A cover gas multifunctional purification system and method

Abstract

A multifunctional purification system and method for covered gas includes a liquid metal container, a condensation recovery device, a transition pipeline, a staged filtration device, an inverted U-shaped pipeline, and a wet reaction and adsorption device. The exhaust port of the liquid metal container is connected to the condensation recovery device. The outlet of the condensation recovery device is connected to the inlet of the staged filtration device via the transition pipeline, which has a valve. The outlet of the staged filtration device is connected to the inlet of the wet reaction and adsorption device via the inverted U-shaped pipeline. The method includes the following steps: S1: Liquid metal vapor condenses on the inner wall of the condenser and flows back into the liquid metal container; S2: The condensed gas is passed into the staged filtration device; S3: Residual liquid metal vapor, acidic gases, and moisture are removed. This invention can perform multifunctional and efficient purification of liquid metal vapor and oxide particles in the exhaust of a covered gas system through physical condensation, staged filtration, chemical reaction dissolution, and adsorption, ensuring the safety of the system and the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid metal technology, and more specifically to a multifunctional gas purification system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid metal-cooled reactors are one of the Generation IV advanced reactor types, possessing advantages such as high inherent safety and high economic efficiency. To prevent the oxidation of liquid metals (such as sodium, lead, and lead-bismuth alloys) upon contact with air, which would generate solid oxide impurities and affect the normal and safe operation of the system, protective gases are introduced at the free liquid surfaces of multiple devices in the liquid metal system to form a covering gas space. During the operation of the liquid metal test device, the covering gas needs to be purged and vented to adjust parameters such as the liquid level and pressure at the free liquid surfaces of the devices. Since the operating temperature of the liquid metal test device can reach up to 550℃, the covering gas contains pollutants such as high-temperature volatilized liquid metal vapor and its oxide particles. If not purified, its release can lead to problems such as pipeline and equipment blockage and environmental pollution.

[0003] This paper proposes a multifunctional purification system and method for covered gases. This system integrates multiple purification mechanisms, enabling efficient and synergistic purification of liquid metal vapors and oxide particles in covered gases through physical condensation, staged filtration, chemical reaction dissolution, and adsorption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional purification system and method for covered gas, which can perform multifunctional and efficient purification of liquid metal vapor and oxide particles in the exhaust gas of the covered gas system through physical condensation, graded filtration, chemical reaction dissolution and adsorption, etc., ensuring the safety of the system and the environment.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a multifunctional gas purification system, comprising a liquid metal container, a condensation recovery device, a transition pipeline, a graded filtration device, an inverted U-shaped pipeline, and a wet reaction and adsorption device; the exhaust port of the liquid metal container is connected to the condensation recovery device; the outlet of the condensation recovery device is connected to the inlet of the graded filtration device through the transition pipeline, the transition pipeline having a valve, and the outlet of the graded filtration device is connected to the inlet of the wet reaction and adsorption device through the inverted U-shaped pipeline.

[0006] All horizontally arranged pipelines in the transition pipeline are provided with an inclination slope of more than 3°, sloping towards the condensation recovery device.

[0007] Temperature-controlled electric heating tape and insulation layer are installed on the transition pipeline to regulate the gas temperature at the inlet of the staged filtration device within the range of 180±10℃.

[0008] After the inverted U-shaped pipe is led out from the outlet of the graded filter device, it first extends vertically upward to form a climbing pipe section, climbing to the set highest point. At the highest point, the inverted U-shaped pipe extends into a straight pipe section, and then bends and extends vertically downward to form a descending pipe section, which finally connects to the air inlet pipe of the wet reaction and adsorption device. Valves are arranged on the straight pipe section.

[0009] Temperature and pressure measuring instruments are installed at the inlet of the tiered filtration device, and pressure measuring instruments are installed at the outlet.

[0010] The vent of the liquid metal container is connected to the condensation recovery device via a short vertical pipe, which is equipped with a valve.

[0011] The condensation recovery device includes a condenser tube, which is vertically installed and has a segmented temperature control device and a segmented temperature measuring instrument on its outer wall; the segmented temperature measuring instrument measures the temperature of the tube wall in different areas.

[0012] The inner wall of the condenser tube is provided with a spiral guide groove or fin structure to enhance condensation and flow.

[0013] Quick-connect mechanisms are installed at the inlet and outlet of the condenser tube.

