Integrated construction equipment for open-cut tunnel

Abstract

The application provides an open cut tunnel integrated construction equipment, which comprises a U-shaped open cut shield machine, a front shield, a supporting mechanism and a compensation assembly; the supporting mechanism is two, which are respectively slidably arranged on the two sides of the shield body and can be driven to expand outward or contract inward relative to the shield body; the compensation assembly is arranged between the two supporting mechanisms and can act after the supporting mechanism expands outward to cover the exposed area generated by the expansion, and the application relates to the technical field of construction equipment, wherein the two-stage adjustment of the working width of the front shield is realized through the slidable expansion of the supporting mechanism and the linkage mechanism, so that one equipment can adapt to two width tunnel sections, the equipment purchase cost and the project cost are reduced, and through the design of the compensation assembly and the top shell, the gap generated after the expansion of the supporting mechanism can be automatically and reliably closed, the inflow of silt is effectively prevented, and the internal precision mechanism is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction equipment technology, and in particular to integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The cut-and-cover method is a common tunnel construction technique, which typically includes steps such as trench excavation, pit wall support, tunnel structure laying, and backfilling. To improve construction efficiency and safety, the U-shaped cut-and-cover tunnel boring machine was developed.

[0003] Traditional U-shaped open-cut shield tunneling machines typically consist of a front shield, a middle shield, and a tail shield that are articulated sequentially. The front shield, as the first part to be excavated, usually has a fixed width. However, in actual tunnel engineering projects, the design width of the tunnel may vary due to differences in route planning, geological conditions, or functional requirements. Construction companies are often forced to customize front shields of different specifications for tunnel sections of different widths, or to stop construction and carry out tedious overall component replacement work. This not only greatly increases the cost of equipment manufacturing and procurement, but also leads to extended construction cycles and low work efficiency, which seriously restricts the flexibility and economy of construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment to improve the versatility of the front shield of a U-shaped open-cut tunnel boring machine.

[0005] This invention provides an integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment, including a U-shaped open-cut shield machine. The U-shaped open-cut shield machine includes a front shield, a middle shield, and a tail shield connected in sequence. The front shield includes a shield body, a support mechanism, and a compensation component. The support mechanism consists of two parts, which are slidably disposed on both sides of the shield body and can be driven to expand outward or contract inward relative to the shield body. The compensation component is disposed between the two support structures and is operable after the support structures expand outward to cover the exposed area created by the expansion.

[0006] Preferably, the front shield further includes a linkage mechanism, which includes a drive component, two sliding plates, and a transmission assembly; The driving component is mounted on the shield body, and its output end is connected to a sliding plate for driving it to slide along the shield body. The two sliding plates are respectively fixedly connected to the two support mechanisms; The transmission assembly connects the two slide plates to synchronously transmit the sliding motion of one slide plate to the other slide plate, so that the two support mechanisms can move in opposite directions synchronously.

[0007] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft, a strip plate, and two inclined plates; The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the shield body; The middle part of the strip plate is fixed on the rotating shaft and can rotate synchronously with it; One end of each of the two inclined plates is hinged to both ends of the strip plate, and the other end of each of the two inclined plates is hinged to the two sliding plates.

[0008] Preferably, the shield body is provided with a slider with a T-shaped cross section; the slide plate is provided with a T-shaped groove adapted to the slider, the groove being embedded in the slider and being able to slide along it.

[0009] Preferably, the driving component is a hydraulic cylinder, and the number of hydraulic cylinders is one or two.

[0010] Preferably, the compensation component includes: A U-shaped cover plate is fixed to the top of the shield body. The U-shaped cover plate and the top of the shield body together form a shell structure with a closed top and open sides. The openings on both sides are used for the sliding plate that is fixedly connected to the support mechanism to move. Two protective shells are fixedly connected to the two support mechanisms respectively and can move synchronously with them. The inner part of the protective shell covers the top two sides of the shell structure. Compensation plate; And a connecting unit that connects the compensation plate to the two protective shells; When the protective shell moves outward, the compensation plate can be pulled towards the center of the front shield by the connecting unit until it extends into the gap created between the two due to the movement of the protective shell.

