A lithium battery thermal runaway gas accommodation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway gas accommodation device and method, which comprises a gas accommodation device main body, a top cover installed on the top of the gas accommodation device main body, a powder accommodation chamber arranged in the gas accommodation device main body, a liquid cavity formed between the powder accommodation chamber and the gas accommodation device main body, a gas-solid separation membrane installed in the powder accommodation chamber, a first air inlet system arranged in the gas accommodation device main body, an air outlet arranged on the top cover, a plurality of groups of activated carbon gas resistance plates, a second air inlet system arranged in the powder accommodation chamber, and a connecting pipe installed on the top of the powder accommodation chamber and connected with the first air inlet system. The application provides a passive thermal runaway gas control means for a lithium battery system, fills the technical gap in the current gas treatment field, and guarantees the healthy development of the new energy industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery safety technology, and in particular to a device and method for absorbing thermal runaway gas in lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices, lithium batteries are widely used as energy carriers in various industries. Thermal runaway disasters caused by abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging and short circuits in lithium batteries release large amounts of flammable and toxic gases. Once these gases accumulate, they can easily cause explosions, seriously threatening personnel safety and equipment integrity. Current fire prevention, heat insulation, and fire extinguishing designs mainly focus on cooling and preventing battery thermal runaway, lacking effective means to absorb and treat the gases released during lithium battery thermal runaway, making it difficult to suppress gas diffusion and secondary hazards.

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention provides a device and method for eliminating thermal runaway gases from lithium batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for absorbing thermal runaway gas from lithium batteries, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device, comprising: The main body of the gas digestion device, with a top cover installed on the top of the main body of the gas digestion device; A powder disposal chamber is provided inside the main body of the gas disposal device, and a liquid cavity is formed between the powder disposal chamber and the main body of the gas disposal device. A gas-solid separation membrane is installed inside the powder disposal chamber. The first air intake system is arranged inside the main body of the gas absorption device, and the top cover is provided with an air outlet. An activated carbon gas barrier plate, wherein several groups of activated carbon gas barrier plates are arranged in an array within the liquid cavity. The second air intake system is arranged in the powder disposal chamber. The air intake end of the second air intake system extends through the side wall of the main body of the gas disposal device. A connecting pipe is installed on the top of the powder disposal chamber and is connected to the first air intake system. The liquid cavity is filled with liquid.

[0006] According to the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device provided by the present invention, the powder disposal chamber includes a first annular surrounding plate, a second annular surrounding plate, and a funnel-shaped top plate. The first annular surrounding plate and the second annular surrounding plate are coaxially arranged, the second annular tube is disposed between the first annular surrounding plate and the second annular surrounding plate, the funnel-shaped top plate is installed on the top of the second annular surrounding plate, and the gas-solid separation membrane is disposed between the second annular surrounding plate and the funnel-shaped top plate.

[0007] According to the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device provided by the present invention, the first air intake system includes a first annular pipe, which is disposed in the liquid chamber, and a plurality of first air intake pipes are fixedly connected to the first annular pipe at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0008] According to the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device provided by the present invention, the second air intake system includes a second annular pipe, the second annular pipe is fixed between the first annular plate and the second annular plate, a second air intake pipe is fixed on the second annular pipe, a conveying pipe is installed on the second annular pipe, the conveying pipe extends through the side wall of the main body of the gas disposal device, one end of the connecting pipe is fixed to the top of the funnel-shaped top plate, and the other end is connected to the second annular pipe.

[0009] According to the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device provided by the present invention, a plurality of first air inlet pipes are arranged in a spiral structure.

[0010] According to the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device provided by the present invention, a one-way valve is installed on the delivery pipe.

[0011] According to the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device provided by the present invention, a pressure gauge is installed on the delivery pipe.

