Control method of fuel cell system and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a control method of a fuel cell system and an electronic device. The method provided by the present disclosure comprises: executing a first control process in response to a cathode gas inlet stack pressure sensor failure, the first control process comprising: executing an opening degree control of a cathode gas back pressure valve with a target value of the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve corresponding to a current cathode gas flow in a first mapping table corresponding to a current working condition as a target; and executing an anode gas pressure control with a first anode gas pressure target value as a target, the first anode gas pressure target value being determined according to a cathode gas inlet stack pressure estimated value, the cathode gas inlet stack pressure estimated value being determined according to the current cathode gas flow and the target value of the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve corresponding thereto. The present disclosure can control the fuel cell system to continue to provide a certain electric energy output to the outside when the cathode gas inlet stack pressure sensor fails.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a control method and electronic device for a fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] As a clean and efficient energy technology, fuel cell systems can be applied in scenarios such as power plants, homes, and vehicles.

[0003] During normal operation, a fuel cell system (FCS) requires control of both the cathode gas inlet pressure and the anode gas inlet pressure. Typically, the cathode gas inlet pressure is controlled using feedback signals from a cathode gas inlet sensor. Maintaining a suitable pressure difference between the anode and cathode during normal operation ensures proper functioning and helps extend the lifespan of the proton exchange membrane. Therefore, the anode gas inlet pressure control is strongly correlated with the cathode gas inlet pressure.

[0004] If the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor of the fuel cell system malfunctions, the two pressure controls mentioned above (i.e., cathode gas pressure control and anode gas pressure control) will be unable to function. The fuel cell system will have to enter an emergency shutdown state and will no longer provide power to external devices. External devices powered by the fuel cell system (such as vehicles, home appliances, power plants, etc.) will be forced to stop abruptly, causing great inconvenience to users and reducing the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a control method and electronic device for a fuel cell system. According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a control method for a fuel cell system is provided, the method comprising: In response to a cathode gas feed pressure sensor malfunction, a first control procedure is executed, the first control procedure including: The opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve is executed with the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate in the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition. The first mapping table contains the target values ​​of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to different cathode gas flow rates under the current operating condition. Anode gas pressure control is performed with a first anode gas pressure target value, which is determined based on an estimated cathode gas inlet pressure. The estimated cathode gas inlet pressure is determined based on the current cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening target value.

[0006] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the first mapping table is obtained by adaptive learning of the cathode gas infeed pressure data of the fuel cell system under fault-free conditions of the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor. The cathode gas infeed pressure data includes: the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure measured by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor under the current operating condition reaches the target value of the cathode gas infeed pressure.

[0007] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the method further includes: Verify whether the operating status of the fuel cell system meets the predetermined activation conditions, which include no fault in the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor and no fault in the cathode gas back pressure valve. When the operating status of the fuel cell system meets the activation conditions, the cathode gas inlet pressure data under the current operating conditions is collected. The cathode gas inlet pressure data includes the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure. The first mapping table is updated using the cathode gas infeed pressure data under the current operating conditions.

[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the activation condition further includes one or more of the following: The actual current fluctuation rate of the fuel cell system is less than the third predetermined threshold. The average inlet and outlet water temperatures of the fuel cell system are greater than the fourth predetermined threshold. The operating time of the fuel cell system exceeds the fifth predetermined threshold.

[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, updating the first mapping table using the cathode gas feed pressure data under the current operating condition includes: The actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure is filtered to obtain an estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating conditions. When the rate of change of the estimated cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating condition is less than the sixth predetermined threshold, the cathode gas flow rate and the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the estimated cathode gas infeed pressure are written into the first mapping table.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the step of controlling the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve with a target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate in a first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition includes: Turn off the closed-loop control function of the cathode gas pressure in the fuel cell system; Query the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition to obtain the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate; Control the cathode gas back pressure valve to adjust its opening to the target value.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the step of performing anode gas pressure control with a first anode gas pressure target value includes: The target value of the anode gas injection pressure is determined using the estimated cathode gas injection pressure and a first predetermined threshold; and, Perform closed-loop control of anode gas pressure so that the actual value of anode gas infeed pressure measured in real time by the anode gas infeed pressure sensor reaches the first anode gas pressure target value. Wherein, the first predetermined threshold is greater than the second predetermined threshold, the first predetermined threshold represents the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack when the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor fails, and the second predetermined threshold represents the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack when the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor is functioning properly.

[0012] Some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure also include: During the execution of the first control process, the output power of the fuel cell system and its rate of change are detected. When the output power and / or the rate of change of output power of the fuel cell system does not meet the first predetermined condition, the output power of the fuel cell system is reduced to a level not higher than the maximum permissible power of the fuel cell system at an output power change rate not higher than the maximum permissible power change rate. The first predetermined condition includes one or both of the following: The output power of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum allowable power of the fuel cell system. The rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum permissible rate of change of the power of the fuel cell system.

[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the method further includes: timing the execution of the first control flow to obtain the runtime of the first control flow, and shutting down the first control flow and executing a shutdown procedure to stop the fuel cell system from working when the runtime of the first control flow reaches a seventh predetermined threshold.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure, the method further includes: In response to the absence of a fault in the cathode gas injection pressure sensor, a second control procedure is executed, the second control procedure including: The actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure detected by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is obtained, and the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve is controlled to ensure that the actual value of the cathode gas pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas pressure under the current operating condition; and, Anode gas pressure control is performed with a second anode gas pressure target value, which is determined based on the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure.

[0015] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: one or more processors and a memory storing a program, the program including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the methods described above.