[0014] The segmented temperature control device divides the condenser tube into a high-temperature section, a condensation section, and a low-temperature section from bottom to top. The segmented temperature control device uses multiple independently temperature-controlled electric heating tapes, which are spirally wound around different sections of the condenser tube.

[0015] The tiered filtration device is internally divided into a lower primary filtration chamber and an upper secondary filtration chamber by a tube sheet. The side wall of the primary separation cylinder is equipped with a tangential air inlet pipe, and a dust collection hopper is located at the bottom. An automatic dust discharge valve is installed below the dust collection hopper. A hole is opened on the central axis of the tube sheet and connected to the primary filtration outlet pipe, so that the primary filtration chamber and the secondary filtration chamber can communicate. The filter element is fixed in the secondary filtration cylinder by a lower vent plate and an upper vent plate. Several air holes are opened on the lower vent plate and it is fixed to the upper flange with screws. An exhaust pipe is provided on the upper side wall of the secondary filtration cylinder.

[0016] The primary filtration uses centrifugal filtration, and the secondary filtration uses cartridge filtration.

[0017] The filter element is made of PTFE membrane filter media, which can filter submicron-sized metal oxide particles.

[0018] Monitor the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the tiered filtration device. Replace the filter element when the pressure difference exceeds the set value.

[0019] The wet reaction and adsorption device includes an inlet pipe and a cylinder containing a reaction solution. The inlet pipe is located at the bottom of the cylinder and extends upward below the surface of the reaction solution. An orifice plate is provided above the inlet pipe, with several air holes on the inlet pipe and the orifice plate. A drain pipe is located at the bottom of the cylinder. A baffle plate is located above the liquid level of the reaction solution in the cylinder. A liquid addition pipe is provided on the side wall of the cylinder. The adsorption layer is located above the baffle plate and is fixed to the support ring by screws. An exhaust pipe is located at the top of the cylinder and has a gas component monitoring instrument on it.

[0020] As the gas flows out of the vent of the inlet pipe, it breaks into several bubbles, which then continue to disperse into several bubbles after flowing upward through the orifice plate.

[0021] The drain pipe has a valve that connects to the waste liquid treatment system, which periodically neutralizes, settles, and solidifies the waste liquid inside the cylinder.

[0022] Connect the exhaust pipe to the matching hydrogen monitoring and treatment system.

[0023] The baffle is a multi-stage baffle, consisting of multiple stainless steel plates welded to the inner wall of the cylinder at an angle of 30° to 60° on one side, arranged in two layers, alternating between the upper and lower sections.

[0024] The reaction solution is poured into the cylinder to a certain height through the liquid filling pipe, with the liquid level above the orifice plate and below the baffle plate.

[0025] The adsorption layer is made of molecular sieve material.

[0026] When the liquid metal in the liquid metal container is liquid sodium, the reaction solution is deionized water or a low-concentration organic acid solution; when the liquid metal is a liquid lead-bismuth alloy, the reaction solution is an oxidizing acid solution.

[0027] A multifunctional gas purification method includes the following steps:

[0028] S1: Open the valve on the vertical short pipe. The covering gas in the liquid metal container enters the condensation recovery device through the vertical short pipe. Through segmented temperature control, the liquid metal vapor carried in the exhaust gas is orderly condensed on the inner wall of the condenser tube and flows back to the liquid metal container by gravity.

[0029] S2: Open the valve on the transition pipeline and pass the condensed gas into the staged filtration device to first separate and remove larger dust particles, and then remove submicron solid particles.

[0030] S3: Open the valve on the inverted U-shaped pipeline to pass the filtered gas into the wet reaction and adsorption device to remove residual liquid metal vapor, and then remove acidic gas and moisture through the baffle plate and adsorption layer.

[0031] The significant advantages of this invention are:

[0032] (1) A condensation recovery device is installed at the exhaust port of the covered gas. Through segmented temperature control, the liquid metal vapor entrained in the exhaust gas is orderly condensed on the inner wall of the condenser tube and flows back to the liquid metal container by gravity.

[0033] (2) Set up a graded filtration device to perform graded physical filtration of larger dust particles and submicron solid particles in the covered air.

[0034] (3) Set up a wet reaction and adsorption device to further react and dissolve the residual liquid metal vapor in the covering gas, and to deeply adsorb and purify the gas. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-functional air purification system.