[0012] A method for eliminating thermal runaway gases from lithium batteries includes the following steps: Step 1, Gas Introduction and Preliminary Solid-Gas Separation: The mixed gas generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium battery is introduced into the powder disposal chamber through the second gas intake system of the device. When the mixed gas flows in the powder disposal chamber, it first passes through the gas-solid separation membrane to filter out solid particulate impurities carried in the gas. At the same time, the disposal powder in the powder disposal chamber comes into contact with the gas and preliminarily adsorbs some of the harmful components in the gas, completing the first round of gas pretreatment. Step two involves secondary gas treatment and gas-liquid contact. The gas, after preliminary treatment, enters the first air intake system through the connecting pipe at the top of the powder disposal chamber. The first air intake system guides the gas into the liquid chamber, which is filled with a special disposal liquid. After the gas enters, it comes into full contact with the liquid. The liquid dissolves or chemically reacts with the soluble harmful components in the gas. At the same time, multiple sets of activated carbon gas barrier plates in the liquid chamber further adsorb the harmful gases that have not been treated by the liquid, thus achieving deep gas purification. Step 3: Purified gas discharge and device maintenance. The gas that has completed deep purification gradually rises in the liquid chamber, passes through the gaps between the activated carbon gas baffles, and is finally discharged through the gas outlet on the top cover of the main body of the gas digestion device. Regularly check the liquid level and purity of the digestion liquid in the liquid chamber and replenish or replace the liquid in time. At the same time, regularly replace the digestion powder in the powder digestion chamber to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the device.

[0013] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: The device employs a multi-stage treatment process, including solid-gas separation, powder adsorption, liquid treatment, and deep adsorption with activated carbon. The gas-solid separation membrane first filters out solid impurities to prevent subsequent clogging; the powder and specialized liquid are used to treat different types of harmful gases respectively; finally, the activated carbon gas barrier further adsorbs residual harmful components, significantly reducing the gas's hazard.

[0014] This invention employs a nested design for the powder disposal chamber and liquid chamber, forming an orderly gas flow path through connecting pipes and a dual-intake system. This ensures that the gas fully contacts each processing unit, eliminating short circuits or untreated dead zones. Simultaneously, the array arrangement of multiple activated carbon gas-blocking plates extends the gas residence time in the liquid chamber and increases the adsorption area, further improving the gas disposal efficiency per unit time.

[0015] The core consumables of this invention are easy to replace or replenish, requiring no disassembly of complex structures. The gas-solid separation membrane also reduces wear and tear on subsequent components, lowering maintenance frequency and costs. This design allows the device to maintain stable energy absorption capacity during long-term use, adapting to the potential thermal runaway risk during the long-term service of lithium batteries.

[0016] This invention effectively reduces the direct emission of toxic and flammable gases into the environment through multi-stage absorption of thermal runaway gases, avoiding the risks of explosions and poisoning caused by gas leaks and reducing pollution to the surrounding environment. The device has a fully enclosed structure, further enhancing safety during use and making it suitable for various applications such as battery energy storage and electric vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first annular surrounding plate of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the powder disposal chamber of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the powder disposal chamber of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main body of the gas digestion device of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 100 is the main body of the gas digestion device; 101 is the conveying pipe; 102 is the gas outlet; 201 is the second air inlet pipe; 202 is the powder digestion chamber; 203 is the gas-solid separation membrane; 301 is the funnel-shaped top plate; 302 is the connecting pipe; 303 is the first air inlet pipe; and 304 is the activated carbon gas barrier plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-6 This invention provides a lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device, comprising: A gas absorption device body 100, the top of which is equipped with a top cover; Powder disposal chamber 202 is disposed inside the main body 100 of the gas disposal device, and a liquid cavity is formed between the powder disposal chamber 202 and the main body 100 of the gas disposal device. A gas-solid separation membrane 203 is installed inside the powder disposal chamber 202. The first air intake system is arranged inside the main body 100 of the gas absorption device, and the top cover is provided with an air outlet 102. Activated carbon gas barrier plate 304, wherein several groups of activated carbon gas barrier plates 304 are arranged in an array within the liquid cavity. The second air intake system is arranged inside the powder disposal chamber 202. The air intake end of the second air intake system extends through the side wall of the gas disposal device body 100. A connecting pipe 302 is installed on the top of the powder disposal chamber 202 and is connected to the first air intake system. The liquid cavity is filled with liquid.

[0023] In a further optimized scheme, the powder disposal chamber 202 includes a first annular surrounding plate, a second annular surrounding plate, and a funnel-shaped top plate 301. The first annular surrounding plate and the second annular surrounding plate are coaxially arranged, and the second annular pipe is arranged between the first annular surrounding plate and the second annular surrounding plate. The funnel-shaped top plate 301 is installed on the top of the second annular surrounding plate, and the gas-solid separation membrane 203 is arranged between the second annular surrounding plate and the funnel-shaped top plate 301.

