Blockchain-based Material Procurement Traceability Management System and Method

Abstract

This invention discloses a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system and method, which relates to the field of traceability management technology. The system includes: an ultrasonic data acquisition module, an encryption module, a data packet generation module, and a blockchain interaction module; it accurately identifies material categories and monitors packaging integrity by acquiring material characteristics through multi-dimensional ultrasonic data collection, combined with dynamic environmental correction and filtering; it employs 16-bit dynamic key encryption, along with device identification and timestamps, to ensure data security and traceability; relying on the immutable nature of the consortium blockchain, data verified through a device whitelist is uploaded to the chain to form a trusted record; the entire process is automated, reducing manual intervention and achieving precise, secure, and efficient material procurement traceability, integrating technological innovation and management upgrades to provide a reliable solution for procurement traceability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of traceability management technology, specifically to a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern supply chain management, traceability management of procurement materials is a crucial link in ensuring the quality, safety, and efficiency of material distribution. This is especially true in critical sectors such as healthcare, food, and national defense, where the traceability of material sources directly impacts public safety and core interests. Traditional procurement traceability methods rely heavily on manual records, paper documents, or centralized database management, which suffer from problems such as data tampering, lack of transparency, broken traceability chains, and weak anti-counterfeiting capabilities, making it difficult to meet the demands for high reliability and security.

[0003] In existing technologies, some traceability systems use barcodes, QR codes, or RFID technology to identify materials and store information. However, these technologies are susceptible to physical damage, counterfeiting, and other issues, and data storage relies on centralized servers, posing a single point of failure risk. For example, QR code labels may be replaced, and RFID signals may be interfered with, leading to a mismatch between traceability information and the actual materials. Furthermore, changes in the condition of materials during procurement, transportation, and storage (such as packaging integrity and variations in physical characteristics) are difficult to monitor in real time, further affecting the accuracy of traceability.

[0004] With the development of blockchain technology, its decentralized, immutable, and distributed ledger characteristics have provided new solutions for traceability management. Existing blockchain-based traceability systems primarily focus on data on-chaining and circulation records, but they still have shortcomings in the accurate collection of material characteristics, anti-counterfeiting verification, and dynamic status monitoring: First, the collection of material characteristics largely relies on visual recognition or simple sensor data, which is easily affected by environmental interference and fails to reflect the essential physical characteristics of the materials; second, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of the integrity of material packaging and physical parameters, making it impossible to effectively verify whether the materials have been tampered with or damaged; third, the data encryption and on-chain mechanisms are not perfect, posing a risk of sensitive information leakage or data forgery.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a material procurement traceability management solution that combines precise perception, quantitative analysis, and blockchain technology. By deeply collecting and encrypting the physical characteristics of materials on the blockchain, a reliable traceability solution can be achieved throughout the entire process, solving problems such as easy information tampering, weak anti-counterfeiting capabilities, and insufficient status monitoring in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system and method, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Control of the ultrasonic transmitting module:

[0011] An ultrasonic transmitter is selected, and the transmission frequency is set to f and the transmission time interval is T. Ultrasonic waves are continuously emitted with power P.

[0012] Step 2: Reflected signal reception and preprocessing:

[0013] By receiving the reflected wave with an ultrasonic receiver, calculating the time difference Δt between transmission and reception, the one-way propagation distance s of the ultrasonic wave is obtained.

[0014] Simultaneously, the reflected signal is filtered, and the amplitude A of the reflected wave is then calculated. i The mean AP and variance σ 2 A, Acquire the reflected wave phase γ i And calculate the phase difference Δγ between adjacent measurement points. i And based on the number of phase transitions N γ Calculate the integrity factor C of the material packaging WZ Where i = 1, 2, ..., n, and n represents the number of data collections;

[0015] Step 3: Material Characteristic Analysis and Identification:

[0016] The one-way propagation distance of ultrasonic waves was collected from different orientations, and the average distance sP was calculated and the profile curve s(θ) was fitted. The volume V and mass M of the material were also estimated.