[0036] Figure 1 The markings and their corresponding component names are as follows:

[0037] 1-Liquid metal container, 1-1-Vertical short pipe, 2-Condensation recovery device, 3-Transition pipe, 4-Graded filtration device, 5-Inverted U-shaped pipe, 5-1-Climbing pipe section, 5-2-Straight pipe section, 5-3-Downflow pipe section, 6-Wet reaction and adsorption device, 6-1-Inlet pipe.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the condensation recovery device 2;

[0039] Figure 2 The markings and their corresponding component names are as follows:

[0040] 2-1-Condenser, 2-2-Segmented temperature control device, 2-3-Segmented temperature measuring instrument.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the spiral guide groove structure of condenser tube 2-1;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the finned structure of condenser tube 2-1;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the graded filtration device 4;

[0044] Figure 5 The markings and their corresponding component names are as follows:

[0045] 4-1-Inlet pipe, 4-2-First stage separator cylinder, 4-3-Dust collection hopper, 4-4-First stage filter outlet pipe, 4-5-Tube sheet, 4-6-Second stage filter cylinder, 4-7-Filter element, 4-8-Lower vent plate, 4-9-Screw, 4-10-Upper flange, 4-11-Upper vent plate, 4-12-Exhaust pipe.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the lower vent plate 4-8;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the upper ventilated plate 4-11;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wet reaction and adsorption device 6;

[0049] Figure 8 The markings and their corresponding component names are as follows:

[0050] 6-1-Inlet pipe, 6-2-Orifice plate, 6-3-Liquid baffle, 6-4-Adsorption layer, 6-5-Screw, 6-6-Support ring, 6-7-Reaction solution, 6-8-Liquid addition pipe, 6-9-Cylinder body, 6-10-Exhaust pipe, 6-11-Liquid drain pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application; therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0052] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of one or more embodiments of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in one or more embodiments of this application and in the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” used in one or more embodiments of this application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0053] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this application, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this application, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first.

[0054] The specific technical content of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings;

[0055] A high-efficiency, multi-functional gas purification system includes a liquid metal container 1, a condensation recovery device 2, a transition pipeline 3, a staged filtration device 4, an inverted U-shaped pipeline 5, and a wet reaction and adsorption device 6.

[0056] The exhaust port of the liquid metal container 1 is connected to the condensation recovery device 2 through a vertical short pipe 1-1, and a valve is provided on the vertical short pipe 1-1; the outlet of the condensation recovery device 2 is connected to the inlet of the staged filtration device 4 through a transition pipe 3, and a valve is provided on the transition pipe 3. Temperature measuring instruments and pressure measuring instruments are arranged at the inlet of the staged filtration device 4; all horizontally arranged pipes in the transition pipe 3 are provided with an inclination slope of more than 3° towards the condensation recovery device 2 to prevent liquid and dust accumulation.

[0057] The outlet of the staged filtration device 4 is connected to the inlet of the wet reaction and adsorption device 6 via an inverted U-shaped pipe 5. A pressure measuring instrument is installed at the outlet of the staged filtration device 4. After the inverted U-shaped pipe 5 is led out from the outlet of the staged filtration device 4, it first extends vertically upward to form a climbing pipe section 5-1, climbing to the set highest point. The vertical drop of this highest point relative to the normal liquid level of the wet reaction and adsorption device 6 should not be less than 300mm, so as to form an effective physical liquid seal and prevent the liquid in the wet reaction and adsorption device 6 from flowing back into the staged filtration device 4. At the highest point, the inverted U-shaped pipe 5 extends into a straight pipe section 5-2, and then bends vertically downward to form a descending pipe section 5-3, which finally connects to the air inlet pipe 6-1 of the wet reaction and adsorption device 5. A valve is arranged on the straight pipe section 5-2.

[0058] The condensation recovery device 2 includes a condenser tube 2-1, a segmented temperature control device 2-2, and a segmented temperature measuring instrument 2-3. The condenser tube 2-1 is vertically arranged, with the segmented temperature control device 2-2 and the segmented temperature measuring instrument 2-3 on its outer wall, and a spiral guide groove on its inner wall to enhance condensation and guide flow. Figure 3 ) or fins ( Figure 4 The structure includes a segmented temperature measuring instrument 2-3 that measures the wall temperature of different areas of the condenser tube 2-1, and a segmented temperature control device 2-2 that divides the condenser tube 2-1 into at least three temperature control zones from bottom to top: a high-temperature zone, a condensation zone, and a low-temperature zone.

