Extrusion molding equipment and processing method of new energy cable fireproof layer

Abstract

The application discloses an extrusion molding equipment and a processing method of a new energy cable fireproof layer, and relates to the field of plastic extrusion molding equipment. In the application, when the pressure in the extrusion head increases, the piston can move upwards under the driving of the fluid pressure and the pressure balance assembly. At this time, the driving assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move downwards to adjust the opening and closing degree of the valve cavity and the through flow. When the pressure in the extrusion head decreases, the piston can move downwards under the driving of the fluid pressure and the pressure balance assembly. At this time, the driving assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move upwards to increase the opening and closing degree of the valve cavity and the through flow. Through the cooperation of the piston, the pressure balance assembly, the driving assembly and the valve core assembly, the conveying flow between the screw extruder and the extrusion head can be quickly adjusted when the fluid pressure in the extrusion head fluctuates, the pressure in the extrusion head is quickly recovered and stabilized, and the quality of the extrusion molding product is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plastic extrusion molding equipment, and more specifically, it relates to an extrusion molding equipment and a processing method for a fireproof layer of new energy cables. Background Technology

[0002] New energy cables are key components designed specifically for new energy vehicles, charging infrastructure, and renewable energy systems, possessing high voltage and high current transmission capabilities. Their core feature is the use of high-performance insulation materials (such as cross-linked polyethylene), which can withstand high temperatures, high voltages, and complex environments, ensuring safe and stable power transmission. During the production process, new energy cables require the use of extrusion molding equipment to extrude and coat the insulation material onto the outside of the cable core. This creates an outer protective layer, including an insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer, to protect the cable and ensure its insulation performance and service life.

[0003] For example, Chinese Patent CN120902246B discloses a cable insulation extrusion device, which relates to the application field of cable extruders. It includes an extruder and an extrusion mold. A cooling system is provided on one side of the extruder. The cooling system includes multiple sets of water tanks, multiple sets of coils, and multiple sets of cooling components. A water inlet pipe is provided on one side of the first water tank, and a water outlet pipe is provided on one side of the fifth water tank. A circulation system is connected between the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe. The water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe, and the multiple sets of coils are connected by water-passing hoses. The ends of the water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe, and the multiple sets of coils are all connected to the cooling components by diverter joints and water-passing hoses.

[0004] As described in the aforementioned patent, existing extrusion molding equipment typically includes an extruder (screw extruder), an extrusion die (extrusion head), a cooling system, and a cable traction system. During the extrusion molding of the cable protective layer, the cable traction system pulls the cable through the extrusion die at a uniform speed. Simultaneously, the extruder heats and melts the raw material and extrudes it into the extrusion die to extrude the raw material and coat it onto the surface of the cable to form a protective layer. Afterward, the cooling system cools and shapes the cable protective layer.

[0005] However, during actual operation, extrusion molding equipment is affected by factors such as uneven plastic particle size and varying moisture content, leading to fluctuations in fluid pressure within the extruder and extrusion die. Furthermore, cable traction speed also fluctuates due to factors like cable tension and the cooling system, resulting in fluctuations in extrusion speed and pressure. These pressure fluctuations can cause uneven coating thickness, surface roughness, and even bamboo-like defects, thus affecting product quality. Current technologies monitor the pressure within the extrusion die in real time, adjusting the extruder screw speed or cable traction speed to stabilize the pressure when fluctuations occur. However, both of these pressure adjustment methods are indirect, resulting in a delay and preventing rapid stabilization of the pressure within the extrusion die, which still impacts the quality of the extruded product. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems in related technologies, this invention proposes an extrusion molding equipment and a processing method for the fireproof layer of new energy cables, so as to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention relates to an extrusion molding device, including a screw extruder. An extrusion head is installed at the outlet end of the screw extruder, and a die core is installed inside the extrusion head. A wire hole communicating with the die core is also provided through the extrusion head. A pressure regulating valve is connected and installed between the screw extruder and the extrusion head. The pressure regulating valve includes a valve body, and the two ends of the valve body are respectively connected to the screw extruder and the extrusion head. The valve body is provided with a valve cavity and a valve core assembly for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the valve cavity.