[0017] The collected material characteristics are compared with the material characteristic database, and the similarity S is calculated. CS The category of materials is determined based on similarity.

[0018] Step 4: Encryption and Transmission Adaptation

[0019] The material characteristics are encrypted to generate a ciphertext sequence C′; the ciphertext sequence C′ is then compared with the unique identifier ID of the data acquisition device. dev Collection timestamp T stamp The ciphertext length L is combined to form a standard data packet P;

[0020] After receiving and verifying data packet P, the blockchain node decrypts and restores the original data and writes it into the blockchain ledger.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention: the transmission frequency f is adjusted within the range of 20kHz-100kHz according to the physical characteristics of the material packaging, and the transmission time interval T is set according to the scanning density requirements.

[0022] As a further aspect of the present invention: the propagation speed v of ultrasound in air is measured in real time by an environmental sensor, which collects the temperature t. env and humidity h env And using the corrected formula: The formula is dynamically adjusted and corrected based on a pre-fitted environmental test result.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention: the time difference Δt is achieved through... Calculate, where t FS t represents the emission time of the ultrasonic transmitter. JS The receiving time of the ultrasonic receiver;

[0024] Amplitude A of the reflected wave i The average AP, through get;

[0025] variance of the reflected wave amplitude A ,pass get;

[0026] Phase difference Δγ between adjacent measurement points i ,pass get;

[0027] Integrity coefficient C WZ， pass get.

[0028] As a further aspect of the present invention: the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting device diffuse in a fan shape, covering an angle α = 30°, according to the formula... Estimate the coverage diameter d0, where D is the distance from the material to the ultrasonic transmitter.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: the filtering process employs a bandpass filter with a center frequency of f and a bandwidth Δf in the range of 1kHz−5kHz, allowing only acoustic signals near the transmission frequency to pass through.

[0030] As a further aspect of the present invention: the number of phase transitions N γ By determining the adjacent phase difference Δγ i Does it exceed the preset threshold Δγ? th Determined, when |Δγ i |>Δγ th When this happens, a phase transition event is recorded, i.e., N. γ Increase the value by 1.

[0031] As a further aspect of the present invention: the equation of the contour curve is set as follows: ;

[0032] Where θ is the measured azimuth angle, a is the average distance, b is the profile fluctuation amplitude, and θ0 is the reference azimuth, whose coefficients are obtained by fitting using the least squares method.

[0033] The outline volume of the material is approximately V, which can be obtained using the formula... This was estimated; where h is the height of the material, which was obtained through additional measurement.

[0034] At the same time, the mass M of the material is estimated by combining the material density ρ preset in the database and using M=ρV.

[0035] As a further aspect of the present invention: similarity S CS The calculation formula is: ;

[0036] In the formula, , , These are the standard amplitude variance, mean distance, and phase abrupt change rate of the actual collected materials. , , The standard amplitude variance standard, average distance standard, and phase change rate standard for the corresponding material and specifications are pre-stored in the pre-constructed material characteristic database.

[0037] As a further aspect of this invention: the key used in the encryption process is denoted as K, which is a 16-character string containing numbers and letters. It is periodically updated through random number generation combined with hash operations. The encryption process formula is: ;

[0038] In the formula, c r Let r be the r-th character in the original character sequence, where r = 1, 2, ..., m; ASCII(c r ) represents the character c r The corresponding ASCII code value; K g Let g be the g-th character in the key K, where g = (r−1) mod 16 + 1, and the key characters are used cyclically; ⊕ is the XOR operation, where the same binary bits are 0 and different bits are 1; c r Let ' be the ASCII code value of the r-th character after encryption. After conversion to characters, it forms the ciphertext sequence C'=[c1',c2',⋯,c e ′).

