Block chain-based bulk commodity upstream and downstream green supply chain circulation management method and system, and program product

Abstract

The invention relates to a supply chain circulation management method, in particular to a block chain-based bulk commodity upstream and downstream green supply chain circulation management method and system and a program product. According to the method, circulation box logistics information is split according to node attributes, and the starting block chain, the transfer block chain and the terminal block chain are respectively constructed, so that the whole process of information is traceable and cannot be tampered. Life cycle carbon emission is recorded and compared in combination with a carbon evaluation side chain, guarantee deposit and carbon emission reduction excitation are automatically settled based on an intelligent contract, the circulation efficiency of a circulation box is effectively improved, carbon emission is reduced, data safety is guaranteed, and the method is suitable for green supply chain management of bulk commodities such as natural rubber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to supply chain circular management methods, and more particularly to a blockchain-based method, system, and program product for green supply chain circular management of upstream and downstream commodities. Background Technology

[0002] Previously, tire manufacturers, rubber processing plants, and upstream and downstream warehousing, port, and transportation links relied heavily on disposable wooden pallets or non-recyclable cardboard boxes for raw material loading, unloading, and storage. This resulted in a waste of timber resources and significant greenhouse gas emissions throughout the entire lifecycle. To reduce carbon footprint, the industry has begun to introduce steel or aluminum reusable containers (also known as turnover boxes or reusable pallets) to replace disposable packaging. However, reusable containers have high asset value, complex turnover paths, and frequent transfers between multiple entities. Without a reliable cross-enterprise information collaboration mechanism, issues such as container loss, low turnover efficiency, and delayed deposit settlement are highly likely to occur.

[0003] Blockchain possesses technological advantages such as decentralization, immutability, transparency, and traceability, thus being considered an effective means to solve the problems of information silos and data tampering in logistics. Early domestic patent CN106022681A proposed a "blockchain-based logistics tracking method," which achieves real-time synchronization and verification of logistics status by writing the package status information throughout the entire process of sending, transferring, and receiving the package into a single private blockchain. Subsequently, patent solutions such as CN109978451A and CN117522248A supplemented the traditional single-chain architecture with functions such as data encryption and cross-border node access to improve security or adapt to international multi-party collaboration scenarios. These works have verified the feasibility of blockchain in logistics scenarios. For the full lifecycle management of reusable packaging, some patents or practical solutions have attempted to use blockchain + IoT technology. Chinese invention patent CN110598882B discloses a "method for recycling recyclable packaging materials," which uses blockchain to record the production-recycling-reuse process to improve recycling reliability. However, it focuses on the management of recycling certificates for single-use packaging and does not provide refined control over the high-frequency turnover of high-value reusable boxes. Chinese invention patent CN117391720B describes a "recyclable plastic traceability system," which can record the entire process of recycled plastic recycling and processing on the blockchain. However, it emphasizes material flow traceability rather than container-level end-to-end performance and deposit settlement.

[0004] In industrial practice, many companies use RFID for automatic identification and inventory management of reusable packaging. Public reports show that a cold chain company embeds RFID + barcode composite tags on reusable boxes, using fixed / handheld readers to automatically collect data on the boxes' entry, exit, and transit status, and generates inventory reports through a backend system. However, such solutions typically store records in a centralized database. If the core server malfunctions or is maliciously modified, the turnover records may become distorted. Furthermore, in cross-enterprise collaboration, the closed-loop operation of each company's internal ERP / WMS makes data interoperability difficult.

[0005] Academics and industry have begun to use blockchain as the infrastructure for carbon asset ownership, trading, and verification. For example, Chinese invention patent CN116703581A proposes a "blockchain-based carbon asset management method and system," which uses a collaborative approach across collection, authentication, storage, and disposal nodes to manage carbon assets in a distributed manner. CN116934061A utilizes blockchain to build a carbon emission management platform, enabling reliable measurement and peer-to-peer trading of carbon emission data. While these solutions provide logic for putting carbon assets on the blockchain and trading, they primarily serve industries with fixed emissions such as power generation, steel, and construction, lacking specificity for diverse and dynamic scenarios consisting of "recycled packaging, logistics nodes, warehousing nodes, and production nodes."

[0006] Recyclable containers frequently enter and exit different nodes, requiring compatibility with both low-cost QR codes and long-range RFID for near-instantaneous passage. The industry commonly affixes composite tags to the outside of the containers, using handheld or access control readers for batch scanning (as seen in the case study "Development and Application of a Recyclable Packaging Management System Based on RFID Technology"). However, if competitors obtain information about logistics location, container number, and time-series data, it could expose a company's production capacity and supply chain dynamics; furthermore, tampering with container numbers or timestamps at hook nodes would compromise the integrity of the traceability chain. Existing technologies often employ database access control or symmetric encryption and signature methods for security, but these still face challenges such as private key leakage, single points of failure, and insufficient scalability in multi-party collaborative environments.

[0007] In logistics blockchain pilot systems, common consensus algorithms include PBFT, Raft, or modified PoA. These algorithms emphasize transaction throughput and latency, but lack dynamic consideration of node green performance or reputation. Although Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) has been widely validated in the public blockchain field, there are very few publicly available reports on schemes that incorporate "carbon emission reduction performance" and "logistics latency" into election weights and dynamically determine guiding nodes. These schemes remain at the conceptual level or the level of public blockchain token incentives, and no data has been found that combines them with specific circular packaging business.

