Multi-adaptive cooperative mining method for gently inclined thin medium-thick bauxite ore

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-adaptability collaborative mining methods of gently inclined thin medium bauxite;Including the following steps: S1: along the ore body strike division mining area and leave and set isolation pillar;S2: construct collaborative development network, including main flat adit, belt transport roadway, air intake lifting inclined shaft and belt air return inclined shaft;S3: with two inclined shafts as boundary and divide mining area into two small mining areas, explore and determine the thickness of each regional ore body, identify thin ore body and medium thick ore body distribution;S4: multi-process collaborative deployment: for medium thick ore body area, deploy fully mechanized mining system;For thin ore body area, deploy room and pillar method system;S5: collaborative recovery: for the area without deploying fully mechanized mining system and room and pillar method system, deploy entry method system for recovery;S6: through unified collaborative development network, carry out ore transportation and ventilation, realize efficient and safe mining in whole mining area;The application is designed by "one system, multiple processes", perfectly adapts to the complex thickness change of gently inclined bauxite from thin to medium thick, solves the industry problem of "water and soil not suitable" of single method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal mining technology, and in particular to a multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite. Background Technology

[0002] Bauxite ore bodies often occur in a gently dipping, thin to medium-thick, and unstable state, posing a significant challenge to efficient, safe, and high-recovery mining. Existing development and mining methods typically have the following limitations:

[0003] 1. Limited approach and adaptability: Traditional systems are mostly designed for a single mining method (such as the room-and-pillar method or the full-wall method), making it difficult to simultaneously and economically handle orebody variations ranging from 1 meter to several meters in thickness. Forcing the use of medium-thick orebody processes in thin orebody processes is inefficient; using thin orebody processes in medium-thick orebody processes results in low recovery rates and safety risks.

[0004] 2. Rigid system and poor coordination: When the ore body conditions are complex and a change of method is required, it is often necessary to build two or more independent development, transportation and ventilation systems, resulting in a large amount of engineering work, high investment, complex management, and easy interference between different systems.

[0005] 3. Low resource recovery rate: The mining area division and pillar placement schemes are crude, especially at the junction of multiple mining methods, which easily form unrecoverable "triangular pillars" or "residual ore bodies", resulting in permanent resource loss.

[0006] 4. Weak safety guarantee: If the ventilation and transportation routes are not well planned, it is easy to cause airflow short circuits, sewage air circulation, or cross-flow of personnel and materials, which poses safety hazards.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a development system and method that can adapt to changes in ore body thickness and dip angle, coordinate and integrate multiple mining processes, and achieve intensive resource extraction. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to achieve the goals of maximizing resource recovery, optimizing the production system, and integrating safety and benefits, this application provides a multi-adaptive collaborative mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits.

[0009] This application provides a multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits, employing the following technical solution:

[0010] A multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits includes the following steps:

[0011] S1: Divide the mining area along the strike of the ore body and leave isolation pillars;

[0012] S2: Construct a collaborative development network, including the main adit, belt conveyor main roadway, intake hoisting inclined shaft, and belt return air inclined shaft;

[0013] S3: The mining area is divided into two smaller mining areas by two inclined shafts. The thickness of the ore body in each area is determined by exploration, and the distribution of thin and medium-thick ore bodies is identified.

[0014] S4: Multi-process coordinated deployment: For medium-thick orebody areas, deploy fully mechanized mining systems; for thin orebody areas, deploy room-and-pillar mining systems.

[0015] S5: Collaborative Recovery: For areas where no fully mechanized mining system or room-and-pillar method system has been deployed, deploy the route method system for recovery;

[0016] S6: Through a unified collaborative development network, ore transportation and ventilation are carried out to achieve efficient and safe mining across the entire mining area.

[0017] Optionally, in step S1, the ore body is divided into several mining areas along the strike at intervals of 1800-2200m, and a 60-70m isolation pillar is left between adjacent mining areas.

[0018] Optionally, in step S2

[0019] Main adit: It is arranged in the bottom strata of the isolation pillar along the dip of the ore body, with one end connected to the surface and the other end connected to the belt conveyor roadway. One main adit is shared by two adjacent mining areas to achieve intensive development.

