Fuel cell start-up methods, devices, electronic equipment and computer program products

Abstract

This application relates to a fuel cell startup method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer program product, comprising: if the fuel cell startup voltage is greater than or equal to the open circuit voltage, calculating the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell based on the air metering ratio and the stack current; calculating the current water pump coolant flow rate based on the fuel cell heat generation power and the stack coolant density and specific heat capacity; and controlling the fuel cell startup until the voltage reaches the idle voltage and the power reaches the idle power if the fuel cell startup voltage is greater than or equal to the open circuit voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a fuel cell starting method, device, electronic equipment, and computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] In commercial fuel cell vehicle applications, high power has become an industry trend. However, high-power fuel cells have long start-up times, and the prolonged high potential during startup accelerates catalyst degradation. Simultaneously, high hydrogen concentration emissions from the anode pose hydrogen safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a fuel cell start-up method, device, electronic equipment, and computer program product to solve the problems of long start-up time, short lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a fuel cell startup method, comprising the following steps: obtaining the initial startup voltage of the fuel cell; if the initial startup voltage is greater than or equal to a preset open-circuit voltage, obtaining the current air metering ratio, current stack current, fuel cell heat production power, stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate; calculating the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the stack anode tail based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current; calculating the current water pump coolant flow rate based on the fuel cell heat production power and the stack coolant density and specific heat capacity; and calculating the current anode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate. The inlet hydrogen flow rate is controlled by pre-calibrated interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the anode three-way valve, the hydrogen flow rate, the air compressor speed, the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the cathode inlet air flow rate, and the water pump coolant flow rate to control the fuel cell startup until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell startup is determined to be complete.

[0005] Optionally, the fuel cell startup method further includes: obtaining the open-circuit voltage at startup and the idle voltage at startup end using a fuel cell test bench, and obtaining pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage and pre-calibrated idle voltage respectively; calibrating the first opening frequency and first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the anode three-way valve during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage using the fuel cell test bench, and calculating the hydrogen gas produced during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage. The flow rate is calibrated and interpolated to obtain the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate. Using the fuel cell test bench, the compressor speed calibration interpolation during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, and the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve are calibrated. The cathode inlet air flow rate during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage are calculated, resulting in the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate. Using the fuel cell test bench, the water pump coolant flow rate during stack startup is calibrated, obtaining the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate.

[0006] Optionally, the current cathode inlet air flow rate is: m air =λ air *N*I*M air / 4*F*0.21(g / s; Where, λ air Where N is the air metering ratio, I is the number of battery cells, and M is the stack current. air Let F be the molar mass of air, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0007] Optionally, the amount of hydrogen recirculated at the anode tail of the fuel cell stack is: Q H2-out =V ocv当前 *Q H2 / Heat generation voltage; Among them, Q H2-out Q represents the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack. H2 V represents the hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet. ocv当前 This is the current open-circuit voltage.

[0008] Optionally, the current water pump coolant flow rate is: Q 冷却液 = P fuel / (C P *△T*ρ* ε), Among them, P fuel For the heat output power of fuel cells, C Pρ is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator, ρ is the density of the coolant, and ε is the correction coefficient for the temperature difference between the gas and liquid crossflow.

[0009] A second aspect of this application provides a fuel cell starting device, comprising: an acquisition module, configured to acquire the initial starting voltage of the fuel cell; if the initial starting voltage is greater than or equal to a preset open-circuit voltage, then acquire the current air metering ratio, the current stack current, the fuel cell heat production power, the stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate; a calculation module, configured to calculate the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the stack anode tail based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current, and to calculate the current water pump coolant flow rate based on the fuel cell heat production power and the stack coolant density and specific heat capacity; and a control module, configured to control the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the current water pump coolant flow rate based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the current water pump coolant flow rate. The fuel cell is started based on the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate. The start-up is then determined to be complete when the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power.