[0016] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, through the embodiments of this disclosure, the fuel cell system can still provide a certain amount of electrical energy output when the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor fails, which facilitates users to take timely remedial measures (for example, it allows drivers to drive the vehicle to a designated location for storage or repair, and allows users to disconnect household appliances from the fuel cell system in time to avoid failure of household appliances due to sudden stops, etc.). This not only improves the fault-tolerant control capability of the fuel cell system, but also brings great convenience to users and effectively enhances the user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the exemplary structure of the cathode gas supply subsystem and the anode gas supply subsystem of the fuel cell system provided in this disclosure, and their connection with the fuel cell stack. Figure 2 A flowchart of a control method for a fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 3 This is an example diagram of a mapping table involved in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the mapping table update process according to an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of controlling the opening of a cathode gas back pressure valve with a target value for the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve, as described in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 Another flowchart of the fuel cell system control method provided in this disclosure embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell system control device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 A schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0019] Label Explanation: 100 Fuel Cell System 110 fuel cell stack 121 Hydrogen Injection Pressure Sensor 122 Hydrogen Injection Proportional Valve 123 Hydrogen Ejector 124 Hydrogen heater 125 Hydrogen pressure relief valve 126 Gas-water separator 127 exhaust valve 128 drain valve 129 Hydrogen Supply Valve 131 Intake Air Filter 132 air flow meter 133 air compressor 134 air intercooler 135 Air Humidifier 136 Air bypass valve 137 Air back pressure valve 138 exhaust muffler 139 Air Inlet Shut-off Valve 1310 Air discharge shut-off valve 1311 Air Inlet Temperature Sensor 1312 Air Intake Pressure Sensor Detailed Implementation The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0020] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0021] Depending on the context, words such as "if," "when," etc., used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrases "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."

[0022] As mentioned earlier, if the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor of the fuel cell system malfunctions, the cathode gas pressure control of the fuel cell stack cathode and the anode gas pressure control of the fuel cell stack anode will be impossible, and the fuel cell system will have to enter an emergency shutdown state, causing great inconvenience to users.

[0023] In view of this, the embodiments of this disclosure provide the following fuel cell system and its control method, apparatus, equipment, medium and vehicle, which enable the fuel cell system to still provide a certain amount of electrical energy output when the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor fails, so that users can take timely remedial measures (for example, it can make it convenient for the driver to drive the vehicle to a designated location for storage or repair, and it can make it convenient for the user to disconnect household appliances from the fuel cell system in time to avoid failure of household appliances due to sudden stop, etc.), thereby improving the fault-tolerant control capability of the fuel cell system and bringing great convenience to users, effectively improving the user experience.

[0024] This disclosure provides a fuel cell system including a fuel cell control unit (FCU) that can be used to execute the control method of the fuel cell system described below.

[0025] For example, the fuel cell system of this disclosure may include: a cathode gas supply subsystem, an anode gas supply subsystem, an electronic control subsystem, a fuel cell stack, and a hydrothermal management subsystem. The electronic control system includes the aforementioned fuel cell control unit (FCU), which can be used to execute the control method of the fuel cell system described below. The cathode gas supply subsystem is used to supply air to the fuel cell stack, the anode gas supply subsystem is used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, the electronic control subsystem is used to control the operation of other parts, and the hydrothermal management subsystem is responsible for the hydrothermal management of the fuel cell stack.

[0026] Figure 1 An exemplary structure of the cathode gas supply subsystem and the anode gas supply subsystem of the fuel cell system 100 provided in this disclosure embodiment is shown, along with a schematic diagram of their connection to the fuel cell stack.

[0027] See Figure 1The cathode gas supply subsystem of this disclosure may include: an intake air filter 131, an air flow meter 132, an air compressor 133, an air intercooler 134, an air humidifier 135, an air outlet shut-off valve 1310, an air inlet shut-off valve 1309, an air inlet pressure sensor 1312, an air inlet temperature sensor 1311, an air bypass valve 136, an air back pressure valve 137, and an exhaust muffler 138, etc.

[0028] The working principle of the cathode air supply subsystem is as follows: Air compressor 133 draws in air through intake air filter 131 and air flow meter 132, compresses and pressurizes it, and then cools it through air intercooler 134 and humidifies it through air humidifier 135. When the fuel cell system is working normally, air bypass valve 136 is closed, and air inlet shut-off valve 1309, air outlet shut-off valve 1310, and air back pressure valve 137 are open. The air cooled by air intercooler 134 and humidified by air humidifier 135 flows through the fuel cell stack and reacts inside the stack. Then it is discharged through tail exhaust muffler 138 and tail exhaust port. During this process, air inlet pressure sensor 1312 detects the actual value of air inlet pressure at the fuel cell cathode in real time, and air inlet temperature sensor 1311 detects the actual value of air inlet temperature at the fuel cell cathode in real time. When the fuel cell system is started and the anode is purged, no air is needed to enter the stack. At this time, the air bypass valve 136 is opened, and the air inlet shut-off valve 1309, the air outlet shut-off valve 1310, and the air back pressure valve 137 are closed at the same time. The air that has been compressed by the air compressor 133, cooled by the air intercooler 134, and humidified by the air humidifier 135 flows through the air bypass valve 136 and then through the tail exhaust muffler 138 and is directly discharged through the tail exhaust port.