[0039] As a further aspect of the present invention: the verification of data packet P by the blockchain node includes: verifying the ID. devCheck if it is in the preset device whitelist, and verify if the ciphertext length L is consistent with the actual length;

[0040] When ID in P dev If the length of L in the preset device whitelist and the length of P in the verification are consistent with the actual length of the ciphertext, the verification will pass.

[0041] As a further aspect of the present invention: the ultrasonic data acquisition module includes a piezoelectric transducer as an ultrasonic transmitting device and a high-sensitivity ultrasonic sensor as a receiving device; the blockchain interaction module adopts consortium blockchain technology.

[0042] A blockchain-based materials procurement traceability management system, which implements blockchain-based materials procurement traceability management methods, includes:

[0043] Ultrasonic data acquisition module: used to collect ultrasonic characteristic data of materials; ultrasonic characteristic data includes: ultrasonic one-way propagation distance, average ultrasonic one-way propagation distance for the same material, reflected wave amplitude, average reflected wave amplitude, reflected wave phase, phase difference between adjacent measurement points, integrity coefficient of material packaging integrity, and parameters based on the contour curve, including measurement azimuth angle, average distance, and contour fluctuation amplitude.

[0044] Encryption module: Communicates with the ultrasonic data acquisition module and is used to encrypt the ultrasonic feature data of the acquired materials to generate ciphertext data; the ciphertext data includes the ciphertext sequence and its length.

[0045] Data packet generation module: Communicates with the encryption module to add a collection timestamp and a unique identifier of the collection device to the encrypted ciphertext data to form a data packet;

[0046] Blockchain interaction module: It communicates with the data packet generation module, receives data packets, verifies the integrity of the format, and then transmits the data in the data packet to the blockchain node. The blockchain node receives the data packet, decrypts the encrypted data, and finally writes it into the blockchain ledger.

[0047] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0048] This invention provides a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system and method. Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages:

[0049] High-precision material feature acquisition and identification capabilities: Multi-dimensional material features (including propagation distance, amplitude, phase, and contour curves) are acquired using ultrasonic technology, and combined with quantitative indicators such as average value, variance, phase difference, and integrity coefficient to accurately characterize the physical properties of materials. Simultaneously, by comparing similarity with a feature database, the accuracy of material category identification is significantly improved, providing reliable basic data for traceability management.

[0050] Real-time monitoring of packaging integrity: Innovatively, the packaging integrity coefficient CWZ is calculated by the number of phase mutations. It can detect whether the packaging is damaged or tampered with in a non-contact manner, which solves the problem that traditional traceability can only record information but cannot verify the physical state of the materials, thus enhancing the credibility of the traceability chain.

[0051] Environmentally adaptive data correction mechanism: By collecting temperature and humidity parameters in real time through environmental sensors, the ultrasonic propagation speed is dynamically corrected. Combined with adjustable transmission frequency and filtering, the stability and accuracy of data acquisition under different environmental conditions are ensured, thus expanding the applicable scenarios of the system.

[0052] High-security data encryption and transmission: A 16-bit random key combined with hash operations is used for encryption. Material characteristic data is encrypted using an XOR operation, and the key is updated regularly, effectively ensuring the security of data transmission. Simultaneously, data packets include a unique device identifier, timestamp, and length verification, ensuring data traceability and tamper-proof nature.

[0053] A blockchain-enabled trusted traceability system: Utilizing the immutable and traceable characteristics of consortium blockchain technology, verified material characteristic data is written into the blockchain ledger, forming a fully auditable traceability record. Through an equipment whitelist verification mechanism, the authenticity of the data on the chain is further ensured, solving the problems of easy tampering and low credibility in traditional centralized traceability systems.

[0054] Full-process automated management: The system forms a closed loop from ultrasonic data acquisition, feature analysis, encryption processing to blockchain uploading, reducing manual intervention, lowering human error and the risk of fraud, and improving the efficiency and reliability of material procurement traceability management.

