (31). The heat insulation component (32) includes a heat insulation component body (320) and the heat insulation component body (320) has a second through hole (321). The guide (33) is arranged around the fixed disk (31) along the circumference of the guide (33), and the heat insulation member (32) is connected to the fixed disk (31) through the guide (33). The guide (33) is movably arranged relative to the fixed disk (31).

2. The gas injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation member (32) is movably disposed relative to the fixed plate (31), the heat insulation member (32) having a communication state in which the air intake channel (100) communicates with the jet nozzle (21) through the first through hole (311) away from the fixed plate (31), and the heat insulation member (32) having a blocking state in which the first through hole (311) is blocked to prevent the air intake channel (100) and the jet nozzle (21) from communicating.

3. The gas injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat insulation element (32) is located at the bottom of the fixed plate (31), and the heat insulation element (32) is disposed at a distance from the fixed plate (31).

4. The gas injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guide (33) drives the heat insulation (32) to reciprocate relative to the fixed plate (31) so that the heat insulation (32) switches between the connected state and the blocked state.

5. The gas injector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat insulation body (320) is connected to the fixed plate (31) via the guide (33). The heat insulation body (320) has a communication state in which the air intake channel (100) communicates with the nozzle (21) through the first through hole (311) and the second through hole (321) away from the fixed plate (31). The heat insulation (32) has a blocking state in which the first through hole (311) and the second through hole (321) are blocked to prevent the air intake channel (100) from communicating with the nozzle (21).

6. The gas injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixed plate (31) has a shaft hole (312), and there are multiple first through holes (311). The multiple first through holes (311) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft hole (312), and / or, the heat insulation body (320) has a second shaft hole (322), and there are multiple second through holes (321). The multiple second through holes (321) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second shaft hole (322).

7. The gas injector according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The heat insulation element (32) is a diaphragm spring, and / or the heat insulation element (32) is made of at least one of stainless steel or copper.

8. The gas injector according to claim 7, characterized in that, The needle valve assembly (10) includes: Valve seat (11), which is connected to the air nozzle sleeve (20); A needle valve (12) is movably connected to a valve seat (11), and the air intake passage (100) is formed between the needle valve (12) and the valve seat (11).

9. The gas injector according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the heat insulation element (32) is smaller than the inner diameter of the air nozzle sleeve (20), and / or the outer diameter of the air nozzle sleeve (20) is larger than the outer diameter of the valve seat (11).

10. An engine comprising a gas injector, characterized in that, The gas injector is the gas injector according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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