Hand-held laser welding gun with adaptive focus distance adjustment

Abstract

The application provides a handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment, comprising a transmitting part and an adjusting part; the transmitting part comprises a first shell and a laser generator, a radiation cavity is formed in the first shell, the laser generator is arranged in a mounting assembly in the cavity, and a laser beam is emitted from a radiation end of the first shell; the adjusting part comprises a second shell and a focusing mirror, the first shell is connected with the second shell, and the laser beam passes through a transmitting channel; an adjusting assembly is arranged in an adjusting cavity to drive the focusing mirror to move along an axis of the transmitting channel to change the focusing distance, and the focusing mirror is arranged on the adjusting assembly; a control part for receiving signals and controlling the adjusting assembly is arranged at a radiation end of the second shell, an infrared temperature sensor and a laser triangulation sensor, a detachable handle is arranged at a bottom of the first shell, and a trigger part for controlling start and stop of the laser generator is arranged on the handle. The welding gun realizes adaptive focusing distance adjustment and solves the problem of poor adaptability of a traditional welding gun.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment. BACKGROUND

[0002] The handheld laser welding gun has the advantages of high laser beam energy density and small welding heat affected zone, and can realize high-precision welding of metal materials, and is widely used in hardware processing, home appliance manufacturing, advertising production and other fields. However, in actual welding operation, the thickness and material of the workpiece often differ, and the optimal focusing distance of the laser beam under different working conditions is different. However, the traditional handheld laser welding gun lacks adaptive focusing distance adjustment function, and the focusing mirror position is fixedly set, so the fixed focusing distance cannot adapt to workpieces of different thicknesses, which may easily lead to problems such as thin plate melting and thick plate not being penetrated. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned problems, in combination with the first aspect of the present application, the present application provides a handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment, the method comprising:

[0004] A handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment, comprising a transmitting part and an adjusting part.

[0005] The transmitting part comprises a first housing and a laser generator, the first housing is provided with an irradiation cavity, the irradiation cavity is provided with a mounting assembly, the laser generator is mounted in the mounting assembly, one end of the first housing is provided as an irradiation end, and a laser beam is emitted from the irradiation end.

[0006] The adjusting part comprises a second housing and a focusing mirror, one end of the second housing is provided as a receiving end, the other end is provided as a transmitting end, and an adjusting cavity is formed in the second housing, the first housing and the second housing are connected, and the laser beam is arranged in the transmitting channel.

[0007] The adjusting cavity is provided with an adjusting assembly for driving the focusing mirror to move axially along the transmitting channel to change the focusing distance, and the focusing mirror is mounted on the adjusting assembly.

[0008] The transmitting end of the second housing is provided with a laser triangulation sensor for real-time detection of the distance between the workpiece surface and the transmitting end, and an infrared temperature sensor for monitoring the instantaneous temperature field distribution of the welding area, and the second housing is further provided with a control part for receiving the sensor signals and controlling the action of the adjusting assembly.

[0009] The bottom of the first housing is provided with a detachable handle, and the handle is provided with a trigger part for controlling the start and stop of the laser generator.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the mounting assembly comprises a mounting shell and a mounting cover plate, the mounting shell is arranged in the irradiation cavity and moves up and down to form a lifting path, the lifting path is provided with a working area and a replacement area, the mounting cover plate covers the mounting shell to form a mounting cavity, and the laser generator is arranged in the mounting cavity;

[0011] When the mounting shell is located in the working area, the laser generator is located in the irradiation cavity, and the laser beam is arranged in the emission channel;

[0012] When the mounting shell is located in the replacement area, the laser generator is located above the first shell;

[0013] A plurality of mounting components are arranged in the mounting shell and the mounting cover plate, the laser generator is clamped in the plurality of mounting components, and gaps are formed between the laser generator, the mounting component, the mounting shell and the mounting cover plate.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, a plurality of first magnetic suction blocks are arranged on the inner side of the mounting shell, a magnetic suction plate is arranged on one side of the laser generator corresponding to the first magnetic suction blocks, and the first magnetic suction blocks and the magnetic suction plate are in contact to form a pre-installation structure;

[0015] A notch groove is formed on the mounting shell and the mounting cover plate, an irradiation window is formed through the two notch grooves, a support frame is arranged in the irradiation cavity, an optical shading sleeve is arranged between the support frame and the irradiation end of the mounting shell, a light transmission mirror is arranged at one end of the optical shading sleeve, and a collimating mirror is arranged at the other end of the optical shading sleeve, and a sunshade channel is formed through the three, the sunshade channel and the emission channel are coaxially arranged on the parallel shafts, and the laser beam is arranged in the sunshade channel when the mounting shell is located in the working area;

[0016] The two opposite inner sides of the mounting shell are provided with locking parts, the locking parts are located in the working area, the locking parts comprise two limiting blocks arranged on the inner side of the mounting shell, the limiting blocks are arranged in the shape of a right triangle, the two limiting blocks correspond to the vertical surfaces, a limiting area is formed between the two limiting blocks, and a push block is arranged between the two limiting blocks.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the push block is rotationally connected with the mounting shell, the push block divides the limiting area into a first clamping area and a second clamping area, second magnetic suction blocks are arranged on the corresponding surfaces of the two limiting blocks, the push block is subjected to magnetization treatment, and the second magnetic suction blocks and the corresponding surfaces of the push block are arranged with the same polarity;

[0018] The two sides of the mounting shell are provided with telescopic components, the mounting shell is provided with telescopic grooves corresponding to the telescopic components, the telescopic components are arranged in the telescopic grooves, and rollers are arranged at one end of the telescopic components, and the rollers are in contact with the inner wall of the mounting shell.

[0019] The spring structure is arranged in the telescopic groove, when the telescopic part is subjected to external force, the telescopic part is retracted into the telescopic groove through the spring structure, when the external force on the telescopic part is removed, the telescopic part is reset through the spring structure.