[0055] In summary, this invention achieves digital, precise, and reliable management of the entire process from procurement to traceability of materials through the deep integration of ultrasonic technology and blockchain technology, providing an efficient, safe, and reliable traceability solution for the field of material procurement. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system and method of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system and method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0060] To address the issue of interference from packaging materials such as metals and liquids in RFID data collection, this solution employs an ultrasonic non-contact identification method combined with encryption algorithms to achieve interference-resistant material information collection and integrate with a blockchain traceability system. This technical solution extracts material characteristics through precise control of ultrasonic wave transmission, reception, and signal analysis. After encryption, these characteristics are integrated with the blockchain system to ensure the accuracy of material identification and traceability.

[0061] As an embodiment of the present invention:

[0062] This invention relates to a blockchain-based method for material procurement traceability management, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Control of the ultrasonic transmitting module:

[0064] An ultrasonic transmitter is selected, and the transmission frequency is set to f;

[0065] The initial setting range of the transmission frequency f is 20kHz−100kHz. The value of f is determined based on the physical characteristics of the material packaging, and is adjusted within this range according to different material packaging materials.

[0066] For example, for metal packaging materials, through preliminary testing, simulating the penetration and reflection effects of ultrasonic waves at different frequencies, f=40kHz was initially selected, which can be adjusted according to the actual scenario;

[0067] The transmission time interval is marked as T, and the transmission time interval determines the scanning density. In this embodiment, T=0.2s is set to ensure that the surface information can be collected when materials are dynamically transported or statically stored.

[0068] The speed at which ultrasound travels through air is denoted as v;

[0069] In this embodiment, under standard conditions of 20°C and 1 standard atmosphere, v is taken as 343 m / s;

[0070] In practical applications, changes in ambient temperature and humidity will affect v. Temperature t will then be collected in real time using an environmental sensor. env Humidity h env And using the corrected formula: The v value is dynamically adjusted; the correction formula is obtained in advance through extensive environmental testing.

[0071] The ultrasonic transmitting device emits ultrasonic waves continuously with a power of P at a fixed time interval T.

[0072] The initial value of power P is set to P=1W, and it is adjusted according to the distance of the materials and the attenuation.

[0073] Before each launch, the device status, such as the transducer temperature, is checked to prevent overheating damage. If the transducer temperature exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the launch is paused and the device is allowed to cool down to ensure equipment stability.

[0074] The emitted ultrasonic waves spread in a fan shape with a coverage angle α = 30°. This is controlled by the device's physical structure or beamforming algorithm to ensure that the material surface is within the sound wave coverage area. The formula is as follows: , estimate the coverage diameter d0 to adapt to different placements of materials; where D is the distance from the material to the ultrasonic transmitter.

[0075] Step 2: Reflected signal reception and preprocessing:

[0076] The ultrasonic receiver operates synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitter and receives the reflected wave; the transmission time is marked as t. FS The receiving time is marked as t JS Subsequently, it was passed through: Calculate the time difference Δt between transmission and reception;

[0077] According to the formula for uniform motion The one-way propagation distance s of the ultrasonic wave is obtained. In this embodiment, this is the vertical distance from the surface of the material to the ultrasonic receiving device and the ultrasonic transmitting device.

[0078] In this embodiment, a bandpass filter is set to filter environmental noise. The center frequency of the bandpass filter is f, and the bandwidth Δf of the bandpass filter is in the range of 1kHz-5kHz. It is adjusted according to the actual environmental noise conditions. In this embodiment, the bandwidth Δf = 2kHz, which only allows sound wave signals near the transmission frequency to pass through.

[0079] The formula is: Where f0 = f, it refers to the center frequency;

[0080] After each ultrasonic wave is emitted, the ultrasonic receiver collects the amplitude A of the reflected wave. i Subsequently passed The amplitude A of the reflected wave is obtained. i The average AP;

[0081] Where i = 1, 2, ..., n, n represents the number of samplings, the amplitude of the reflected wave reflects the attenuation of the sound wave energy, metal packaging has a larger amplitude due to strong reflection, and liquid packaging has a smaller amplitude due to scattering;

[0082] Subsequently passed Calculate the variance of the reflected wave amplitude A. ;

[0083] Among them, a large variance indicates that the surface is uneven or the material is not uniform, which is used to help judge the condition of materials.