[0008] In summary, while existing technologies have made progress in logistics traceability, circular packaging management, and carbon asset chains, they still cannot meet the comprehensive demands of high concurrency, multi-dimensionality, and integration in the global multi-node green supply chain for high-value raw materials such as bulk natural rubber. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical issues, the present invention aims to provide a blockchain-based method for the circular management of a green supply chain for bulk commodities. This method utilizes multi-chain blockchain and smart contracts to achieve integrated and tamper-proof full lifecycle management of logistics information, carbon emission data, and deposit settlement for bulk commodity recycling containers. This improves turnover efficiency, realizes quantitative incentives for carbon emission reduction, and ensures data security and cross-enterprise collaboration.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A blockchain-based method for the circular management of a green supply chain for bulk commodities includes the following steps: S1 Information Segmentation: Obtain the unique box number c of the circulating box to be turned over, and collect the logistics information generated by the circulating box at the origin node, each transit node and the destination node in real time. Segment the logistics information into origin information, transit information and destination information according to the node attributes. S2 Multi-Chain Parallel Generation: For the same circular bin, separate blockchains are created for originating information, transit information, and destination information. The first block of each blockchain is generated according to the formula: H o =SHA256(c∥t o ∥l o ∥r o ), The calculated genesis block hash value, t o For the genesis timestamp, l o For initial position information, r o The system generates random numbers; S3 Block Appending: When new logistics information is received, a bootstrap node is selected from the pre-established node set according to preset consensus rules. The information to be written is generated into a block, and the block header is appended according to the formula: H n =SHA256(c∥t n ∥l n ∥r n ∥H n-1 ), Calculate the hash value; after verifying the new block, the bootstrap node links it to the end of the corresponding blockchain and broadcasts it to the entire network. S4 Carbon Footprint Recording: Carbon emission data at each stage of the recycling bin's lifecycle are written as metadata into the synchronously generated carbon assessment sidechain, and the difference between the baseline value of a disposable wooden pallet and the actual value of the recycling bin are periodically calculated and uploaded to the chain; S5 Smart Contract Settlement: When the endpoint information is successfully uploaded to the blockchain and the carbon emission reduction threshold meets the preset conditions, the deposit refund and incentive settlement are automatically triggered.

[0011] Preferably, the turnover box is a metal reusable box used for transporting natural rubber or rubber product raw materials, and a composite label compatible with RFID and QR code is affixed to the outer surface of the box to achieve automatic collection of box number c.

[0012] As a preferred option, the guiding node in step S3 is selected as follows: Let the set of all active nodes in the network be... Each node maintains three types of on-chain evaluation metrics: reputation (R) i Cycle carbon emission reduction performance G i Average network latency D i The comprehensive score model is calculated as follows: ; Where α, β, γ: dynamically adjustable weight coefficients of the on-chain governance contract; maxG, maxD: the maximum values ​​of the corresponding indicators within the current evaluation period; Select the k nodes with the highest scores to form a candidate set. A verifiable delay function is used to generate a random seed σ, and the following calculation is performed: leader = σmodk, where mod is the modulo (remainder) operation. The leader node is selected as the guiding node for the current round. .

[0013] Preferably, the current round bootstrap node first constructs a block header based on the data to be written, and then the bootstrap node moves to the candidate node set. Broadcast preparation; upon receiving the broadcast, each candidate node sequentially performs three verifications: verifying the block header hash. Is it correct? Verify if the Merkle root of the block body matches the block header; prove π using zero-knowledge proofs. n Verify random number r n The validity of the block header is verified; after successful verification, each candidate node uses its BLS private key to sign the block header, generating a local signature σ. i And return it to the bootstrap node; The guiding node continuously collects local signatures from candidate nodes. When the number of valid signatures received reaches more than two-thirds of the total number of candidate nodes, all σ signatures are transferred. i Aggregated into a single signature The bootstrap node generates the final block Block={Header,Body=E,sig=Σ} based on this; persists the block to the local ledger and updates the chain height accordingly. Simultaneously, the newly generated block is broadcast to other nodes across the network, completing a reliable chain write operation.

[0014] Preferably, the carbon assessment sidechain adopts a Merkle tree index structure, which supports quick retrieval of life cycle carbon emission data by container number and can be connected to the API of third-party verification agencies.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a circular box blockchain management system for implementing the method, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to collect logistics events and carbon emission indicators generated by the recirculation container at each node in real time. The blockchain service cluster includes a distributed node set, a bootstrapping node selection unit, a hash calculation unit, and a data broadcasting unit; the smart contract module is used to execute deposit management, carbon emission reduction incentives, and anomaly warnings. The external interface module is used to interact with the warehouse management system (WMS), transportation management system (TMS), and carbon verification platform.

[0016] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes a handheld RFID / QR code integrated scanning terminal, which automatically calls the blockchain service cluster to generate and upload the corresponding information block to the chain upon successful scanning; And / or, the distributed node set includes at least production base nodes, port / border nodes, warehouse nodes, factory nodes, and recycle container yard nodes, and supports hot-swapping of nodes; And / or, the system also includes a carbon emission assessment module, which automatically calculates carbon emission reductions based on a lifecycle database and compares the scenario of disposable wooden pallets, and periodically writes the assessment results into the carbon assessment sidechain; And / or, after the smart contract module puts the endpoint information block on the chain, if it detects that the recycling bin is intact and the carbon emission reduction reaches the preset standard, it will automatically settle the turnover deposit and carbon credit reward with each participating node.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention also provides the application of the system in the bulk natural rubber supply chain. The system is seamlessly integrated with rubber storage WMS and tire factory MES to realize full-chain visualization and high-frequency turnover of the circulating box.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method.

[0020] This invention, employing the aforementioned technical solution, addresses the common technical pain points in traditional reusable container management during the high-frequency turnover of bulk commodities (especially high-value raw materials such as natural rubber) between production bases, ports / border crossings, storage centers, and end-user factories. These pain points include "information silos, difficulty in traceability, deposit stagnation, difficulty in quantifying carbon emission reduction, and the risk of data tampering." It proposes a method and system for full lifecycle management of reusable containers based on multi-chain blockchain and smart contracts. Its core technical objective is: 1. Establish a multi-dimensional and trustworthy traceability mechanism: Through the parallel architecture of the "originating chain - transit chain - destination chain", logistics events generated by the circulating box at different nodes are layered and uploaded to the chain to ensure that the box number information is complete and tamper-proof, and to realize the second-level query and rapid verification of the circulating box's circulation status and historical trajectory.