[0059] The segmented temperature control device 2-2 can use multiple independently temperature-controlled electric heating tapes, spirally wound around different sections of the outer wall of the condenser tube, to achieve precise temperature control in combination with the temperature of the insulation layer and the tube wall. In the low-temperature section, it can assist with air-cooled or water-cooled coils to enhance the cooling effect. Alternatively, a jacket can be installed outside the condenser tube to divide it into several cavities, through which heat transfer oil or cooling water at different temperatures can be introduced for heating / cooling.

[0060] Taking liquid sodium vapor with a dew point of ~150℃ as an example:

[0061] High-temperature section: Control the temperature between 250℃ and 200℃;

[0062] Condensation section: The temperature is controlled to gradually decrease from 200℃ to 120℃;

[0063] Low temperature range: Temperature controlled between 100℃ and 80℃;

[0064] The high-temperature section has a control temperature slightly lower than the initial temperature of the covering gas when it enters, but higher than the dew point of the metal vapor, to pre-cool the gas; the control temperature gradient of the condensation section decreases and crosses the dew point of the metal vapor, so that the vapor molecules contact the pipe wall and condense stably into a liquid film, and flow downward along the pipe wall under the action of gravity; the control temperature of the low-temperature section is kept below the dew point of the metal vapor to ensure the condensation of residual vapor and enhance the reflux power.

[0065] Taking liquid lead-bismuth alloy as an example, at the typical operating temperature of the liquid lead-bismuth system (e.g., 400℃), its vapor pressure is extremely low, and the amount of metal vapor entrained in the covering gas is very small. However, tiny lead-bismuth droplets in aerosol form become the main pollutants. Therefore, the condensation recovery device 2 needs to solidify, capture, and recover the lead-bismuth alloy aerosol droplets, controlling the pipe wall temperature to be below the melting point of the lead-bismuth alloy by ~125℃. This allows the entrained droplets to quickly solidify, adhere, and aggregate when they collide with the cooler pipe wall, eventually falling off and flowing back under gravity. The inner wall of the condenser tube 2-1 can be roughened to provide more solidification nucleation points, while retaining the spiral guide groove or fin structure to guide the detached material to slide directionally. By setting quick-connect mechanisms (clamps or flanges) at the inlet and outlet of the condenser tube 2-1, the condensation recovery device 2 is made more removable, allowing it to be completely removed from the system during maintenance for offline melting and recovery of the lead-bismuth alloy on its inner wall. The segmented temperature control settings are as follows:

[0066] High-temperature section: The temperature is controlled between 200℃ and 150℃ to pre-cool the high-temperature gas;

[0067] Condensation section: The temperature is controlled between 100℃ and 80℃, and most of the droplets are condensed and captured.

[0068] Low temperature section: The temperature is controlled at ~60℃ for deep condensation and purification.

[0069] The graded filtration device 4 includes an air inlet pipe 4-1, a primary separation cylinder 4-2, a dust collection hopper 4-3, a primary filter outlet pipe 4-4, a tube sheet 4-5, a secondary filter cylinder 4-6, a filter element 4-7, and an exhaust pipe 4-12.

[0070] The graded filtration device 4 is internally divided into a lower primary filtration chamber and an upper secondary filtration chamber by a tube sheet 4-5. The primary filtration uses centrifugal filtration. The side wall of the primary separation cylinder 4-2 is equipped with a tangential air inlet pipe 4-1, and a dust collection hopper 4-3 is located at the bottom. An automatic dust discharge valve is installed below the dust collection hopper 4-3 for periodic dust recovery. An opening is made on the central axis of the tube sheet 4-5 and connected to the primary filtration outlet pipe 4-4, allowing communication between the primary and secondary filtration chambers. The secondary filtration uses cartridge filtration. The filter element 4-7 is connected to the lower permeable plate 4-8 (see...). Figure 5 ) and upper ventilated plate 4-11 (see Figure 6 The filter element 4-7 is fixed in the secondary filter housing 4-6. Several air holes are opened on the lower vent plate 4-8, and four screw holes are arranged on its outer periphery. It is fixed to the upper flange 4-10 by screws 4-9, making it easy to disassemble and replace. Simultaneously, as the gas passes through the air holes of the lower vent plate 4-8, the gas is diverted to ensure a uniform flow to the filter element, enhancing the filtration effect. The material of the filter element 4-7 is PTFE-coated filter media capable of filtering submicron-sized metal oxide particles. An exhaust pipe 4-12 is provided on the upper side wall of the secondary filter housing 4-6. The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the tiered filtration device 4 is monitored; when the pressure difference exceeds the set value, an automatic alarm is triggered, and the filter element 4-7 is replaced.