[0029] Air compressor 133 is used to draw in air and compress and pressurize it, while the speed of the motor is adjusted to control the air flow rate; the air flow rate is measured in real time by air flow meter 132; air bypass valve 136 allows air to bypass the fuel cell stack directly; air inlet pressure sensor 1312 is used to measure the air pressure entering the fuel cell stack through the fuel cell stack cathode in real time; air inlet shut-off valve and air outlet shut-off valve 1310 are used to close the air pipelines before and after the fuel cell stack to control whether air enters the fuel cell stack or not; air back pressure valve 137 is used to control the pressure of the air entering the fuel cell stack cathode (i.e., air inlet pressure), and the air back pressure valve 137 adjusts the air inlet pressure by the size of its opening.

[0030] See Figure 1 The anode gas supply subsystem of this disclosure embodiment may include: a hydrogen infeed pressure sensor 121, a hydrogen injection proportional valve 122, a hydrogen ejector 123, a hydrogen heater 124, a hydrogen pressure relief valve 125, a gas-liquid separator 126, an exhaust valve 127, a drain valve 128, and a hydrogen supply valve 129, etc. Furthermore, the anode gas supply subsystem also includes: a hydrogen circulation pump (…). Figure 1(Not shown) and other components.

[0031] The working principle of the anode gas supply subsystem is as follows: Hydrogen gas from the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is depressurized and then enters the front end of the hydrogen injection proportional valve 122, which is directly driven by the fuel cell controller. When the fuel cell system is working, the fuel cell controller performs closed-loop control of the hydrogen injection proportional valve 122 based on the deviation between the target pressure and the actual pressure (measured by the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 121 and input to the fuel cell controller) to ensure that the actual pressure of the anode reaches the target pressure. The target pressure is determined by the operating conditions of the fuel cell (different target pressures are set according to different currents). During the operation of the fuel cell system, nitrogen gas and liquid water on the cathode side cross the proton exchange membrane to reach the anode side, causing a decrease in the anode gas concentration. Excessive liquid water on the anode side will prevent the anode gas from reaching the anode proton exchange membrane, leading to a decrease in stack performance and even carbon corrosion on the anode side. Therefore, when the fuel cell system is working, nitrogen gas must be discharged to the outside through the exhaust valve 127, which is directly driven by the fuel cell controller, to maintain a suitable hydrogen concentration in the anode chamber. Water must also be drained through the drain valve 128, which is directly driven by the fuel cell controller, to prevent hydrogen starvation. The exhaust control of exhaust valve 127 and the drainage control of drain valve 128 are generally related to the operating conditions of the fuel cell system. Higher power results in more frequent nitrogen and water venting and drainage. The hydrogen circulation pump's function is to recirculate unreacted anode gas from the anode outlet through the gas-liquid separator 126 back into the stack inlet, providing excess anode gas to meet the stack's anode gas excess metering ratio requirements. The gas-liquid separator 126 (a physical device, not controlled by the fuel cell controller) separates liquid water from the gaseous-liquid mixture at the anode outlet and stores it above drain valve 128. After a certain accumulation period, the fuel cell controller opens drain valve 128 for drainage control. The gas-liquid separator 126 separates hydrogen and nitrogen; hydrogen returns to the hydrogen ejector 123, while nitrogen is discharged through exhaust valve 127.

[0032] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The fuel cell system provided in this disclosure is merely an example of an embodiment of the fuel cell system, and those skilled in the art should understand that the fuel cell system provided in this disclosure may also employ other structures.

[0033] The fuel cell system provided in this disclosure can be applied to various application scenarios, such as power plants, home environments, and mobile applications like vehicles. This disclosure does not limit the specific application scenarios of the fuel cell system.

[0034] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a control method for a fuel cell system provided in this disclosure is shown. The control method for the fuel cell system provided in this disclosure can be executed by a fuel cell controller within the fuel cell system. See also... Figure 2 The method in this disclosure embodiment may include: Step 202: In response to a fault in the cathode gas feed pressure sensor, execute a first control procedure, which includes the following sub-steps: Step 2021: Execute the opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve with the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate in the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition. The first mapping table contains the target values ​​of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to different cathode gas flow rates under the current operating condition. Step 2023: Perform anode gas pressure control with the first anode gas pressure target value as the objective. The first anode gas pressure target value is determined based on the estimated cathode gas inlet pressure, which is determined based on the current cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening target value.

[0035] In practical applications, the types of cathode and anode gases differ depending on the type of fuel cell system. Taking a hydrogen fuel cell system as an example, the cathode gas can be air, and the anode gas can be hydrogen.

[0036] Before step 202, the method 200 of this embodiment may further include: step 201, detecting the status of the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor and performing fault diagnosis to determine whether the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is faulty. In specific applications, the status detection and fault diagnosis of the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor can be implemented in any applicable manner. The status detection and fault diagnosis of the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor can begin when the fuel cell system is powered on, be executed periodically during the operation of the fuel cell system, or be executed in the background in real time, so as to promptly detect the fault condition of the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor and execute the corresponding control process.

[0037] The operating conditions of a fuel cell system can be flexibly configured according to the needs of actual application scenarios. In specific applications, taking vehicles as an example, the operating conditions of the fuel cell system can be controlled by the vehicle controller by sending the required power. Under a specific operating condition, in order for the output power of the fuel cell system to meet the demand, the cathode gas infeed pressure needs to reach the target value of the cathode gas infeed pressure corresponding to that required power in real time.

[0038] The first mapping table contains target values ​​for the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve corresponding to different cathode gas flow rates under the current operating condition. When the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve reaches the target value, the cathode gas infeed pressure will reach the target value for the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating condition. The first mapping table can be, but is not limited to, a two-dimensional mapping table or other applicable forms. The specific format of the first mapping table is not limited in the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0039] In step 2021, the first mapping table can be read from the memory. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the memory stores multiple mapping tables, each corresponding to a specific operating condition. Each mapping table contains target values ​​for the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to different cathode gas flow rates under a given operating condition. The cathode gas infeed pressure obtained from the cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding target value for the cathode gas back pressure valve opening can reach the target value for the cathode gas infeed pressure under the corresponding operating condition. By configuring mapping tables corresponding to different operating conditions in the memory, the control requirements for various operating conditions of the fuel cell system can be met. The memory used to store the mapping tables can be the memory within the fuel cell controller or an external storage device. For example, the memory used to store the mapping tables can be a memory such as an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) used as the memory of the fuel cell controller.