[0020] The two groups of limiting blocks are respectively arranged as first clamping blocks and second clamping blocks, and the first clamping blocks are arranged below the second clamping blocks.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, when the installation shell moves from the working area to the replacement area, the roller is in contact with one group of the first clamping blocks, and the telescopic part is retracted into the telescopic groove under the extrusion of the first clamping blocks until the installation shell moves between the first clamping blocks and the push-off baffle, the telescopic part is reset and clamped between the first clamping blocks and the push-off baffle, and the installation shell is positioned in the replacement area.

[0022] When the installation shell moves from the replacement area to the working area, the installation shell is first moved upward, the roller extrudes the push-off baffle and is in contact with the second clamping block to form an inclined surface, the telescopic part is extruded in the process of continuous movement until the installation shell moves above the second clamping block, and at the same time, the installation shell is pressed downward, the telescopic part is extruded by the second clamping block and moves between the second clamping block and the push-off baffle, the push-off baffle is extruded to be in contact with the first clamping block, and the installation shell is further moved downward under the extrusion of the push-off baffle until the installation shell moves below the first clamping block.

[0023] The installation shell is further provided with a locking structure for limiting unintended movement of the installation shell.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting frame and an adjusting part, one side of the adjusting frame is rotatably provided with a lead screw, the other side is provided with a sliding rod, the adjusting part is located in the adjusting frame and is connected with the lead screw and the sliding rod respectively.

[0025] One end of the lead screw is provided with a linkage gear, one side of the second shell is provided with a protective cover, the protective cover is connected with the second shell to form a protective cavity, a motor is arranged in the protective cavity, the second shell is provided with a first through groove corresponding to the linkage gear, the protective cavity is communicated with the adjusting cavity through the first through groove, the linkage gear is arranged in the first through groove, and a transmission gear is arranged at the shaft end of the motor and engaged with the linkage gear.

[0026] The protective cover is provided with a second through groove corresponding to the transmission gear, and the transmission gear is partially arranged in the second through groove and protrudes from one side of the protective cover.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the adjusting member comprises two sets of adjusting housings and a bearing seat, the two sets of adjusting housings are spliced to form a moving cavity, the bearing seat is arranged in the moving cavity and moves along the moving cavity, and the focusing mirror is arranged in the bearing seat;

[0028] The adjusting housings are provided with a moving part and a driving part, the moving part comprises moving grooves arranged on both sides of the adjusting housings, moving tracks are formed by the moving grooves on the same side of the two sets of adjusting housings, and the bearing seat is provided with moving wheels on both sides and used for cooperating with the moving tracks to limit the movement of the bearing seat along the moving tracks, and the moving wheels are arranged in the moving tracks;

[0029] The driving part comprises two sets of piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramics are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the moving cavity, the bearing seat is provided with connecting rods on both sides, the connecting rods are arranged in the moving tracks, and one end of the connecting rod is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic through a linkage rod.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the second-housing emitting end is provided with a mounting plate, the laser triangulation sensor and the infrared temperature sensor are arranged on the mounting plate, the second-housing emitting end is located between the laser triangulation sensor and the infrared temperature sensor, and the three are arranged in sequence vertically.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the second-housing emitting end is provided with a support plate, the support plate is sleeved on the second-housing emitting end, one side of the support plate is provided with a translation plate, the support plate is provided with a moving structure, the translation plate is slidably connected with the support plate through the moving structure, the support plate is provided with a first emitting area and a second emitting area, the support plate is provided with two sets of emitting through holes, and one set of the emitting through holes is coaxially coincided with the second-housing emitting end.

[0032] The first emitting area is provided with a light-transmitting mirror, and the light-transmitting mirror is coaxially coincided with the emitting through hole in the first emitting area;

[0033] The second emitting area is provided with a reflecting mirror, one side of the support plate is provided with two sets of connecting plates, the two sets of connecting plates are located on both sides of the emitting through hole in the second emitting area, the reflecting mirror is located between the two sets of connecting plates and is rotatably connected with the two sets of connecting plates, one side of one set of the connecting plates is provided with a driving member for driving the reflecting mirror to rotate around the rotation shaft between the two sets of connecting plates, and the other set of the connecting plates is provided with an angle sensor for detecting the current rotation angle of the reflecting mirror.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. Real-time detection of the distance of the workpiece surface by a laser triangulation sensor, monitoring of the temperature field of the welding area by an infrared temperature sensor, driving of the adjustment assembly by the control part according to the detection signal to drive the focusing mirror to move along the emission channel axis, wherein the synergistic adjustment of the coarse adjustment realized by the screw structure and the fine adjustment realized by the piezoelectric ceramic enables the focusing distance to automatically adapt to the optimal value according to the thickness, material and the like of the workpiece, effectively avoiding the problems of thin plate melting and thick plate non-penetration caused by the traditional fixed focusing distance, and ensuring the stability of the weld quality under different working conditions (such as reducing defects such as pores and cracks), and greatly improving the qualified rate of welding operation.

[0036] 2. The installation assembly adopts a structure combining magnetic attraction pre-fixing and clamping positioning, and through the lifting movement of the installation shell in the working area and the replacement area, the locking structure is matched to prevent unintended displacement, which can not only ensure the stable positioning of the laser generator during work (high coaxiality with the emission channel), but also quickly realize the removal and replacement of the laser generator, solving the problems of traditional fixed installation and time-consuming disassembly; at the same time, the gap formed by the installation part and the design of the light shielding sleeve can reduce the vibration interference and stray light influence of the laser generator during work, and improve the overall stability and service life of the equipment.