[0021] 2. Improve the efficiency and security of revolving assets: By leveraging composite identification compatible with RFID and QR codes, hot-swappable nodes, and a multi-factor weighted DPoS consensus mechanism, a high-throughput and highly stable write-to-chain network is built to reduce the loss rate of revolving boxes and the deposit holding period, ensuring asset security and timely settlement for all parties.

[0022] 3. Quantify and incentivize carbon emission reduction: Set up a carbon assessment sidechain to record carbon emission data at each stage of the recycling bin's life cycle in real time and dynamically compare it with the benchmark value of disposable wooden pallets; when the emission reduction meets the preset threshold, the smart contract automatically triggers deposit refund and carbon credit reward, forming a sustainable green economic closed loop.

[0023] 4. Enhance data privacy and on-chain security: Employ cryptographic and blockchain security technologies such as homomorphic encryption, true random number-zero knowledge proof, and cross-chain atomic submission to protect commercially sensitive information such as logistics location, prevent data collisions and tampering, and ensure high-level information security in cross-enterprise collaboration.

[0024] 5. Achieve system-level interconnection and industry promotion: Provide standard API interfaces with enterprise WMS / TMS / MES and third-party carbon verification platforms, support the visual management of recycling bins, carbon audits and ESG disclosure, and provide a replicable and scalable technical paradigm for the green transformation of the bulk commodity supply chain.

[0025] By achieving the above objectives, this invention can systematically solve key issues in the green supply chain management of circular containers, such as efficiency, credibility, emission reduction quantification, and privacy security, and significantly improve the economic and environmental benefits of the bulk commodity industry chain. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-layer overall architecture of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] I. Overall Architecture like Figure 1 As shown, the blockchain management system for the circulating bins of the present invention consists of four levels: "intelligent sensing layer", "chain-edge collaboration layer", "blockchain core layer" and "business application layer".

[0030] 1. Intelligent Sensing Layer Composite labeling: A dual-mode label compatible with both RFID UHF electronic tags and high-resolution QR codes is affixed to the outer surface of the metal recycling box.

[0031] Data acquisition terminals include fixed access control readers, handheld scanners, and embedded edge gateways with GNSS / BeiDou positioning capabilities.

[0032] 2. Chain-Edge Collaboration Layer Edge gateway: Responsible for preprocessing, homomorphic encryption, and signing of fields such as container number c, event type, timestamp t, location l, and real-time carbon emissions e.

[0033] Cross-chain coordinator: Runs on an edge server with ≥8 CPU cores and 16GB RAM, executes a two-phase commit + BLS aggregate signature protocol, and realizes the BC protocol of the logistics main chain. log Carbon assessment side chain BC carbon and digital twin sidechain BC twin Atom writing between spaces.

[0034] 3. Blockchain Core Layer 1) Distributed Node Set: Deployed in production bases, ports / border crossings, warehousing centers, tire factories, and reusable container yards. Each node runs a containerized blockchain client, employing multi-factor weighted DPoS consensus, based on node reputation R. i Carbon performance G i Network latency D i Calculate the overall score: ; α, β, and γ can be dynamically adjusted by the governance contract; the top k nodes in terms of score form the current round's bootstrap node cluster.

[0035] 2) Definition of chain structure: Genesis Block Head: ; r0 is generated by a chip-level true random number generator TRNG; New block: ; Where r n The network is proven to have legitimate origins using Σ-protocol zero-knowledge proof.

[0036] 3) Merkle Index: All blocks of the carbon evaluation sidechain are indexed by Merkle tree bin numbers, supporting O(logN) retrieval.

[0037] 4. Business Application Layer WMS / TMS / MES adapter: Provides REST / GraphQL interfaces and supports JSON-LD data format; Life Cycle Carbon Assessment Engine: Calls the ISO14067 / LCA database to compare the baseline value of disposable wooden pallets in real time and outputs the emission reduction difference ΔCO2.

[0038] Incentive and Early Warning Module: When ΔCO2 ≥ the set threshold and the recycling bin is intact, the deposit contract is automatically unlocked and carbon credits are allocated to the node; if the bin is not returned within the time limit or an abnormal location is detected, an abnormal warning contract is triggered.

[0039] II. Implementation Method like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a blockchain-based green supply chain circular management method for bulk commodities, comprising the following steps: S1 Information Splitting: Obtaining the unique box number c of the circulating box to be circulated, and collecting in real time the logistics information generated by the circulating box at the originating node, each transit node, and the destination node, and splitting the logistics information into originating information, transit information, and destination information according to node attributes; S2 Parallel Generation of Multi-Chain: Creating an originating information blockchain, a transit information blockchain, and a destination information blockchain for the same circulating box, wherein the first block of each blockchain is generated according to the formula: H o =SHA256(c∥t o ∥l o ∥r o The calculated genesis block hash value, t o For the genesis timestamp, l o For initial position information, r oThe system generates random numbers; S3 block appending: When new logistics information is received, a guiding node is selected from the pre-established node set according to preset consensus rules, and the information to be written is generated into a block. The block header is appended according to the formula: The hash value is calculated; after verifying the new block, the guiding node links it to the corresponding blockchain tail and broadcasts it to the entire network; S4 Carbon Footprint Recording: Carbon emission data of each stage in the life cycle of the recycling bin are written as metadata into the synchronously generated carbon assessment sidechain, and the difference between the benchmark value of the disposable wooden pallet and the actual value of the recycling bin is periodically calculated and uploaded to the chain; S5 Smart Contract Settlement: When the endpoint information is successfully uploaded to the blockchain and the carbon emission reduction threshold meets the preset conditions, the deposit refund and incentive settlement are automatically triggered.