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the mapping table involved in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. See also Figure 3 The set of mapping tables in memory can be denoted as MAP_APT, a single mapping table can be denoted as MAP_APT_Mod, the cathode gas flow rate in a single mapping table can be denoted as y, the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening can be denoted as x, and the estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure can be represented as APT_Mod_xy. In practical applications, the estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure can be calculated from the cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening in the mapping table, and can be selectively recorded in the mapping table as needed.

[0041] Under fault-free conditions, factors affecting the cathode gas inlet pressure of a fuel cell system include, but are not limited to, the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve, the cathode gas flow rate, and the flow resistance of key components (e.g., the stack, intercooler, humidifier, length and shape of the cathode gas pipeline, ambient pressure, humidity, etc.). During the operation of the fuel cell system, only the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve and the cathode gas flow rate change rapidly with different operating conditions, while other factors affecting the cathode gas inlet pressure remain almost unchanged or change only very slowly. Therefore, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the mapping table can be obtained through a self-learning algorithm or other similar algorithms, enabling the mapping table to be adaptively updated in real time, thus more accurately reflecting the current cathode gas inlet pressure of the fuel cell system. For example, the cathode gas back pressure valve in the fuel cell system will age or wear with increased usage time. Using a self-learning algorithm to adaptively update the mapping table allows the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve corresponding to each cathode gas flow rate in the mapping table to dynamically change with the aging of the cathode gas back pressure valve, thereby more accurately reflecting the actual situation of the fuel cell system. The following section uses the first mapping table as an example to explain in detail how the mapping table in memory is obtained and updated.

[0042] Furthermore, the first mapping table can be obtained through adaptive learning of the cathode gas inlet pressure data of the fuel cell system under fault-free conditions of the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor. The cathode gas inlet pressure data includes: the cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure measured by the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor reaches the target value under the current operating conditions. Using adaptive learning to obtain the first mapping table can cover the differences in flow resistance between different fuel cell stacks, humidifiers, and pipelines, the differences in pressure at different altitudes, and the differences in flow resistance throughout the entire life cycle. This approach is not only intelligent but also highly accurate.

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the update process for the first mapping table is shown. In some embodiments, method 200 may further include the following mapping table update process: Step 401: Verify whether the operating status of the fuel cell system meets the predetermined activation conditions; The activation conditions may include: 1) the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is fault-free; 2) the cathode gas back pressure valve is fault-free. The fault-free condition of the cathode gas back pressure valve includes, but is not limited to, the fault-free operation of the cathode gas back pressure valve's drive component and the fault-free position sensor.

[0044] In practical applications, the FCU performs real-time fault diagnosis on the cathode gas feed pressure sensor and the cathode gas back pressure valve, including real-time diagnosis of components such as the cathode gas back pressure valve sensor and drive motor. The FCU can use this real-time diagnosis to verify the aforementioned activation conditions.

[0045] Step 402: When the operating status of the fuel cell system meets the activation conditions, collect the cathode gas inlet pressure data under the current operating conditions. The cathode gas inlet pressure data includes the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure. Step 403: Update the first mapping table using the cathode gas infeed pressure data under the current operating conditions.

[0046] Therefore, the mapping table can be adaptively learned in real time through the above steps during the operation of the fuel cell system, so as to further improve the accuracy of the mapping table and the intelligence of the fuel cell system.

[0047] In some implementations, the activation conditions, in addition to the two conditions 1) and 2) mentioned above, may include one or more of the following: 3) The actual current fluctuation rate of the fuel cell system is less than the third predetermined threshold; 4) The average inlet water temperature and the average outlet water temperature of the fuel cell system are greater than the fourth predetermined threshold. 5) The operating time of the fuel cell system exceeds the fifth predetermined threshold.

[0048] In practical applications, the fuel cell DC-DC converter (FC DC / DC) has a current sensor inside. It can measure the actual current of the fuel cell system in real time through the FC DC / DC and send it to the FCU of the fuel cell system through the CAN bus. The FCU can estimate the actual current fluctuation rate of the fuel cell system based on the actual current of the fuel cell system.

[0049] In practical applications, the average water temperature entering the fuel cell system can be detected by the infeed water temperature sensor and provided to the fuel cell controller, and the average water temperature exiting the fuel cell system can be detected by the outfeed water temperature sensor and provided to the fuel cell controller.

[0050] In one example, the fuel cell system meets the following conditions: the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is fault-free, the cathode gas back pressure valve position sensor is fault-free, the cathode gas back pressure valve has no drive fault, the fuel cell system operates stably (i.e., the fluctuation rate of the actual current is less than the third set threshold Tsd_Curr), and the average water temperature at the fuel cell infeed and the average water temperature at the fuel cell outfeed are both greater than the fourth predetermined threshold Tsd_Wtemp. If all the above conditions are met and the operating time (continuous operation time) of the fuel cell system exceeds the fifth predetermined threshold, the activation condition for the self-learning of the mapping table can be considered to be met. At this time, the first mapping table can be updated by collecting cathode gas infeed pressure data under various operating conditions.