[0011] Preferably, the connection unit includes; A cylindrical body, wherein the cylindrical body is fixedly disposed with the cover plate; A sliding rod that slidably passes through the cylinder; One end of the slide rod is fixedly connected to the compensation plate, and the other end is provided with a hinge block; Two connecting plates, one end of each connecting plate is hinged to the hinge block, and the other end of each connecting plate is hinged to the protective shell.

[0012] Preferably, the front end face of the protective shell and the front end face of the compensation plate together form an arc-shaped support surface that is adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a top shell that covers the area between the two protective shells and the connecting unit, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the U-shaped cover plate to prevent external mud and sand from entering.

[0014] Preferably, the top shell has a first guide groove and a second guide groove; the first guide groove is an elongated hole, the extension direction of which is consistent with the movement direction of the protective shell, for the tops of the two connecting plates to pass through, and to provide guidance and limit for their swing; the second guide groove is opened in the middle of the top shell, the shape of which is adapted to the movement trajectory of the compensation plate, for accommodating and guiding the movement of the compensation plate.

[0015] This invention provides integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment: 1. Through the sliding and expandable support mechanism and linkage mechanism, the working width of the front shield can be adjusted in two stages, enabling one piece of equipment to adapt to tunnel cross sections of two widths, thereby reducing equipment purchase costs and project costs. 2. Through the design of the compensation components and the top shell, the gaps generated after the support mechanism is expanded can be automatically and reliably sealed, effectively preventing mud and sand from flowing in, protecting the internal precision mechanism, and improving the reliability and safety of equipment operation. 3. The expansion of the support mechanism and the sealing action of the compensation plate are completed in conjunction, requiring no additional operation, simplifying the process and improving construction efficiency; 4. The T-shaped slider groove guide and mechanical synchronous linkage mechanism are adopted to make the movement process smooth and synchronous, improve the load-bearing capacity and extend the service life. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the front shield, middle shield, and tail shield in this invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Structural diagram of the U-shaped cover plate, protective shell, compensation plate, connecting plate, and top shell; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding plate, strip plate, inclined plate, slider and driving component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective shell, compensation plate, and connecting plate in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective shell, compensation plate, connecting unit, and connecting plate in this invention; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder, slide rod, compression spring, retaining ring, and stop block in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism in this invention when it is deployed; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this invention where the protective shell is connected to the compensation plate when it contracts; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this invention where the protective shell is connected to the compensation plate when it is deployed; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped open-cut shield tunneling machine installed in the tunnel according to the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1- U-shaped open-cut tunnel boring machine; 11-Shield body, 12-Support mechanism, 13-Compensation component, 14-Linkage mechanism; Linkage mechanism (14) components: 141-Skateboard (first), 142-Skateboard (second), 143-Shaft, 144-Strip, 145-Slope, 146-Slider, 147-Driver, 148-Groove; Compensation component (13) Component: 131- U-shaped cover plate, 132- protective shell, 133- compensation plate, 134- connecting unit, 135- connecting plate, 136- top shell, 1361- first guide groove, 1362- second guide groove; Connection unit (134) component: 1341-Cylinder body, 1342-Slide rod, 1343-Hinge block. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, referring to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment includes a U-shaped open-cut shield machine 1. The U-shaped open-cut shield machine 1 includes a front shield, a middle shield and a tail shield connected in sequence. The front shield includes a shield body 11, a support mechanism 12 and a compensation component 13. There are two support mechanisms 12, which are slidably installed on both sides of the shield body 11 and can be driven to expand outward or retract inward relative to the shield body 11. The compensation component 13 is disposed between the two support mechanisms 12 and can operate after the support mechanisms 12 expand outward to cover the exposed area created by the expansion.