[0009] The valve body is equipped with a regulating drive mechanism that drives the valve core assembly to adjust its opening and closing. The regulating drive mechanism includes a pressure chamber and a drive assembly. The pressure chamber is connected to the outlet end of the valve body and the extruder head to ensure equal fluid pressure within the pressure chamber, the valve body outlet end, and the extruder head. A piston is slidably mounted inside the pressure chamber, and the piston is subjected to upward pressure from the fluid within the pressure chamber. A pressure balancing assembly is mounted abutting against the top of the piston, providing a downward elastic force to the piston. The piston moves within the pressure chamber under the influence of the fluid pressure and the elastic force of the pressure balancing assembly. The system maintains a dynamic balance so that when the pressure in the extruder head and pressure chamber increases, the piston can move upward in the pressure chamber under the extension and retraction force of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing component. Conversely, when the pressure in the extruder head and pressure chamber decreases, the piston can move downward in the pressure chamber under the extension and retraction force of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing component. The piston is connected to the valve core assembly via a drive assembly, so that when the piston moves upward, the drive assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust and reduce the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber. Conversely, when the piston moves downward, the drive assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust and increase the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the drive assembly includes an adjusting drive rod and a transmission box. The transmission box is fixedly installed at the top of the pressure chamber, and the adjusting drive rod is fixedly installed at the top of the piston, with the top of the adjusting drive rod extending into the interior of the transmission box. A transmission shaft is rotatably installed inside the transmission box. One end of the transmission shaft is connected to the adjusting drive rod via a lifting transmission unit, which drives the transmission shaft to rotate when the adjusting drive rod moves up and down. The other end of the transmission shaft is connected to the valve core assembly via a rotary transmission unit, which drives the transmission components inside the valve core assembly to rotate synchronously when the transmission shaft rotates. The lifting transmission unit includes a rack and a gear. The rack is fixedly installed at the top of the adjusting drive rod, and the gear is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft, with the gear meshing with the rack for transmission.

[0011] Preferably, the valve core assembly includes a valve stem and a valve plate. The valve plate is slidably inserted into the valve cavity, and a sealing gasket located above the valve cavity is fitted onto the upper end of the valve plate. The valve stem is rotatably mounted in the transmission box, and the top end of the valve stem is connected to the transmission shaft via a rotary transmission unit. A screw is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the valve stem, and a threaded adjustment hole is provided on the top end of the valve plate. The bottom end of the screw is rotatably mounted in the threaded adjustment hole. The rotary transmission unit includes a transmission bevel gear and a driven bevel gear. The transmission bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft, and the driven bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the top end of the valve stem. The transmission bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are meshed and connected for transmission.

[0012] Preferably, the valve body is further equipped with an adjustable elastic balancer, which slides against the back of the valve plate to balance and offset the fluid impact force on the valve plate. The adjustable elastic balancer can adjust the sliding contact force on the valve plate according to the magnitude of the fluid impact force on the valve plate.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustable elastic balance component includes a limiting sleeve, which is fixedly installed on the valve body. A slider and an adjusting plate are slidably installed inside the limiting sleeve. A pressure unit is abutted between the slider and the adjusting plate. A limiting rod is fixedly installed at one end of the slider, and a limiting block is fixedly installed at the end of the limiting rod. One end of the limiting block can slide against the back of the valve plate under the elastic pressure of the pressure unit. A telescopic adjustment unit is installed at the outer end of the limiting sleeve. The telescopic adjustment unit can drive the adjusting plate to telescopically slide within the limiting sleeve, so that the adjusting plate can telescopically adjust the pressure unit. When the pressure unit is compressed, the elastic pressure increases, so that the abutting force of the limiting block on the valve plate increases. When the pressure unit is restored and extended, the elastic pressure decreases, so that the abutting force of the limiting block on the valve plate decreases.

[0014] Preferably, the telescopic adjustment unit includes a threaded cylinder, which is fixedly installed on the outer end of the limiting sleeve. A threaded rod is rotatably installed inside the threaded cylinder. An adjustment knob is fixedly installed on the outer end of the threaded rod. The inner end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the adjustment plate. The pressure unit is a pressure spring.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure chamber is further equipped with a pressure balancing device, which can drive the pressure balancing assembly to extend and retract to adjust the piston height and the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber.

[0016] Preferably, the pressure balancing component includes a limiting plate and a lifting adjustment unit. The limiting plate is slidably installed on the upper end of the pressure chamber and abuts against the top of the pressure balancing assembly. A plurality of sliding connecting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer ring of the limiting plate. A plurality of sliding grooves are provided on the side wall of the pressure chamber, which correspond one-to-one with the sliding connecting blocks. The lifting adjustment unit is fixedly connected to the sliding connecting blocks and can drive the sliding connecting blocks and the limiting plate to perform lifting and adjusting. The pressure balancing assembly includes a pressure balancing spring, which is abutted between the piston and the limiting plate.