[0024] The powder disposal chamber 202 forms a layered space through the coaxial cooperation of the first annular surrounding plate, the second annular surrounding plate, and the funnel-shaped top plate 301. After the gas containing powder enters the interior of the second annular surrounding plate, the gas can penetrate the gas-solid separation membrane 203 between it and the funnel-shaped top plate 301 and enter the annular channel between the first and second annular surrounding plates. The powder is trapped because its particle size is larger than the membrane pores. The trapped powder gathers downward under the guidance of the inclined structure of the funnel-shaped top plate 301 and is discharged through the bottom, realizing the powder disposal. The separated clean gas is then transported to the subsequent stage along the annular channel.

[0025] In a further optimized design, the first air intake system includes a first annular pipe, which is disposed within the liquid chamber, and a plurality of first air intake pipes 303 are fixedly connected to the first annular pipe at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0026] The first air intake system uses a first annular pipe located inside the liquid cavity as the core air path. Gas supplied by an external air source first enters the annular pipe, and then is diverted to different positions in the liquid cavity through several first air intake pipes 303 that are evenly distributed circumferentially through the annular pipe, so as to achieve uniform circumferential distribution of gas. The first air intake pipes 303 adopt a spiral structure, and the gas rises in the liquid along the spiral trajectory, which can prolong the residence time of the gas in the liquid and increase the gas-liquid contact area, ultimately enhancing the mass transfer efficiency (such as dissolution and reaction) between gas and liquid.

[0027] In a further optimized design, the second air intake system includes a second annular pipe, which is fixed between the first annular plate and the second annular plate. A second air intake pipe 201 is fixed on the second annular pipe, and a delivery pipe 101 is installed on the second annular pipe. The delivery pipe 101 extends through the side wall of the gas absorption device body 100. One end of the connecting pipe 302 is fixed to the top of the funnel-shaped top plate 301, and the other end is connected to the second annular pipe.

[0028] The second air intake system achieves bidirectional gas regulation through a second annular pipe fixed between the first and second annular enclosures. External gas can enter the second annular pipe through the delivery pipe 101 passing through the side wall of the main body of the device, and then be delivered to the annular channel through the second air intake pipe 201. At the same time, the clean gas in the powder disposal chamber 202, after being filtered by the gas-solid separation membrane 203, will flow back to the second annular pipe through the connecting pipe 302 at the top of the funnel-shaped top plate 301, mix with the external supplementary gas, and then be redistributed. The one-way valve on the delivery pipe 101 can prevent the gas from flowing back into the annular channel, and the pressure gauge monitors the pressure in the pipe in real time, together ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0029] Further optimization of the design involves arranging several first air intake pipes 303 in a spiral structure.

[0030] To further optimize the design, a one-way valve is installed on the delivery pipe 101.

[0031] To further optimize the design, a pressure gauge is installed on the delivery pipe 101.

[0032] The one-way valve operates based on the one-way conduction structure of the valve core (such as spring type or ball valve type). When the gas pressure in the delivery pipe 101 is higher than the pressure in the second annular pipe, the valve core is pushed open to allow gas to pass through. Conversely, it closes under the action of pressure difference and spring force, realizing one-way gas delivery and preventing backflow. The pressure gauge relies on the deformation characteristics of the internal elastic element to convert the gas pressure in the delivery pipe 101 into the deformation of the elastic element, and then converts it into pointer rotation through mechanical transmission. Finally, the pressure is displayed in real time in the form of scale, which is convenient for monitoring the system pressure status.