[0023] Specifically, the U-shaped open-cut tunnel boring machine 1 is a technology known to those skilled in the art, and we will not discuss who is at fault here. The front shield is the core component of the U-shaped open-cut tunnel boring machine 1 to achieve the width adjustment function. It includes a shield body 11 as the main support structure, and two support mechanisms 12 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the shield body 11. These two support mechanisms 12 can move synchronously along the direction close to or away from the center line of the shield body 11 under the drive of external force, thereby realizing the expansion and contraction of the overall working width of the front shield. The compensation component 13 is installed on the upper part of the shield body 11 and located between the two support mechanisms 12. Its core function is: when the support mechanism 12 extends outward into place, the moving parts in the compensation component 13 will automatically move towards the center of the equipment, accurately covering and closing the (triangular or trapezoidal) area exposed by the movement of the support mechanism 12, thereby forming a complete and continuous tunneling face. In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the front shield also includes a linkage mechanism 14, which includes a drive component, two slide plates 141 and 142, and a transmission assembly. The driving component is mounted on the shield body 11, and its output end is connected to a sliding plate 141 to drive it to slide along the shield body 11. Two sliding plates 141 and 142 are respectively fixedly connected to two support mechanisms 12; The transmission assembly connects two slide plates 141 and 142 to synchronously transmit the sliding motion of one slide plate 141 to the other slide plate 142, so that the two support mechanisms 12 can move in opposite directions synchronously.

[0024] Specifically, in order to achieve synchronous movement of the support mechanism 12, a linkage mechanism 14 is specially set up in the front shield. This mechanism includes a driving component (such as a hydraulic cylinder 147) as a power source. The driving component is installed in a suitable position on the shield body 11, and its output end (such as the piston rod end) is fixedly connected to one of the slide plates 141. The two slide plates 141 and 142 are fixedly connected to the two support mechanisms 12 respectively. Therefore, the linear output of the driving component is directly converted into the linear movement of the slide plate 141.

[0025] The transmission assembly rigidly connects the two slide plates 141 and 142. When the drive component pushes slide plate 141 to move, the transmission assembly will immediately transmit this motion to the other slide plate 142, so that the two slide plates 142 always move in opposite directions and have approximately the same displacement, thereby ultimately driving the two support mechanisms 12 to complete synchronous reverse motion.

[0026] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft 143, a strip plate 144, and two inclined plates 145; The rotating shaft 143 is rotatably mounted on the shield body 11; The middle part of the strip plate 144 is fixed on the rotating shaft 143 and can rotate synchronously with it; One end of each of the two inclined plates 145 is hinged to both ends of the strip plate 144, and the other end of each of the two inclined plates 145 is hinged to the two sliding plates 141 and 142, respectively.

[0027] Specifically, the rotating shaft 143 is rotatably mounted on the shield body 11 through a structure such as a bearing seat; the middle part of the strip plate 144 is fixedly fitted to the middle part of the rotating shaft 143 by means of key connection or interference fit, so that the strip plate 144 can rotate together with the rotating shaft 143. One end of each of the two inclined plates 145 is hinged to both ends of the strip plate 144, and the other end of each of the two inclined plates 145 is hinged to the two sliding plates 141 and 142, respectively.

[0028] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the shield body 11 is provided with a slider 146 with a T-shaped cross section; the slide plates 141 and 142 are provided with T-shaped grooves 148 that are adapted to the slider 146, and the grooves 148 are embedded in the slider 146 and can slide along it. Specifically, to ensure that the slide plates 141 and 142 can still move smoothly and linearly when subjected to huge earth pressure, a slider 146 is provided; correspondingly, a T-shaped groove 148 that precisely matches the slider 146 is machined on the bottom of the slide plates 141 and 142. During installation, the T-shaped grooves 148 of the slide plates 141 and 142 are inserted from the side into the T-shaped sliders 146 of the shield body 11, thereby sliding the slide plates 141 and 142 onto the shield body 11. This connection method allows the slide plates 141 and 142 to slide freely along the length of the slider 146, but at the same time restricts their degrees of freedom in all other directions, ensuring the accuracy of the motion trajectory and the load-bearing capacity.