[0017] Preferably, the lifting adjustment unit includes a connecting ring and a threaded sleeve. The connecting ring is slidably fitted onto the outer ring of the pressure chamber, and the connecting ring is fixedly connected to the outer end of the sliding connecting block. The threaded sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the pressure chamber. An adjustment handle is installed on the outer ring of the threaded sleeve through an external thread drive. A ring sleeve is rotatably installed on the adjustment handle. The ring sleeve and the connecting ring are fixedly connected by a connecting rod.

[0018] This invention also discloses a method for processing a fireproof layer for new energy cables, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0019] First, the fireproof layer material for the cable is fed into the screw extruder. The screw extruder heats and melts the fireproof layer material into a molten state, and then extrudes and conveys the molten material into the extrusion head through a pressure regulating valve. At the same time, the new energy cable passes through the wire hole on the extrusion head, and is pulled by a pulling device to make the new energy cable pass through the die core in the extrusion head at a uniform speed. At this time, the molten material in the die core is extruded and coated on the surface of the new energy cable, thereby forming a fireproof layer on the surface of the new energy cable.

[0020] During the extrusion and conveying process, the molten raw material enters the pressure chamber and moves the piston upward to meet it until the fluid pressure on the piston is balanced with the force of the pressure balancing component. At this time, the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber is the same as that in the extruder head. When the fluid pressure in the extruder head fluctuates, the piston in the pressure chamber can be adjusted up and down under the drive of the fluid pressure and the pressure balancing component. It can also drive the valve core component to move and adjust the valve chamber opening and closing degree and fluid flow rate, so that the pressure in the extruder head can be restored to stability.

[0021] Specifically, when the pressure inside the extruder head increases, the piston can move upward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust, so as to reduce the degree of opening and closing of the valve chamber and the flow rate. When the pressure inside the extruder head decreases, the piston can move downward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust, so as to increase the degree of opening and closing of the valve chamber and the flow rate.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. In this invention, when the pressure inside the extruder head increases, the piston can move upward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust, thereby reducing the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber and the flow rate. When the pressure inside the extruder head decreases, the piston can move downward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust, thereby increasing the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber and the flow rate. Thus, through the cooperation of the piston, pressure balancing components, drive components, and valve core assembly, the conveying flow rate between the screw extruder and the extruder head can be quickly adjusted when the fluid pressure inside the extruder head fluctuates, so that the pressure inside the extruder head can be quickly restored to stability, thereby improving the quality of the extruded product.

[0024] 2. In this invention, a pressure balancing device is installed in the pressure chamber. This device can drive the pressure balancing assembly to extend and retract to adjust the piston height. In turn, the drive assembly drives the valve core assembly to adjust the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber, thereby adjusting the feed flow of the extruder head to adapt to different extrusion molding requirements, thus improving the applicability of the equipment.

[0025] 3. In this invention, an adjustable elastic balancing component is installed on the valve body. This adjustable elastic balancing component slides against the back of the valve plate to balance and offset the fluid impact force on the valve plate during fluid transportation. This prevents the valve plate from tightly pressing against the inner wall of the valve body under the action of the fluid impact force, which would increase the frictional resistance during valve plate adjustment. This reduces the resistance of the valve plate, improves its adjustment flexibility, and further improves the valve plate adjustment response speed and adjustment accuracy, thereby improving the pressure regulation stability effect inside the extruder. Moreover, the adjustable elastic balancing component can adjust the sliding contact force on the valve plate according to the magnitude of the fluid impact force on the valve plate, thereby improving the pressure balancing effect on the valve plate.

[0026] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the extrusion molding equipment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram at point A;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion molding equipment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram at point B;

[0032] Figure 5 This is the third three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion molding equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram at point C;

[0034] Figure 7This is the fourth three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion molding equipment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram at point D;

[0036] Figure 9 This is the fifth three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion molding equipment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified structural diagram at point E;