[0084] Simultaneously, after emitting ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic receiving device collects the reflected wave phase γ and then... Calculate the phase difference Δγ between adjacent measurement points. i ;

[0085] Among them, changes in the material surface of materials, such as seams, can lead to abrupt phase changes;

[0086] By conducting extensive "standard material tests" in advance, the phase difference fluctuation range of different materials and structures was statistically analyzed to determine the mutation judgment threshold Δγ. th ;

[0087] Among them, there are different materials such as metal and plastic, and different structures such as seamless and seam-bound.

[0088] For example, for metal packaging materials, after testing 1000 sets of normal data, if 95% of the normal phase differences are found to be less than 20°, then a 5% redundancy is reserved to avoid misjudgment, and Δγ is set. th =25°.

[0089] When the acquired adjacent phase differences satisfy: |Δγ i |>Δγ th If the phase change is such that a "phase change" occurs, then this phase change is determined to be a "phase change event," and a phase change event is recorded, denoted as N. γ +1, N γ It represents the cumulative number of phase transitions;

[0090] Subsequently passed: Calculate the integrity coefficient C used to determine the integrity of the packaging of goods. WZ ;

[0091] Among them, C WZ The closer to 1, the more complete the packaging of the supplies.

[0092] Step 3: Material Characteristic Analysis and Identification:

[0093] For the same material, k sets of ultrasonic one-way propagation distances s1, s2, ... s were collected from different locations. k ;

[0094] In this embodiment, four sets of distances s1, s2, s3, and s4 are obtained from different orientations such as 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°.

[0095] pass Calculate the average one-way propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave for the same material, i.e., the average distance sP;

[0096] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the material is a body of revolution, such as a cylinder or a sphere; most industrial materials can be approximated by this model.

[0097] The profile curve is fitted using the least squares method, and the profile equation is given by... ;

[0098] Where θ is the measurement azimuth angle, a is the average distance, b is the profile fluctuation amplitude, and θ0 is the reference azimuth.

[0099] Then, substitute the measured values ​​to solve for the coefficients and reconstruct the approximate shape of the material;

[0100] Through: Formula Calculate the approximate volume V of the material's outline;

[0101] Where h is the height of the material, which is obtained through additional measurement;

[0102] At the same time, the material density ρ is preset in the database, and the mass M of the material is estimated by M=ρV to help verify the material specifications.

[0103] Construct a database of material characteristics to store standard amplitude variances for different materials and specifications. Average distance standard Phase mutation rate standard ;

[0104] Collecting actual materials , , And through:

[0105] Calculate the similarity S CS ;

[0106] In the formula, These represent the percentage differences in amplitude, distance, and phase characteristics, respectively.

[0107] A similarity threshold SY is set, which is tested extensively to ensure recognition accuracy.

[0108] If S CS If the value is ≤SY, then the material is determined to match the category in the material feature database;

[0109] Otherwise, adjust the transmission parameters f and P and re-acquire, or mark it as awaiting manual review;

[0110] The blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method provided in this embodiment effectively solves the interference problem caused by special packaging materials such as metals and liquids to traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) through ultrasonic non-contact identification technology, achieving accurate collection of material information. Specifically, by dynamically adjusting parameters such as ultrasonic transmission frequency, power, and time interval, combined with real-time correction of sound wave propagation speed by environmental sensors, signal stability is ensured under different materials (such as metals and plastics) and different environments (temperature and humidity changes). Through multi-dimensional analysis of the amplitude, phase difference, and propagation distance of reflected waves, not only can the physical characteristics of materials (such as shape, surface condition, and packaging integrity) be accurately extracted, but also accurate identification of materials can be achieved through similarity comparison with a standard database, providing reliable raw data support for subsequent blockchain traceability. In addition, device status detection (such as transducer temperature monitoring) ensures stable equipment operation, improving the practicality and durability of the method, and making it suitable for material management in various scenarios such as dynamic transmission or static storage.