[0010] Optionally, the aforementioned fuel cell starting device further includes: a first calibration module, used to acquire the open-circuit voltage during fuel cell startup and the idle voltage at the end of startup using a fuel cell test bench, to obtain pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage and pre-calibrated idle voltage; and a second calibration module, used to calibrate, using the fuel cell test bench, the first opening frequency calibration interpolation value and the first opening degree calibration interpolation value of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency calibration interpolation value and the second opening degree calibration interpolation value of the anode three-way valve for the fuel cell to drop from a preset open-circuit voltage to a preset idle voltage, and to calculate the fuel cell voltage to drop from a preset open-circuit voltage to a preset idle voltage. The first calibration module is used to calibrate the hydrogen flow rate under pressure, and obtain a pre-calibrated calibration interpolation value for the hydrogen flow rate. The second calibration module is used to calibrate the compressor speed calibration interpolation value and the third opening degree calibration interpolation value of the cathode three-way valve when the fuel cell voltage drops from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, and calculate the cathode inlet air flow rate when the fuel cell voltage drops from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, and obtain a pre-calibrated calibration interpolation value for the cathode inlet air flow rate. The third calibration module is used to calibrate the water pump coolant flow rate when the fuel cell stack is started, and obtain a pre-calibrated calibration interpolation value for the water pump coolant flow rate.

[0011] Optionally, the current cathode inlet air flow rate is: m air =λ air *N*I*M air / 4*F*0.21(g / s; Where, λ air Where N is the air metering ratio, I is the number of battery cells, and M is the stack current. air Let F be the molar mass of air, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0012] Optionally, the current hydrogen flow rate is: Q H2-out =V ocv当前 *Q H2 / Heat generation voltage; Among them, Q H2-out Q represents the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack. H2 V represents the hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet. ocv当前 This is the current open-circuit voltage.

[0013] Optionally, the current water pump coolant flow rate is: Q 冷却液 = P fuel / (C P *△T*ρ* ε), Among them, P fuel For the heat output power of fuel cells, CP ρ is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator, ρ is the density of the coolant, and ε is the correction coefficient for the temperature difference between the gas and liquid crossflow.

[0014] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the fuel cell start-up method as described in the above embodiments.

[0015] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer program product having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to implement the fuel cell startup method as described in the above embodiments.

[0016] In the above embodiments, if the initial start-up voltage is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell are calculated based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current. The current water pump coolant flow rate is calculated based on the fuel cell heat generation power, the stack coolant density, and the specific heat capacity. Based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate, the fuel cell is controlled to start up according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the water pump coolant flow rate until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell start-up is determined to be complete. This solves the problems of long start-up time, short lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles. It can slow down the catalyst degradation rate during the start-up process of fuel cell commercial vehicles, while also reducing the hydrogen safety hazards caused by high hydrogen emission concentrations during the start-up process.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fuel cell startup method provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating data calibration and fuel cell startup according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the S0 slope curve according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a fuel cell start-up control according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the startup process of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is an example diagram of a fuel cell starting device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0020] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a fuel cell startup method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer program product according to embodiments of this application. Addressing the issues of long startup time, low lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles mentioned in the background art, this application provides a fuel cell startup method. In this method, if the initial startup voltage is greater than or equal to a preset open-circuit voltage, the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell are calculated based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current. The current water pump coolant flow rate is calculated based on the fuel cell heat generation power, stack coolant density, and specific heat capacity. Based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate, according to a pre-calibrated... The fuel cell startup is controlled by the calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and first opening degree of the anode nitrogen venting valve, the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell startup is considered complete. This solves the problems of long startup time, short catalyst lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles. It can slow down the catalyst degradation rate during startup and reduce the hydrogen safety hazards caused by high hydrogen emission concentrations during startup.

[0021] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a fuel cell start-up method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell startup method includes the following steps: In step S101, the initial start-up voltage of the fuel cell is obtained. If the initial start-up voltage is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, the current air metering ratio, current stack current, fuel cell heat generation power, stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate are obtained. When the initial start-up voltage of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, the current air metering ratio, current stack current, fuel cell heat production power, stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate are collected.

[0023] In step S102, the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell are calculated based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current. The current water pump coolant flow rate is calculated based on the fuel cell heat generation power and the stack coolant density and specific heat capacity. In some embodiments, the current cathode inlet air flow rate is: m air =λ air *N*I*M air / 4*F*0.21(g / s; Where, λ air Where N is the air metering ratio, I is the number of battery cells, and M is the stack current. air Let F be the molar mass of air, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0024] The stack current I is obtained according to Faraday's law of electrode reactions.