[0038] Figure 11 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the pressure regulating valve of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 A magnified structural diagram at point F;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pressure regulating valve of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 This is one of the schematic diagrams illustrating the adjustment of the pressure regulating valve of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15 This is the second schematic diagram of the adjustment of the pressure regulating valve of the present invention.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Screw extruder; 2. Extrusion head; 21. Line hole; 3. Pressure regulating valve; 31. Valve body; 32. Valve stem; 33. Valve plate; 34. Valve cavity; 35. Sealing gasket; 36. Screw; 37. Limit sleeve; 38. Limit stop; 39. Adjusting knob; 310. Slider; 311. Limit rod; 312. Pressure spring; 313. Threaded cylinder; 314. Threaded rod; 315. Adjusting plate; 4. Adjusting drive. 41. Drive mechanism; 42. Pressure chamber; 43. Transmission box; 44. Adjusting drive rod; 45. Rack; 46. Gear; 47. Drive shaft; 48. Drive bevel gear; 49. Driven bevel gear; 40. Limiting plate; 410. Slide groove; 411. Sliding connecting block; 412. Connecting ring; 413. Connecting rod; 414. Ring sleeve; 415. Adjusting handle; 416. Threaded sleeve; 417. Piston; 418. Pressure balance spring. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 9-15 This embodiment is an extrusion molding equipment, including a screw extruder 1, an extrusion head 2 installed at the outlet end of the screw extruder 1, a die core installed inside the extrusion head 2, and a wire hole 21 communicating with the die core is also provided through the extrusion head 2. A pressure regulating valve 3 is connected and installed between the screw extruder 1 and the extrusion head 2. The pressure regulating valve 3 includes a valve body 31, the two ends of the valve body 31 are respectively connected to the screw extruder 1 and the extrusion head 2, and a valve cavity 34 and a valve core assembly for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the valve cavity 34 are provided inside the valve body 31.

[0048] A regulating drive mechanism 4 is installed on the valve body 31 to drive the valve core assembly for opening and closing adjustment. The regulating drive mechanism 4 includes a pressure chamber 41 and a drive assembly. The pressure chamber 41 is connected to the outlet end of the valve body 31 and the extruder head 2 to make the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 41, the outlet end of the valve body 31, and the extruder head 2 equal. A piston 417 is slidably installed inside the pressure chamber 41. The piston 417 can be subjected to the upward pressure of the fluid in the pressure chamber 41. A pressure balancing assembly is installed at the top of the piston 417, which can provide a downward elastic force to the piston 417. The piston 417 can be held within the pressure chamber 41 by the fluid pressure and the elastic force of the pressure balancing assembly. Dynamic balancing is achieved so that when the pressure in the extruder head 2 and pressure chamber 41 increases, the piston 417 can move upward in the pressure chamber 41 under the extension and retraction force of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing assembly, and when the pressure in the extruder head 2 and pressure chamber 41 decreases, the piston 417 can move downward in the pressure chamber 41 under the extension and retraction force of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing assembly. The piston 417 is connected to the valve core assembly through the drive assembly, so that when the piston 417 moves upward, the drive assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust and reduce the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34, and when the piston 417 moves downward, the drive assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust and increase the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34.

[0049] When the extrusion molding equipment is working, the plastic raw material is first fed into the screw extruder 1. The screw extruder 1 heats and melts the plastic raw material into a molten state, and then extrudes the molten material into the extrusion head 2 through the pressure regulating valve 3. At the same time, the cable passes through the wire hole 21 on the extrusion head 2, and the cable is pulled by the pulling device to make the cable pass through the die core in the extrusion head 2 at a uniform speed. At this time, the molten material in the die core is extruded and coated on the surface of the cable, thereby forming a protective layer on the surface of the cable. During the extrusion and conveying process, the molten material enters the pressure chamber 41 and moves the piston 417 upward to abut against it until the fluid pressure on the piston 417 is balanced with the abutting force of the pressure balancing component. At this time, the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 41 and the fluid pressure in the extrusion head 2 are the same. When the fluid pressure fluctuates, the piston 417 in the pressure chamber 41 can be adjusted up and down under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balance component, and drive the valve core assembly to move and adjust, thereby adjusting the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 and the fluid flow rate, so that the pressure in the extruder head 2 can be restored to stability. Specifically, when the pressure in the extruder head 2 increases, the piston 417 can move upward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balance component. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust, thereby reducing the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 and the flow rate. When the pressure in the extruder head 2 decreases, the piston 417 can move downward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balance component. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust, thereby increasing the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 and the flow rate.

[0050] The piston 417, pressure balancing assembly, drive assembly, and valve core assembly work together to quickly adjust the flow rate between the screw extruder 1 and the extruder head 2 when the fluid pressure fluctuates in the extruder head 2, thereby rapidly restoring the pressure in the extruder head 2 to a stable level and improving the quality of the extruded products.