[0051] In practical applications, the third, fourth, and fifth predetermined thresholds can be calibrated in the actual application scenario. For example, the third predetermined threshold can be set to 5 A / s, and the fourth predetermined threshold can be set to 60℃.

[0052] In some embodiments, the cathode gas infeed pressure data may include, in addition to the cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding target value for the cathode gas back pressure valve opening, the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure corresponding to the target value for the cathode gas back pressure valve opening, which is measured by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor.

[0053] In some implementations, updating the first mapping table using the cathode gas infeed pressure data under the current operating condition in step 403 may include: first, filtering the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure to obtain an estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating condition; determining whether the rate of change of the estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating condition is less than a sixth predetermined threshold. If the rate of change of the estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating condition is less than the sixth predetermined threshold, the cathode gas infeed pressure control can be considered stable. At this time, the cathode gas flow rate and cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure can be written into the first mapping table. In specific applications, the sixth predetermined threshold can be pre-calibrated or taken as an empirical value. For example, the sixth predetermined threshold can be 5 kPa / s.

[0054] Filtering the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure may include: removing the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure that has not reached the target value under the current operating conditions, and using the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure that has reached the target value under the current operating conditions as the estimated value of the cathode gas inlet pressure under the current operating conditions.

[0055] In step 403, the process of writing the cathode gas flow rate and cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the estimated cathode gas inlet pressure into the first mapping table can be implemented in any applicable manner. Specifically, assuming that the rate of change of the estimated cathode gas inlet pressure under the current operating condition is less than a sixth predetermined threshold, the cathode gas flow rate and cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the estimated cathode gas inlet pressure include: the first cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding first cathode gas back pressure valve opening, and the second cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding second cathode gas back pressure valve opening. If the first mapping table contains a corresponding entry for the first cathode gas flow rate, the first cathode gas back pressure valve opening can be used to overwrite the original cathode gas back pressure valve opening in the corresponding entry for the first cathode gas flow rate. If the first mapping table does not contain a corresponding entry for the second cathode gas flow rate, a new corresponding entry for the second cathode gas flow rate can be added, and the second cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding third cathode gas back pressure valve opening can be written into that corresponding entry.

[0056] The method for determining the initial value of the first mapping table is similar to the aforementioned update process. The difference is that during calibration, it is not necessary to determine whether the rate of change of the estimated cathode gas infeed pressure is less than the sixth predetermined threshold. Instead, the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual cathode gas infeed pressure reaches the target cathode gas infeed pressure are directly written into the first mapping table.

[0057] As can be seen from the above, during the operation of the fuel cell system, as long as the activation conditions are met, the mapping tables in the memory can be continuously updated to achieve adaptive learning of the mapping tables. The updating of the mapping tables is synchronized with the operation of the fuel cell system, so that the mapping tables can more accurately reflect the actual situation of the cathode gas inlet pressure under different operating conditions, truly reflect the actual situation of each system component in the fuel cell system, and cover the differences in flow resistance between different stacks, humidifiers, and pipelines in the fuel cell system, the differences in pressure at different altitudes, and the differences when the flow resistance changes throughout the entire life cycle. It is not only intelligent, but also highly accurate.

[0058] The following provides a detailed description of exemplary implementations of the first control flow in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0059] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary implementation of step 2021 is shown. See also: [link to implementation details]. Figure 5 Step 2021 may specifically include: Step 501: Disable the closed-loop control function of the cathode gas pressure of the fuel cell system; Step 502: Query the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition to obtain the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate; Step 503: Control the cathode gas back pressure valve to adjust its opening to the target value.

[0060] Therefore, when the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor of the fuel cell system fails, it is not necessary to perform closed-loop control of the cathode gas pressure. The opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve can be controlled by simply using the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening in the mapping table. This can satisfy the current cathode gas infeed pressure to reach the target value and meet the actual needs of the current operating condition.

[0061] For example, step 503 can be implemented as follows: the FCU sends an instruction carrying the target opening value of the cathode gas back pressure valve to the cathode gas back pressure valve. The driving component of the cathode gas back pressure valve drives the valve to rotate according to the target opening value of the cathode gas back pressure valve in the instruction. After the valve stops rotating, the position sensor of the cathode gas back pressure valve detects the valve position of the cathode gas back pressure valve and sends it to the FCU. The FCU receives and verifies whether the valve position of the cathode gas back pressure valve meets the requirement of the target opening value of the cathode gas back pressure valve. If it does, the process terminates. Otherwise, the instruction is sent again and the above process is repeated until the valve position of the cathode gas back pressure valve makes the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve reach its target opening value.

[0062] The opening degree of a cathode gas back pressure valve can be expressed in any applicable way. For example, the opening degree of a cathode gas back pressure valve can be expressed as a percentage opening, stroke, or rotation angle. Percentage opening refers to the valve opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve, with a value ranging from 0% (fully closed) to 100% (fully open). Stroke refers to the distance the cathode gas back pressure valve moves from the fully closed position to the current open position, usually measured in millimeters (mm) or inches (in). For butterfly valves, the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve can be expressed by the rotation angle of the butterfly valve, with a value ranging from 0° (fully closed) to 90° (fully open).

[0063] In some implementations, step 2022 may include: determining a target value for the anode gas feed pressure using an estimated cathode gas feed pressure and a first predetermined threshold, and performing closed-loop control of the anode gas pressure to ensure that the actual value of the anode gas feed pressure measured in real time by the anode gas feed pressure sensor reaches the first target anode gas pressure value. Determining the target anode gas feed pressure in real time using the estimated cathode gas feed pressure can maintain the pressure difference between the stack anode and stack cathode within a reasonable range in the event of a cathode gas feed pressure sensor failure, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell system.