[0029] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the driving component is a hydraulic cylinder 147, and the number of hydraulic cylinders 147 is one or two; Specifically, the drive component adopts the design of hydraulic cylinder 147. Because it has the advantages of large output force, controllable speed and convenient arrangement, one or two hydraulic cylinders 147 can be selected according to the required driving force. When one hydraulic cylinder is set, it acts on one slide (such as 141) and drives the other slide through the above-mentioned transmission components.

[0030] In addition, when two hydraulic cylinders are set, two slide plates 141 and 142 can be connected respectively, and the synchronous movement of the two hydraulic cylinders can be ensured through mechanical feedback or electronic control system in hydraulic system.

[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the compensation component 13 includes: A U-shaped cover plate 131 is fixed to the top of the shield body 11. The U-shaped cover plate 131 and the top of the shield body 11 together form a shell structure with a closed top and open sides. The openings on both sides are used for the movement of the sliding plates 141 and 142 that are fixedly connected to the support mechanism 12. Two protective shells 132 are fixedly connected to two support mechanisms 12 respectively and can move synchronously with them. The inner part of the protective shell 132 covers the top two sides of the shell structure. Compensation plate 133; And a connecting unit 134, which is connected between the compensation plate 133 and the two protective shells 132; When the protective shell 132 moves outward, the compensation plate 133 can be pulled by the connecting unit 134 to move to the middle of the front shield until it extends into the gap between the two caused by the movement of the protective shell 132. Specifically, the U-shaped cover plate 131 is fixed to the top of the shield body 11 by bolts or welding, and the two together form a box-shaped shell structure with a closed top and only long openings on both sides. These openings are used for the extension and movement of the sliding plates 141 and 142. The two protective shells 132 are respectively fixedly installed on the inner side of the two support mechanisms 12 and can move synchronously with them. The inner part of the protective shell 132 always covers the top surface of the box-shaped shell on both sides, forming a dynamic overlap to prevent mud and sand from entering from above. The compensating plate 133 is the component that ultimately performs the sealing function. A connecting unit 134 forms the transmission link between the protective shell 132 and the compensating plate 133; when the support mechanism 12 drives the protective shell 132 to expand outward, it will stretch or compress the connecting unit 134, and the unit 134 will then generate a reverse force, pulling the compensating plate 133 to move towards the center of the equipment until it completely enters and seals the gap between the two protective shells 132 caused by separation.

[0032] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the connection unit 134 includes; Cylinder 1341, cylinder 1341 and cover plate 131 are fixedly installed; A sliding rod 1342 slidably passes through the cylinder 1341; One end of the slide bar 1342 is fixedly connected to the compensation plate 133, and the other end is provided with a hinge block 1343; Two connecting plates 135, one end of each connecting plate 135 is hinged to the hinge block 1343, and the other end of each connecting plate 135 is hinged to the protective shell 132.

[0033] Specifically, the cylinder 1341 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the U-shaped cover plate 131; the slide rod 1342 passes through the cylinder 1341 and can slide freely relative to it; the front end of the slide rod 1342 (the end pointing to the center line of the equipment) is fixedly connected to the compensation plate 133; a hinge block 1343 is machined or installed at the tail end of the slide rod 1342, and the hinge block 1343 is hinged to the two connecting plates 135 through a pin.