[0037] 3. The handheld design combined with the switchable first emission area (light transmission mirror direct emission) and the second emission area (adjustable angle of the reflecting mirror) can adapt to welding requirements of different angles and positions through the sliding adjustment of the translation plate; the real-time processing of the sensor signal by the control part and the automatic control of the adjustment assembly reduce the dependence on the experience of the operator, and manual adjustment of the focusing distance is not required; at the same time, through the cooperation of the reflecting mirror angle sensor and the driving part, the reflecting angle of the laser beam can be controlled, further expanding the application scenarios of the equipment and improving the efficiency and intelligent degree of welding operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of the assembled application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram of the disassembled application;

[0040] Figure 3 is a structure schematic diagram of the disassembled emission part;

[0041] Figure 4 is a structure schematic diagram of the disassembled installation shell and telescopic part;

[0042] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the emission part;

[0043] Figure 6 is a structure schematic diagram of the disassembled installation shell and laser generator;

[0044] Figure 7is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting part after being split;

[0045] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting part after being split;

[0046] Figure 9 is Figure 8 is a local enlarged view in the a area in the middle;

[0047] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the support plate and the translation plate after being split;

[0048] Figure 11 is a principle block diagram of the control part.

[0049] In the figure, the correspondence between the component names and the reference signs is as follows:

[0050] 11, first shell; 12, laser generator; 201, second shell; 202, focusing mirror; 203, adjusting frame; 204, lead screw; 205, sliding rod; 206, linkage gear; 207, protective cover; 208, motor; 209, transmission gear; 210, adjusting shell; 211, bearing seat; 212, moving groove; 213, moving wheel; 214, piezoelectric ceramic; 215, connecting rod; 216, linkage rod; 31, laser triangulation sensor; 32, infrared temperature sensor; 41, handle; 42, mounting plate; 43, support plate; 44, translation plate; 45, emission through hole; 46, reflecting mirror; 501, mounting shell; 502, mounting cover plate; 503, mounting part; 504, first magnetic attraction block; 505, magnetic attraction plate; 506, support frame; 507, light shielding sleeve; 508, limiting block; 509, toggle baffle; 510, second magnetic attraction block; 511, telescopic part; 512, telescopic groove; 513, roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The application will be specifically described below in combination with the drawings of the specification;

[0052] As Figures 1 to 11 shown, the application provides a handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment, which comprises a transmitting part and an adjusting part, and the two parts are cooperated to realize dynamic adaptation of laser welding and focusing distance, so as to meet the welding requirements under different working conditions.

[0053] The emitting part includes a first shell 11 and a laser generator 12. The first shell 11 serves as a bearing body of the emitting part, and an irradiation cavity for accommodating the laser generator 12 and related components is formed in the first shell 11. The space size of the irradiation cavity matches the shape of the laser generator 12, and the laser generator 12 is provided with a stable installation environment. An installation assembly is arranged in the irradiation cavity, and the laser generator 12 is installed in the installation assembly. Through the fixing effect of the installation assembly, the laser generator 12 is prevented from deviating due to vibration during the welding operation. One end of the first shell 11 is provided as an irradiation end, which provides a channel for the output of the laser beam. The laser beam generated by the laser generator 12 is emitted from the irradiation end to provide an energy source for subsequent welding operation. The laser generator 12 can be a Raycus RFL-C1000Q laser.

[0054] The adjusting part includes a second shell 201 and a focusing mirror 202. One end of the second shell 201 is provided as a receiving end, and the other end is provided as an emitting end. The receiving end is used to connect the irradiation end of the first shell 11, so that the laser beam output by the laser generator 12 can smoothly enter the adjusting part. The emitting end is used to project the laser beam after focusing treatment to the welding area of the workpiece. At the same time, an adjusting cavity is formed in the second shell 201. The receiving end, the emitting end and the adjusting cavity form a transmission channel for the laser beam. The first shell 11 and the second shell 201 are connected by bolts or buckles. After connection, the laser beam output by the laser generator 12 can stably pass through the transmission channel, ensuring the continuity of laser transmission.

[0055] An adjusting assembly is arranged in the adjusting cavity. The core function of the adjusting assembly is to drive the focusing mirror 202 to move along the axial direction of the transmission channel, so as to change the focusing distance of the laser beam. The focusing mirror 202 is installed on the adjusting assembly and changes position synchronously with the movement of the adjusting assembly. When the thickness and material of the workpiece change, the adjusting assembly can drive the focusing mirror 202 to adjust to the appropriate position, so that the laser beam can form a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece that meets the welding requirements.

[0056] In order to realize the adaptive adjustment of the focusing distance, the emitting end of the second shell 201 is provided with a laser triangulation sensor 31 and an infrared temperature sensor 32. Among them, the laser triangulation sensor 31 can detect the distance between the workpiece surface and the emitting end in real time, obtain the position information of the workpiece surface, and the laser triangulation sensor 31 can adopt Keyence LK-G5000 laser triangulation displacement sensor; the infrared temperature sensor 32 can monitor the instantaneous temperature field distribution of the welding area, judge whether the temperature of the current welding area is in a reasonable range, and the infrared temperature sensor 32 can adopt FLIR TG165 infrared temperature sensor. The control part is also arranged on the second shell 201, which is signal connected with the laser triangulation sensor 31, the infrared temperature sensor 32 and the adjusting assembly, can receive the detection signals transmitted by the laser triangulation sensor 31 and the infrared temperature sensor 32, and send action instructions to the adjusting assembly according to the signal analysis result, control the adjusting assembly to drive the focusing mirror 202 to adjust the position.

[0057] In addition, the bottom of the first shell 11 is provided with a detachable handle 41, which is ergonomically designed to facilitate the operator to hold it and reduce hand fatigue after long-time operation. The trigger part is arranged on the handle 41, which is electrically connected with the laser generator 12. The operator can control the start and stop of the laser generator 12 by pressing the trigger part, so as to realize the control of welding operation. When the equipment is not needed or the workpiece is replaced, the laser generator 12 can be turned off by pressing the trigger part, which improves the operation safety and convenience.

[0058] As shown in Figures 2 to 6 The mounting assembly is used as the bearing and positioning structure of the laser generator 12, which is mainly composed of a mounting shell 501 and a mounting cover plate 502. The two cooperate to realize stable installation and convenient replacement of the laser generator 12. The mounting shell 501 is in the shape of a cylinder or a box, which can be arranged in the irradiation cavity of the first shell 11 and can move up and down along the inner wall of the irradiation cavity to form a preset lifting path. The lifting path is divided into two key positions, i.e. working area and replacement area, which correspond to the working state and replacement state of the laser generator 12 respectively. By clear area division, it is ensured that the mounting shell 501 can stay at the target position when moving.