[0025] In some embodiments, the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack is: Q H2-out =V ocv当前 *Q H2 / Heat generation voltage; Among them, Q H2-out Q represents the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack. H2 V represents the hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet. ocv当前 This is the current open-circuit voltage.

[0026] Heat production Q PTC For: m H2 * / 1.482 )*285.58KJ / mol.

[0027] Among them, Q H2 =N*I*m H2 / (2*F)(g / s) Where N is the number of individual cells, I is the output current of the fuel cell stack, and m H2 Where is the molar mass of hydrogen (g / mol), F is the Faraday constant (96485 C / mol), and the preset open-circuit voltage V is... ocv These are calibration values, obtained through bench testing.

[0028] In some embodiments, the current water pump coolant flow rate is: Q 液 =P fuel / (C P *△T*ρ* ε)(m 3 / s), Among them, P fuel For the heat output power of fuel cells, C P ρ is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator, ρ is the density of the coolant, and ε is the correction coefficient for the temperature difference between the gas and liquid crossflow.

[0029] Specifically, the initial start-up voltage of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to a preset open-circuit voltage V. ocv When that time, the current air metering ratio λ is obtained. air Current stack current I, current stack coolant outlet temperature T out Current fuel cell stack coolant inlet temperature T in Current hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet, Q H2 .

[0030] Therefore, based on the current air metering ratio λ air Calculate the current stack current I and the current cathode inlet air flow rate (m). air According to the heat output power P of the fuel cell fuel Specific heat capacity of coolant C P、 Calculate the current water pump coolant flow rate Q based on coolant density ρ and radiator inlet / outlet temperature difference. 液 And based on the current hydrogen flow rate Q at the anode inlet H2 Calculate the amount of hydrogen recirculated at the anode tail of the fuel cell stack, Q. H2-out .

[0031] The specific calculation method is as follows: First, the calorific value of hydrogen combustion is calculated: ΔH = 285.58 KJ / mol, where ΔH is the calorific value released by the oxidation reaction of one mole of hydrogen to produce liquid water (assuming that all liquid water is generated at the cathode during startup); 1 / 2 O2 + H2 generates H2O, and the hydrogen exhaust from the anode flows back to the cathode to undergo a chemical reaction to produce water, at which point the corresponding cathode potential is -0.593 V. Let V be the value of the hydrogen. 怠速=0.85V is the target output voltage. Therefore, the heat generation voltage is 0.85 + 0.593 = 1.443V. At this point, all the hydrogen gas at the anode undergoes a chemical reaction at the cathode. Therefore, the current amount of hydrogen gas recirculated from the anode tail is Q. H2-out =V ocv当前 *Q H2 / 1.443(mol), where Q H2-out Q is the flow rate of hydrogen gas from the anode tail gas into the cathode through the three-way valve. H2 This represents the hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet.

[0032] Q 热 =Q H2-out *ΔH(KJ), where Q 热 The hydrogen gas discharged from the anode and flowing into the cathode undergoes a chemical reaction to generate heat. Current coolant heat dissipation calculation: Q requirement =C p-all *m all *(T end -T start ), where Q requirement C represents the total heat of the fuel cell stack. p-all T represents the average heat capacity of the fuel cell stack. end T is the target start-up and end temperature. start To initiate cryogenic treatment for the target, m all This refers to the total mass of the fuel cell stack. Q stack =N* / 1000 (KJ), where Q stack V represents the total heat generated during the stack startup process. cell I is the average single-cell voltage (V), N is the number of cells, and I cell Battery stack output current (A).

[0033] Current water pump coolant flow rate: Q 液 = Q stack - Q requirement - Q 热 = P fuel / (C P *△T*ρ* ε)(m 3 / s), P fuel For the heat output power (kW) of the fuel cell system, C P Specific heat capacity of coolant (kJ / (kg)) ℃), △T is the temperature difference between the radiator inlet and outlet (℃), ρ is the density of the coolant (kg / m³). 3 ε is the temperature difference correction coefficient for gas-liquid crossflow, based on a thermodynamic empirical formula.