[0064] In one example, the closed-loop control process for anode gas pressure may include: acquiring the actual value of anode gas infeed pressure detected in real time by the anode gas infeed pressure sensor; determining whether the currently detected actual value of anode gas pressure has reached the current target value of anode gas infeed pressure; if the actual value of anode gas pressure has not reached the target value of anode gas infeed pressure, then executing the opening control of the anode gas injection proportional valve to adjust the actual value of anode gas pressure, and repeating this process until the actual value of anode gas pressure reaches the target value of anode gas infeed pressure.

[0065] In some implementations, a first predetermined threshold is greater than a second predetermined threshold. The first predetermined threshold represents the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack when the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor fails, and the second predetermined threshold represents the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack when the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor is functioning correctly. After a cathode gas inlet pressure sensor failure, increasing the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack prevents the cathode gas inlet pressure from exceeding the anode gas inlet pressure. This ensures that the closed-loop control of the anode gas pressure is functioning correctly while maintaining the pressure difference between the anode and cathode within a reasonable range, ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell system and extending the lifespan of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system.

[0066] Typically, the anode pressure of the fuel cell stack is about 10-20 kPa higher than the cathode pressure. That is, the second predetermined threshold is usually set at 10-30 kPa, and the first predetermined threshold can be increased by 10 kPa or other values ​​based on the second predetermined threshold. For example, the first predetermined threshold can be set at 20-40 kPa.

[0067] For example, if the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor fails, the target value of the anode gas infeed pressure of the fuel cell stack anode can be calculated by the following formula (1): FPT_dmd = APT_Mod + B(1) Where FPT_dmd represents the target value of the anode gas infeed pressure, APT_Mod represents the estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure, and B represents the first predetermined threshold.

[0068] Furthermore, during the execution of the first control flow, the control method 200 of this embodiment may further include the following steps a1 to a3: Step a1: During the execution of the first control process, the output power of the fuel cell system and its rate of change are detected; Step a2: If the output power and / or the rate of change of output power of the fuel cell system meet the first predetermined condition, continue to maintain and execute the first control process; Step a3: If the output power and / or the rate of change of output power of the fuel cell system does not meet the first predetermined condition, the output power of the fuel cell system is reduced to a level not higher than the maximum allowable power of the fuel cell system at an output power change rate not higher than the maximum allowable power change rate. The first predetermined condition may include: 1) the output power of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum allowable power of the fuel cell system; 2) the rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system is less than the rate of change of the maximum allowable power of the fuel cell system.

[0069] Therefore, after the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor fails, the output power and / or the rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system can be limited during the execution of the first control process. This ensures that the real-time output power of the fuel cell system does not exceed the maximum allowable power and the rate of change of the output power does not exceed the maximum allowable rate of change of the output power, preventing overshoot and ensuring the stability of pressure control and differential pressure control. This makes the change of cathode gas infeed pressure smooth and can further avoid pressure changes caused by uncertainties due to flooding (e.g., the uncertainty of pressure changes caused by flooding, the rapid rate of pressure changes caused by flooding, etc.). The maximum permissible power and the maximum permissible rate of change of the fuel cell system can be pre-calibrated. For example, the maximum permissible power of the fuel cell system can be the output power when the current density is 0.5 to 0.6, and the maximum permissible rate of change of the fuel cell system can be an empirical value, such as 2 kW / s.

[0070] Furthermore, the control method 200 of this embodiment may further include: timing the execution of the first control flow to obtain the runtime of the first control flow; shutting down the first control flow and executing a shutdown procedure to stop the fuel cell system when the runtime of the first control flow reaches a seventh predetermined threshold. If the runtime of the first control flow does not reach the seventh predetermined threshold, the first control flow can continue to be executed until the runtime of the first control flow reaches the seventh predetermined threshold. Thus, the runtime of the first control flow can be controlled to prevent the fuel cell stack from being damaged due to excessive runtime, thereby better protecting the fuel cell stack and extending the service life of the fuel cell system while meeting the user's convenience needs.

[0071] In practical applications, timing can automatically begin in response to a cathode gas infeed pressure sensor malfunction and the start of the first control process. Timing continues throughout the execution of the first control process to determine its runtime. If the runtime of the first control process exceeds a predetermined seventh threshold, the fuel cell system can be controlled to enter an emergency stop state, preventing the fuel cell engine from starting until the next self-test. This ensures that the fuel cell engine is only allowed to start after the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor malfunction has resolved, thus better protecting the fuel cell stack and extending its lifespan.

[0072] The following provides a detailed description of the overall implementation process of the control method for fuel cells provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0073] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a specific implementation flow of the fuel cell system control method provided in this disclosure is shown. See also... Figure 6 The method 200 provided in this disclosure further includes: Step 203: In response to the fault-free operation of the cathode gas feed pressure sensor, execute the second control procedure, which includes: Step 2031: Obtain the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure detected by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor, and execute the opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve so that the actual value of the cathode gas pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas pressure under the current operating conditions. Step 2032: Perform anode gas pressure control with the second anode gas pressure target value as the objective. The second anode gas pressure target value is determined based on the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure.

[0074] Step 2031 can be achieved through the closed-loop control function of the cathode gas in the fuel cell system. Specifically, in step 2031, each time the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure is received from the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor, it is determined whether the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure has reached the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure under the current operating condition. If the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure has not reached the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure under the current operating condition, the opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve is executed. If the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure has reached the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure under the current operating condition, the opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve is no longer executed. This process is repeated until the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure under the current operating condition.