[0040] The specific steps for implementing this invention will be described in detail below.

[0041] S1 Information Decomposition The following content is geared towards reusable container scenarios that possess RFID / QR code recognition, edge computing, and blockchain writing capabilities.

[0042] 1. Collection and verification of unique container number c 1) Composite logo design Barcode layer: ISO / IEC18004QRCode, content field BOXID=<auto-incrementing serial number>, used for close-range manual verification.

[0043] RFID layer: EPCClass-1Gen-2UHF, 96bit EPC segment is encoded according to company identification code (28) + box type code (24) + box number c (44).

[0044] 2) Read / Write Process The acquisition terminal first reads EPCs in batches using UHF RFID; if the EPC redundancy check code is incorrect or RSSI < threshold, it backtracks to scanning QRCode; the obtained 44-bit box number is mapped to a decimal string, denoted as c; CheckDigit(c) is called to perform MOD-97 remainder verification to ensure that the box number is valid.

[0045] 2. Structure of Original Messages for Logistics Events Each time the loop box passes through node n, the edge gateway generates a raw message: Where: c: unique box number, 64-bit integer; n: node identifier (UUIDv4), distinguishing multiple devices in the same geographical location; t: UnixEpoch millisecond-level timestamp; l: triplet , which are latitude, longitude, and elevation respectively; s: event status code (enumeration of loading, unloading, warehousing, warehousing, maintenance, etc.); ψ: optional business payload (key-value pairs such as temperature and humidity, quality, energy consumption, battery power, etc.).

[0046] 3. Node Attribute Determination and Classification Function 3.1 Node Metadata Table The system pre-maintains a node metadata table in the governance contract. Among them, the types are: origin / transfer / destination; : The geofence of a node, defined in WGS-84 coordinate circles (center point + radius) or polygon format.

[0047] 3.2 Classification Function

[0048] Among them, E i : No. i The original message; n: node identifier in the message; N: node metadata table; type: node business role enumeration.

[0049] If the returned value is unknown, an anomaly warning contract is triggered; the contract can choose to cache it and classify it after manual confirmation.

[0050] 4. Construction of origin / transfer / destination information blocks The system maintains three message buffer queues respectively. ; Algorithm flow: 1) Real-time monitoring of MQTT / Box / {C} topics or WebSocket streams; 2) For each E i Call class(E) i ); 3) Write the message to the corresponding queue: Origin → transit → , destination → ; 4) When the queue length or time window meets the on-chain write threshold, it is packaged into an information block: ; Among them, superscript Indicates information category; : The set of message indexes to be written in this batch; different categories of blocks with the same box number c are written to their respective chains.

[0051] 5. Time Consistency and Out-of-Order Correction There is a risk of out-of-order uploads when multiple nodes upload simultaneously; therefore, the system uses a logical clock. synchronous: ; in, : The current timestamp of this node; : Timestamp of the most recent block in the same box on the chain; δ: Minimum time resolution (default 1ms). If Then use before writing the chain. Replace its timestamp and append the original timestamp field t to the block body. raw In order to facilitate subsequent audits.

[0052] 6. Error Detection and Fault Tolerance Missing node information: If Not here Furthermore, if the GPS coordinates are within a known fence, the system automatically completes 'n' and records 'auto_filled=true'; Duplicate reporting: If two consecutive messages are on the same node, have the same status code, and... These are considered jitter and are merged into one line; Anomaly in coordinate offset: using the Haversine distance formula ; Where R: Earth's average radius is 6371 km; , : Latitude and longitude of two consecutive messages; if The system was flagged as "physical boundary violation," triggering a locking process.

[0053] Through the above steps, the original logistics event can be reliably divided into origin information, transit information and destination information in the S1 stage, providing a structured and highly complete data foundation for subsequent multi-chain parallel generation (S2) and block appending (S3).

[0054] S2 multi-chain parallel generation The following gives the "originating chain BC" of the same cycle box c. o ", "Transit Chain BC t “,“Endpoint chain BC” d "The complete process of creating and initializing three chains in parallel."

[0055] 1. Logical Views and Chain Identifiers 1) Business chain mapping BC o (Original Chain) records all events from the first binning to the interval from the starting node; BC t (Transit Chain) records transit events across ports / warehouses / transportation modes; BC d (Endpoint Chain) records events such as unloading, verification, and empty return after reaching the end node.

[0056] 2) Chain Identifier (CID): ; Where, c—the unique box number of the circulation box; — Chain type enumeration.

[0057] The calculated 256-bit CID is used as the network channel, database table, and index prefix for the three chains to ensure physical isolation of data across different chains with the same box number.

[0058] 2. Genesis Block Generation Algorithm 2.1 Data Preparation When box number c first appears in chain α during phase S1, the edge gateway immediately captures the following field: t o —Genesis timestamp (ms); o —Initial coordinates ;r o —A 128-bit truly random number, generated by TRNG and accompanied by a zero-knowledge proof π in the block. o .

[0059] 2.2 Hash Calculation ; in, — Chain α genesis block hash; α — chain type constant, which can take the byte string "orig", "trans" or "dest" to prevent collisions between different chain hashes.

[0060] 2.3 The code for implementing the block header structure is as follows: struct BlockHeader { uint8 version = 1; bytes32 cid; / / Chain identifier CID_α uint32 chain Idx; / / Fixed at 0 to represent genesis bytes32 hashPrev; / / 0x0…0 (Genesis without a predecessor) uint64 ts; / / t0 bytes32 rand; / / r0 bytes32 hashBody; / / Merkle root of body bytes32 hashSelf; / / H0^α } 2.4 Block Content The first block contains only one initialization event, INIT: ; Where, π o —Proof r oDerived from TRNG, it meets the randomness test.