[0034] In step S103, based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate, the fuel cell is started according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the anode nitrogen venting valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the water pump coolant flow rate, until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, and the fuel cell start-up is determined to be complete.

[0035] It should be noted that the pre-calibrated idle voltage and pre-calibrated idle power are bench calibration values, and the specific values ​​are not shown here.

[0036] Optionally, in some embodiments, the fuel cell startup method further includes: acquiring the open-circuit voltage at startup and the idle voltage at startup end using a fuel cell test bench, and obtaining pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage and pre-calibrated idle voltage respectively; calibrating the first opening frequency and first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the anode three-way valve, and the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage using the fuel cell test bench, and calculating the decrease of the fuel cell from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage. The hydrogen flow rate during the process is calibrated and interpolated to obtain the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate. Using a fuel cell test bench, the compressor speed and the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve are calibrated during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage. The cathode inlet air flow rate during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage are also calculated and interpolated to obtain the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate. Finally, the water pump coolant flow rate during stack startup is calibrated using the fuel cell test bench, and the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate is obtained.

[0037] The specific data calibration steps are as follows: Figure 2 As shown: Step S0: Obtain the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack under startup conditions, i.e., the initial voltage V at the start of startup, using a fuel cell test bench. ocv (That is, to obtain the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage), the initial clamping potential voltage V when the start-up ends and the system enters the idling condition. 怠速 (That is, to obtain the pre-calibrated idle voltage), during the calibration startup process, the stack voltage changes from the initial voltage V. ocvThe voltage drops to the idle speed voltage V 怠速 The slope of the change; Step S1: Using a fuel cell test bench, obtain the switching frequency of the anode outlet nitrogen venting valve during startup, calculate the hydrogen emission based on the valve characteristics, and calculate the calorific value (kJ / mol) based on the thermodynamic law of hydrogen oxidation. By calculating the ratio of chemical calorific value to electrochemical calorific value, calculate the hydrogen flow rate at which the cathode voltage equals the idle voltage from the start to the end of the S0 slope curve. This yields the calibration interpolation value of the hydrogen flow rate during the process of the fuel cell decreasing from a pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to a pre-calibrated idle voltage. The S0 slope curve is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen flow rate is recorded using a hydrogen flow meter; Step S2: Using a fuel cell test bench, obtain the opening frequency and opening degree of the anode tail exhaust three-way valve during startup, thereby obtaining the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​for the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode nitrogen purging valve, and also obtaining the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​for the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode three-way valve. The closing node of the anode tail exhaust three-way valve to the cathode is marked as the fuel cell reaching idle power P. 怠速 ; Step S3: By using a fuel cell test bench, obtain the calibration interpolation values ​​of the air compressor speed and the cathode inlet air flow during the process of the fuel cell dropping from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, and calibrate the calibration interpolation value of the opening degree of the cathode three-way valve to obtain the calibration interpolation value of the third opening degree of the pre-calibrated cathode three-way valve, so that the exhaust hydrogen concentration is within the specified range. Step S4: By using a fuel cell test bench, calibrate the stack outlet water temperature during the cathode chemical combustion reaction startup, obtain fuel cell water pump flow rate and speed data, and obtain the calibration interpolation value of the previously calibrated water pump coolant flow rate to control the stack outlet water temperature within the normal startup range.

[0038] Based on the above-calibrated data, the FCCU's built-in algorithm is used to control the fuel cell startup. The specific startup control strategy is as follows: Figure 2 Step S5 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0039] Step S1: In the initial startup phase, the FCCU, through its built-in startup algorithm, executes the opening and closing actions of the anode nitrogen venting valve 5 according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the anode nitrogen venting valve. It also controls the opening and closing actions of the anode three-way valve 4 according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the anode three-way valve. Furthermore, it controls the current hydrogen flow rate according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation value of the hydrogen flow rate. The current hydrogen flow rate of the fuel cell is controlled by feedback from the flow meter 10. Step S2: The FCCU controls the speed of air compressor 2 according to the pre-calibrated air compressor speed calibration interpolation value, controls the opening of the cathode three-way valve 7 according to the calibration interpolation value of the third opening of the cathode three-way valve, and collects data from the cathode inlet air flow meter 8 to control the cathode air flow feedback control according to the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow calibration interpolation value. Step S3: The FCCU collects data from the fuel cell outlet water temperature gauge 9 and the coolant flow meter 6 in real time, and controls the high-pressure water pump 3 according to the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate calibration interpolation to ensure that the cell temperature is within the calibration range.