[0034] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the front end face of the protective shell 132 and the front end face of the compensation plate 133 together form an arc-shaped support surface that is adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0035] Specifically, the working surfaces (i.e. the front faces near the tunnel soil) of the protective shell 132 and the compensation plate 133 are not flat; their surfaces are processed into arc-shaped curved surfaces that perfectly match the inner wall of the tunnel design; when the compensation plate 133 is moved into place, its arc-shaped front face smoothly connects with the arc-shaped front faces of the left and right protective shells 132, forming a continuous, seamless, and complete arc surface together.

[0036] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a top shell 136, which covers the area between the two protective shells 132 and the connecting unit 134. Its bottom is fixedly connected to the U-shaped cover plate 131 to prevent external mud and sand from entering.

[0037] Specifically, to further improve the sealing performance, a top shell 136 is added above the U-shaped cover plate 131. The top shell 136 acts like a "lid" and covers the top of the U-shaped cover plate 131 by means of bolts or other means, completely enclosing the entire area between the two protective shells 132 and the connecting unit 134 inside it, forming a closed cavity. The top shell 136 reduces the possibility of mud, sand, and muddy water falling in from above and accumulating on precision mechanisms (such as hinge points, springs, etc.). In addition, the top shell 136 is not completely sealed, and when mud and sand enter its interior, they can be blown out using an external compressed air pipe.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the top shell 136 has a first guide groove 1361 and a second guide groove 1362. The first guide groove 1361 is an elongated hole, and its extension direction is consistent with the movement direction of the protective shell 132. It is used for the tops of the two connecting plates 135 to pass through and to provide guidance and limit for their swing. The second guide groove 1362 is opened in the middle of the top shell 136. Its shape is adapted to the movement trajectory of the compensation plate 133 and is used to accommodate and guide the movement of the compensation plate 133.

[0039] Specifically, the top shell 136 is not completely sealed, and two key functional grooves are provided on it; the first guide groove 1361 is two long holes, the direction of which is parallel to the movement direction of the protective shell 132; the tops of the two connecting plates 135 pass through these two long holes respectively. The long holes provide the necessary movement space for the swing of the connecting plates 135, and limit its movement range to prevent it from swinging excessively. The second guide groove 1362 is an opening located in the middle of the top shell 136, the shape of which matches the movement trajectory of the compensation plate 133. The compensation plate 133 moves within the groove, which provides precise guidance to ensure that it extends and retracts smoothly along a predetermined path. At the same time, the gap between the groove and the compensation plate 133 is extremely small, effectively limiting the intrusion of mud and sand.

[0040] The working principle of this application is illustrated below with a preferred embodiment: When the width of the front shield needs to be adjusted, the drive unit (hydraulic cylinder 147) is activated. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 147 extends and pushes the connected sliding plate 141 to move along the shield body 11. When the sliding plate 141 is pushed to the side of the pit, it will pull the strip plate 144 through the inclined plate 145 hinged to it. Since the middle part of the strip plate 144 is fixed, this pulling will cause the strip plate 144 to rotate. The rotation of the strip plate 144 will then push the inclined plate 145 at its other end to move towards the other side of the pit, thereby driving the sliding plate 142 to move. This causes the two sliding plates 141 and 142 to drive their respective support mechanisms 12 to move synchronously and in opposite directions, thereby realizing the adjustment of the width of the front shield. During this process, when the protective shell 132 moves outward, it pulls the connecting plate 135. The hinge point of the connecting plate 135 is like "splitting", which converts the separation movement of the two protective shells 132 into an inward pushing force on the hinge block 1343, thereby pushing the slide rod 1342 to move inward and pushing the compensation plate 133 out of the second guide groove 1362 of the top shell 136 to fill the gap caused by the expansion of the two protective shells 132. (When the protective shell 132 is reset, it drives the two connecting plates 135 to move. The connecting plate 135 drives the slide rod 1342 to move through the hinge block 1343 to pull the compensation plate 133 to reset.)