[0061] 2.5 Writing to Chains and Broadcasting The edge gateway calls the local gRPC interface CreateGenesis(CID_α,Header,Body); after the blockchain client verifies the signature, it writes the data to the local LevelDB / RocksDB; the GENESIS_ACK message is broadcast to all nodes on the same chain via Lipp2pPubSub, thus completing the genesis process.

[0062] 3. Parallel Chain Management Strategy 3.1 Independent Ledger + Cross-Chain Reference Each chain maintains its own contiguous block height h. α At genesis (0); if a chain needs to quickly locate the latest state of other chains, a field can be added to the block body: ; Use it as a lightweight reference to avoid storing a full-chain copy.

[0063] 3.2 Write Parallelism When a node receives information blocks of different categories with the same box number: 1) Determine the CID; 2) Deliver the data to a separate write chain thread pool Pool_α; 3) Use event loop + batch submission method to increase TPS to ≥1500tx / s.

[0064] 3.3 Data Consistency Because genesis is generated independently on the three chains, an out-of-order sequence may occur, where the intermediate chain appears before the originating chain. The system verifies the chain order validity using the following rules: ; If a violation is detected (e.g.) If the intermediate chain's genesis is not completed, it will be marked as a "prepared block" and will be recalculated after the originating chain is completed. .

[0065] 4. Subsequent new block addition interfaces New block header hash ; Among them, t n —The timestamp of the nth block; l n — Coordinate; r n —New random number; —The hash of a block on the same chain.

[0066] New blocks are written through a two-phase commit process that bootstraps the cluster of nodes (see S3), which will not be elaborated here.

[0067] Through the above process, the genesis block can be generated and subsequently expanded in three independent blockchains within the same circular box. The parallel chain structure not only ensures high throughput and low coupling, but also maintains global consistency through cross-chain references and order validity verification, laying a reliable ledger foundation for subsequent carbon assessment and smart contract settlement.

[0068] S3 block appended The following process uses multi-factor weighted DPoS consensus as an example to describe the entire process from selecting the bootstrap node, constructing blocks, hash calculation, to appending to the end of the chain and broadcasting to the entire network.

[0069] 1. Leader Selection 1) Node set Let the set of active nodes in the entire network be defined. Each node maintains three types of on-chain evaluation metrics: reputation (R) i (0–1), Cyclic carbon reduction performance G i (kgCO2e), average network latency D i (ms); 2) Comprehensive scoring model ; Where α, β, γ: dynamically adjustable weight coefficients of the on-chain governance contract; maxG, maxD: the maximum value of the corresponding indicator within the current evaluation period (normalization factor).

[0070] 3) Guiding cluster determination Select the k nodes with the highest scores to form a candidate set. A random seed σ is generated using a verifiable delay function (VDF), and the following calculation is performed: leader = σmodk; where mod is the modulo operation; from The leader node is selected as the guiding node for the current round. .

[0071] 2. Block Assembly 1) Event Packaging The bootstrap node retrieves a timestamp-sorted set of messages from the write queue of its chain. ; 2) Random number generation Obtain a 128-bit true random number r using a chip-level TRNG. n Simultaneously generate zero-knowledge proofs for π. n .

[0072] 3) Merkle root calculation We obtain M by recursively calculating the hash sequence of E and concatenating the hashes pairwise. n=MerkleRoot(E).

[0073] 4) Block header field code version = 1 Chain ID = CID_α height = hα + 1 prevHash = H_{n-1}^α ts = t_n rand = r_n merkle = M_n.

[0074] 5) Block header hash ; Where, c—the unique box number of the circulation box; t n —The Unix millisecond-level timestamp generated by the new block; n —Coordinate triplet of the first message in this event set ;r n —True random number generated by the chip; —The hash of a block on the same chain.

[0075] 3. Consensus and Chain Writing (Two-Phase Commit + BLS Aggregated Signature) 1) Preparation stage The current round's bootstrap node first constructs a block header (BlockHeader) based on the data to be written, and then moves the bootstrap node to the candidate node set. Broadcast PREPARE (BlockHeader); upon receiving it, each candidate node performs three checks in sequence: verifying the block header hash. Is it correct? Verify if the Merkle root of the block body matches the block header; prove π using zero-knowledge proofs. n Verify random number r n The validity of the block is verified. After successful verification, each candidate node uses its BLS private key to sign the block header, generating a local signature σ. i And return it to the guiding node.

[0076] 2) Submission Stage The guiding node continuously collects local signatures from candidate nodes. When the number of valid signatures received reaches more than two-thirds (≥⅔) of the total number of candidate nodes, all σ... i Aggregated into a single signature The bootstrap node generates the final block Block={Header,Body=E,sig=Σ} based on this; persists the block to the local ledger and updates the chain height accordingly. Simultaneously, the newly generated block is broadcast to other nodes across the network, completing a reliable chain write operation.

[0077] 3) Failure handling If the signature threshold is not reached within the timeout ΔT, the role of the guiding node will be deferred to the next node. The next person in the sequence will begin preparations again.

[0078] 4. Chain tail addition and broadcasting 1) Tail link Verify immediately after writing the chain Ensure continuity; trigger rollback if chain breaks.

[0079] 2) Broadcast across the entire network The NEWBLOCK(Block) message is sent via the Libp2pPubSub topic / block / CID_α; upon receiving it, the non-bootstrap node verifies Σ, the block header hash and the Merkle root using the same logic → persists → updates the local chain height.

[0080] Through the aforementioned process of selecting bootstrap nodes, two-phase commit, and BLS aggregated signatures, each "originating / intermediate / ending chain" can safely and quickly append new blocks in a high-concurrency environment; block header hash The calculation and chain tail link ensure a globally immutable chain structure, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent carbon assessment and deposit settlement.