[0040] Step S4: When the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches V 怠速 Furthermore, the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches P 怠速 When the fuel cell resumes its normal operating strategy, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0041] Compared to existing technologies, current methods for mitigating catalyst degradation rates in fuel cell commercial vehicles include: start-up clamping potential control, controlling load change rate, and reducing start-up / start-up frequency. However, in real-world high-power fuel cell commercial vehicle operating conditions, such as uphill driving, high altitudes, and rugged mountain roads, excessively high load change frequency and rate, and frequent start-up / start-up are unavoidable. Furthermore, high-power fuel cells have long start-up times, and clamping potential strategies only apply during stable output idling conditions; the start-up process still faces the problem of rapid catalyst degradation due to prolonged high potential. This application addresses the pain points of long start-up times, short catalyst lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles by precisely controlling the hydrogen return from the anode nitrogen vent valve outlet to the cathode inlet during stack start-up. Utilizing the characteristic of the cathode voltage reduction due to chemical combustion, this slows down catalyst degradation rates during fuel cell commercial vehicle start-up, while also reducing hydrogen safety hazards caused by high hydrogen emission concentrations during start-up. This solves the problems of long start-up times, low catalyst lifespan due to degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles.

[0042] According to the fuel cell startup method proposed in this application, if the initial startup voltage is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell are calculated based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current. The current water pump coolant flow rate is calculated based on the fuel cell heat generation power, stack coolant density, and specific heat capacity. Based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate, the calibration interpolation of the first opening frequency and the calibration of the first opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode nitrogen venting valve are used. The fuel cell startup is controlled by pre-calibrated interpolation values ​​for the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated third opening degree of the pre-calibrated cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate until the real-time voltage and real-time power of the fuel cell reach the preset idle voltage and the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell startup is considered complete. This solves the problems of long startup time, short catalyst lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles. By precisely controlling the return of hydrogen from the anode nitrogen vent valve outlet to the cathode inlet during the fuel cell stack startup process, and utilizing the characteristic of the chemical combustion reaction at the cathode to reduce the cathode voltage, the catalyst degradation rate is slowed down during the startup of fuel cell commercial vehicles, while also reducing the hydrogen safety hazards caused by high hydrogen emission concentrations during startup.

[0043] Next, the fuel cell starting device according to the embodiments of this application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of a fuel cell starting device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, the fuel cell start-up device 10 includes: an acquisition module 100, a calculation module 200, and a control module 300.

[0046] The system includes: an acquisition module 100, used to acquire the initial start-up voltage of the fuel cell; if the initial start-up voltage is greater than or equal to a preset open-circuit voltage, it acquires the current air metering ratio, current stack current, fuel cell heat output, stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate; a calculation module 200, used to calculate the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the stack anode tail based on the current air metering ratio and current stack current, and to calculate the current water pump coolant flow rate based on the fuel cell heat output and stack coolant density and specific heat capacity; and a control module 300, used to control the current cathode inlet air flow rate, current water pump coolant flow rate, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate. The inlet hydrogen flow rate is controlled by the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate to control the fuel cell startup until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell startup is determined to be complete.

[0047] Optionally, in some embodiments, the system further includes: a first calibration module, used to acquire the open-circuit voltage at startup and the idle voltage at startup end using a fuel cell test bench, to obtain pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage and pre-calibrated idle voltage; and a second calibration module, used to calibrate, using a fuel cell test bench, the first opening frequency calibration interpolation value and the first opening degree calibration interpolation value of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency calibration interpolation value and the second opening degree calibration interpolation value of the anode three-way valve, and to calculate the rate at which the fuel cell drops from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage. The first calibration module is used to obtain a pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate calibration interpolation value; the second calibration module is used to calibrate the compressor speed calibration interpolation value and the third opening value of the cathode three-way valve when the fuel cell voltage drops from the pre-calibrated open circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage using a fuel cell test bench, and to calculate the cathode inlet air flow rate when the fuel cell voltage drops from the pre-calibrated open circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, thus obtaining a pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate calibration interpolation value; the third calibration module is used to calibrate the water pump coolant flow rate during stack startup using a fuel cell test bench, thus obtaining a pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate calibration interpolation value.