[0051] Furthermore, heating wires are installed in the inner walls of both the valve body 31 and the pressure chamber 41, so that the valve body 31 and the pressure chamber 41 can be heated and kept warm through the heating wires to prevent the plastic raw materials in the valve body 31 and the pressure chamber 41 from cooling down and solidifying.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Please see Figures 1-6 , Figure 9 , Figure 10The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiments is that the drive assembly includes an adjusting drive rod 43 and a transmission box 42. The transmission box 42 is fixedly installed on the top of the pressure chamber 41, and the adjusting drive rod 43 is fixedly installed on the top of the piston 417. The top of the adjusting drive rod 43 extends into the interior of the transmission box 42. A transmission shaft 46 is also rotatably installed inside the transmission box 42. One end of the transmission shaft 46 is connected to the adjusting drive rod 43 through a lifting transmission unit. The lifting transmission unit can drive the transmission shaft 46 to rotate when the adjusting drive rod 43 moves up and down. The other end of the transmission shaft 46 is connected to the valve core assembly through a rotation transmission unit. The rotation transmission unit can drive the transmission components in the valve core assembly to rotate synchronously when the transmission shaft 46 rotates. The lifting transmission unit includes a rack 44 and a gear 45. The rack 44 is fixedly installed on the top of the adjusting drive rod 43, and the gear 45 is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft 46. The gear 45 and the rack 44 are meshed and connected.

[0054] The valve core assembly includes a valve stem 32 and a valve plate 33. The valve plate 33 is slidably inserted into the valve cavity 34. A sealing gasket 35 is fitted on the upper end of the valve plate 33 above the valve cavity 34. The valve stem 32 is rotatably mounted in the transmission box 42. The top end of the valve stem 32 is connected to the transmission shaft 46 via a rotary transmission unit. A screw 36 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the valve stem 32. A threaded adjustment hole is provided on the top end of the valve plate 33. The bottom end of the screw 36 is rotatably mounted in the threaded adjustment hole. The rotary transmission unit includes a transmission bevel gear 47 and a driven bevel gear 48. The transmission bevel gear 47 is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft 46. The driven bevel gear 48 is fixedly mounted on the top end of the valve stem 32. The transmission bevel gear 47 and the driven bevel gear 48 are meshed and connected for transmission.

[0055] When the extrusion molding equipment is working, the lower end of the valve plate 33 is inserted into the flow channel of the valve cavity 34, so that the flow channel of the valve cavity 34 is in a partially open state, so that the molten plastic raw material in the screw extruder 1 can be transported to the extrusion head 2 through the valve cavity 34, and then extruded and wrapped on the cable through the die core in the extrusion head 2. When the pressure in the extrusion head 2 fluctuates, the piston 417 can move up and down in the pressure chamber 41 under the drive of the extension and retraction elastic force of the fluid pressure and pressure balance component.

[0056] Specifically, when the pressure inside the extruder head 2 increases, the piston 417 moves upward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the piston 417 drives the adjusting drive rod 43 and the rack 44 to move upward, causing the rack 44 to mesh with the drive gear 45 to rotate. The gear 45 then drives the transmission shaft 46 and the transmission bevel gear 47 to rotate. Afterward, the transmission bevel gear 47 meshes with and drives the driven bevel gear 48 to rotate, thereby causing the driven bevel gear 48 to drive the valve stem 32 and the screw 36 to rotate. When the screw 36 rotates, it drives the valve plate 33 to move downward through the threaded transmission, causing the opening of the valve cavity 34 to narrow. At this time, the input flow of the extruder head 2 decreases, allowing the pressure inside to gradually decrease and recover. When the extruder head 2 is compressed, the piston 417 moves upward, causing the pressure inside to gradually decrease and recover. When the pressure inside the extruder 2 decreases, the piston 417 moves downward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balance components. At this time, the piston 417 drives the adjusting drive rod 43 and the rack 44 to move downward, causing the rack 44 to mesh with the drive gear 45 to rotate in the opposite direction. The gear 45 then drives the transmission shaft 46 and the transmission bevel gear 47 to rotate in the opposite direction. After that, the transmission bevel gear 47 meshes with the driven bevel gear 48 to rotate in the opposite direction, thereby causing the driven bevel gear 48 to drive the valve stem 32 and the screw 36 to rotate in the opposite direction. When the screw 36 rotates in the opposite direction, it drives the valve plate 33 to move upward through the threaded transmission, which increases the opening of the valve cavity 34. At this time, the input flow of the extruder 2 increases, which allows the pressure inside to gradually increase and recover.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that an adjustable elastic balancer is also installed on the valve body 31. The adjustable elastic balancer slides against the back of the valve plate 33 to balance and offset the fluid impact force on the valve plate 33. The adjustable elastic balancer can adjust the sliding contact force on the valve plate 33 according to the magnitude of the fluid impact force on the valve plate 33.

[0059] The adjustable elastic balancing component balances and counteracts the fluid impact force on the valve plate 33 during fluid transport, preventing the valve plate 33 from pressing tightly against the inner wall of the valve body 31 under the action of the fluid impact force, thus increasing the frictional resistance of the valve plate 33 during adjustment. This reduces the resistance of the valve plate 33, improves its adjustment flexibility, and further improves the adjustment response speed and adjustment accuracy of the valve plate 33, thereby improving the pressure regulation stability effect in the extruder head 2. Moreover, the adjustable elastic balancing component can adjust the sliding contact force on the valve plate 33 according to the magnitude of the fluid impact force on the valve plate 33, thereby improving the pressure balance effect on the valve plate 33.