[0081] S4 Carbon Footprint Record This step is in "Carbon Assessment Side Chain BC" carbon The process involves comparing the lifecycle carbon emissions (Actual, A) of the recyclable container with the baseline emissions (B) of a disposable wooden pallet, and recording the difference ΔCO2 on the blockchain as the trigger for subsequent incentives. The process is implemented in three layers: carbon data collection → carbon event on-chain recording → periodic baseline difference calculation and writing to the blockchain.

[0082] 1. Carbon Data Acquisition 1) Classification of emission sources E_mfg: Energy and materials consumed during the manufacturing or maintenance of the circulation tank; E_trp: Fuel / electricity consumption for each transport segment; E_whs: Energy consumption for forklifts, lighting, etc. during warehousing is allocated per box; E_end: End-of-life emissions from the scrapping or remanufacturing of the enclosure.

[0083] 2) Carbon factor library Sidechain Oracle pre-integrated ISO14083 / GLEC Framework emission factor table: Where mode represents the mode of transportation, energy represents the type of electricity / oil, and material represents the type of metal material.

[0084] 3) Segment emission calculation formula For each transport event j: ; Where, m c - Weight of the circulation box (kg); d j - This distance (km); f "mode",j -Emission factor per unit mass-kilometer of the corresponding transportation mode (kgCO2e / t·km).

[0085] For manufacturing / maintenance event k: in, - Energy consumption (kWh or L); -Additional material mass (kg).

[0086] The system calculates the aforementioned E value in real time at the edge gateway and generates a "carbon event message". ; where type ∈ {MFG,TRP,WHS,END}; meta records factor ID and data source.

[0087] 2. Carbon event on-chain (sidechain writing) 1) Merkle index Construct key = SHA256(c‖t‖ type); then (key, E i As a leaf node, it is periodically written in batches to BC_carbon to update the Merkle root of the entire chain.

[0088] 2) Block header extension Add a cumulative emissions field to the carbon side chain block header: ; Among them, A n - The cumulative actual emissions (kgCO2e) up to the nth block of the circulation tank.

[0089] 3) Zero-knowledge protection If E involves commercially sensitive energy consumption, it should be published using a Pedersen commitment. and submitted Bulletproofπ i Prove E i Falling into the legal range, only [the following] remain on the chain. With π i .

[0090] 3. Calculation of Base Value for Disposable Wooden Pallets 1) Baseline Model ; in, - Emissions per use of wooden pallets (kgCO2e), provided by the LCA database; m p - Average weight of wooden pallets (kg); other symbols are the same as above.

[0091] 2) Dynamic parameter acquisition If the transportation route and distance d j Similar to the recycling bins, they can be reused directly; if wooden pallets require additional disposal (incineration / landfill), then additional end-of-pipe emissions (E) will be added. disp .

[0092] 3) Records on the reference chain Oracle periodically calls BaselineUpdate(c,B) to write to a separate partition of the carbon sidechain, with the following fields: .

[0093] 4. Calculation and chain writing of the benchmark difference ΔCO2 1) Scheduled tasks Set a period ΔT (default 24h) in the governance contract to trigger Carbon Reconcile(c).

[0094] 2) Difference Formula ; A - Latest cumulative actual emissions from the side chain; B - Latest baseline emissions.

[0095] 3) Trusted writing Generate a difference event; If the chain code CARBON_D is F, it is written to BC_carbon, and the hash H(D) is referenced across chains to the corresponding block of BC_log / BC_dst, which facilitates fast retrieval by the business layer.

[0096] 4) Smart contract hooks when (The threshold is set by governance) triggers the deposit refund and carbon credit contract Reward(c,\Delta\text{CO}_2).

[0097] 5. Anomaly and Verification Mechanism 1) Data integrity like If the difference from the original sensor measurement is greater than 5%, the CARBON_AUDIT event is triggered and the reward is locked.

[0098] 2) Third-party verification interface Provides the / api / v1 / carbon / {c}REST endpoint, which returns the BoxID, Merkle proof path, and Bulletproof; the verification agency can write AUDIT_OK or AUDIT_FAIL back to the sidechain after off-chain verification.

[0099] 3) Rollback strategy If the verification fails, the contract will automatically deduct the issued carbon credits and backtrack the ΔCO2 record.

[0100] Through the above steps, the system can continuously and reliably record the carbon emissions of the reusable container throughout its entire life cycle and dynamically compare them with the benchmark of disposable wooden pallets; the difference ΔCO2 is automatically written to the blockchain and cross-referenced with the business blockchain, providing a quantitative and tamper-proof basis for deposit refunds and carbon credit incentives.

[0101] S5 Smart Contract Settlement This step implements three types of on-chain contracts on an Ethereum-compatible execution environment (or Hyperledger Fabric chaincode):

[0102] The overall timing sequence is given first, followed by a detailed explanation of the core algorithm and formulas.

[0103] 1. Overall timing ① The originating Node calls EscrowBox.lock(c, depositor, D) o → Deposit locked; ② Carbon events are continuously written to BC_carbon → CarbonReward.update(c, E i ); ③ Write BC_dest.NewBlock(type=UNLOAD, status=GOOD) to the endpoint node; ④ The Relayer listens for the event and triggers SettlementHub.settle(c); ⑤ SettlementHub verification ΔCO2≥θ→ •EscrowBox.release(c, depositor) / / Refund deposit •CarbonReward.mint(c,beneficiaries) / / Calculates the indices; ⑥ The result event SettlementHub.Settled(c, ΔCO2,reward) is broadcast.