[0048] Optionally, in some embodiments, the current cathode inlet air flow rate is: m air =λ air *N*I*M air / 4*F*0.21(g / s; Where, λ air Where N is the air metering ratio, I is the number of battery cells, and M is the stack current. air Let F be the molar mass of air, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0049] Optionally, in some embodiments, the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack is: Q H2-out =V ocv当前 *Q H2 / Heat generation voltage; Among them, Q H2-out Q represents the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack. H2 V represents the hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet. ocv当前 This is the current open-circuit voltage.

[0050] Optionally, in some embodiments, the current water pump coolant flow rate is: Q 冷却液 = P fuel / (C P *△T*ρ* ε), Among them, P fuel For the heat output power of fuel cells, C P ρ is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator, ρ is the density of the coolant, and ε is the correction coefficient for the temperature difference between the gas and liquid crossflow.

[0051] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the fuel cell start-up method embodiment also applies to the fuel cell start-up device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] According to the fuel cell starting device proposed in the embodiments of this application, if the initial starting voltage is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell are calculated based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current. The current water pump coolant flow rate is calculated based on the fuel cell heat generation power, stack coolant density, and specific heat capacity. Based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate, the calibration interpolation of the first opening frequency and the calibration of the first opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode nitrogen venting valve are used. The fuel cell startup is controlled by pre-calibrated interpolation values ​​for the second opening frequency and second opening degree of the pre-calibrated anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated third opening degree of the pre-calibrated cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated water pump coolant flow rate until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell startup is considered complete. This solves the problems of long startup time, short catalyst lifespan due to catalyst degradation, and excessive hydrogen emissions in fuel cell commercial vehicles. It can slow down the catalyst degradation rate during startup and reduce the hydrogen safety hazards caused by high hydrogen emission concentrations during startup.

[0053] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include: The memory 701, the processor 702, and the computer program stored on the memory 701 and executable on the processor 702.

[0054] When the processor 702 executes the program, it implements the fuel cell start-up method provided in the above embodiments.

[0055] Furthermore, electronic devices also include: Communication interface 703 is used for communication between memory 701 and processor 702.

[0056] The memory 701 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 702.

[0057] The memory 701 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0058] If the memory 701, processor 702, and communication interface 703 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 703, memory 701, and processor 702 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 7 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0059] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 701, processor 702, and communication interface 703 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 701, processor 702, and communication interface 703 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0060] The processor 702 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0061] This application also provides a computer program product on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described fuel cell start-up method.

[0062] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0064] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0065] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequential list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer program product for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer program product" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit a program for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples of computer program products (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection having one or N wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic device, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, the computer program product can even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0066] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0067] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer program product, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0068] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer program product.