[0111] As a second embodiment of the present invention:

[0112] In its specific implementation, compared to Embodiment 1, the technical solution of this embodiment differs from that of Embodiment 1 only in that: this embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further includes the step of encryption and transmission adaptation, as detailed below:

[0113] It employs a custom symmetric encryption, with key K being a 16-character key containing numbers and letters. The key is generated by random number generation and hash operation, and the corresponding security protocol is updated periodically.

[0114] Convert the material characteristics into a character stream C=[c1,c2,……,c e ];

[0115] Where e is the length of the feature data, and the material features include sP and σ. 2 A;

[0116] The encryption process is completed through the steps of "character ASCII code → XOR operation → encrypted character", formula: ;

[0117] In the formula, c rLet r be the r-th character in the original character sequence, where r = 1, 2, ..., m; ASCII(c r ) represents the character c r The corresponding ASCII code value; K g Let g be the g-th character in the key K, where g = (r−1) mod 16 + 1, and the key characters are used cyclically; ⊕ is the XOR operation, i.e., 0 if the binary bits are the same, and 1 if they are different; mod 256 ensures that the result is still within the ASCII range; c r Let ' be the ASCII code value of the r-th character after encryption. After conversion to characters, it forms the ciphertext sequence C'=[c1',c2',⋯,c e ′];

[0118] The encrypted ciphertext sequence C′ is combined with auxiliary information to form a standard data packet P={ID} dev ,T stamp ,L,C′};

[0119] Among them: ID dev T is the unique identifier for the data acquisition device. stamp The data collection timestamp is L; the ciphertext sequence length is e; C′ is the ciphertext sequence.

[0120] After receiving data packet P, the blockchain node first verifies the ID in P. dev Whether it is in the preset device whitelist, and whether the L in P is consistent with the actual length of the ciphertext;

[0121] When ID in P dev The length of L in the pre-set device whitelist and the verification P are consistent with the actual length of the ciphertext;

[0122] After successful verification, the currently valid key K is used to decrypt C′, restoring the original character sequence C, which is then written into the blockchain ledger.

[0123] Decryption is the inverse process of encryption, and the formula is: ;

[0124] In the formula, the meaning of each parameter is consistent with the encryption process. Due to the reversibility of the XOR operation, the same key K is used to operate on the ciphertext sequence C′.

[0125] This embodiment adds encryption and transmission adaptation steps to the first embodiment, further enhancing the security and reliability of material information in the traceability process. By using a custom symmetric encryption algorithm and a regularly updated key mechanism, the leakage or tampering of material characteristic data during transmission is effectively prevented, ensuring data confidentiality. The unique device identifier (IDdev) and timestamp (Tstamp) included in the data packet, combined with the whitelist verification and length check mechanism of the blockchain nodes, ensure the traceability and non-repudiation of the data source, avoiding the risk of unauthorized device access or data forgery. Simultaneously, the adaptation design of the encryption process to the blockchain system allows the decrypted data to be directly written into the blockchain ledger, providing authentic and tamper-proof evidence for subsequent traceability, enhancing the credibility and security of the entire traceability system.

[0126] As an embodiment of the present invention:

[0127] In specific implementation, compared with Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the technical solution of this embodiment is to combine the solutions of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0128] This embodiment combines the technical solutions of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 to achieve a closed-loop management system encompassing "accurate identification + secure encryption + blockchain traceability," leveraging the advantages of both. On one hand, it inherits the core capability of Embodiment 1 in anti-interference identification, overcoming the limitations of special packaging materials through ultrasonic technology to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of material feature collection. On the other hand, it integrates the encryption and transmission adaptation mechanisms of Embodiment 2, guaranteeing the security, integrity, and reliability of data throughout the entire process from collection to blockchain uploading. This combined solution not only solves the application bottlenecks of traditional RFID technology but also, through the immutability of blockchain and the security of encryption technology, constructs a complete system from material information collection and identification to traceability and evidence storage. This significantly improves the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of material procurement traceability management, making it suitable for scenarios with high requirements for material security and traceability, such as industrial materials and special product categories.