[0059] The mounting cover plate 502 is connected to the top of the mounting shell 501 by bolts or buckles. After the two are closed, an installation cavity for accommodating the laser generator 12 is formed inside. The size of the installation cavity is matched with the shape of the laser generator 12, which provides an independent and closed installation space for the laser generator 12, avoiding the entry of dust and impurities from the outside to affect the working state of the laser generator 12. The laser generator 12 is placed in the installation cavity and is kept at the preset installation position by the joint constraint of the mounting shell 501 and the mounting cover plate 502.

[0060] When the mounting shell 501 moves along the lifting path to the working area, the mounting shell 501 is embedded in the irradiation cavity as a whole, at this time the laser generator 12 is completely inside the irradiation cavity, the output end of the laser generator 12 is aligned with the irradiation end of the first shell 11, and the laser beam generated by the laser generator 12 can smoothly pass through the emission channel, thereby providing a stable laser source for subsequent focusing and welding operations. When the laser generator 12 needs to be repaired or replaced, the mounting shell 501 is moved upward along the lifting path to the replacement area, at this time the mounting shell 501 drives the laser generator 12 to rise synchronously, so that the laser generator 12 is completely separated from the irradiation cavity and located above the first shell 11. The operator can directly contact the laser generator 12, and the repair or replacement operation can be completed without disassembling the first shell 11, thereby greatly improving the maintenance convenience.

[0061] In addition, the inner wall of the mounting shell 501 and the inner wall of the mounting cover plate 502 are provided with a plurality of mounting members 503, which are uniformly distributed, and are made of rubber or plastic with a certain elasticity. The laser generator 12 is clamped between the plurality of mounting members 503, and is preliminarily fixed by the clamping action of the mounting members 503. At the same time, a gap is formed between the outer wall of the laser generator 12 and the inner wall of the mounting shell 501 and the inner wall of the mounting cover plate 502 by the support of the mounting members 503. The gap can play a buffering role when the laser generator 12 vibrates during operation, reducing the influence of vibration on the laser generator 12, and also providing a heat dissipation space for the heat generated by the laser generator 12 during operation, thereby avoiding the accumulation of heat and causing the temperature of the laser generator 12 to be too high.

[0062] A plurality of first magnetic suction blocks 504 are fixed on the inner side wall of the mounting shell 501, which are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the mounting shell 501 and are made of permanent magnetic materials with stable magnetism. Correspondingly, a magnetic suction plate 505 is fixed on the side outer wall of the laser generator 12, which is positionally corresponding to the first magnetic suction block 504, and the magnetic suction plate 505 is made of a metal material that can be magnetically attracted. When the laser generator 12 is placed in the mounting shell 501, the first magnetic suction block 504 and the magnetic suction plate 505 are attracted to each other and contact, forming a pre-installation structure for the laser generator 12. This structure can temporarily fix the position of the laser generator 12 before the mounting cover plate 502 is closed, thereby avoiding the laser generator 12 from shifting during installation, and facilitating the subsequent alignment and fixing operation of the mounting cover plate 502.

[0063] The side wall of the mounting shell 501 and the edge of the mounting cover plate 502 are both provided with a notch groove matched in shape and size, and when the mounting cover plate 502 is covered on the mounting shell 501, the two sets of notch grooves are spliced to form an irradiation window through which the laser beam passes, the position of the window is aligned with the output end of the laser generator 12, and it is ensured that the laser beam generated by the laser generator 12 can smoothly pass out. The inside of the irradiation cavity is fixed with a support frame 506, which is made of metal and has a frame structure, used for supporting a light shielding sleeve 507. One end of the light shielding sleeve 507 is connected with the support frame 506, and the other end is butted with the irradiation end of the mounting shell 501. The inside of the light shielding sleeve 507 is provided with a light transmission mirror at one end and a collimating mirror at the other end. The light transmission mirror is used to allow the laser beam to pass through and block external stray light, and the collimating mirror is used to preliminarily calibrate the laser beam. The support frame 506, the light shielding sleeve 507, the light transmission mirror and the collimating mirror together form a sunshade channel. The sunshade channel is parallel and coincides with the axis of the emission channel. When the mounting shell 501 moves to the working area, the laser beam output by the laser generator 12 will pass through the sunshade channel. Under the constraint and calibration of the sunshade channel, the laser beam can more stably enter the emission channel, reducing external light interference and laser beam divergence.

[0064] The two opposite inner sides of the mounting shell 501 are also respectively provided with a locking part, which is located only in the working area of the lifting path, and is used to further fix the position of the mounting shell 501 when it is in the working area. The locking part includes two sets of limiting blocks 508 fixed on the inner side of the mounting shell 501. The limiting blocks 508 are overall triangular, the vertical faces of the two sets of limiting blocks 508 correspond to each other, and a space is reserved between the two sets of limiting blocks 508 to form a limiting area. Between the two sets of limiting blocks 508, a push-off baffle 509 is also rotationally connected. The push-off baffle 509 can rotate in the limiting area around the connecting shaft. Through the cooperation of the push-off baffle 509 and the two sets of limiting blocks 508, the position of the mounting shell 501 in the working area can be limited, so as to avoid that the mounting shell 501 accidentally leaves the working area during the welding operation.

[0065] The push-off baffle 509 is rotationally connected with the mounting shell 501 through a rotating shaft and can rotate in the limiting area around the rotating shaft. In the natural state, the push-off baffle 509 divides the limiting area into two independent spaces, forming a first clamping area and a second clamping area. The opposite end faces of the two sets of limiting blocks 508 are each fixed with a second magnetic block 510, and the push-off baffle 509 is magnetized and has magnetism. The opposite faces of the second magnetic block 510 and the push-off baffle 509 have the same magnetic pole. Due to the characteristic of repulsion between the same poles, the second magnetic block 510 will generate a repulsive force on the push-off baffle 509, so that the push-off baffle 509 remains in the middle state of dividing the limiting area without external force.