[0069] The computer program product mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell start-up method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the initial start-up voltage of the fuel cell. If the initial start-up voltage is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, then obtain the current air metering ratio, current stack current, fuel cell heat generation power, stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate. The current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell are calculated based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current. The current water pump coolant flow rate is calculated based on the fuel cell heat production power, stack coolant density, and specific heat capacity. Based on the current cathode inlet air flow rate, the current water pump coolant flow rate, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate, the fuel cell is controlled to start up according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the anode nitrogen venting valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the hydrogen flow rate, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the cathode inlet air flow rate, and the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the water pump coolant flow rate until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches the preset idle power, at which point the fuel cell startup is determined to be complete.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The open-circuit voltage at startup and the idle voltage at the end of startup of the fuel cell were obtained using a fuel cell test bench, and the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage and the pre-calibrated idle voltage were obtained respectively. Using the fuel cell test bench, the calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve during the process of the fuel cell dropping from a preset open-circuit voltage to a preset idle voltage are calibrated, as are the calibration interpolation values ​​of the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the anode three-way valve. The calibration interpolation value of the hydrogen flow rate during the process of the fuel cell dropping from a preset open-circuit voltage to a preset idle voltage is calculated, and the calibration interpolation value of the preset hydrogen flow rate is obtained. Using the fuel cell test bench, the calibration interpolation values ​​of the air compressor speed and the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve are calibrated during the process of the fuel cell dropping from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage. The calibration interpolation value of the cathode inlet air flow rate during the process of the fuel cell dropping from the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage to the pre-calibrated idle voltage is calculated to obtain the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate. Using the fuel cell test bench, the flow rate of the water pump coolant during stack startup is calibrated to obtain a pre-calibrated interpolation value for the water pump coolant flow rate.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current cathode inlet air flow rate is: m air =λ air N I M air / 4 F 0.21, unit is g / s; where λ air is the air stoichiometric ratio, N is the number of cells, I is the stack current, M air is the air molar mass, and F is the Faraday constant.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack is: Q H2-out =V ocv当前 Q H2 / Heat generation voltage; Among them, Q H2-out Q represents the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell stack. H2 V represents the hydrogen flow rate at the anode inlet. ocv当前 This is the current open-circuit voltage.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current coolant flow rate of the water pump is: Q 冷却液 =P fuel / (C P △T r e), Among them, P fuel For the heat output power of fuel cells, C P ρ is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator, ρ is the density of the coolant, and ε is the correction coefficient for the temperature difference between the gas and liquid crossflow.

6. A fuel cell starting device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the initial start-up voltage of the fuel cell. If the initial start-up voltage is greater than or equal to the preset open-circuit voltage, the current air metering ratio, current stack current, fuel cell heat production power, stack coolant density and specific heat capacity, and current anode inlet hydrogen flow rate are acquired. The calculation module is used to calculate the current cathode inlet air flow rate and the amount of hydrogen recirculated from the anode tail of the fuel cell based on the current air metering ratio and the current stack current, and to calculate the current water pump coolant flow rate based on the fuel cell heat generation power and the stack coolant density and specific heat capacity. The control module is used to control the fuel cell to start up based on the current cathode inlet air flow, the current water pump coolant flow, and the current anode inlet hydrogen flow, according to the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the first opening frequency and the first opening degree of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the second opening frequency and the second opening degree of the anode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the hydrogen flow, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the air compressor speed, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the third opening degree of the cathode three-way valve, the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the cathode inlet air flow, and the pre-calibrated calibration interpolation values ​​of the water pump coolant flow, until the real-time voltage of the fuel cell reaches a preset idle voltage and the real-time power of the fuel cell reaches a preset idle power, and then determine that the fuel cell startup is complete.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The first calibration module is used to obtain the open-circuit voltage at startup and the idle voltage at the end of startup of the fuel cell through the fuel cell test bench, so as to obtain the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage and the pre-calibrated idle voltage. The second calibration module is used to calibrate the first opening frequency calibration interpolation value and the first opening degree calibration interpolation value of the anode nitrogen purging valve, the second opening frequency calibration interpolation value and the second opening degree calibration interpolation value of the anode three-way valve, and calculate the hydrogen flow rate of the fuel cell when the pre-calibrated open circuit voltage drops to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, thereby obtaining the calibration interpolation value of the pre-calibrated hydrogen flow rate; The third calibration module is used to calibrate the compressor speed calibration interpolation value of the fuel cell when the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage drops to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, the third opening degree calibration interpolation value of the cathode three-way valve, and calculate the cathode inlet air flow rate of the fuel cell when the pre-calibrated open-circuit voltage drops to the pre-calibrated idle voltage, thereby obtaining the calibration interpolation value of the pre-calibrated cathode inlet air flow rate. The fourth calibration module is used to calibrate the water pump coolant flow rate during stack startup using the fuel cell test bench, and obtain a pre-calibrated calibration interpolation value for the water pump coolant flow rate.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The current cathode inlet air flow rate is: m air =λ air N I M air / 4 F 0.21, unit is g / s; Where, λ air Where N is the air metering ratio, I is the number of battery cells, and M is the stack current. air Let F be the molar mass of air, and F be the Faraday constant.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the fuel cell start-up method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the fuel cell start-up method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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