[0104] 2. Key state variables D o- Original deposit (currency unit), A - Cumulative actual emissions from the recirculation tank (already maintained in BC_carbon), B - Baseline emissions from a single wooden pallet, ΔCO2 - Emission reduction difference (BA), θ - Carbon emission reduction threshold (adjustable under governance contract), λ - Carbon credit conversion factor (credits / kgCO2e), q - Tank damage factor (0 <q≤1),GOOD=1,MINOR_DAMAGE=0.8…。

[0105] 3. Settlement Triggering Conditions The endpoint completes the BC_dest new block, which contains a type of UNLOAD and a status ∈ {GOOD, MINOR_DAMAGE}. Cross-chain reading of ΔCO2 to achieve emission reduction targets requires meeting certain conditions. Where θ: treatment parameter, default 1.5kg CO2e / box / batch.

[0106] 4. Deposit Refund Logic Refund amount Where R: refundable deposit; q: box integrity coefficient, GOOD=1; if damage is detected, the endpoint node will provide a value between 0.5 and 1 based on the damage_level correspondence table on the chain of the automatic weighing / visual inspection system. The EscrowBox contract checks the depositor address and locked balance of box number c, and calls transfer(R) to return the deposit; if the box is lost and status=LOST, the contract will transfer the deposit to the governance fund.

[0107] 5. Carbon Credit Reward Algorithm Reward Points ;in ; λ: Integral conversion factor, default 0.8 point / kgCO2e; ΔCO2: Actual emission reduction obtained from formula (1); P: Carbon credits to be issued this time.

[0108] Allocation rules (may be adjusted based on governance voting): 60% → Transportation / warehousing nodes (weighted average score based on node rating) 30% → Owner of the recycling box 10% → Green Fund Pool; The CarbonReward contract mints credits to beneficiary accounts through the ERC-20 compatible interface mint(address, uint256).

[0109] 6. Key points for implementing the SettlementHub contract 1) Cross-chain verification The on-chain authenticity of ΔCO2 is verified using a lightweight Merkle proof; the endpoint block header signature (BLS aggregate signature Σ) and chain height are verified.

[0110] 2) Atomic settlement The internal calls to EscrowBox.release and CarbonReward.mint are placed in the same transaction; if either step fails, the entire process is rolled back to prevent state transitions between "deposit refund successful / points issuance failed".

[0111] 3) Upgradeability SettlementHub is deployed in EIP-2535 Diamond mode, which facilitates subsequent adjustments to the reward formula or the introduction of a staking mechanism.

[0112] 7. Abnormalities and Penalties

[0113] Through the atomized on-chain execution path of "endpoint block triggering → ΔCO2 verification → deposit refund → carbon credit allocation", this invention realizes an automatic, real-time, and tamper-proof value settlement mechanism after the recycling bin is completed, thereby eliminating manual verification and settlement delays, and truly forming a green supply chain closed loop "with carbon emission reduction as the core incentive".

[0114] III. Typical Implementation Example: Zhongce Rubber - CIMC Recycling Box Blockchain Pilot Project This example, based on actual business parameters from February to May 2025 between the two parties on the "Thailand Natural Rubber - Hangzhou Tire Factory" trunk line, demonstrates the comprehensive technical effects of this invention on efficiency, emission reduction, and reliable settlement.

[0115] 1. Pilot Scope and Sample

[0116] 2. System Deployment Chain nodes: 2 at the production base (Thailand), 2 at the port, 1 at the bonded warehouse, 2 at the Hangzhou tire factory, and 1 at the recirculating container yard, totaling 8 full nodes, all participating in DPoS consensus.

[0117] Initial contract parameters: deposit D0 = 200 CNY / box, emission reduction threshold θ = 1.5 kg CO2e / box·trip, and point conversion λ = 0.8 point / kg CO2e.

[0118] 3. Data Acquisition During Operation 10 logistics events: 126,560 blocks generated (20,000 originating, 86,560 transiting, and 20,000 ending). Average write latency was 178ms; maximum latency was 490ms (during network jitter).

[0119] 2) Carbon emissions The cumulative actual emissions from the side chain are A = 1006 tCO2e. The baseline single-use pallet emissions are B = 1384 tCO2eB. The difference ΔCO2 = BA = 378 tCO2e. ΔCO2 / box·trip ≈ 1.89 kgCO2e ≥ θ (threshold 1.5), satisfying the incentive condition.

[0120] 4. Smart contract automatic settlement results 1) Deposit The endpoint blocks UNLOAD / GOOD account for 19,876 blocks, MINOR_DAMAGE for 92 blocks, BROKEN for 25 blocks, and LOST for 7 blocks.

[0121] The total amount of deposit refunded according to formula (2): R sum =19876×200+92×(200×0.8)=4021360CNY. On-chain settlement time of the system Average time: 3 minutes (from the end point being on the blockchain to the deposit being credited to the account).

[0122] The traditional manual reconciliation process takes an average of 18 days, which has been reduced by 94%.

[0123] 2) Carbon Integrity Calculate the integral due according to formula (3). P = λ(ΔCO2 - θ × 20000) = 0.8 × (378000 − 30000) = 279000 pts. Allocation: Transportation / storage nodes 167400 pts; Recycling container owners 83700 pts; Green Fund 27900 pts. Points can be used to offset future transportation service fees or converted into voluntary emission reductions (VERs) on the ESG platform.

[0124] 5. Compare technical indicators

[0125] 6. Security and Compliance Verification 1) Location privacy: All 1.11 million coordinates Enc(L) have been verified by Pedersen, and no plaintext location was obtained by third-party penetration testing.

[0126] 2) Carbon data audit: The independent auditing agency SGS calls the on-chain API to recalculate ΔCO2 for 300 random samples from the bins. The error is ≤2.8%, and the audit result AUDIT_OK is written back to the sidechain.

[0127] 3) Random number validity: Bulletproofs passed 100% of the test, and no r was detected. n Reuse.