[0066] The outer wall on both sides of the installation shell 501 is respectively provided with a telescopic piece 511, and the installation shell 501 is provided with a telescopic groove 512 corresponding to the telescopic piece 511. The main body of the telescopic piece 511 is arranged in the telescopic groove 512 and can move along the axial direction of the telescopic groove 512. The end of the telescopic piece 511 away from the center of the installation shell 501 is provided with a roller 513, and the roller 513 can rotate freely and is always in contact with the inner wall of the installation shell 501. When the installation shell 501 moves along the irradiation cavity, the roller 513 rolls along the inner wall to reduce the frictional resistance during movement.

[0067] The telescopic groove 512 is internally provided with a spring structure, one end of the spring structure is connected with the bottom of the telescopic groove 512, and the other end is connected with the end of the telescopic piece 511. When the telescopic piece 511 is subjected to external force from the outside, the spring structure is compressed, drives the telescopic piece 511 to shrink into the telescopic groove 512, and most of the structure of the telescopic piece 511 enters the telescopic groove 512. When the external force disappears, the spring structure releases the elastic potential energy, pushes the telescopic piece 511 to move to the outside of the telescopic groove 512, and restores the telescopic piece 511 to the initial position.

[0068] Among the two groups of limiting blocks 508, the lower one is set as a first clamping block, and the upper one is set as a second clamping block. The vertical surfaces of the first clamping block and the second clamping block are opposite to each other, and the distance therebetween is matched with the length of the push-off baffle 509. The upper and lower distribution structure cooperates with the telescopic telescopic piece 511 and the rotatable push-off baffle 509 to realize stepwise fixing of the position during the movement of the installation shell 501, and ensures the stability of the installation shell 501 during switching between the working area and the replacement area.

[0069] When it is necessary to move the installation shell 501 from the working area to the replacement area, the operator pushes the installation shell 501 upwards, and the rollers 513 on both sides of the installation shell 501 roll upwards along the inner wall of the irradiation cavity. During the process, the roller 513 first contacts the inclined surface of one of the first clamping blocks. As the installation shell 501 continues to move upwards, the inclined surface of the first clamping block exerts a lateral extrusion force on the roller 513, and the extrusion force is transmitted to the telescopic piece 511, so that the telescopic piece 511 gradually shrinks into the telescopic groove 512 against the elastic force of the spring structure in the telescopic groove 512. The installation shell 501 is continuously pushed until the roller 513 moves to the area between the first clamping block and the push-off baffle 509. At this time, the telescopic piece 511 is no longer extruded by the first clamping block. After the external force is removed, the spring structure releases the elastic potential energy and pushes the telescopic piece 511 to extend from the telescopic groove 512 to restore, and the roller 513 is clamped between the first clamping block and the push-off baffle 509. The installation shell 501 is limited at this position and is positioned in the replacement area.

[0070] When it is necessary to move the mounting housing 501 from the replacement area to the working area, first gently push the mounting housing 501 upwards. The roller 513 exerts a pushing force on the actuating baffle 509, causing the actuating baffle 509 to rotate around the pivot and contact the second locking block. The two cooperate to form a temporary inclined surface. Continue to move the mounting housing 501 upwards. This inclined surface compresses the roller 513, causing the telescopic component 511 to retract into the telescopic groove 512 again, until the roller 513 moves above the second locking block. At this point, stop pushing upwards and instead press the mounting housing 501 downwards. The telescopic component 511 extends under the action of the spring, contacts the second locking block and is compressed, causing the roller 513 to move between the second locking block and the actuating baffle 509, while simultaneously pushing the actuating baffle 509 to rotate, until the actuating baffle 509 contacts the first locking block. Continue pressing down on the housing 501. The roller 513 is squeezed by the actuating baffle 509, causing the telescopic component 511 to retract until the roller 513 moves below the first locking block, and the housing 501 enters the working area. Furthermore, when the roller 513 moves above the second locking block, if the housing 501 is pushed upwards instead of downwards, it can be completely detached from the irradiation chamber, allowing the entire housing 501 to be removed.

[0071] The mounting housing 501 is also equipped with a locking structure inside. This structure can further restrict the position of the mounting housing 501 when it is in the working area or the replacement area, so as to prevent the mounting housing 501 from moving unexpectedly when it is vibrated during welding operations or accidentally touched, thus ensuring the stability of the equipment during operation.

[0072] like Figure 2 , Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the adjustment assembly consists of an adjustment frame 203 and an adjustment component. The adjustment frame 203 is a frame structure and is fixed inside the adjustment cavity of the second housing 201. A lead screw 204 is rotatably mounted on one side of the adjustment frame 203 via a bearing, and the lead screw 204 is arranged along the length of the adjustment frame 203. A sliding rod 205 is fixed on the other side, and the sliding rod 205 is parallel to the lead screw 204. The adjustment component is located inside the adjustment frame 203. One end of the component is connected to the lead screw 204 via a threaded structure, and the other end is sleeved on the sliding rod 205, allowing it to slide axially along the sliding rod 205. When the lead screw 204 rotates, the adjustment component moves axially along the lead screw 204 under the action of the threaded transmission, while maintaining a stable movement trajectory under the constraint of the sliding rod 205, preventing rotational deviation.

[0073] One end of the lead screw 204 extends to the outside of the adjusting frame 203, and an end portion is fixed with a linkage gear 206 that rotates coaxially with the lead screw 204. A protective cover 207 is fixed to the outer wall of one side of the second shell 201, and the protective cover 207 is a hollow shell structure that forms a closed protective cavity with the outer wall of the second shell 201. A motor 208 is installed inside the protective cavity, and the output shaft of the motor 208 extends towards the adjusting cavity. The second shell 201 is provided with a first through groove corresponding to the position of the linkage gear 206, and the protective cavity is connected with the adjusting cavity through the first through groove. A part of the linkage gear 206 passes through the first through groove and enters the protective cavity. The shaft end of the motor 208 is fixed with a transmission gear 209, and the transmission gear 209 is meshed with the linkage gear 206 to form a gear transmission structure. When the motor 208 operates, the linkage gear 206 is driven to rotate synchronously through the meshing transmission of the transmission gear 209.