[0071] The gas temperature entering the staged filtration device 4 should be controlled within a suitable temperature window: the upper temperature limit is determined by the material of the PTFE membrane filter media, and its long-term operating temperature should not exceed 200℃ to prevent damage to the filter media due to high temperatures; the lower temperature limit is determined by the composition of the gas to be treated, and should be higher than the dew point or melting point temperature of the residual liquid metal vapor in the gas to prevent vapor from condensing or solidifying on the filter cartridge surface, causing blockage and chemical corrosion, while also avoiding the deliquescence and caking of metal oxide particles due to excessively low temperatures, which would affect the dust removal effect. Therefore, a temperature-controlled electric heating tape and insulation layer are installed on the transition pipeline 3, and precise temperature control is achieved in conjunction with the pipe wall temperature to regulate the gas temperature at the inlet of the staged filtration device 4 within the temperature range of 180±10℃.

[0072] The wet reaction and adsorption device 6 includes: an inlet pipe 6-1, an orifice plate 6-2, a baffle plate 6-3, an adsorption layer 6-4, a cylinder 6-9, and an exhaust pipe 6-10. The cylinder 6-9 contains a reaction solution 6-7. The inlet pipe 6-1 is located at the bottom of the cylinder 6-9 and extends upwards below the surface of the reaction solution 6-7. An orifice plate 6-2 is located above the inlet pipe 6-1. Several vents are opened on the inlet pipe 6-1 and the orifice plate 6-2. As the gas flows out from the vents of the inlet pipe 6-1, it breaks into several bubbles. After flowing upwards through the orifice plate 6-2, it continues to disperse into several bubbles, increasing the reaction area and improving purification efficiency through bubbling. The exhaust pipe 6-11 is located at the bottom of the cylinder 6-9 and has a valve connected to a waste liquid treatment system. This system periodically neutralizes, precipitates, and solidifies the waste liquid inside the cylinder 6-9.

[0073] The baffle plate 6-3 is located above the liquid level of the reaction solution 6-7 inside the cylinder 6-9. The baffle plate 6-3 is a multi-stage baffle plate, which is made of multiple stainless steel plates with an inclination angle of 30° to 60° and fully welded to the inner wall of the cylinder 6-9 on one side. The upper and lower layers are arranged in an alternating manner. When the gas carrying liquid droplets passes through the baffle plate 6-3 from bottom to top, the flow direction changes multiple times. The entrained liquid droplets collide with the surface of the baffle plate 6-3 due to inertia, adhere to it and gather into larger droplets, and flow back into the cylinder 6-9, thus achieving efficient removal of entrained liquid droplets and acid mist.

[0074] The side wall of the cylinder 6-9 is provided with a liquid filling pipe 6-8. The reaction solution 6-7 is poured into the cylinder 6-9 to a certain height through the liquid filling pipe 6-8. The liquid level is above the orifice plate 6-2 and below the baffle plate 6-3.

[0075] The adsorption layer 6-4 is located above the baffle plate 6-3 and is fixed to the support ring 6-6 by screws 6-5 for easy disassembly and replacement. The adsorption layer 6-4 is preferably made of molecular sieve material, such as 4A or 13X molecular sieve. 4A molecular sieve has excellent selectivity for water molecules, enabling deep drying; 13X molecular sieve, in addition to absorbing water, also has excellent adsorption capacity for larger polar molecules (such as NOx). The exhaust pipe 6-10 is located at the top of the cylinder 6-9 and is equipped with a gas composition monitoring instrument.

[0076] When the liquid metal is liquid sodium, the reaction solution 6-7 is deionized water or a low-concentration organic acid solution, preferably deionized water. Liquid sodium and its oxides react with deionized water to produce sodium hydroxide solution and hydrogen gas. The exhaust pipe 6-10 needs to be connected to the matching hydrogen monitoring and treatment system to ensure the hydrogen gas is safely diluted or eliminated. Simultaneously, a pH meter and conductivity meter are installed to monitor the sodium hydroxide concentration. When the concentration reaches a set threshold, the waste liquid is discharged into the treatment system through the drain pipe 6-11, and deionized water is added through the replenishment pipe 6-8. The molecular sieve for the adsorption layer should preferably be type 4A, which has extremely high selectivity and adsorption capacity for water molecules and can also physically adsorb some hydrogen gas.