[0020] Belt conveyor main roadway: Arranged along the strike of the ore body on the bottom plate of the ore body, serving as a centralized ore transportation channel;

[0021] The intake hoisting inclined shaft and the belt conveyor return air inclined shaft are set up side by side at the bottom plate of the ore body in the middle of the mining area. The upper ends of both inclined shafts are connected to the surface, and the lower ends are connected to the belt conveyor main roadway. The intake hoisting inclined shaft is used for personnel and material transportation and serves as the main intake air channel. The belt conveyor return air inclined shaft is used for the main ore transportation and serves as the return air channel. This design realizes the separation and coordination of personnel flow, material flow and air flow.

[0022] Optionally, in step S4:

[0023] For areas with an ore body thickness ≥ 2m, which are considered medium-thick ore bodies, a fully mechanized mining system is arranged: the stopes are arranged along the strike, with a length of approximately 900~1100m, and the fully mechanized mining faces are arranged along the dip direction of the ore body, with an inclined length of approximately 140~160m, with 10~15m pillars left between the stopes; a belt conveyor roadway is arranged at the lower part of the working face for ore transportation and ventilation, and a return air roadway is arranged at the upper part of the working face for equipment and material transportation and return air; both roadways are connected to the two inclined shafts through connecting roads to form an independent ventilation and transportation closed loop;

[0024] For areas with an ore body thickness of <2m, which are considered thin ore bodies, a room-and-pillar system is arranged: a mid-section transport roadway is arranged every 20m or 30m along the vertical height, and each mid-section is connected to the two inclined shafts via connecting roads; the stopes are arranged along the strike, and the arrangement method of true dip or pseudo dip is selected according to the specific dip angle of the gently dipping ore body, with 6~8m pillars left between stopes.

[0025] Optionally, the room-and-pillar method system selects a true-inclination or pseudo-inclination layout for the stope based on the dip angle of the ore body: when the dip angle of the ore body is less than 8°, a true-inclination layout is used; when the dip angle of the ore body is greater than or equal to 8°, a pseudo-inclination layout is used.

[0026] Optionally, to enhance auxiliary transportation and ventilation in the column-supported area, a ramp connecting the main conveyor belt roadway can be arranged in the lowest middle section.

[0027] Optionally, the fully mechanized mining system uses a mining machine to deliver ore, and the ore is transferred to the belt conveyor in the belt return air inclined shaft via a belt conveyor roadway and ore pass.

[0028] The room-and-pillar method and the access method use low-profile continuous mining machines to extract ore. The ore is transferred to the ore pass via low-profile shuttle cars and ore trucks, and then transferred to the belt conveyor in the belt return air inclined shaft. All the ore is finally transported to the surface through the belt conveyor system of the belt conveyor main roadway and the main adit.

[0029] Optionally, in step S4, for small mining areas where both fully mechanized mining systems and room-and-pillar mining systems coexist, an access method system is deployed in the triangular area between the middle section and the roadway for coordinated recovery. An access route with a span of 4m is deployed along the dip or pseudo-dip of the ore body to ensure that no resources are missed.

[0030] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. Excellent adaptability: Through the design of "one system, multiple processes", it perfectly adapts to the complex thickness changes of gently sloping bauxite from thin to medium thickness, solving the industry problem of "shortcomings of single methods".

[0032] 2. High degree of synergy: With two distinct inclined shafts as the core framework, a unified transportation, ventilation, and personnel access network has been constructed, enabling the three processes of fully mechanized mining, room-and-pillar method, and access method to operate in parallel and coordinate production within one system, significantly reducing infrastructure and management costs.

[0033] 3. Extreme resource recovery rate: The innovative “collaborative recovery unit” (path method) is designed to process ores in triangular areas that are traditionally abandoned. Combined with an optimized pillar retention scheme, it achieves a “fully utilized” recovery of valuable mineral resources.

[0034] 4. Inherent safety and high efficiency: Clear separation of personnel, materials, and ore, as well as separation of intake and return air, fundamentally avoids mutual interference between transportation and ventilation systems, improving production safety and operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 A development system diagram for two small mining areas using different mining methods;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-section of Survey Line 8 along the central coast;

[0037] Figure 3 A development system diagram and its cross-section for different mining methods used in the same small mining area;

[0038] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Profile of the No. 8 survey line along the central border.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1. Main adit; 2. Belt conveyor main roadway; 3. Intake hoisting inclined shaft; 31. Outlet of intake hoisting inclined shaft; 4. Belt conveyor return air inclined shaft; 41. Outlet of belt conveyor return air inclined shaft; 5. Return air roadway; 6. Transport roadway; 7. Connecting roadway; 8. Ore pass; 9. Inclined ramp. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0042] This application discloses a multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin to medium-thick bauxite deposits, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1: Divide the gently dipping mining area into several mining zones at intervals of 1800-2200m along the strike, and leave 60-70m isolation pillars between adjacent mining zones;

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the entire gently dipping mining area is divided into several mining zones with a length of 2000m along the strike, and 65m isolation pillars are left between the mining zones.