[0060] Specifically, the adjustable elastic balance component includes a limiting sleeve 37, which is fixedly installed on the valve body 31. A slider 310 and an adjusting plate 315 are slidably installed inside the limiting sleeve 37. A pressure unit is installed between the slider 310 and the adjusting plate 315. A limiting rod 311 is fixedly installed at one end of the slider 310, and a limiting block 38 is fixedly installed at the end of the limiting rod 311. One end of the limiting block 38 can slide against the back of the valve plate 33 under the elastic pressure of the pressure unit. A telescopic adjustment unit is installed on the outer end of the limiting sleeve 37, which can drive the adjusting plate 315 to telescopically slide within the limiting sleeve 37. The adjusting plate 315 adjusts the extension and retraction of the pressure unit. When the pressure unit is compressed, the elastic pressure increases, thereby increasing the abutment force of the limit block 38 against the valve plate 33. When the pressure unit is retracted, the elastic pressure decreases, thereby decreasing the abutment force of the limit block 38 against the valve plate 33. The extension and retraction adjustment unit includes a threaded cylinder 313, which is fixedly installed on the outer end of the limit sleeve 37. A threaded rod 314 is rotatably installed inside the threaded cylinder 313. An adjusting knob 39 is fixedly installed on the outer end of the threaded rod 314. The inner end of the threaded rod 314 is rotatably connected to the adjusting plate 315. The pressure unit is a pressure spring 312.

[0061] The limiting block 38 abuts against the back of the valve plate 33 under the elastic force of the pressure spring 312 to counteract the impact force of the fluid transport on the valve plate 33. The contact surface of the limiting block 38 is a smooth surface, which can reduce the frictional resistance between it and the valve plate 33, thereby reducing the adjustment resistance of the valve plate 33 and improving its adjustment flexibility. When the fluid transport pressure changes, causing the fluid impact force on the valve plate 33 to change, the adjusting knob 39 drives the threaded rod 314 to rotate. When the threaded rod 314 rotates, it can move along the threaded cylinder 313 under the drive of the threaded transmission, thereby driving the adjusting plate 315 to move left and right in the limiting sleeve 37, thereby adjusting the distance between the slider 310 and the adjusting plate 315, and thus adjusting the extension length and balancing force of the pressure spring 312, so that the balancing force of the pressure spring 312 is close to the fluid impact force on the valve plate 33.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] Please see Figures 7-10 The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that a pressure balancing device is also installed in the pressure chamber 41. The pressure balancing device can drive the pressure balancing component to extend and retract to adjust the height of the piston 417 and the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34, thereby adjusting the feed flow of the extruder head 2 to adapt to different extrusion molding requirements, thereby improving the applicability of the equipment.

[0064] Specifically, the pressure balancing component includes a limiting plate 49 and a lifting adjustment unit. The limiting plate 49 is slidably installed inside the upper end of the pressure chamber 41, and abuts against the top of the pressure balancing assembly. Multiple sliding connecting blocks 411 are fixedly installed on the outer ring of the limiting plate 49. Multiple sliding grooves 410 are provided on the side wall of the pressure chamber 41, corresponding one-to-one with the sliding connecting blocks 411. The lifting adjustment unit is fixedly connected to the sliding connecting blocks 411 and can drive the sliding connecting blocks 411 and the limiting plate 49 to perform lifting and lowering adjustments. The pressure balancing assembly includes a pressure balancing spring 41. 8. A pressure balance spring 418 is abutted between the piston 417 and the limiting plate 49. The lifting adjustment unit includes a connecting ring 412 and a threaded sleeve 416. The connecting ring 412 is slidably fitted on the outer ring of the pressure chamber 41, and the connecting ring 412 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the sliding connecting block 411. The threaded sleeve 416 is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the pressure chamber 41. An adjusting handle 415 is installed on the outer ring of the threaded sleeve 416 through an external thread drive. A ring sleeve 414 is rotatably installed on the adjusting handle 415. The ring sleeve 414 and the connecting ring 412 are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 413.