[0077] When the liquid metal is a liquid lead-bismuth alloy, the reaction solution 6-7 is an oxidizing acid solution, preferably a dilute nitric acid solution with a concentration of 5% to 15%. Dilute nitric acid can oxidize lead and bismuth into soluble nitrates, while generating acidic nitrogen oxides (NOx) gas. Therefore, the molecular sieve of the adsorption layer should preferably be of type 13X, which can synergistically and efficiently adsorb acidic NOx gas and water vapor, achieving deep purification under a single adsorption layer.

[0078] A method for a high-efficiency, multi-functional air purification system:

[0079] S1: Open the valve on the vertical short pipe 1-1. The covering gas in the liquid metal container 1 enters the condensation recovery device 2 through the vertical short pipe 1-1. Through segmented temperature control, the liquid metal vapor carried in the exhaust gas is orderly condensed on the inner wall of the condenser tube and flows back to the liquid metal container 1 by gravity.

[0080] S2: Open the valve on the transition pipeline 3 and pass the condensed gas into the graded filtration device 4. First, centrifugal separation removes larger dust particles, and then filter cartridges remove submicron solid particles.

[0081] S3: Open the valve on the inverted U-shaped pipe 5 to pass the filtered gas into the wet reaction and adsorption device 6. The residual liquid metal vapor is removed by the reaction solution, and then the acidic gas and moisture are removed by the baffle plate and adsorption layer.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0083] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0085] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are merely illustrative of this application. The optional embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this application. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this application to better explain the principles and practical applications of this application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize this application.

Claims

1. A multi-functional purification system for covering gas, characterized by: It includes a liquid metal container (1), a condensation recovery device (2), a transition pipeline (3), a graded filtration device (4), an inverted U-shaped pipeline (5), and a wet reaction and adsorption device (6); the exhaust port of the liquid metal container (1) is connected to the condensation recovery device (2); the outlet of the condensation recovery device (2) is connected to the inlet of the graded filtration device (4) through the transition pipeline (3), and there is a valve on the transition pipeline (3); the outlet of the graded filtration device (4) is connected to the inlet of the wet reaction and adsorption device (6) through the inverted U-shaped pipeline (5).

2. The multifunctional air purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: All horizontally arranged pipes in the transition pipeline (3) are provided with an inclination slope greater than 3°, sloping towards the condensation recovery device (2).

3. The multifunctional air purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A temperature-controlled electric heating tape and an insulation layer are installed on the transition pipeline (3) to regulate the gas temperature at the inlet of the graded filtration device (4) within the temperature range of 180±10℃.

4. The multifunctional air purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the inverted U-shaped pipe (5) is led out from the outlet of the graded filter device (4), it first extends vertically upward to form a climbing pipe section (5-1), climbing to the set highest point. At the highest point, the inverted U-shaped pipe (5) extends a straight pipe section (5-2), and then bends vertically downward to form a descending pipe section (5-3), and finally connects to the air inlet pipe (6-1) of the wet reaction and adsorption device (6). A valve is arranged on the straight pipe section (5-2).

5. The multifunctional air purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Temperature measuring instruments and pressure measuring instruments are arranged at the inlet of the graded filtration device (4), and pressure measuring instruments are installed at the outlet.

6. The multifunctional air purification system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exhaust port of the liquid metal container (1) is connected to the condensation recovery device (2) through a vertical short pipe (1-1), and a valve is provided on the vertical short pipe (1-1).

7. The multifunctional air purification system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The condensation recovery device (2) includes a condenser tube (2-1), which is vertically installed and has a segmented temperature control device (2-2) and a segmented temperature measuring instrument (2-3) on its outer wall; the segmented temperature measuring instrument (2-3) measures the temperature of the tube wall in different areas of the condenser tube (2-1).

8. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the condenser tube (2-1) is provided with a spiral guide groove or fin structure to enhance condensation and guide flow.

9. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Quick-connect mechanisms are installed at the inlet and outlet of the condenser tube (2-1).

10. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The segmented temperature control device (2-2) divides the condenser tube (2-1) into a high-temperature section, a condensation section and a low-temperature section from bottom to top. The segmented temperature control device (2-2) uses multiple independently temperature-controlled electric heating tapes, which are spirally wound around different sections of the condenser tube (2-1).

11. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The graded filtration device (4) is divided into a lower primary filtration chamber and an upper secondary filtration chamber by a tube plate (4-5). The side wall of the primary separation cylinder (4-2) is provided with a tangential air inlet pipe (4-1), and a dust collection hopper (4-3) is provided at the bottom. An automatic dust discharge valve is provided below the dust collection hopper (4-3). A hole is opened on the central axis of the tube plate (4-5) and connected to the primary filtration outlet pipe (4-4) so ​​that the primary filtration chamber and the secondary filtration chamber are connected. The filter element (4-7) is fixed in the secondary filtration cylinder (4-6) by a lower vent plate (4-8) and an upper vent plate (4-11). Several air holes are opened on the lower vent plate (4-8) and fixed to the upper flange (4-10) by screws (4-9). An exhaust pipe (4-12) is provided on the upper side wall of the secondary filtration cylinder (4-6).

12. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The primary filtration uses centrifugal filtration, and the secondary filtration uses cartridge filtration.

13. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The filter element (4-7) is made of PTFE membrane filter media that can filter submicron-sized metal oxide particles.

14. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 11, characterized in that: Monitor the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the graded filtration device (4). When the pressure difference exceeds the set value, replace the filter element (4-7).

15. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The wet reaction and adsorption device (6) includes an inlet pipe (6-1) and a cylinder (6-9). The cylinder (6-9) contains a reaction solution (6-7). The inlet pipe (6-1) is located at the bottom of the cylinder (6-9) and extends upward below the surface of the reaction solution (6-7). An orifice plate (6-2) is provided above the inlet pipe (6-1). Several air holes are opened on the inlet pipe (6-1) and the orifice plate (6-2). The drain pipe (6-11) is located at the bottom of the cylinder (6-9). The baffle plate (6-3) is located above the liquid level of the reaction solution (6-7) in the cylinder (6-9). The side wall of the cylinder (6-9) is provided with a liquid filling pipe (6-8); the adsorption layer (6-4) is located above the liquid baffle (6-3) and is fixed to the support ring (6-6) by screws (6-5); the exhaust pipe (6-10) is arranged at the top of the cylinder (6-9) and has a gas component monitoring instrument on it.

16. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: As the gas flows out of the vent of the inlet pipe (6-1), it breaks into several bubbles, which then continue to disperse into several bubbles after flowing upward through the orifice plate (6-2).

17. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The drain pipe (6-11) has a valve that connects to the waste liquid treatment system, which periodically neutralizes, settles, and solidifies the waste liquid inside the cylinder (6-9).

18. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: Connect the exhaust pipe (6-10) to the matching hydrogen monitoring and treatment system.

19. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The baffle plate (6-3) is a multi-stage baffle plate, consisting of multiple stainless steel plates that are fully welded to the inner wall of the cylinder (6-9) at an inclination angle of 30° to 60° on one side, arranged in two layers, staggered.

20. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The reaction solution (6-7) is poured into the cylinder (6-9) to a certain height through the liquid filling pipe (6-8), with the liquid level above the orifice plate (6-2) and below the baffle plate (6-3).

21. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The adsorption layer (6-4) is made of molecular sieve material.

22. A multi-functional air purification system according to claim 15, characterized in that: When the liquid metal in the liquid metal container (1) is liquid sodium, the reaction solution (6-7) is deionized water or a low-concentration organic acid solution; when the liquid metal is liquid lead-bismuth alloy, the reaction solution (6-7) is an oxidizing acid solution.

23. A method for multifunctional purification of covered gas, using a multifunctional purification system for covered gas as described in claim 15, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Open the valve on the vertical short pipe (1-1). The covering gas in the liquid metal container (1) enters the condensation recovery device (2) through the vertical short pipe (1-1). Through segmented temperature control, the liquid metal vapor carried in the exhaust gas of the covering gas is orderly condensed on the inner wall of the condenser (2-1) and flows back to the liquid metal container (1) by gravity. S2: Open the valve on the transition pipeline (3) and pass the condensed gas into the graded filter device (4) to first separate and remove larger dust particles, and then remove submicron solid particles. S3: Open the valve on the inverted U-shaped pipe (5) and pass the filtered gas into the wet reaction and adsorption device (6) to remove residual liquid metal vapor, and then remove acidic gas and moisture through the baffle plate (6-3) and adsorption layer (6-4).

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