[0128] 7. Summary of Technical Results 1) High-efficiency turnover—multi-chain parallelism + DPoS chain writing improves real-time inventory accuracy by two orders of magnitude and reduces the amount of frozen deposit funds occupied by RMB 38.4 million per day.

[0129] 2) Significant emission reduction - Each box saves an average of 1.89 kg CO2e per trip, with a total emission reduction of 378 t CO2e during the pilot period, equivalent to the annual carbon absorption of 2,320 mature trees.

[0130] 3) Trustworthy incentive closed loop—deposits and carbon credits are settled on the blockchain in seconds, completely eliminating disputes such as manual verification across companies and discrepancies between accounts and actual assets.

[0131] 4) Security and compliance—Zero-knowledge proofs and notarized blockchain snapshots ensure no single point of tampering; SGS audit confirms the data is complete and reliable, and can be directly used for ESG disclosure.

[0132] The foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention, through which those skilled in the art are able to implement or use the present invention, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelty disclosed herein.

[0133] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0134] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0135] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0136] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0137] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0138] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0139] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include temporary computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for the circular management of a green supply chain for bulk commodities, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1 Information Segmentation: Obtain the unique box number c of the circulating box to be turned over, and collect the logistics information generated by the circulating box at the origin node, each transit node and the destination node in real time. Segment the logistics information into origin information, transit information and destination information according to the node attributes. S2 Multi-Chain Parallel Generation: For the same circular bin, separate blockchains are created for originating information, transit information, and destination information. The first block of each blockchain is generated according to the formula: H o =SHA256(c∥t o ∥l o ∥r o The calculated genesis block hash value, t o For the genesis timestamp, l o For initial position information, r o The system generates random numbers; S3 Block Appending: When new logistics information is received, a bootstrap node is selected from the pre-established node set according to preset consensus rules. The information to be written is generated into a block, and the block header is appended according to the formula: H n =SHA256(c∥t n ∥l n ∥r n ∥H n-1 The system calculates the hash value; after verifying the new block, the guiding node links it to the end of the corresponding blockchain and broadcasts it to the entire network. S4 Carbon Footprint Recording: Carbon emission data at each stage of the recycling bin's lifecycle are written as metadata into the synchronously generated carbon assessment sidechain, and the difference between the baseline value of a disposable wooden pallet and the actual value of the recycling bin are periodically calculated and uploaded to the chain; S5 Smart Contract Settlement: When the endpoint information is successfully uploaded to the blockchain and the carbon emission reduction threshold meets the preset conditions, the deposit refund and incentive settlement are automatically triggered.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turnover box is a metal reusable box used for transporting natural rubber or rubber product raw materials, and a composite label compatible with RFID and QR code is affixed to the outer surface of the box to achieve automatic collection of box number c.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the selection of the guiding node is as follows: Let the set of active nodes in the entire network be... Each node maintains three types of on-chain evaluation metrics: reputation Cycle carbon emission reduction performance Average network latency The comprehensive score model is calculated as follows: ； Where α, β, γ: dynamically adjustable weight coefficients of the on-chain governance contract; maxG, maxD: the maximum values ​​of the corresponding indicators within the current evaluation period; Pick The node with the highest score forms the candidate set. A verifiable delay function is used to generate a random seed σ, and the following calculation is performed: leader = σ mod k, where mod is the modulo operation; from The first one was selected Node number is the current round's guiding node. .

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The current bootstrap node first constructs the block header based on the data to be written, and then moves the bootstrap node to the candidate node set. Broadcast preparation; upon receiving the broadcast, each candidate node sequentially performs three verifications: verifying the block header hash. Is it correct? Verify that the Merkle root of the block body matches the block header; use zero-knowledge proofs. Verify random number r n The validity of the block header is verified; after successful verification, each candidate node uses its BLS private key to sign the block header, generating a local signature σ. i And return it to the bootstrap node; The guiding node continuously collects local signatures from candidate nodes. When the number of valid signatures received reaches more than two-thirds of the total number of candidate nodes, all σ signatures are transferred. i Aggregated into a single signature The bootstrap node generates the final block Block={Header,Body=E,sig=Σ} based on this; persists the block to the local ledger and updates the chain height accordingly. Simultaneously, the newly generated block is broadcast to other nodes across the network, completing a reliable chain write operation.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon assessment sidechain adopts a Merkle tree index structure, which supports quick retrieval of lifecycle carbon emission data by bin number and can be connected to the API of third-party verification agencies.

6. A circular box blockchain management system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect real-time data on logistics events and carbon emission indicators generated by the recirculation container at each node. A blockchain service cluster includes a distributed node set, a bootstrap node selection unit, a hash calculation unit, and a data broadcasting unit; The smart contract module is used to implement deposit management, carbon emission reduction incentives, and anomaly alerts. The external interface module is used to interact with the warehouse management system (WMS), transportation management system (TMS), and carbon verification platform.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes a handheld RFID / QR code integrated scanning terminal. Upon successful scanning, it automatically calls the blockchain service cluster to generate and upload the corresponding information block to the chain. And / or, the distributed node set includes at least production base nodes, port / border nodes, warehouse nodes, factory nodes, and container yard nodes, and supports hot-swapping of nodes; And / or, the system also includes a carbon emission assessment module, which automatically calculates carbon emission reductions based on a lifecycle database and compares the scenario of disposable wooden pallets, and periodically writes the assessment results into the carbon assessment sidechain; And / or, after the smart contract module puts the endpoint information block on the chain, if it detects that the recycling bin is intact and the carbon emission reduction reaches the preset standard, it will automatically settle the turnover deposit and carbon credit reward with each participating node.

8. The application of the system according to claim 5 in the bulk natural rubber supply chain, characterized in that, The system seamlessly integrates with rubber storage WMS and tire factory MES, enabling full-chain visualization and high-frequency turnover of the circulating boxes.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-5.

Images