[0033] A method for eliminating thermal runaway gases from lithium batteries includes the following steps: Step 1, Gas Introduction and Preliminary Solid-Gas Separation: The mixed gas generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium battery is introduced into the powder disposal chamber 202 through the second gas intake system of the device. When the mixed gas flows in the powder disposal chamber 202, it first passes through the gas-solid separation membrane 203 to filter out solid particulate impurities carried in the gas. At the same time, the disposal powder in the powder disposal chamber 202 comes into contact with the gas and preliminarily adsorbs some of the harmful components in the gas, completing the first round of gas pretreatment. Step two: Secondary gas treatment and gas-liquid contact. The gas that has undergone preliminary treatment enters the first air intake system through the connecting pipe 302 at the top of the powder disposal chamber 202. The first air intake system guides the gas into the liquid chamber, which is filled with a special disposal liquid. After the gas enters, it comes into full contact with the liquid. The liquid dissolves or chemically reacts with the soluble harmful components in the gas. At the same time, multiple sets of activated carbon gas barrier plates 304 in the liquid chamber further adsorb the harmful gases that have not been treated by the liquid, thereby achieving deep purification of the gas. Step 3: Purified gas discharge and device maintenance. The gas that has completed deep purification gradually rises in the liquid chamber, passes through the gap between the activated carbon gas baffles 304, and is finally discharged through the gas outlet 102 on the top cover of the main body 100 of the gas disposal device. Regularly check the liquid level and purity of the disposal liquid in the liquid chamber and replenish or replace the liquid in time. At the same time, regularly replace the disposal powder in the powder disposal chamber 202 to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the device.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0035] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium battery thermal runaway gas containment device, characterized by, include: The main body (100) of the gas digestion device is equipped with a top cover; A powder disposal chamber (202) is disposed inside the main body (100) of the gas disposal device. A liquid cavity is formed between the powder disposal chamber (202) and the main body (100) of the gas disposal device. A gas-solid separation membrane (203) is installed inside the powder disposal chamber (202). The first air intake system is arranged inside the main body (100) of the gas absorption device, and the top cover is provided with an air outlet (102). Activated carbon gas barrier plate (304), wherein several groups of activated carbon gas barrier plates (304) are provided, and several groups of activated carbon gas barrier plates (304) are arranged in an array in the liquid cavity; The second air intake system is arranged in the powder disposal chamber (202). The air intake end of the second air intake system extends through the side wall of the gas disposal device body (100). A connecting pipe (302) is installed on the top of the powder disposal chamber (202) and the connecting pipe (302) is connected to the first air intake system. The liquid cavity is filled with liquid; The powder disposal chamber (202) includes a first annular surrounding plate, a second annular surrounding plate, and a funnel-shaped top plate (301). The first annular surrounding plate and the second annular surrounding plate are coaxially arranged. The second annular tube is arranged between the first annular surrounding plate and the second annular surrounding plate. The funnel-shaped top plate (301) is installed on the top of the second annular surrounding plate. The gas-solid separation membrane (203) is arranged between the second annular surrounding plate and the funnel-shaped top plate (301). The first air intake system includes a first annular pipe, which is disposed in the liquid chamber, and a plurality of first air intake pipes (303) are fixedly connected to the first annular pipe at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The second air intake system includes a second annular pipe, which is fixed between the first annular plate and the second annular plate. A second air intake pipe (201) is fixed on the second annular pipe, and a delivery pipe (101) is installed on the second annular pipe. The delivery pipe (101) extends through the side wall of the gas absorption device body (100). One end of the connecting pipe (302) is fixed to the top of the funnel-shaped top plate (301), and the other end is connected to the second annular pipe. Several of the first air intake pipes (303) are arranged in a spiral structure.

2. The lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A one-way valve is installed on the delivery pipe (101).

3. The lithium battery thermal runaway gas disposal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure gauge is installed on the delivery pipe (101).

4. A method for absorbing thermal runaway gas from a lithium battery, based on the lithium battery thermal runaway gas absorption device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Gas introduction and preliminary solid-gas separation. The mixed gas generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium battery is introduced into the powder disposal chamber (202) through the second gas intake system of the device. When the mixed gas flows in the powder disposal chamber (202), it first passes through the gas-solid separation membrane (203) to filter out solid particulate impurities carried in the gas. At the same time, the disposal powder in the powder disposal chamber (202) comes into contact with the gas and preliminarily adsorbs some of the harmful components in the gas, thus completing the first round of gas pretreatment. Step 2: Secondary gas treatment and gas-liquid contact. The gas that has undergone preliminary treatment enters the first air intake system through the connecting pipe (302) at the top of the powder disposal chamber (202). It is then guided by the first air intake system into the liquid chamber, which is filled with a special disposal liquid. After the gas enters, it comes into full contact with the liquid. The liquid dissolves or chemically reacts with the soluble harmful components in the gas. At the same time, multiple sets of activated carbon gas barrier plates (304) in the liquid chamber further adsorb the harmful gases that have not been treated by the liquid, thereby achieving deep purification of the gas. Step 3: Purified gas discharge and device maintenance. The gas that has completed deep purification gradually rises in the liquid chamber, passes through the gap between the activated carbon gas baffles (304), and is finally discharged through the gas outlet (102) on the top cover of the main body (100) of the gas disposal device. Regularly check the liquid level and purity of the disposal liquid in the liquid chamber and replenish or replace the liquid in time. At the same time, regularly replace the disposal powder in the powder disposal chamber (202) to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the device.

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