[0074] The protective cover 207 is provided with a second through groove corresponding to the position of the transmission gear 209, and a part of the transmission gear 209 protrudes outside the protective cover 207 through the second through groove. This structure facilitates the rotation of the transmission gear 209 by external tools when needed, realizing manual adjustment of the lead screw 204. When the motor 208 fails or needs to be finely adjusted, manual operation can be used to replace electric drive, ensuring emergency use of the adjusting assembly. The closed structure of the protective cover 207 can prevent dust and debris from entering the inside of the protective cavity, preventing the motor 208 and the gear transmission structure from being contaminated, and also preventing the operator from directly contacting the rotating gear, improving the safety of the equipment in use.

[0075] A laser range finder is also provided in the second shell 201. The laser range finder can effectively monitor the real-time position of the focusing mirror 202 moving along the emission channel axis, and transmit the detected position data to the control part. The control part compares the data with the distance information of the workpiece surface obtained by the laser triangulation sensor 31. Based on the difference between the two groups of data, the control part can more accurately judge the deviation between the current position and the target position of the focusing mirror 202, and then send a more action instruction to the adjusting assembly, to ensure that the moving distance of the focusing mirror 202 matches the thickness change of the workpiece. At the same time, the continuous monitoring of the laser range finder can feedback the action execution of the adjusting assembly in real time. When the focusing mirror 202 moves to the preset position, the control part stops driving the adjusting assembly in time to avoid deviation of the focusing distance caused by over-adjustment. In addition, the laser range finder can also calibrate the initial position of the focusing mirror 202 at the initial stage of the equipment, to ensure that the focusing mirror 202 is at the reference position before each operation, providing a reliable starting point for subsequent adaptive adjustment.

[0076] The adjusting member is composed of two groups of adjusting housings 210 and a bearing seat 211. The two groups of adjusting housings 210 are symmetrical plate-shaped structures, and after being fixed by bolt splicing, an internal moving cavity for the bearing seat 211 to move is formed. The bearing seat 211 is a frame-shaped structure, and is integrally arranged in the moving cavity and can freely move along the axial direction of the moving cavity. The focusing mirror 202 is clamped in the center position of the bearing seat 211 through a buckle structure, and synchronously changes the position with the movement of the bearing seat 211, so as to adjust the focusing distance of the laser beam.

[0077] The adjusting housings 210 are integrated with a moving part and a driving part. The moving part is responsible for constraining the moving track of the bearing seat 211. The moving part includes moving grooves 212 opened on the two side walls of the adjusting housings 210. The moving grooves 212 extend along the length direction of the adjusting housings 210. When the two groups of adjusting housings 210 are spliced, the two moving grooves 212 on the same side are aligned to form a complete moving track. Two groups of moving wheels 213 are respectively installed on the two side walls of the bearing seat 211. The moving wheels 213 are embedded in the moving track and can roll along the track. Through the cooperation of the moving wheels 213 and the moving track, the bearing seat 211 can only move along the direction of the moving track, so as to avoid the bearing seat 211 from deviating or shaking during the movement.

[0078] The driving part is used for driving the bearing seat 211 to produce a slight displacement, and includes two groups of piezoelectric ceramics 214. The piezoelectric ceramics 214 are symmetrically fixed on the inner walls of the two sides of the moving cavity, and the extension direction of the piezoelectric ceramics 214 is consistent with the moving track. One connecting rod 215 is fixed on each side of the bearing seat 211. The connecting rod 215 horizontally penetrates through the moving track and extends outward, and the end is connected with the extension end of the piezoelectric ceramic 214 through a linkage rod 216. When the piezoelectric ceramic 214 generates extension deformation by being electrified, the connecting rod 215 is pushed or pulled through the linkage rod 216, so as to drive the bearing seat 211 to move along the moving track. Since the extension amount of the piezoelectric ceramic 214 can be controlled by electric current, the slight distance adjustment of the bearing seat 211 can be realized. In cooperation with the coarse adjustment action of the lead screw 204, the position adjustment of the focusing mirror 202 is more accurate, and the welding requirements of workpieces with different thicknesses can be met. The rolling cooperation of the moving wheels 213 and the moving track also reduces the friction resistance when the bearing seat 211 moves, so that the driving force of the piezoelectric ceramic 214 can be efficiently converted into the displacement of the bearing seat 211.

[0079] The outer side of the second shell 201 emitting end is fixed with a mounting plate 42, which is long strip-shaped and has a flat surface. The laser triangulation sensor 31 and the infrared temperature sensor 32 are respectively fixed on both ends of the mounting plate 42 by screws, and both of them keep the same distance from the second shell 201 emitting end. The laser output port of the second shell 201 emitting end is located in the middle position of the laser triangulation sensor 31 and the infrared temperature sensor 32, and the three are arranged in sequence along the same vertical line. The detection direction of the laser triangulation sensor 31 and the monitoring direction of the infrared temperature sensor 32 are both towards the workpiece surface, and form cooperation with the laser beam path of the second shell 201 emitting end, which can not only synchronously obtain distance and temperature information, but also will not block each other, ensuring the continuity and stability of sensor data.