[0075] In step 2032, the target value of the second anode gas pressure can be determined based on the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure and a second predetermined threshold. For example, the target value of the second anode gas pressure can be the sum of the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure and the second predetermined threshold, where the value of the second predetermined threshold can range from 10 to 30 kPa. This ensures the normal operation of the closed-loop control of the anode gas pressure during the operation of the fuel cell system, while maintaining the pressure difference between the anode and cathode within a reasonable range, thus preventing damage to the fuel cell stack.

[0076] Therefore, assuming the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is functioning correctly, it can be used as a signal feedback input to control the cathode gas infeed pressure at the fuel cell cathode, ensuring that the actual cathode gas infeed pressure reaches the target value. Maintaining the cathode gas pressure at the target value ensures that the fuel cell efficiency remains within a high range, which helps to increase the reaction rate between the cathode gas and the anode gas, thereby increasing the fuel cell output voltage.

[0077] When the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is functioning properly, a certain pressure difference (i.e., a second predetermined threshold) can be added to the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure fed back by the sensor in real time as the target value for anode gas pressure control. By using this target value for anode gas pressure control, the anode gas pressure of the fuel cell stack can be closed-loop controlled in real time. This can maintain the pressure difference between the fuel cell stack anode and the fuel cell stack cathode within a reasonable range, avoid fuel cell stack damage, and extend the service life of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system.

[0078] During the execution of step 203, the output power of the fuel cell system can be detected and kept within the allowable range for normal operation of the fuel cell system.

[0079] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the control device for a fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. See also... Figure 7The control device 700 of the fuel cell system may include: a first control module 701, which can be used to execute a first control process in response to a fault in the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor. The first control process may include: executing the opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve with the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate in a first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition; the first mapping table contains the target values ​​of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to different cathode gas flow rates under the current operating condition; and executing the anode gas pressure control with the target value of the first anode gas pressure, which is determined based on the estimated value of the cathode gas inlet pressure, and the estimated value of the cathode gas inlet pressure is determined based on the current cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening.

[0080] Further, see Figure 7 The control device 700 of the fuel cell system provided in this embodiment may further include: a fault diagnosis module 702, which is used to detect the status of the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor and perform fault diagnosis to determine whether the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is faulty. If the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is faulty, the first control module 701 is triggered to start. If the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is not faulty, the second control module 703 is triggered to start.

[0081] Further, see Figure 7 The control device 700 for the fuel cell system provided in this embodiment may further include a second control module 703. The second control module 703 can be used to execute a second control process in response to a fault-free cathode gas infeed pressure sensor. The second control process includes: acquiring the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure detected by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor; controlling the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve to make the actual value of the cathode gas pressure reach the target value of the cathode gas pressure under the current operating condition; and executing anode gas pressure control with a second anode gas pressure target value, the second anode gas pressure target value being determined based on the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure.

[0082] Further, see Figure 7 The control device 700 for the fuel cell system provided in this embodiment may further include a self-learning module 704. The self-learning module 704 can be used to adaptively learn the cathode gas infeed pressure data of the fuel cell system under fault-free conditions to obtain a first mapping table. The cathode gas infeed pressure data may include: the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure measured by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor reaches the target value of the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating conditions.

[0083] Further, see Figure 7The fuel cell control device 700 provided in this embodiment may further include a storage module 705 for storing a first mapping table. Specifically, the storage module 705 may store multiple mapping tables, each corresponding to a specific operating condition. For example, the storage module 705 may be the memory described above for storing the mapping tables.

[0084] Further, see Figure 7 The fuel cell control device 700 provided in this embodiment may further include: a power control module 706, which can be used to detect the output power of the fuel cell system and its output power change rate during the operation of the first control module; when the output power and / or output power change rate of the fuel cell system does not meet a first predetermined condition, the output power of the fuel cell system is reduced to the maximum permissible power of the fuel cell system at the maximum permissible power change rate; wherein, the first predetermined condition includes one or two of the following: 1) the output power of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum permissible power of the fuel cell system; 2) the output power change rate of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum permissible power change rate of the fuel cell system.

[0085] Further, see Figure 7 The fuel cell control device 700 provided in this embodiment may further include: a timing module 707, which can be used to time the execution process of the first control module to obtain the running time of the first control module, and shut down the first control module and execute a shutdown process to stop the fuel cell system from working when the running time of the first control module reaches a seventh predetermined threshold.

[0086] In specific applications, the control device 700 of the fuel cell system can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of both. For example, the control device 700 of the fuel cell system can be implemented as software running in the aforementioned fuel cell system's fuel cell controller.

[0087] Other technical details regarding the control device 700 for the fuel cell system can be found in the control method section above, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] In addition, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, the program including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing device, perform the steps of the aforementioned control method for a fuel cell system.

[0089] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. This electronic device can be the main controller of the aforementioned fuel cell system. See also... Figure 8The electronic device 800 may include one or more processors 801, and a memory 802 storing one or more programs, which are executed by the one or more processors 801 to implement the method flow and / or program units corresponding to each unit in the apparatus shown in the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0090] The various components are interconnected via different buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or otherwise as required. Processor 801 can process instructions executed within the electronic device, including instructions stored in or on memory to display graphical information of a user interface on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to an interface). In other embodiments, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used with multiple memories and multiple memory modules, if desired.

[0091] Processor 801 may include one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Processor 801 may include any combination of general-purpose processors or special-purpose processors (such as graphics processors, application processors, baseband processors, etc.).