[0045] S2: Construct a collaborative development network, including the main adit 1, belt conveyor main roadway 2, intake hoisting inclined shaft 3, and belt return air inclined shaft 4;

[0046] Main adit 1: It is arranged in the bottom rock layer of the isolation pillar along the dip of the ore body. One end is connected to the surface and the other end is connected to the belt conveyor roadway 2. One main adit 1 is shared by two adjacent mining areas to achieve intensive development.

[0047] Belt Conveyor Main Roadway 2: Arranged along the strike of the ore body on the bottom plate of the ore body, serving as a centralized ore transportation channel;

[0048] The intake hoisting inclined shaft 3 and the belt conveyor return air inclined shaft 4 are set up side by side at the bottom plate of the ore body in the middle of the mining area. The upper ends of both inclined shafts are connected to the surface, and the lower ends are connected to the belt conveyor main roadway 2. The intake hoisting inclined shaft 3 is used for personnel and material transportation and serves as the main intake air channel. The belt conveyor return air inclined shaft 4 is used for the main ore transportation and serves as the return air channel. This design realizes the separation and coordination of personnel flow, material flow and air flow.

[0049] S3: The mining area is divided into two smaller mining areas by two inclined shafts. The thickness of the ore body in each area is determined by exploration, and the distribution of thin and medium-thick ore bodies is identified.

[0050] S4: Multi-process coordinated deployment: For medium-thick orebody areas, deploy fully mechanized mining systems; for thin orebody areas, deploy room-and-pillar mining systems.

[0051] S5: Collaborative Recovery: For areas where no fully mechanized mining system or room-and-pillar method system has been deployed, deploy the route method system for recovery;

[0052] For areas with an ore body thickness ≥ 2m, which are considered medium-thick ore bodies, a fully mechanized mining system is arranged: the mining area is arranged along the strike, and the working face adopts a longwall type extending along the dip of the ore body, divided into sections with a 150~160m inclined length, with a 10m pillar between sections; a belt conveyor roadway 6 is arranged at the lower part of the working face for ore transportation and ventilation, and a return air roadway 5 is arranged at the upper part of the working face for equipment and material transportation and return air; both roadways are connected to two inclined shafts through connecting roads to form an independent ventilation and transportation closed loop;

[0053] For areas with an ore body thickness of <2m, which are considered thin ore bodies, a room-and-pillar system is adopted: transport roadways are arranged every 20m or 30m along the vertical height, and each roadway is connected to two inclined shafts via connecting roadways; the stopes are arranged along the strike, and the true or pseudo-dipping arrangement is selected according to the specific dip angle of the gently dipping ore body. When the dip angle of the ore body is less than 8°, a true dipping arrangement is adopted; when the dip angle of the ore body is greater than or equal to 8°, a pseudo-dipping arrangement is adopted; pillars of 6~8m are left between stopes.

[0054] Meanwhile, to enhance auxiliary transportation and ventilation in the room column area, a ramp 9 connecting the belt conveyor main roadway 2 is arranged in the lowest middle section.

[0055] refer to Figure 3 In the upper part, for small mining areas where both fully mechanized mining systems and room-and-pillar mining systems exist, a route system is arranged in the triangular area between the middle section and the roadway for coordinated recovery. A 4m span route is arranged along the dip or pseudo-dip of the ore body to ensure that no resources are missed.

[0056] refer to Figure 1-4In the diagram, area A represents the fully mechanized mining system, area B represents the room-and-pillar method system, and area C represents the approach method system.

[0057] Figure 1 The upper and middle sections are fully mechanized mining systems, while the lower section uses a room-and-pillar system. Figure 3 The upper and middle sections are for fully mechanized mining and room-and-pillar systems, while the lower section is for room-and-pillar systems.

[0058] S6: Through a unified collaborative development network, ore transportation and ventilation are carried out to achieve efficient and safe mining across the entire mining area.

[0059] The fully mechanized mining system uses mining machines to deliver ore, which is then transported via belt conveyor roadway 6 and ore pass 8 to the belt conveyor return air inclined shaft 4.

[0060] The room-and-pillar method system and the access method system use low-profile continuous mining machines to extract ore. The ore is transferred to the ore pass 8 via low-profile shuttle cars and ore trucks, and then transferred to the belt conveyor of the belt return air inclined shaft 4. All the ore is finally transported to the surface through the belt conveyor system of the belt conveyor main roadway 2 and the main adit 1.