[0065] The limiting plate 49 abuts against the end of the pressure balance spring 418, providing limiting support to the end of the pressure balance spring 418 so that the bottom end of the pressure balance spring 418 can abut against the piston 417 to balance the fluid pressure on the piston 417. By rotating the adjusting handle 415, the adjusting handle 415 can move up and down along the threaded sleeve 416 under the action of threaded transmission, thereby driving the ring sleeve 414 to move up and down. When the ring sleeve 414 moves up and down, the connecting rod 413 drives the connecting ring 412, the sliding connecting block 411, and the limiting plate 49 to move up and down synchronously, so as to adjust the distance between the limiting plate 49 and the piston 417 and the extension and retraction force of the pressure balance spring 418. At this time, the piston 417 is driven by the pressure balance spring 418 and the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 41 to move up and down synchronously. Then, the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 is adjusted by the drive assembly and the valve core assembly, thereby adjusting the feed flow of the extruder head 2 to adapt to different extrusion molding requirements, thereby improving the applicability of the equipment.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] This embodiment discloses a method for processing a fireproof layer for new energy cables, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0068] First, the fireproof layer material for the cable is fed into the screw extruder 1. The screw extruder 1 heats and melts the fireproof layer material into a molten state, and then extrudes and conveys the molten material into the extrusion head 2 through the pressure regulating valve 3. At the same time, the new energy cable passes through the wire hole 21 on the extrusion head 2, and is pulled by the pulling device so that the new energy cable passes through the die core in the extrusion head 2 at a uniform speed. At this time, the molten material in the die core is extruded and coated on the surface of the new energy cable, thereby forming a fireproof layer on the surface of the new energy cable.

[0069] During the extrusion and conveying process, the molten raw material enters the pressure chamber 41 and moves the piston 417 upward to meet it until the fluid pressure on the piston 417 is balanced with the contact force of the pressure balancing component. At this time, the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 41 is the same as that in the extruder head 2. When the fluid pressure in the extruder head 2 fluctuates, the piston 417 in the pressure chamber 41 can be adjusted up and down under the drive of the fluid pressure and the pressure balancing component. It can also drive the valve core component to move and adjust the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 and the fluid flow rate, so that the pressure in the extruder head 2 can be restored to stability.

[0070] Specifically, when the pressure inside the extruder head 2 increases, the piston 417 can move upward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balance component. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust, so as to reduce the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 and the flow rate. When the pressure inside the extruder head 2 decreases, the piston 417 can move downward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balance component. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust, so as to increase the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber 34 and the flow rate.

[0071] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0072] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

Claims

1. An extrusion molding apparatus, comprising a screw extruder, characterized in that: The screw extruder is equipped with an extrusion head at its outlet end. A die core is installed inside the extrusion head. A wire hole communicating with the die core is also provided through the extrusion head. A pressure regulating valve is connected and installed between the screw extruder and the extrusion head. The pressure regulating valve includes a valve body. The two ends of the valve body are respectively connected to the screw extruder and the extrusion head. The valve body is provided with a valve cavity and a valve core assembly for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the valve cavity. The valve body is equipped with a regulating drive mechanism that drives the valve core assembly to adjust its opening and closing. The regulating drive mechanism includes a pressure chamber and a drive assembly. The pressure chamber is connected to the outlet end of the valve body and the extruder head to ensure equal fluid pressure within the pressure chamber, the valve body outlet end, and the extruder head. A piston is slidably mounted inside the pressure chamber, and the piston is subjected to upward pressure from the fluid within the pressure chamber. A pressure balancing assembly is mounted abutting against the top of the piston, providing a downward elastic force to the piston. The piston moves within the pressure chamber under the influence of the fluid pressure and the elastic force of the pressure balancing assembly. The system maintains a dynamic balance so that when the pressure in the extruder head and pressure chamber increases, the piston can move upward in the pressure chamber under the extension and retraction force of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing component, and when the pressure in the extruder head and pressure chamber decreases, the piston can move downward in the pressure chamber under the extension and retraction force of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing component. The piston is connected to the valve core assembly through a drive assembly, so that when the piston moves upward, the drive assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust and reduce the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber, and when the piston moves downward, the drive assembly can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust and increase the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber. The pressure chamber is also equipped with a pressure balancing device, which can drive the pressure balancing assembly to extend and retract to adjust the piston height and the opening and closing degree of the valve chamber, thereby adjusting the feed flow rate of the extruder.

2. The extrusion molding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes an adjusting drive rod and a transmission box. The transmission box is fixedly installed at the top of the pressure chamber, and the adjusting drive rod is fixedly installed at the top of the piston, with the top of the adjusting drive rod extending into the interior of the transmission box. A drive shaft is also rotatably installed inside the transmission box. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the adjusting drive rod via a lifting transmission unit, which drives the drive shaft to rotate when the adjusting drive rod moves up and down. The other end of the drive shaft is connected to the valve core assembly via a rotary transmission unit, which drives the transmission components inside the valve core assembly to rotate synchronously when the drive shaft rotates.