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment, including a U-shaped open-cut shield machine (1), wherein the U-shaped open-cut shield machine (1) comprises a front shield, a middle shield, and a tail shield connected in sequence, characterized in that: The front shield includes a shield body (11), a support mechanism (12), and a compensation component (13). The support mechanism (12) consists of two parts, which are slidably disposed on both sides of the shield body (11) and can be driven to expand outward or contract inward relative to the shield body (11). The compensation component (13) is disposed between the two support mechanisms (12) and can move after the support mechanism (12) expands outward to cover the exposed area caused by the expansion. The front shield also includes a linkage mechanism (14), which includes two sliding plates (141, 142). The two sliding plates (141, 142) are fixedly connected to the two support mechanisms (12) respectively. The compensation component (13) includes: A U-shaped cover plate (131) is fixed to the top of the shield body (11). The U-shaped cover plate (131) and the top of the shield body (11) together form a shell structure with a closed top and open sides. The open sides are used to allow the sliding plates (141, 142) fixedly connected to the support mechanism (12) to move. Two protective shells (132) are fixedly connected to the two support mechanisms (12) respectively, and can move synchronously with the support mechanisms (12). The inner part of the protective shell (132) covers the top two sides of the shell structure. Compensation plate (133); And a connecting unit (134) connected between the compensation plate (133) and the two protective shells (132); When the protective shell (132) moves outward, the compensation plate (133) can be pulled towards the center of the front shield by the connecting unit (134) until it extends into the gap created between the protective shell (132) and the shield. The connection unit (134) includes: A cylindrical body (1341) is fixedly disposed with the U-shaped cover plate (131); A slide rod (1342) slidably passes through the cylinder (1341). One end of the slide bar (1342) is fixedly connected to the compensation plate (133), and the other end is provided with a hinge block (1343). Two connecting plates (135), one end of each connecting plate (135) is hinged to the hinge block (1343), and the other end of each connecting plate (135) is hinged to the protective shell (132). The front end face of the protective shell (132) and the front end face of the compensation plate (133) together form an arc-shaped support surface that adapts to the inner wall of the tunnel, and It also includes a top shell (136) that covers the area between the two protective shells (132) and the connecting unit (134), and its bottom is fixedly connected to the U-shaped cover plate (131) to prevent external mud and sand from entering. The top shell (136) is provided with a first guide groove (1361) and a second guide groove (1362); the first guide groove (1361) is an elongated hole, and its extension direction is consistent with the movement direction of the protective shell (132), which is used for the tops of the two connecting plates (135) to pass through, and to provide guidance and limit for the swing of the protective shell (132); the second guide groove (1362) is opened in the middle of the top shell (136), and its shape is adapted to the movement trajectory of the compensation plate (133), which is used to accommodate and guide the movement of the compensation plate (133).

2. The integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism (14) includes a driving component and a transmission assembly; The driving component is mounted on the shield body (11), and its output end is connected to a sliding plate (141) for driving the sliding plate (141) to slide along the shield body (11); The transmission assembly connects the two slide plates (141, 142) to synchronously transmit the sliding motion of one slide plate (141) to the other slide plate (142), so that the two support mechanisms (12) can move in opposite directions synchronously.

3. The integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft (143), a strip plate (144), and two inclined plates (145). The rotating shaft (143) is rotatably mounted on the shield body (11); The middle part of the strip plate (144) is fixed on the rotating shaft (143) and can rotate synchronously with it; One end of each of the two inclined plates (145) is hinged to both ends of the strip plate (144), and the other end of each of the two inclined plates (145) is hinged to the two sliding plates (141, 142).

4. The integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The shield body (11) is provided with a slider (146) with a T-shaped cross section; the slide plate (141, 142) is provided with a T-shaped groove (148) that is adapted to the slider (146), the groove (148) is embedded in the slider (146) and can slide along it.

5. The integrated open-cut tunnel construction equipment according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The driving component is a hydraulic cylinder (147), and the number of hydraulic cylinders (147) is one or two.

Images