[0129] This invention also provides a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system, which is used to execute a blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method. The system includes:

[0130] Ultrasonic data acquisition module: used to acquire ultrasonic characteristic data of materials;

[0131] The ultrasonic characteristic data includes: ultrasonic one-way propagation distance, the average ultrasonic one-way propagation distance for the same material, reflected wave amplitude, the average reflected wave amplitude, reflected wave phase, phase difference between adjacent measurement points, integrity coefficient of material packaging integrity, and parameters based on the profile curve, including measurement azimuth angle, average distance, and profile fluctuation amplitude.

[0132] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transmitting device in the ultrasonic data acquisition module adopts a piezoelectric transducer, and the ultrasonic receiving device adopts a high-sensitivity ultrasonic sensor.

[0133] Encryption module: Communicates with the ultrasonic data acquisition module and is used to encrypt the ultrasonic feature data of the acquired materials to generate ciphertext data; the ciphertext data includes the ciphertext sequence and its length.

[0134] Data packet generation module: Communicates with the encryption module to add a collection timestamp and a unique identifier of the collection device to the encrypted ciphertext data to form a data packet;

[0135] Blockchain interaction module: It communicates with the data packet generation module, receives data packets, verifies the integrity of the format, and then transmits the data in the data packet to the blockchain node. The blockchain node receives the data packet, decrypts the encrypted data, and finally writes it into the blockchain ledger.

[0136] In this embodiment, the blockchain interaction module adopts consortium blockchain technology, and the participating nodes include material purchasers, material suppliers, and transporters. The nodes ensure data consistency and immutability through a consensus mechanism.

[0137] It should be stated that all user data collected in this application was collected with the user's consent and authorization, and the use of user data is legal and compliant, and the use and processing of user data comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant regions.

[0138] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0139] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0140] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters and thresholds in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0141] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0142] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for material procurement traceability management, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Control of the ultrasonic transmitting module: An ultrasonic transmitter is selected, and the transmission frequency is set to f and the transmission time interval is T. Ultrasonic waves are continuously emitted with power P. Step 2: Reflected signal reception and preprocessing: By receiving the reflected wave with an ultrasonic receiver, calculating the time difference Δt between transmission and reception, the one-way propagation distance s of the ultrasonic wave is obtained. Simultaneously, the reflected signal is filtered, and the amplitude A of the reflected wave is then calculated. i The mean AP and variance σ 2 A, Acquire the reflected wave phase γ i And calculate the phase difference Δγ between adjacent measurement points. i And based on the number of phase transitions N γ Calculate the integrity factor C of the material packaging WZ Where i = 1, 2, ..., n, and n represents the number of data collections; Step 3: Material Characteristic Analysis and Identification The one-way propagation distance of ultrasonic waves was collected from different orientations, and the average distance sP was calculated and the profile curve s(θ) was fitted. The volume V and mass M of the material were also estimated. The collected material characteristics are compared with the material characteristic database, and the similarity S is calculated. CS The category of materials is determined based on similarity. Step 4: Encryption and Transmission Adaptation The material characteristics are encrypted to generate a ciphertext sequence C′; the ciphertext sequence C′ is then compared with the unique identifier ID of the data acquisition device. dev Collection timestamp T stamp The ciphertext length L is combined to form a standard data packet P; After receiving and verifying data packet P, the blockchain node decrypts and restores the original data and writes it into the blockchain ledger. Number of phase transitions N γ By determining the adjacent phase difference Δγ i Does it exceed the preset threshold Δγ? th Determined, when |Δγ i |>Δγ th When this happens, a phase transition event is recorded, i.e., N. γ Increment the value by 1; Time difference Δt passes through Calculate, where t FS t represents the emission time of the ultrasonic transmitter. JS The receiving time of the ultrasonic receiver; Amplitude A of the reflected wave i The average AP, through get; variance of the reflected wave amplitude A ,pass get; Phase difference Δγ between adjacent measurement points i ,pass get; Integrity coefficient C WZ， pass get; Similarity S CS The calculation formula is: ; In the formula, , , These are the standard amplitude variance, mean distance, and phase abrupt change rate of the actual collected materials. , , The standard amplitude variance standard, average distance standard, and phase change rate standard for the corresponding material and specifications are pre-stored in the pre-constructed material characteristic database. The key used in encryption is denoted as K, which is a 16-character string containing numbers and letters. It is generated by random number generation combined with hash operations and updated periodically. The encryption process formula is as follows: ; In the formula, c r Let r be the r-th character in the original character sequence, where r = 1, 2, ..., m; ASCII(c r ) represents the character c r The corresponding ASCII code value; K g Let g be the g-th character in the key K, where g = (r−1) mod 16 + 1, and the key characters are used cyclically; ⊕ is the XOR operation, where the same binary bits are 0 and different bits are 1; c r Let ' be the ASCII code value of the r-th character after encryption. After conversion to characters, it forms the ciphertext sequence C'=[c1',c2',⋯,c e ′]; The verification of data packet P by a blockchain node includes: verifying the ID. dev Check if it is in the preset device whitelist, and verify if the ciphertext length L is consistent with the actual length; When the ID in P dev If the length of L in the preset device whitelist and the length of P in the verification are consistent with the actual length of the ciphertext, the verification will pass.