[0080] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 10 , the outer side of the second shell 201 emitting end is sleeved with a support plate 43, which is relatively fixed with the second shell 201 by buckle or bolt, and the plate surface is perpendicular to the laser output direction of the second shell 201 emitting end. The side of the support plate 43 facing the workpiece is provided with a translation plate 44, and the surface of the support plate 43 is provided with a moving structure, which can be a combination of slide rail and slide block. The translation plate 44 is connected with the slide rail of the support plate 43 through the slide block, and can slide on the surface of the support plate 43 along the direction of the slide rail. The support plate 43 is divided into a first emitting area and a second emitting area, and two groups of circular emitting through holes 45 are arranged on the surface of the support plate 43, which respectively penetrate the plate surface of the first emitting area and the second emitting area. The emitting through hole 45 in the first emitting area is coaxial with the central axis of the second shell 201 emitting end, which ensures that the laser beam can directly pass through the through hole.

[0081] A light-transmitting mirror is fixed in the first emitting area, and the edge of the light-transmitting mirror is fixed on the inner side of the emitting through hole 45 through a sealing ring or a compression ring. The center point of the light-transmitting mirror is coaxial with the emitting through hole 45 in the first emitting area. When the laser beam passes through the light-transmitting mirror, it can reduce the influence of external dust on the transmission of laser, while not changing the propagation path of laser.

[0082] The second emitting area is provided with a reflector 46, and the side of the supporting plate 43 close to the second emitting area is fixed with two groups of parallel connecting plates, the two groups of connecting plates are respectively located on the two sides of the emitting through hole 45 in the second emitting area, and the two side edges of the reflector 46 are connected with the two groups of connecting plates through rotating shafts and can rotate between the two groups of connecting plates. One group of connecting plates is installed with a driving element away from the reflector 46, the driving element can be a micro motor, the output shaft of the driving element is connected with the rotating shaft of the reflector 46, and the reflector 46 can be driven to rotate around the rotating shaft to change the reflection angle; the other group of connecting plates is installed with an angle sensor away from the reflector 46, the detection end of the angle sensor is connected with the rotating shaft of the reflector 46, the current rotation angle of the reflector 46 can be obtained in real time, and the angle data is transmitted to the control part, so that the control part adjusts the angle of the reflector 46 through the driving element according to the requirement, and the laser beam can be projected to the specified welding area after being reflected by the reflector 46;

[0083] The laser generator 12 is additionally provided with an infrared emitter, the emitting end of the infrared emitter is adjacent to the laser output end of the laser generator 12, the infrared line emitted by the infrared emitter is consistent with the laser beam line output by the laser generator 12. Before the laser generator 12 starts the welding work, the operator can form a clear infrared light point on the workpiece surface through the infrared emitted by the infrared emitter, so as to determine the specific position of the subsequent laser beam acting on the workpiece, and realize the positioning function before welding.

[0084] It should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present disclosure and help to understand one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, in the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimes combined into one embodiment, figure or description thereof.

Claims

1. A hand-held laser welding gun with adaptive focus distance adjustment, characterized in that: The emission part and the adjusting part are included; The emission part includes a first shell (11) and a laser generator (12), the first shell (11) is provided with an irradiation cavity, the irradiation cavity is provided with a mounting assembly, the laser generator (12) is installed in the mounting assembly, one end of the first shell (11) is provided as an irradiation end, and a laser beam is emitted from the irradiation end; The adjusting part includes a second shell (201) and a focusing mirror (202), one end of the second shell (201) is provided as a receiving end, the other end is provided as an emission end, and an adjusting cavity is formed in the second shell (201), the first shell (11) and the second shell (201) are connected, and the laser beam is arranged in the emission channel; The adjusting cavity is provided with an adjusting assembly for driving the focusing mirror (202) to move axially along the emission channel to change the focusing distance, and the focusing mirror (202) is installed on the adjusting assembly; The emission end of the second shell (201) is provided with a laser triangulation sensor (31) for detecting the distance between the workpiece surface and the emission end in real time and an infrared temperature sensor (32) for monitoring the instantaneous temperature field distribution of the welding area, and the second shell (201) is further provided with a control part for receiving the sensor signal and controlling the action of the adjusting assembly; The bottom of the first shell (11) is provided with a detachable handle (41), and the handle (41) is provided with a trigger part for controlling the start and stop of the laser generator (12); The mounting assembly includes a mounting shell (501) and a mounting cover plate (502), the mounting shell (501) is arranged in the irradiation cavity and moves up and down along the irradiation cavity to form a lifting path, the lifting path is provided with a working area and a replacement area, the mounting cover plate (502) covers the mounting shell (501) to form a mounting cavity, and the laser generator (12) is installed in the mounting cavity; When the mounting shell (501) is located in the working area, the laser generator (12) is located in the irradiation cavity, and the laser beam is arranged in the emission channel; When the mounting shell (501) is located in the replacement area, the laser generator (12) is located above the first shell (11); A plurality of mounting assemblies (503) are arranged in the mounting shell (501) and the mounting cover plate (502), the laser generator (12) is clamped in the plurality of mounting assemblies (503), and a gap is formed between the laser generator (12), the mounting assembly (503), the mounting shell (501) and the mounting cover plate (502); A plurality of first magnetic suction blocks (504) are arranged on the inner side of the mounting shell (501), a magnetic suction plate (505) corresponding to the first magnetic suction block (504) is arranged on one side of the laser generator (12), and the first magnetic suction block (504) and the magnetic suction plate (505) are in contact to form a pre-installation structure; The mounting shell (501) and the mounting cover plate (502) are provided with notch grooves, and an irradiation window is formed through the two groups of notch grooves; a support frame (506) is arranged in the irradiation cavity; a light shielding sleeve (507) is arranged between the support frame (506) and the irradiation end of the mounting shell (501); the light shielding sleeve (507) is provided with a light transmission mirror at one end and a collimating mirror at the other end; a sunshade channel is formed through the three; the sunshade channel and the emission channel are coaxial; when the mounting shell (501) is located in the working area, the laser beam passes through the sunshade channel; The mounting shell (501) is provided with a locking portion on the opposite inner sides; the locking portion is located in the working area; the locking portion comprises two groups of limiting blocks (508) arranged on the inner side of the mounting shell (501); the limiting blocks (508) are arranged in the shape of a right-angled triangle; the two groups of limiting blocks (508) correspond to the vertical surfaces; a limiting area is formed between the two groups of limiting blocks (508); a push block (509) is arranged between the two groups of limiting blocks (508).