[0092] Memory 802 is the computer-readable storage medium provided in this disclosure, which can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and units, such as those in the embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 2 The program instructions / units corresponding to the control method of the fuel cell system shown are as follows. The processor 801 executes non-transient software programs, instructions, and units stored in the memory 802, thereby performing operations such as those described in the above method embodiments. Figure 2 The control method for the fuel cell system shown includes the corresponding program, instructions, and units.

[0093] The electronic device 800 may further include an input device 803 and an output device 808. The processor 801, memory 802, input device 803, and output device 808 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 8 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0094] Input device 803 can receive input numerical or character information, and generate signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the point cloud annotation device, such as a touch screen, keypad, mouse, trackpad, touchpad, indicator, one or more mouse buttons, trackball, joystick, etc. Output device 808 may include a display device, auxiliary lighting device (e.g., LED), and haptic feedback device (e.g., vibration motor). The display device may include, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, and a plasma display. In some embodiments, the display device may be a touch screen.

[0095] The aforementioned programs (also known as software, software applications, or code) include the machine instructions of a programmable processor and can be implemented using object-oriented programming languages, assembly language, or machine language.

[0096] With the development of time and technology, the meaning of "medium" has become increasingly broad. The dissemination of computer programs is no longer limited to tangible media; they can also be downloaded directly from the network. Any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media can be used. Computer-readable storage media can be, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus.

[0097] In a specific implementation, the electronic device 800 can be implemented as, but is not limited to, a fuel cell controller in a fuel cell system.

[0098] This disclosure also provides a vehicle that includes the aforementioned fuel cell system, electronic equipment, or control device for the fuel cell system.

[0099] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this disclosure. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this disclosure. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this disclosure, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0100] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A control method for a fuel cell system, characterized in that, The method includes: In response to a cathode gas feed pressure sensor malfunction, a first control procedure is executed, the first control procedure including: The opening control of the cathode gas back pressure valve is executed with the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate in the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition. The first mapping table contains the target values ​​of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to different cathode gas flow rates under the current operating condition. Anode gas pressure control is performed with a first anode gas pressure target value, which is determined based on an estimated cathode gas inlet pressure. The estimated cathode gas inlet pressure is determined based on the current cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening target value. The first mapping table is obtained by adaptively learning the cathode gas inlet pressure data of the fuel cell system under fault-free conditions of the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor. The cathode gas inlet pressure data includes: the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure measured by the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor under the current operating condition reaches the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Verify whether the operating status of the fuel cell system meets the predetermined activation conditions, which include no fault in the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor and no fault in the cathode gas back pressure valve. When the operating status of the fuel cell system meets the activation conditions, the cathode gas inlet pressure data under the current operating conditions is collected. The cathode gas inlet pressure data includes the cathode gas flow rate and the corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening when the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas inlet pressure. The first mapping table is updated using the cathode gas infeed pressure data under the current operating conditions.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The activation conditions also include one or more of the following: The actual current fluctuation rate of the fuel cell system is less than the third predetermined threshold. The average inlet and outlet water temperatures of the fuel cell system are greater than the fourth predetermined threshold. The operating time of the fuel cell system exceeds the fifth predetermined threshold.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of updating the first mapping table using the cathode gas injection pressure data under the current operating conditions includes: The actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure is filtered to obtain an estimated value of the cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating conditions. When the rate of change of the estimated cathode gas infeed pressure under the current operating condition is less than the sixth predetermined threshold, the cathode gas flow rate and the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the estimated cathode gas infeed pressure are written into the first mapping table.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the opening of the cathode gas back pressure valve with the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate in the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition includes: Turn off the closed-loop control function of the cathode gas pressure in the fuel cell system; Query the first mapping table corresponding to the current operating condition to obtain the target value of the cathode gas back pressure valve opening corresponding to the current cathode gas flow rate; Control the cathode gas back pressure valve to adjust its opening to the target value.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing anode gas pressure control with a first anode gas pressure target value includes: The target value of the anode gas injection pressure is determined using the estimated cathode gas injection pressure and a first predetermined threshold; and, Perform closed-loop control of anode gas pressure so that the actual value of anode gas infeed pressure measured in real time by the anode gas infeed pressure sensor reaches the first anode gas pressure target value. Wherein, the first predetermined threshold is greater than the second predetermined threshold, the first predetermined threshold represents the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack when the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor fails, and the second predetermined threshold represents the pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack when the cathode gas inlet pressure sensor is functioning properly.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: During the execution of the first control process, the output power of the fuel cell system and its rate of change are detected. When the output power and / or the rate of change of output power of the fuel cell system does not meet the first predetermined condition, the output power of the fuel cell system is reduced to a level not higher than the maximum permissible power of the fuel cell system at an output power change rate not higher than the maximum permissible power change rate. The first predetermined condition includes one or both of the following: The output power of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum allowable power of the fuel cell system. The rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system is less than the maximum permissible rate of change of the power of the fuel cell system.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The execution process of the first control flow is timed to obtain the runtime of the first control flow. When the runtime of the first control flow reaches a seventh predetermined threshold, the first control flow is shut down and a shutdown procedure is executed to stop the fuel cell system from working.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the absence of a fault in the cathode gas injection pressure sensor, a second control procedure is executed, the second control procedure including: The actual value of the cathode gas infeed pressure detected by the cathode gas infeed pressure sensor is obtained, and the opening degree of the cathode gas back pressure valve is controlled to ensure that the actual value of the cathode gas pressure reaches the target value of the cathode gas pressure under the current operating condition; and, Anode gas pressure control is performed with a second anode gas pressure target value, which is determined based on the actual value of the cathode gas inlet pressure. The cathode gas flow rate and its corresponding cathode gas back pressure valve opening at the target infeed pressure value.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory for storing one or more processors and programs, the programs comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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