2. The blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in air, v, is measured in real time by the temperature, t, which is collected by an environmental sensor. env and humidity h env And using the corrected formula: The formula is dynamically adjusted and corrected based on a pre-fitted environmental test result.

3. The blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transmitter spread in a fan shape, covering an angle α = 30°, according to the formula... Estimate the coverage diameter d0, where D is the distance from the material to the ultrasonic transmitter.

4. The blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering process uses a bandpass filter with a center frequency of f and a bandwidth Δf in the range of 1kHz-5kHz, which only allows acoustic signals near the transmission frequency to pass through.

5. The blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equation of the profile curve is set as follows: ; Where θ is the measured azimuth angle, a is the average distance, b is the profile fluctuation amplitude, and θ0 is the reference azimuth, whose coefficients are obtained by fitting using the least squares method. The outline volume of the material is approximately V, which can be obtained using the formula... This was estimated; where h is the height of the material, which was obtained through additional measurement. At the same time, the mass M of the material is estimated by combining the material density ρ preset in the database and using M=ρV.

6. A blockchain-based material procurement traceability management system, the system being used to execute the blockchain-based material procurement traceability management method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system includes: Ultrasonic data acquisition module: used to collect ultrasonic characteristic data of materials; ultrasonic characteristic data includes: ultrasonic one-way propagation distance, average ultrasonic one-way propagation distance for the same material, reflected wave amplitude, average reflected wave amplitude, reflected wave phase, phase difference between adjacent measurement points, integrity coefficient of material packaging integrity, and parameters based on the contour curve, including measurement azimuth angle, average distance, and contour fluctuation amplitude. Encryption module: Communicates with the ultrasonic data acquisition module and is used to encrypt the ultrasonic feature data of the acquired materials to generate ciphertext data; the ciphertext data includes the ciphertext sequence and its length. Data packet generation module: Communicates with the encryption module to add a collection timestamp and a unique identifier of the collection device to the encrypted ciphertext data to form a data packet; Blockchain interaction module: It communicates with the data packet generation module, receives data packets, verifies the integrity of the format, and then transmits the data in the data packet to the blockchain node. The blockchain node receives the data packet, decrypts the encrypted data, and finally writes it into the blockchain ledger.

Images