3. The extrusion molding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The valve core assembly includes a valve stem and a valve plate. The valve plate is slidably inserted into the valve cavity. A sealing gasket is fitted on the upper end of the valve plate above the valve cavity. The valve stem is rotatably installed in the transmission box. The top end of the valve stem is connected to the transmission shaft via a rotary transmission unit. A screw is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the valve stem. A threaded adjustment hole is provided on the top end of the valve plate. The bottom end of the screw is rotatably installed in the threaded adjustment hole.

4. The extrusion molding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: An adjustable elastic balancer is also installed on the valve body. The adjustable elastic balancer slides against the back of the valve plate to balance and offset the fluid impact force on the valve plate. The adjustable elastic balancer can adjust the sliding contact force on the valve plate according to the magnitude of the fluid impact force on the valve plate.

5. An extrusion molding apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustable elastic balance component includes a limiting sleeve, which is fixedly installed on the valve body. A slider and an adjusting plate are slidably installed inside the limiting sleeve. A pressure unit is abutted between the slider and the adjusting plate. A limiting rod is fixedly installed at one end of the slider, and a limiting block is fixedly installed at the end of the limiting rod. One end of the limiting block can slide against the back of the valve plate under the elastic pressure of the pressure unit. A telescopic adjustment unit is installed at the outer end of the limiting sleeve. The telescopic adjustment unit can drive the adjusting plate to telescopically slide within the limiting sleeve, so that the adjusting plate can adjust the pressure unit. When the pressure unit contracts, the elastic pressure increases, increasing the abutting force of the limiting block against the valve plate. When the pressure unit extends back to its original position, the elastic pressure decreases, decreasing the abutting force of the limiting block against the valve plate.

6. An extrusion molding apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The telescopic adjustment unit includes a threaded cylinder, which is fixedly installed on the outer end of the limiting sleeve. A threaded rod is rotatably installed inside the threaded cylinder. An adjustment knob is fixedly installed on the outer end of the threaded rod, and the inner end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the adjustment plate.

7. An extrusion molding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure balancing component includes a limiting plate and a lifting adjustment unit. The limiting plate is slidably installed on the upper end of the pressure chamber and abuts against the top of the pressure balancing component. Multiple sliding connecting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer ring of the limiting plate. Multiple sliding grooves are provided on the side wall of the pressure chamber, which correspond to and slide and engage with the sliding connecting blocks one by one. The lifting adjustment unit is fixedly connected to the sliding connecting blocks and can drive the sliding connecting blocks and the limiting plate to perform lifting and adjustment.

8. An extrusion molding apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lifting adjustment unit includes a connecting ring and a threaded sleeve. The connecting ring is slidably fitted onto the outer ring of the pressure chamber, and the connecting ring is fixedly connected to the outer end of the sliding connecting block. The threaded sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the pressure chamber. An adjustment handle is installed on the outer ring of the threaded sleeve through an external thread drive. A ring sleeve is rotatably installed on the adjustment handle. The ring sleeve and the connecting ring are fixedly connected by a connecting rod.

9. A method for processing a fireproof layer for new energy cables, using the extrusion molding equipment as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: First, the fireproof layer material for the cable is fed into the screw extruder. The screw extruder heats and melts the fireproof layer material into a molten state, and then extrudes and conveys the molten material into the extrusion head through a pressure regulating valve. At the same time, the new energy cable passes through the wire hole on the extrusion head, and is pulled by a pulling device to make the new energy cable pass through the die core in the extrusion head at a uniform speed. At this time, the molten material in the die core is extruded and coated on the surface of the new energy cable, thereby forming a fireproof layer on the surface of the new energy cable. During the extrusion and conveying process, the molten raw material enters the pressure chamber and moves the piston upward to meet it until the fluid pressure on the piston is balanced with the force of the pressure balancing component. At this time, the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber is the same as that in the extruder head. When the fluid pressure in the extruder head fluctuates, the piston in the pressure chamber can be adjusted up and down under the drive of the fluid pressure and the pressure balancing component. It can also drive the valve core component to move and adjust the valve chamber opening and closing degree and fluid flow rate, so that the pressure in the extruder head can be restored to stability. Specifically, when the pressure inside the extruder head increases, the piston can move upward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move downward to adjust, so as to reduce the degree of opening and closing of the valve chamber and the flow rate. When the pressure inside the extruder head decreases, the piston can move downward under the drive of the fluid pressure and pressure balancing components. At this time, the drive component can drive the valve core assembly to move upward to adjust, so as to increase the degree of opening and closing of the valve chamber and the flow rate.

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