[0061] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits, characterized in that: The steps include the following: S1: Divide the mining area along the strike of the ore body and leave isolation pillars; S2: Construct a collaborative development network, including the main adit, belt conveyor main roadway, intake hoisting inclined shaft, and belt return air inclined shaft; S3: The mining area is divided into two smaller mining areas by two inclined shafts. The thickness of the ore body in each area is determined by exploration, and the distribution of thin and medium-thick ore bodies is identified. S4: Multi-process coordinated deployment: For medium-thick orebody areas, deploy fully mechanized mining systems; for thin orebody areas, deploy room-and-pillar mining systems. S5: Collaborative Recovery: For areas where no fully mechanized mining system or room-and-pillar method system has been deployed, deploy the route method system for recovery; S6: Through a unified collaborative development network, ore transportation and ventilation are carried out to achieve efficient and safe mining throughout the entire mining area; In step S4: For areas with an ore body thickness ≥ 2m, which are considered medium-thick ore bodies, a fully mechanized mining system is arranged: the stopes are arranged along the strike, with a length of approximately 900~1100m, and the fully mechanized mining faces are arranged along the dip direction of the ore body, with an inclined length of approximately 140~160m, with 10~15m pillars left between the stopes; a belt conveyor roadway is arranged at the lower part of the working face for ore transportation and ventilation, and a return air roadway is arranged at the upper part of the working face for equipment and material transportation and return air; both roadways are connected to the two inclined shafts through connecting roads to form an independent ventilation and transportation closed loop; For areas with an ore body thickness of <2m, which are considered thin ore bodies, a room-and-pillar system is arranged: a mid-section transport roadway is arranged every 20m or 30m along the vertical height, and each mid-section is connected to the two inclined shafts via connecting roads; the stopes are arranged along the strike, and the arrangement method of true dip or pseudo dip is selected according to the specific dip angle of the gently dipping ore body, with 6~8m pillars left between stopes.

2. The multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the ore body is divided into several mining areas along the strike at intervals of 1800-2200m, and a 60-70m isolation pillar is left between adjacent mining areas.

3. The multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2 Main adit: It is arranged in the bottom strata of the isolation pillar along the dip of the ore body, with one end connected to the surface and the other end connected to the belt conveyor roadway. One main adit is shared by two adjacent mining areas to achieve intensive development. Belt conveyor main roadway: Arranged along the strike of the ore body on the bottom plate of the ore body, serving as a centralized ore transportation channel; The intake hoisting inclined shaft and the belt conveyor return air inclined shaft are set up side by side at the bottom plate of the ore body in the middle of the mining area. The upper ends of both inclined shafts are connected to the surface, and the lower ends are connected to the belt conveyor main roadway. The intake hoisting inclined shaft is used for personnel and material transportation and serves as the main intake air channel. The belt conveyor return air inclined shaft is used for the main ore transportation and serves as the return air channel. This design realizes the separation and coordination of personnel flow, material flow and air flow.

4. The multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits according to claim 3, characterized in that: The room-and-pillar method system selects between true dip or pseudo dip layout for the mining area based on the dip angle of the ore body: when the dip angle of the ore body is less than 8°, a true dip layout is adopted; when the dip angle of the ore body is greater than or equal to 8°, a pseudo dip layout is adopted.

5. A multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits according to claim 4, characterized in that: To enhance auxiliary transportation and ventilation in the room column area, a ramp connecting the main belt conveyor roadway is arranged in the lowest middle section.

6. A multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fully mechanized mining system uses a mining machine to deliver ore, which is then transported via a belt conveyor roadway and ore pass to the belt conveyor return air inclined shaft. The room-and-pillar method and the access method use low-profile continuous mining machines to extract ore. The ore is transferred to the ore pass via low-profile shuttle cars and ore trucks, and then transferred to the belt conveyor in the belt return air inclined shaft. All the ore is finally transported to the surface through the belt conveyor system of the belt conveyor main roadway and the main adit.

7. A multi-adaptive synergistic mining method for gently dipping thin-to-medium-thick bauxite deposits according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, for small mining areas where both fully mechanized mining systems and room-and-pillar systems exist, an access method system is deployed in the triangular area between the middle section and the roadway for coordinated recovery. An access route with a span of 4m is deployed along the dip or pseudo-dip of the ore body to ensure that no resources are missed.

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