2. The handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push block (509) is rotationally connected to the mounting shell (501); the push block (509) divides the limiting area into a first clamping area and a second clamping area; a second magnetic block (510) is arranged on the corresponding surface of each of the two groups of limiting blocks (508); the push block (509) is magnetized; and the corresponding surfaces of the second magnetic block (510) and the push block (509) are arranged with the same polarity. The mounting shell (501) is provided with an extension piece (511) on each side; the mounting shell (501) is provided with an extension groove (512) corresponding to the extension piece (511); the extension piece (511) is arranged in the extension groove (512); and a roller (513) is arranged at one end of the extension piece (511); the roller (513) is in contact with the inner wall of the mounting shell (501). A spring structure is arranged in the extension groove (512); when the extension piece (511) is subjected to an external force, the extension piece (511) is retracted into the extension groove (512) through the spring structure; and when the external force acting on the extension piece (511) is removed, the extension piece (511) is reset through the spring structure. The two groups of limiting blocks (508) are respectively arranged as first clamping blocks and second clamping blocks; the first clamping blocks are located below the second clamping blocks.

3. The handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the installation shell (501) moves from the working area to the replacement area, the roller (513) is in contact with one of the first clamping blocks, and the telescopic part (511) is pressed by the first clamping block and retracts into the telescopic slot (512) until the installation shell (501) is positioned in the replacement area. When the installation shell (501) moves from the replacement area to the working area, the installation shell (501) is first moved upward, the roller (513) is pressed against the second clamping block, and the telescopic part (511) is pressed until the installation shell (501) is moved above the second clamping block, and at the same time, the installation shell (501) is pressed downward, the telescopic part (511) is pressed by the second clamping block and moves between the second clamping block and the push stop plate (509), and the push stop plate (509) is pressed to be in contact with the first clamping block, and then the installation shell (501) is further moved downward and is pressed by the push stop plate (509) until the installation shell (501) is moved below the first clamping block. The installation shell (501) further comprises a locking structure for limiting unintended movement of the installation shell (501).

4. The handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adjustment assembly comprises an adjustment frame (203) and an adjustment part, one side of the adjustment frame (203) is rotatably provided with a lead screw (204), and the other side is provided with a sliding rod (205), the adjustment part is located in the adjustment frame (203) and is connected with the lead screw (204) and the sliding rod (205) respectively; one end of the lead screw (204) is provided with a linkage gear (206), one side of the second shell (201) is provided with a protective cover (207), the protective cover (207) is connected with the second shell (201) to form a protective cavity, a motor (208) is arranged in the protective cavity, the second shell (201) is provided with a first through slot corresponding to the linkage gear (206), the protective cavity is connected with the adjustment cavity through the first through slot, the linkage gear (206) is arranged in the first through slot, and the motor (208) is provided with a transmission gear (209) at the shaft end, and the transmission gear (209) is engaged with the linkage gear (206); the protective cover (207) is provided with a second through slot corresponding to the transmission gear (209), and the transmission gear (209) is partially arranged in the second through slot and protrudes from one side of the protective cover (207).

5. The handheld laser welding gun with adaptive focusing distance adjustment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjusting part comprises two groups of adjusting housings (210) and a bearing seat (211), the two groups of adjusting housings (210) are spliced to form a moving cavity, the bearing seat (211) is arranged in the moving cavity, and the bearing seat (211) moves along the moving cavity; and a focusing mirror (202) is arranged in the bearing seat (211); The adjusting housing (210) is provided with a moving part and a driving part, the moving part comprises moving grooves (212) formed on both sides of the adjusting housing (210), moving tracks are formed by the moving grooves (212) on the same side of the two groups of adjusting housings (210), and moving wheels (213) are arranged on both sides of the bearing seat (211) and used for cooperating with the moving tracks to limit movement of the bearing seat (211) along the moving tracks; and the moving wheels (213) are arranged in the moving tracks; The driving part comprises two groups of piezoelectric ceramics (214), the piezoelectric ceramics (214) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the moving cavity, connecting rods (215) are arranged on both sides of the bearing seat (211) and arranged in the moving tracks, and one end of the connecting rod (215) is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic (214) through a linkage rod (216).

6. The handheld laser welding gun with adaptive adjustment of focusing distance according to claim 1, wherein: The second housing (201) is provided with a mounting plate (42) at the emission end, the laser triangulation sensor (31) and the infrared temperature sensor (32) are mounted on the mounting plate (42), the second housing (201) is located between the laser triangulation sensor (31) and the infrared temperature sensor (32), and the three are vertically arranged in sequence.

7. The handheld laser welding gun with adaptive adjustment of focusing distance according to claim 6, wherein: The second housing (201) is provided with a support plate (43) at the emission end, the support plate (43) is sleeved on the emission end of the second housing (201), one side of the support plate (43) is provided with a translation plate (44), the support plate (43) is provided with a moving structure, the translation plate (44) is slidably connected with the support plate (43) through the moving structure, the support plate (43) is provided with a first emission area and a second emission area, the support plate (43) is provided with two groups of emission through holes (45), and the two groups of emission through holes (45) are located in the first emission area and the second emission area respectively, one group of the emission through holes (45) is coaxial with the emission end of the second housing (201); The first emission area is provided with a light transmission mirror, and the light transmission mirror is coaxial with the emission through hole (45) in the first emission area. The second emission area is provided with a mirror (46), one side of the supporting plate (43) is provided with two groups of connecting plates, the two groups of connecting plates are located on two sides of the emission through hole (45) in the second emission area, the mirror (46) is located between the two groups of connecting plates and is rotationally connected with the two groups of connecting plates, one side of one group of the connecting plates is provided with a driving member for driving the mirror (46) to rotate around the rotation shaft between the two groups of connecting plates, and the other group of the connecting plates is provided with an angle sensor for detecting the current rotation angle of the mirror (46).

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